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1. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): human studies design and protocol

Author

Group, MoTrPAC Study, Jakicic, John M, Kohrt, Wendy M, Houmard, Joseph A, Miller, Michael E, Radom-Aizik, Shlomit, Rasmussen, Blake B, Ravussin, Eric, Serra, Monica, Stowe, Cynthia L, Trappe, Scott, Abouassi, Hiba, Adkins, Joshua N, Alekel, D Lee, Ashley, Euan, Bamman, Marcas M, Bergman, Bryan C, Bessesen, Daniel H, Broskey, Nicholas T, Buford, Thomas W, Burant, Charles F, Chen, Haiying, Christle, Jeffrey W, Clish, Clary B, Coen, Paul M, Collier, David, Collins, Katherine A, Cooper, Daniel M, Cortes, Tiffany, Cutter, Gary R, Dubis, Gabriel, Fernández, Facundo M, Firnhaber, Jonathon, Forman, Daniel E, Gaul, David A, Gay, Nicole, Gerszten, Robert E, Goodpaster, Bret H, Gritsenko, Marina A, Haddad, Fadia, Huffman, Kim M, Ilkayeva, Olga, Jankowski, Catherine M, Jin, Christopher, Johannsen, Neil M, Johnson, Johanna, Kelly, Leslie, Kershaw, Erin, Kraus, William E, Laughlin, Maren, Lester, Bridget, Lindholm, Malene E, Lowe, Adam, Lu, Ching-Ju, McGowan, Joan, Melanson, Edward L, Montgomery, Stephen, Moore, Samuel G, Moreau, Kerrie L, Muehlbauer, Michael, Musi, Nicolas, Nair, Venugopalan D, Newgard, Christopher B, Newman, Anne B, Nicklas, Barbara, Nindl, Bradley C, Ormond, Kelly, Piehowski, Paul D, Qian, Wei-Jun, Rankinen, Tuomo, Rejeski, W Jack, Robbins, Jeremy, Rogers, Renee J, Rooney, Jessica L, Rushing, Scott, Sanford, James A, Schauer, Irene E, Schwartz, Robert S, Sealfon, Stuart C, Slentz, Cris, Sloan, Ruben, Smith, Kevin S, Snyder, Michael, Spahn, Jessica, Sparks, Lauren M, Stefanovic-Racic, Maja, Tanner, Charles J, Thalacker-Mercer, Anna, Tracy, Russell, Trappe, Todd A, Volpi, Elena, Walsh, Martin J, Wheeler, Matthew T, and Willis, Leslie

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Public Health, Sports Science and Exercise, Clinical Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Physical Activity, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Obesity, Prevention, Cardiovascular, 6.7 Physical, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Exercise, Adult, Resistance Training, Child, Male, Female, Adolescent, Research Design, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, Body Composition, Young Adult, Endurance Training, adipose tissue, biospecimens, molecular transducers, physical activity, skeletal muscle, MoTrPAC Study Group, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Physiology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. Although there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multicenter study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. MoTrPAC contains both a preclinical and human component. The details of the human studies component of MoTrPAC that include the design and methods are presented here. The human studies contain both an adult and pediatric component. In the adult component, sedentary participants are randomized to 12 wk of Control, Endurance Exercise Training, or Resistance Exercise Training with outcomes measures completed before and following the 12 wk. The adult component also includes recruitment of highly active endurance-trained or resistance-trained participants who only complete measures once. A similar design is used for the pediatric component; however, only endurance exercise is examined. Phenotyping measures include weight, body composition, vital signs, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, physical activity and diet, and other questionnaires. Participants also complete an acute rest period (adults only) or exercise session (adults, pediatrics) with collection of biospecimens (blood only for pediatrics) to allow for examination of the molecular responses. The design and methods of MoTrPAC may inform other studies. Moreover, MoTrPAC will provide a repository of data that can be used broadly across the scientific community.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) will be the first large trial to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. By generating a compendium of the molecular responses to exercise, MoTrPAC will lay the foundation for a new era of biomedical research on Precision Exercise Medicine. Presented here is the design, protocols, and procedures for the MoTrPAC human studies.

Published
2024

2. Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake

Author

Bajunaid, Rania, Niu, Chaoqun, Hambly, Catherine, Liu, Zongfang, Yamada, Yosuke, Aleman-Mateo, Heliodoro, Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bandini, Linda, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Bouten, Carlijn V. C., Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G. J. A., Casper, Regina, Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Davies, Peter S. W., Dabare, Prasangi, Dugas, Lara R., Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Gillingham, Melanie, Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Haisma, Hinke H., Hoffman, Daniel, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E., Kriengsinyos, Wantanee, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Kushner, Robert F., Lambert, Estelle V., Lanerolle, Pulani, Larsson, Christel L., Leonard, William R., Lessan, Nader, Löf, Marie, Martin, Corby K., Matsiko, Eric, Medin, Anine C., Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Must, Aviva, Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Nyström, Christine D., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Racette, Susan B., Raichlen, David A., Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M., Reilly, John J., Reynolds, Rebecca, Roberts, Susan B., Samaranayakem, Dulani, Sardinha, Luis B., Silva, Analiza M., Sjödin, Anders M., Stamatiou, Marina, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Van Etten, Ludo M., van Mil, Edgar G. A. H., Wilson, George, Yanovski, Jack A., Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J., Sinha, Srishti, Loechl, Cornelia U., Luke, Amy H., Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A., Westerterp, Klaas R., Wong, William W., and Speakman, John R.

Published
2025
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7. Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty.

Author

Haisma, Hinke, Hambly, Catherine, Hoffman, Daniel, Hoos, Marije, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William, Kriengsinyos, Wantanee, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Kushner, Robert, Lambert, Estelle, Lanerolle, Pulani, Larsson, Christel, Lessan, Nader, Löf, Marie, Martin, Corby, Matsiko, Eric, Meijer, Gerwin, Morehen, James, Morton, James, Must, Aviva, Neuheuser, Marian, Nicklas, Theresa, Ojiambo, Robert, Pietilainen, Kirsi, Pitsiladis, Yannis, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross, Rabinovich, Roberto, Racette, Susan, Raichen, David, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne, Reilly, John, Reynolds, Rebecca, Roberts, Susan, Rood, Jennifer, Samaranayake, Dulani, Sardinha, Luís, Scuitt, Albertine, Silva, Analiza, Sinha, Srishti, Sjödin, Anders, Stice, Eric, Stunkard, Albert, Urlacher, Samuel, Valencia, Mauro, Valenti, Giulio, van Etten, Ludo, Van Mil, Edgar, Verbunt, Jeanine, Wells, Jonathan, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy, Pontzer, Herman, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Westerterp, Klaas, Wong, William, Yamada, Yosuke, Speakman, John, Halsey, Lewis, Careau, Vincent, Ainslie, Philip, Alemán-Mateo, Heliodoro, Andersen, Lene, Anderson, Liam, Arab, Leonore, Baddou, Issad, Bandini, Linda, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto, Bouten, Carlijn, Bovet, Pascal, Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej, Butte, Nancy, Camps, Stephan, Casper, Regian, Close, Graeme, Colbert, Lisa, Cooper, Jamie, Cooper, Richard, Dabare, Prasangi, Das, Sai, Davies, Peter, Deb, Sanjoy, and Nyström, Christine

Subjects
age, height, inter-individual variation, morphometry, weight, Adolescent, Young Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Adult, Puberty, Sexual Behavior, Reproduction, Energy Metabolism, Phenotype
Abstract

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks. We tested this hypothesis on a large dataset by comparing the amount of male variation and female variation in total EE, activity EE and basal EE, at different life stages, along with several morphological traits: height, fat free mass and fat mass. Total EE, and to some degree also activity EE, exhibit considerable greater male variation (GMV) in young adults, and then a decreasing GMV in progressively older individuals. Arguably, basal EE, and also morphometrics, do not exhibit this pattern. These findings suggest that single male sexual characteristics may not exhibit peak GMV in young adulthood, however total and perhaps also activity EE, associated with many morphological and physiological traits combined, do exhibit GMV most prominently during the reproductive life stages.

Published
2023

8. Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure.

Author

Speakman, John, de Jong, Jasper, Sinha, Srishti, Westerterp, Klaas, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip, Anderson, Liam, Arab, Lenore, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto, Bovet, Pascal, Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej, Butte, Nancy, Camps, Stefan, Cooper, Jamie, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai, Davies, Peter, Dugas, Lara, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry, Gillingham, Melanie, Ghosh, Santu, Goris, Annelies, Halsey, Lewis, Hambly, Catherine, Haisma, Hinke, Hoffman, Daniel, Hu, Sumei, Joosen, Annemiek, Kaplan, Jennifer, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kraus, William, Kushner, Robert, Leonard, William, Löf, Marie, Martin, Corby, Matsiko, Eric, Medin, Anine, Meijer, Erwin, Neuhouser, Marian, Nicklas, Theresa, Ojiambo, Robert, Pietiläinen, Kirsi, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross, Racette, Susan, Raichlen, David, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne, Roberts, Susan, Rudolph, Michael, Sardinha, Luis, Schuit, Albertine, Silva, Analiza, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo, Van Mil, Edgar, Wood, Brian, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia, Loechl, Cornelia, Kurpad, Anura, Luke, Amy, Pontzer, Herman, Rodeheffer, Matthew, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale, Wong, William, and Gurven, Michael

Subjects
Male, Female, United States, Humans, Health Expenditures, Exercise, Basal Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Obesity
Abstract

Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance1,2. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated3,4. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time. We use the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labelled Water database on energy expenditure of adults in the United States and Europe (n = 4,799) to explore patterns in total (TEE: n = 4,799), basal (BEE: n = 1,432) and physical activity energy expenditure (n = 1,432) over time. In males, adjusted BEE decreased significantly, but in females this did not reach significance. A larger dataset of basal metabolic rate (equivalent to BEE) measurements of 9,912 adults across 163 studies spanning 100 years replicates the decline in BEE in both sexes. We conclude that increasing obesity in the United States/Europe has probably not been fuelled by reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE. We identify here a decline in adjusted BEE as a previously unrecognized factor.

Published
2023

9. Decline in Isotope Dilution Space Ratio Above Age 60 Could Affect Energy Estimates Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method

Author

Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, Ainslie, Philip N, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Leonore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Casper, Regina, Close, Graeme L, Colbert, Lisa H, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai K, Davies, Peter SW, Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Entringer, Sonja, Fudge, Barry W, Gillingham, Melanie, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Micheal, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joosen, Annemiek, Katzmarzyk, Peter T, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Larsson, Christel L, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietilainen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto, Racette, Susan B, Raichen, David A, Redman, Leanne, Ravussin, Eric, Reilly, John J, Roberts, Susan, Scuitt, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Verbunt, Jeanine A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Pontzer, Herman, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Rood, Jennifer C, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, and Yamada, Yosuke

Published
2024
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10. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors

Author

Yamada, Yosuke, Zhang, Xueying, Henderson, Mary ET, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Pontzer, Herman, Watanabe, Daiki, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Kimura, Misaka, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Halsey, Lewis G, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kraus, William E, Kriengsinyos, Wantanee, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M, Reilly, John J, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sardinha, Luis B, Silva, Analiza M, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack A, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Miyachi, Motohiko, Schoeller, Dale A, Speakman, John R, and Consortium§, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database

Subjects
Prevention, Clean Water and Sanitation, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Exercise, Humidity, Life Style, Social Class, Water, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Child, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drinking, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Database Consortium§, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.

Published
2022

12. Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

Author

Halsey, Lewis G, Careau, Vincent, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Yamada, Yosuke, and Speakman, John R

Subjects
Obesity, Behavioral and Social Science, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adult, Aged, Aging, Animals, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Mammals, Reproduction, Sex Characteristics, DLW, Energetics, Activity, Trait variability, Biological sex, Evolutionary Biology, Anthropology, Archaeology
Abstract

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494 males and 3108 females) to investigate whether humans have evolved sex differences in the degree of interindividual variation in energy expenditure. We found that, even when statistically comparing males and females of the same age, height, and body composition, there is much more variation in total, activity, and basal energy expenditure among males. However, with aging, variation in total energy expenditure decreases, and because this happens more rapidly in males, the magnitude of greater male variation, though still large, is attenuated in older age groups. Considerably greater male variation in both total and activity energy expenditure could be explained by greater male variation in levels of daily activity. The considerably greater male variation in basal energy expenditure is remarkable and may be explained, at least in part, by greater male variation in the size of energy-demanding organs. If energy expenditure is a trait that is of indirect interest to females when choosing a sexual partner, this would suggest that energy expenditure is under sexual selection. However, we present a novel energetics model demonstrating that it is also possible that females have been under stabilizing selection pressure for an intermediate basal energy expenditure to maximize energy available for reproduction.

Published
2022

13. Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature

Author

Zhang, Xueying, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Blaak, Ellen E, Buchowski, Maciej S, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Gurven, Michael, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Leonard, William R, Martin, Corby K, Meijer, Erwin P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Racette, Susan B, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Sardinha, Luis B, Silva, Analiza M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wood, Brian M, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Pontzer, Herman, Speakman, John R, consortium, the IAEA DLW database, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Addo, Bedu, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Branth, Stefan, De Bruin, Niels C, Butte, Nancy F, Colbert, Lisa H, Camps, Stephan G, Dutman, Alice E, Eaton, Simon D, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Ebbeling, Cara, Elmståhl, Sölve, Fogelholm, Mikael, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Harris, Tamara, Heijligenberg, Rik, Goris, Annelies H, Hambly, Catherine, Hoos, Marije B, Jorgensen, Hans U, Joosen, Annemiek M, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kriengsinyos, Watanee, Lambert, Estelle V, Larsson, Christel L, Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S, McCloskey, Margaret, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Gerwin A, Matsiko, Eric, Melse-Boonstra, Alida, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Nicklas, Theresa A, Pannemans, Daphne L, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Philippaerts, Renaat M, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Reilly, John J, Rothenberg, Elisabet M, Schuit, Albertine J, Schulz, Sabine, and Sjödin, Anders M

Subjects
Nutrition, IAEA DLW database consortium, Human Physiology, Human activity in medical context, Human metabolism
Abstract

Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of Ta (-10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average Ta and TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass and age, statistically significant (p

Published
2022

14. International consensus on fasting terminology

Author

Koppold, Daniela A., Breinlinger, Carolin, Hanslian, Etienne, Kessler, Christian, Cramer, Holger, Khokhar, Anika Rajput, Peterson, Courtney M., Tinsley, Grant, Vernieri, Claudio, Bloomer, Richard J., Boschmann, Michael, Bragazzi, Nicola L., Brandhorst, Sebastian, Gabel, Kelsey, Goldhamer, Alan C., Grajower, Martin M., Harvie, Michelle, Heilbronn, Leonie, Horne, Benjamin D., Karras, Spyridon N., Langhorst, Jost, Lischka, Eva, Madeo, Frank, Mitchell, Sarah J., Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos, Ioannis-Eleemon, Papagiannopoulou, Maria, Pijl, Hanno, Ravussin, Eric, Ritzmann-Widderich, Martha, Varady, Krista, Adamidou, Lilian, Chihaoui, Melika, de Cabo, Rafael, Hassanein, Mohamed, Lessan, Nader, Longo, Valter, Manoogian, Emily N.C., Mattson, Mark P., Muhlestein, J. Brent, Panda, Satchidananda, Papadopoulou, Sousana K., Rodopaios, Nikolaos E., Stange, Rainer, and Michalsen, Andreas

Published
2024
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15. The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across rat tissues

Author

Adkins, Joshua N., Armenteros, Jose Juan Almagro, Amper, Mary Anne S., Bae, Dam, Bamman, Marcas, Bararpour, Nasim, Barnes, Jerry, Bergman, Bryan C., Bessesen, Daniel H., Broskey, Nicholas T., Buford, Thomas W., Carr, Steven, Chambers, Toby L., Chavez, Clarisa, Chiu, Roxanne, Clark, Natalie, Cutter, Gary, Evans, Charles R., Franczak, Edziu, Gagne, Nicole, Ge, Yongchao, Hennig, Krista M., Houmard, Joseph A., Huffman, Kim M., Hung, Chia-Jui, Hutchinson-Bunch, Chelsea, Ilkayeva, Olga, Jackson, Bailey E., Jankowski, Catherine M., Jin, Christopher A., Johannsen, Neil M., Katz, Daniel H., Keshishian, Hasmik, Kohrt, Wendy M., Kramer, Kyle S., Kraus, William E., Lester, Bridget, Li, Jun Z., Lira, Ana K., Lowe, Adam, Mani, D.R., Many, Gina M., May, Sandy, Melanson, Edward L., Moore, Samuel G., Moreau, Kerrie L., Musi, Nicolas, Nachun, Daniel, Nair, Venugopalan D., Newgard, Christopher, Nudelman, German, Piehowski, Paul D., Pincas, Hanna, Qian, Wei-Jun, Rankinen, Tuomo, Rasmussen, Blake B., Ravussin, Eric, Rooney, Jessica L., Rushing, Scott, Samdarshi, Mihir, Sanford, James A., Schauer, Irene E., Sealfon, Stuart C., Smith, Kevin S., Smith, Gregory R., Snyder, Michael, Stowe, Cynthia L., Talton, Jennifer W., Teng, Christopher, Thalacker-Mercer, Anna, Tracy, Russell, Trappe, Scott, Trappe, Todd A., Vasoya, Mital, Vetr, Nikolai G., Volpi, Elena, Walkup, Michael P., Wiel, Laurens, Wu, Si, Yan, Zhen, Yu, Jiye, Zaslavsky, Elena, Zebarjadi, Navid, Zhen, Jimmy, Amar, David, Gay, Nicole R., Jimenez-Morales, David, Jean Beltran, Pierre M., Ramaker, Megan E., Raja, Archana Natarajan, Zhao, Bingqing, Sun, Yifei, Marwaha, Shruti, Gaul, David A., Hershman, Steven G., Ferrasse, Alexis, Xia, Ashley, Lanza, Ian, Fernández, Facundo M., Montgomery, Stephen B., Hevener, Andrea L., Ashley, Euan A., Walsh, Martin J., Sparks, Lauren M., Burant, Charles F., Rector, R. Scott, Thyfault, John, Wheeler, Matthew T., Goodpaster, Bret H., Coen, Paul M., Schenk, Simon, Bodine, Sue C., and Lindholm, Malene E.

Published
2024
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16. Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Author

Rimbach, Rebecca, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Anderson, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, and Pontzer, Herman

Subjects
Nutrition, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Obesity, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Bayes Theorem, Body Composition, Child, Databases, Factual, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Isotope Labeling, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Water, Weight Gain, IAEA DLW Database Consortium
Abstract

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20-60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

Published
2022

17. Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

Author

Westerterp, Klaas R, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai K, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, Branth, Stefan, Colbert, Lisa H, De Bruin, Niels C, Dutman, Alice E, Elmståhl, Sölve, Fogelholm, Mikael, Harris, Tamara, Heijligenberg, Rik, Jorgensen, Hans U, Larsson, Christel L, Rothenberg, Elisabet M, McCloskey, Margaret, Meijer, Gerwin A, Pannemans, Daphne L, Schulz, Sabine, Van den Berg-Emons, Rita, Van Gemert, Wim G, and Wilhelmine, W

Subjects
Prevention, Aging, Clinical Research, Nutrition, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, physical activity level, age, energy expenditure, body composition, doubly labeled water, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics
Abstract

BackgroundPhysical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.ObjectivesA study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.ResultsPAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males

Published
2021

18. Energy compensation and adiposity in humans

Author

Careau, Vincent, Halsey, Lewis G, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Eaton, Simon D, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reilly, John J, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A, Wong, William W, Yamada, Yosuke, Speakman, John R, and group, the IAEA DLW database

Subjects
Nutrition, Obesity, Clinical Research, Oral and gastrointestinal, Stroke, Metabolic and endocrine, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adiposity, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Humans, IAEA DLW database group, Homo sapiens, activity, basal metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure, energy compensation, energy management models, exercise, trade-offs, weight loss, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is crucial. Increasing levels of activity may bring diminishing returns in energy expenditure because of compensatory responses in non-activity energy expenditures.1-3 This suggestion has profound implications for both the evolution of metabolism and human health. It implies that a long-term increase in activity does not directly translate into an increase in total energy expenditure (TEE) because other components of TEE may decrease in response-energy compensation. We used the largest dataset compiled on adult TEE and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (n = 1,754) of people living normal lives to find that energy compensation by a typical human averages 28% due to reduced BEE; this suggests that only 72% of the extra calories we burn from additional activity translates into extra calories burned that day. Moreover, the degree of energy compensation varied considerably between people of different body compositions. This association between compensation and adiposity could be due to among-individual differences in compensation: people who compensate more may be more likely to accumulate body fat. Alternatively, the process might occur within individuals: as we get fatter, our body might compensate more strongly for the calories burned during activity, making losing fat progressively more difficult. Determining the causality of the relationship between energy compensation and adiposity will be key to improving public health strategies regarding obesity.

Published
2021

19. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course

Author

Pontzer, Herman, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marjije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Teresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, and Consortium§, IAEA DLW Database

Subjects
Aging, Nutrition, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Young Adult, IAEA DLW Database Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure") reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years. Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults. These changes shed light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the life span.

Published
2021

21. A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies.

Author

Speakman, John R, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Berman, Elena SF, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Creasy, Seth A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ebbeling, Cara B, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Melanson, Edward L, Luke, Amy H, Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, and IAEA DLW database group

Subjects
IAEA DLW database group, doubly labeled water, free-living, total energy expenditure, validation
Abstract

The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (

Published
2021

23. What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice: Summary from a Pennington Scientific Symposium

Author

Qualls‐Creekmore, Emily, Marlatt, Kara L, Aarts, Esther, Bruce‐Keller, Annadora, Church, Tim S, Clément, Karine, Fisher, Jennifer O, Gordon‐Larsen, Penny, Morrison, Christopher D, Raybould, Helen E, Ryan, Donna H, Schauer, Philip R, Spector, Alan C, Spetter, Maartje S, Stuber, Garret D, Berthoud, Hans‐Rudolf, and Ravussin, Eric

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Prevention, Behavioral and Social Science, Obesity, Nutrition, Cancer, Stroke, Oral and gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular, Metabolic and endocrine, Exercise, Feeding Behavior, Food Preferences, Humans, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

This review details the proceedings of a Pennington Biomedical scientific symposium titled, "What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice." The symposium was designed to review the literature about energy homeostasis, particularly related to food choice and feeding behaviors, from psychology to physiology. This review discusses the intrinsic determinants of food choice, including biological mechanisms (genetics), peripheral and central signals, brain correlates, and the potential role of the microbiome. This review also address the extrinsic determinants (environment) of food choice within our physical and social environments. Finally, this review reports the current treatment practices for the clinical management of eating-induced overweight and obesity. An improved understanding of these determinants will inform best practices for the clinical treatment and prevention of obesity. Strategies paired with systemic shifts in our public health policies and changes in our "obesogenic" environment will be most effective at attenuating the obesity epidemic.

Published
2020

24. Ketogenic Diets Alter the Gut Microbiome Resulting in Decreased Intestinal Th17 Cells

Author

Ang, Qi Yan, Alexander, Margaret, Newman, John C, Tian, Yuan, Cai, Jingwei, Upadhyay, Vaibhav, Turnbaugh, Jessie A, Verdin, Eric, Hall, Kevin D, Leibel, Rudolph L, Ravussin, Eric, Rosenbaum, Michael, Patterson, Andrew D, and Turnbaugh, Peter J

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Complementary and Integrative Health, Digestive Diseases, Nutrition, Microbiome, Prevention, Oral and gastrointestinal, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Diet, High-Fat, Diet, Ketogenic, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Intestines, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microbiota, Middle Aged, Th17 Cells, Young Adult, Th17 cells, adipose tissue, bifidobacteria, intestinal immunity, ketogenic diet, ketone bodies, ketone ester, microbiome, β-hydroxybutyrate, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Very low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets (KDs) induce a pronounced shift in metabolic fuel utilization that elevates circulating ketone bodies; however, the consequences of these compounds for host-microbiome interactions remain unknown. Here, we show that KDs alter the human and mouse gut microbiota in a manner distinct from high-fat diets (HFDs). Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses of stool samples from an 8-week inpatient study revealed marked shifts in gut microbial community structure and function during the KD. Gradient diet experiments in mice confirmed the unique impact of KDs relative to HFDs with a reproducible depletion of bifidobacteria. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ketone bodies selectively inhibited bifidobacterial growth. Finally, mono-colonizations and human microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice revealed that the KD-associated gut microbiota reduces the levels of intestinal pro-inflammatory Th17 cells. Together, these results highlight the importance of trans-kingdom chemical dialogs for mediating the host response to dietary interventions.

Published
2020

25. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): Mapping the Dynamic Responses to Exercise

Author

Sanford, James A, Nogiec, Christopher D, Lindholm, Malene E, Adkins, Joshua N, Amar, David, Dasari, Surendra, Drugan, Jonelle K, Fernández, Facundo M, Radom-Aizik, Shlomit, Schenk, Simon, Snyder, Michael P, Tracy, Russell P, Vanderboom, Patrick, Trappe, Scott, Walsh, Martin J, Consortium, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity, Evans, Charles R, Fernandez, Facundo M, Li, Yafeng, Tomlinson, Lyl, Alekel, D Lee, Bekirov, Iddil, Boyce, Amanda T, Boyington, Josephine, Fleg, Jerome L, Joseph, Lyndon JO, Laughlin, Maren R, Maruvada, Padma, Morris, Stephanie A, McGowan, Joan A, Nierras, Concepcion, Pai, Vinay, Peterson, Charlotte, Ramos, Ed, Roary, Mary C, Williams, John P, Xia, Ashley, Cornell, Elaine, Rooney, Jessica, Miller, Michael E, Ambrosius, Walter T, Rushing, Scott, Stowe, Cynthia L, Rejeski, W Jack, Nicklas, Barbara J, Pahor, Marco, Lu, Ching-ju, Trappe, Todd, Chambers, Toby, Raue, Ulrika, Lester, Bridget, Bergman, Bryan C, Bessesen, David H, Jankowski, Catherine M, Kohrt, Wendy M, Melanson, Edward L, Moreau, Kerrie L, Schauer, Irene E, Schwartz, Robert S, Kraus, William E, Slentz, Cris A, Huffman, Kim M, Johnson, Johanna L, Willis, Leslie H, Kelly, Leslie, Houmard, Joseph A, Dubis, Gabriel, Broskey, Nick, Goodpaster, Bret H, Sparks, Lauren M, Coen, Paul M, Cooper, Dan M, Haddad, Fadia, Rankinen, Tuomo, Ravussin, Eric, Johannsen, Neil, Harris, Melissa, Jakicic, John M, Newman, Anne B, Forman, Daniel D, Kershaw, Erin, Rogers, Renee J, Nindl, Bradley C, Page, Lindsay C, Stefanovic-Racic, Maja, and Barr, Susan L

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Physical Activity, Cardiovascular, Behavioral and Social Science, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Child, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Research Design, Young Adult, Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Exercise provides a robust physiological stimulus that evokes cross-talk among multiple tissues that when repeated regularly (i.e., training) improves physiological capacity, benefits numerous organ systems, and decreases the risk for premature mortality. However, a gap remains in identifying the detailed molecular signals induced by exercise that benefits health and prevents disease. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) was established to address this gap and generate a molecular map of exercise. Preclinical and clinical studies will examine the systemic effects of endurance and resistance exercise across a range of ages and fitness levels by molecular probing of multiple tissues before and after acute and chronic exercise. From this multi-omic and bioinformatic analysis, a molecular map of exercise will be established. Altogether, MoTrPAC will provide a public database that is expected to enhance our understanding of the health benefits of exercise and to provide insight into how physical activity mitigates disease.

Published
2020

28. Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

Author

Halsey, Lewis G., Careau, Vincent, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N., Andersen, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bouten, Carlijn V.C., Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G.J.A., Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P., Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Lambert, Estelle V., Leonard, William R., Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K., Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Erwin P., Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Rabinovich, Roberto A., Racette, Susan B., Raichlen, David A., Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M., Roberts, Susan B., Schuit, Albertine J., Sjödin, Anders M., Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M., Van Mil, Edgar A., Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M., Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J., Loechl, Cornelia U., Luke, Amy H., Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A., Westerterp, Klaas R., Wong, William W., Yamada, Yosuke, and Speakman, John R.

Published
2022
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30. Licogliflozin for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a study

Author

Harrison, Stephen A., Manghi, Federico Perez, Smith, William B., Alpenidze, Diana, Aizenberg, Diego, Klarenbeek, Naomi, Chen, Chi-Yi, Zuckerman, Eli, Ravussin, Eric, Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai, Cheng, Pin-Nan, Katchman, Helena, Klein, Samuel, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Mendonza, Anisha E., Zhang, Yiming, Martic, Miljen, Ma, Shenglin, Kao, Sheena, Tanner, Sandra, Pachori, Alok, Badman, Michael K., He, YanLing, Ukomadu, Chinweike, and Sicard, Eric

Published
2022
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32. Shortened sleep duration impairs adipose tissue adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis in postmenopausal women.

Author

Singh, Prachi, Beyl, Robbie A., Stephens, Jacqueline M., Richard, Allison J., Boudreau, Anik, Caitlin Hebert, R., Noland, Robert C., Burk, David H., Ghosh, Sujoy, Staszkiewicz, Jaroslaw, Michael Salbaum, J., Broussard, Josiane L., St‐Onge, Marie‐Pierre, Ravussin, Eric, and Marlatt, Kara L.

Subjects
SLEEP duration, ADIPOSE tissues, POSTMENOPAUSE, RNA sequencing, CELL communication, LIPOLYSIS
Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the changes in adipose tissue lipolytic capacity and insulin signaling in response to shortened sleep duration (SSD) in postmenopausal women. Methods: Adipose tissue from a randomized crossover study of nine healthy postmenopausal women (mean [SD], age: 59 [4] years; BMI: 28.0 [2.6] kg/m2) exposed to four nights of habitual and SSD (60% of habitual sleep) while following a eucaloric diet was examined ex vivo. Tissue lipolytic capacity was determined by measurement of secreted glycerol. Cellular insulin signaling was determined by measuring insulin‐mediated changes in Akt phosphorylation. RNA sequencing examined global transcriptional changes. Results: With SSD, basal glycerol secretion was reduced, and isoproterenol‐stimulated lipolysis was attenuated. Insulin concentration‐dependent increases in phosphorylated Akt observed in samples after habitual sleep were abrogated after SSD. However, insulin‐mediated suppression of lipolysis remained unaltered with changes in sleep duration. Increased transcription of genes involved in adipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism was observed after SSD. Conclusions: SSD blunts adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis without altering insulin‐mediated suppression of lipolysis in postmenopausal women. These changes in adipose tissue may potentiate fat gain independent of caloric intake. Therefore, interventions promoting sleep may be considered to mitigate abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist‐based agents and weight loss composition: Filling the gaps.

Author

Dubin, Robert L., Heymsfield, Steven B., Ravussin, Eric, and Greenway, Frank L.

Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging, WEIGHT loss, TYPE 2 diabetes, MUSCLE mass, SKELETAL muscle
Abstract

Excess adiposity is at the root of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have emerged as first‐line treatments for T2D based on significant weight loss results. The composition of weight loss using most diets consists of <25% fat‐free mass (FFM) loss, with the remainder from fat stores. Higher amounts of weight loss (achieved with metabolic bariatric surgery) result in greater reductions in FFM. Our aim was to assess the impact that GLP‐1RA‐based treatments have on FFM. We analysed studies that reported changes in FFM with the following agents: exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, and the dual incretin receptor agonist tirzepatide. We performed an analysis of various weight loss interventions to provide a reference for expected changes in FFM. We evaluated studies using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measuring FFM (a crude surrogate for skeletal muscle). In evaluating the composition of weight loss, the percentage lost as fat‐free mass (%FFML) was equal to ΔFFM/total weight change. The %FFML using GLP‐1RA‐based agents was between 20% and 40%. In the 28 clinical trials evaluated, the proportion of FFM loss was highly variable, but the majority reported %FFML exceeding 25%. Our review was limited to small substudies and the use of DXA, which does not measure skeletal muscle mass directly. Since FFM contains a variable amount of muscle (approximately 55%), this indirect measure may explain the heterogeneity in the data. Assessing quantity and quality of skeletal muscle using advanced imaging (magnetic resonance imaging) with functional testing will help fill the gaps in our current understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Reduction of SPARC protects mice against NLRP3 inflammasome Activation and obesity

Author

Ryu, Seungjin, Spadaro, Olga, Sidorov, Sviatoslav, Lee, Aileen H., Caprio, Sonia, Morrison, Christopher, Smith, Steven R., Ravussin, Eric, Shchukina, Irina, Artyomov, Maxim N., Youm, Yun-Hee, and Dixit, Vishwa Deep

Subjects
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Scientific equipment and supplies industry, Obesity, Inflammation, Adipose tissues, Medical colleges, Macrophages, Health care industry
Abstract

The comprehensive assessment of long-term effects of reducing intake of energy (CALERIE-II; NCT00427193) clinical trial established that caloric restriction (CR) in humans lowers inflammation. The identity and mechanism of endogenous CR-mimetics that can be deployed to control obesity-associated inflammation and diseases are not well understood. Our studies have found that 2 years of 14% sustained CR in humans inhibits the expression of the matricellular protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), in adipose tissue. In mice, adipose tissue remodeling caused by weight loss through CR and low-protein diet feeding decreased, while high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity increased SPARC expression in adipose tissue. Inducible SPARC downregulation in adult mice mimicked CR's effects on lowering adiposity by regulating energy expenditure. Deletion of SPARC in adipocytes was sufficient to protect mice against HFD-induced adiposity, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, SPARC activates the NLRP3 inflammasome at the priming step and downregulation of SPARC lowers macrophage inflammation in adipose tissue, while excess SPARC activated macrophages via |NK signaling. Collectively, reduction of adipocyte- derived SPARC confers CR-like metabolic and antiinflammatory benefits in obesity by serving as an immunometabolic checkpoint of inflammation., Introduction Substantial research effort has been invested to identify the caloric restriction (CR) mimetics that can be deployed to enhance lifespan and health span (1). However, the longevity dividend produced [...]

Published
2023
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35. Effect of 12 wk of resistant starch supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Peterson, Courtney M, Beyl, Robbie A, Marlatt, Kara L, Martin, Corby K, Aryana, Kayanush J, Marco, Maria L, Martin, Roy J, Keenan, Michael J, and Ravussin, Eric

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Obesity, Diabetes, Clinical Research, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Prevention, Metabolic and endocrine, Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies, Double-Blind Method, Energy Metabolism, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Placebos, Prediabetic State, Resistant Starch, Risk Factors, Starch, prediabetes, resistant starch, glycemic control, intravenous glucose tolerance test, respiratory chamber, ectopic fat, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics, Clinical sciences, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract

BackgroundType 2 resistant starch (RS2) has been shown to improve glycemic control and some cardiovascular endpoints in rodent and human studies.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to perform one of the first randomized clinical trials in adults with prediabetes and one of the longest trials to test whether RS2 can improve cardiometabolic health.Design68 overweight [body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2] adults aged 35-75 y with prediabetes were randomized to consume 45 g/d of high-amylose maize (RS2) or an isocaloric amount of the rapidly digestible starch amylopectin (control) for 12 wk. At baseline and postintervention, ectopic fat depots (visceral adipose tissue, intrahepatic lipids, and intramyocellular lipids) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy, energy metabolism by respiratory chamber, and carbohydrate metabolism by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), an intravenous glucose tolerance test, and a meal tolerance test. Cardiovascular risk factors-serum lipids, blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α)-were also measured. The primary endpoints were insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, ectopic fat, and markers of inflammation. Data were primarily analyzed as treatment effects via a linear mixed model both with and without the addition of covariates.ResultsRelative to the control group, RS2 lowered HbA1c by a clinically insignificant 0.1 ± 0.2% (Δ = -1 ± 2 mmol/mol; P = 0.05) but did not affect insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, the disposition index, or glucose or insulin areas under the curve relative to baseline (P ≥ 0.23). RS2 decreased heart rate by 5 ± 9 beats/min (P = 0.02) and TNF-α concentrations by 2.1 ± 2.7 pg/mL (P = 0.004), relative to the control group. Ectopic fat, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and all other cardiovascular risk factors were unaffected (P ≥ 0.06).Conclusions12 wk of supplementation with resistant starch reduced the inflammatory marker TNF-α and heart rate, but it did not significantly improve glycemic control and other cardiovascular disease risk factors, in adults with prediabetes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01708694.

Published
2018

36. Role of resistant starch on diabetes risk factors in people with prediabetes: Design, conduct, and baseline results of the STARCH trial

Author

Marlatt, Kara L, White, Ursula A, Beyl, Robbie A, Peterson, Courtney M, Martin, Corby K, Marco, Maria L, Keenan, Michael J, Martin, Roy J, Aryana, Kayanush J, and Ravussin, Eric

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Nutrition, Diabetes, Digestive Diseases, Obesity, Prevention, Oral and gastrointestinal, Metabolic and endocrine, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Amylopectin, Amylose, Appetite, Behavior Therapy, Body Mass Index, Double-Blind Method, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Feces, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Inflammation Mediators, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Prediabetic State, Racial Groups, Risk Factors, Resistant starch, Microbiota, Prediabetes, Gut permeability, Insulin sensitivity, Energy metabolism, Medical and Health Sciences, General Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Dietary resistant starch (RS) might alter gastrointestinal tract function in a manner that improves human health, particularly among adults at risk for diabetes. Here, we report the design and baseline results (with emphasis on race differences) from the STARCH trial, the first comprehensive metabolic phenotyping of people with prediabetes enrolled in a randomized clinical trial testing the effect of RS on risk factors for diabetes. Overweight/obese participants (BMI≥27kg/m2 and weight≤143kg), age 35-75y, with confirmed prediabetes were eligible. Participants were randomized to consume 45g/day of RS (RS=amylose) or amylopectin (Control) for 12weeks. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of RS on insulin sensitivity and secretion, ectopic fat, and inflammatory markers. Secondary outcomes included energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, appetite, food intake, colonic microbial composition, fecal and plasma levels of short-chain fatty acids, fecal RS excretion, and gut permeability. Out of 280 individuals screened, 68 were randomized, 65 started the intervention, and 63 were analyzed at baseline (mean age 55y, BMI 35.6kg/m2); 2 were excluded from baseline analyses due to abnormal insulin and diabetes. Sex and race comparisons at baseline were reported. African-Americans had higher baseline acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg measured by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) compared to Caucasians, despite having less visceral adipose tissue mass and intrahepatic lipid; all other glycemic variables were similar between races. Sleep energy expenditure was ~90-100kcal/day lower in African-Americans after adjusting for insulin sensitivity and secretion. This manuscript provides an overview of the strategy used to enroll people with prediabetes into the STARCH trial and describes methodologies used in the assessment of risk factors for diabetes. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: STARCH (NCT01708694). The present study reference can be found here: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01708694. Submission Category: "Study Design, Statistical Design, Study Protocols".

Published
2018

39. Changes in energy expenditure and physical activity over 15 years of environmental changes: The Maycoba project.

Author

Niclou, Alexandra, Esparza‐Romero, Julián, Urquidez‐Romero, Rene, Lam, Yan Y., Rood, Jennifer, Schulz, Leslie O., Bennett, Peter H., Valencia, Mauro E., and Ravussin, Eric

Subjects
PHYSICAL activity, BODY composition, ADIPOSE tissues, WEIGHT gain, BODY weight
Abstract

Objective: This work aimed to parse out the role of changing environments on body composition, total energy expenditure, and physical activity in the Mexican Pima, a population experiencing rapid industrialization. Methods: Using doubly labeled water, we compared energy expenditure and physical activity in a longitudinal cohort of Mexican Pima (n = 26; female: 12) in 1995 and 2010. Body mass and composition were assessed by bioimpedance analysis. To determine the effects of environmental factors on body weight independent of age, we compared the 1995 longitudinal cohort with an age‐ and sex‐matched cross‐sectional cohort (n = 26) in 2010. Results: Body mass, fat mass, and fat‐free mass all significantly increased between 1995 and 2010. Despite a 13% average increase in body weight, weight‐adjusted total daily energy expenditure decreased significantly. Measured physical activity levels also decreased between 1995 and 2010, after we adjusted for weight. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the recent industrialization of the Maycoba region in Sonora, Mexico, has contributed to a decrease in physical activity, in turn contributing to weight gain and metabolic disease among the Mexican Pima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Energy Expenditure in Humans: Principles, Methods, and Changes Throughout the Life Course.

Author

Fernández-Verdejo, Rodrigo, Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo, and Ravussin, Eric

Subjects
ORGANS (Anatomy), FOOD consumption, BODY composition, ENERGY metabolism, METABOLISM, QUALITY of life, CALORIMETRY, HUMAN life cycle, RELAXATION for health, PHYSICAL activity, ACTIVE aging
Abstract

Humans require energy to sustain their daily activities throughout their lives. This narrative review aims to (a) summarize principles and methods for studying human energy expenditure, (b) discuss the main determinants of energy expenditure, and (c) discuss the changes in energy expenditure throughout the human life course. Total daily energy expenditure is mainly composed of resting energy expenditure, physical activity energy expenditure, and the thermic effect of food. Total daily energy expenditure and its components are estimated using variations of the indirect calorimetry method. The relative contributions of organs and tissues determine the energy expenditure under different physiological conditions. Evidence shows that energy expenditure varies along the human life course, at least in part due to changes in body composition, the mass and specific metabolic rates of organs and tissues, and levels of physical activity. This information is crucial to estimate human energy requirements for maintaining health throughout the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): Mapping the Dynamic Responses to Exercise

Author

Adkins, Joshua N., Amar, David, Dasari, Surendra, Drugan, Jonelle K., Evans, Charles R., Fernandez, Facundo M., Li, Yafeng, Lindholm, Malene E., Nogiec, Christopher D., Radom-Aizik, Shlomit, Sanford, James A., Schenk, Simon, Snyder, Michael P., Tomlinson, Lyl, Tracy, Russell P., Trappe, Scott, Vanderboom, Patrick, Walsh, Martin J., Lee Alekel, D., Bekirov, Iddil, Boyce, Amanda T., Boyington, Josephine, Fleg, Jerome L., Joseph, Lyndon J.O., Laughlin, Maren R., Maruvada, Padma, Morris, Stephanie A., McGowan, Joan A., Nierras, Concepcion, Pai, Vinay, Peterson, Charlotte, Ramos, Ed, Roary, Mary C., Williams, John P., Xia, Ashley, Cornell, Elaine, Rooney, Jessica, Miller, Michael E., Ambrosius, Walter T., Rushing, Scott, Stowe, Cynthia L., Jack Rejeski, W., Nicklas, Barbara J., Pahor, Marco, Lu, Ching-ju, Trappe, Todd, Chambers, Toby, Raue, Ulrika, Lester, Bridget, Bergman, Bryan C., Bessesen, David H., Jankowski, Catherine M., Kohrt, Wendy M., Melanson, Edward L., Moreau, Kerrie L., Schauer, Irene E., Schwartz, Robert S., Kraus, William E., Slentz, Cris A., Huffman, Kim M., Johnson, Johanna L., Willis, Leslie H., Kelly, Leslie, Houmard, Joseph A., Dubis, Gabriel, Broskey, Nick, Goodpaster, Bret H., Sparks, Lauren M., Coen, Paul M., Cooper, Dan M., Haddad, Fadia, Rankinen, Tuomo, Ravussin, Eric, Johannsen, Neil, Harris, Melissa, Jakicic, John M., Newman, Anne B., Forman, Daniel D., Kershaw, Erin, Rogers, Renee J., Nindl, Bradley C., Page, Lindsay C., Stefanovic-Racic, Maja, Barr, Susan L., Rasmussen, Blake B., Moro, Tatiana, Paddon-Jones, Doug, Volpi, Elena, Spratt, Heidi, Musi, Nicolas, Espinoza, Sara, Patel, Darpan, Serra, Monica, Gelfond, Jonathan, Burns, Aisling, Bamman, Marcas M., Buford, Thomas W., Cutter, Gary R., Bodine, Sue C., Esser, Karyn, Farrar, Rodger P., Goodyear, Laurie J., Hirshman, Michael F., Albertson, Brent G., Qian, Wei-Jun, Piehowski, Paul, Gritsenko, Marina A., Monore, Matthew E., Petyuk, Vladislav A., McDermott, Jason E., Hansen, Joshua N., Hutchison, Chelsea, Moore, Samuel, Gaul, David A., Clish, Clary B., Avila-Pacheco, Julian, Dennis, Courtney, Kellis, Manolis, Carr, Steve, Jean-Beltran, Pierre M., Keshishian, Hasmik, Mani, D.R., Clauser, Karl, Krug, Karsten, Mundorff, Charlie, Pearce, Cadence, Ivanova, Anna A., Ortlund, Eric A., Maner-Smith, Kristal, Uppal, Karan, Zhang, Tiantian, Sealfon, Stuart C., Zaslavsky, Elena, Nair, Venugopalan, Li, SiDe, Jain, Nimisha, Ge, YongChao, Sun, Yifei, Nudelman, German, Ruf-zamojski, Frederique, Smith, Gregory, Pincas, Nhanna, Rubenstein, Aliza, Anne Amper, Mary, Seenarine, Nitish, Lappalainen, Tuuli, Lanza, Ian R., Sreekumaran Nair, K., Klaus, Katherine, Montgomery, Stephen B., Smith, Kevin S., Gay, Nicole R., Zhao, Bingqing, Hung, Chia-Jiu, Zebarjadi, Navid, Balliu, Brunilda, Fresard, Laure, Burant, Charles F., Li, Jun Z., Kachman, Maureen, Soni, Tanu, Raskind, Alexander B., Gerszten, Robert, Robbins, Jeremy, Ilkayeva, Olga, Muehlbauer, Michael J., Newgard, Christopher B., Ashley, Euan A., Wheeler, Matthew T., Jimenez-Morales, David, Raja, Archana, Dalton, Karen P., Zhen, Jimmy, Suk Kim, Young, Christle, Jeffrey W., Marwaha, Shruti, Chin, Elizabeth T., Hershman, Steven G., Hastie, Trevor, Tibshirani, Robert, Rivas, Manuel A., and Fernández, Facundo M.

Published
2020
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45. Impact of Different Fecal Processing Methods on Assessments of Bacterial Diversity in the Human Intestine

Author

Hsieh, Yu-Hsin, Peterson, Courtney M, Raggio, Anne, Keenan, Michael J, Martin, Roy J, Ravussin, Eric, and Marco, Maria L

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Digestive Diseases, Clinical Research, 16S rRNA, Faecalibacterium, feces/specimen processing method, human intestinal microbiota, fiber, obesity, diet, Environmental Science and Management, Soil Sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

The intestinal microbiota are integral to understanding the relationships between nutrition and health. Therefore, fecal sampling and processing protocols for metagenomic surveys should be sufficiently robust, accurate, and reliable to identify the microorganisms present. We investigated the use of different fecal preparation methods on the bacterial community structures identified in human stools. Complete stools were collected from six healthy individuals and processed according to the following methods: (i) randomly sampled fresh stool, (ii) fresh stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, (iii) randomly sampled frozen stool, and (iv) frozen stool homogenized in a blender for 2 min, or (v) homogenized in a pneumatic mixer for either 10, 20, or 30 min. High-throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 regions of bacterial community DNA extracted from the stools showed that the fecal microbiota remained distinct between individuals, independent of processing method. Moreover, the different stool preparation approaches did not alter intra-individual bacterial diversity. Distinctions were found at the level of individual taxa, however. Stools that were frozen and then homogenized tended to have higher proportions of Faecalibacterium, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium and decreased quantities of Oscillospira, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides compared to stools that were collected in small quantities and not mixed prior to DNA extraction. These findings indicate that certain taxa are at particular risk for under or over sampling due to protocol differences. Importantly, homogenization by any method significantly reduced the intra-individual variation in bacteria detected per stool. Our results confirm the robustness of fecal homogenization for microbial analyses and underscore the value of collecting and mixing large stool sample quantities in human nutrition intervention studies.

Published
2016

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