Search

Objective: To compare mean peri-implant Marginal Bone Loss in patients receiving dental implants with micro-threaded collars with those receiving dental implants with machined collars. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Prosthodontics Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Aug 2022. Methodology: Marginal bone loss surrounding dental implants was evaluated by measuring peri-implant bone levels at the time of placement (T0), and at 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) after placement. Bone level around implant was measured from the top of dental implant to the first point of contact between the marginal bone and implant body with the help of digital peri apical radiograph (Care stream RVG 6500) with built in software measuring tool (Dental Imaging Software 6.14.0). Results: A total of 80 implants were placed in which 40 were with rough micro-threaded collar (Group-A) and 40 were with smooth machined collar (Group-B). Out of 80 patients, 51(63.75%) were males and 29(36.25%) were females. Mean and SD of age in years was 40.52±11.75 years. Highest bone loss was at T2 in machined collar implant i.e. 0.72±0.04 mm, and lowest bone loss at T2 in micro-threaded collar implant i.e. 0.54±0.04 mm. A statistically significant difference was found between MBL in machined and micro-threaded implants at T2 (p-0.001). Conclusion: Marginal bone loss around rough-surfaced micro-threaded collar implants was significantly lower than machined collar implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the perception of dental students regarding online classes during COVID-19. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Various institutes of Pakistan, from Jun 2020 to Jun 2020. Methodology: The study was conducted amongst the dental students of various institutes of Pakistan. Both male and females students from all four academic years were included. Sample was collected by distributing an online well-structured and validated questionnaire through different social media platforms and by sending the survey link in Electronic-mails. SPSS version-25 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Majority of the participants, 191 (42.4%) were from 18-20 years of age. 269 (59.8%) preferred synchronous teaching method. Most of the participants responded negatively when asked about the improvement of clinical skills from online classes, 315 (70%) disagreed/strongly disagreed. Though most had a positive response towards interaction with teachers 69 (15.3%) and 150 (33.3%) responding strongly agreed and agreed. 294 (65.3%) were in favor of conventional/traditional learning and 270 (60%) were not confident enough to sit in the exam after the online interactive classes. Lastly, 200 (44.5%) participants suggested agreement towards hybrid learning system for the future. Conclusion: It is concluded that a hybrid type of teaching should be incorporated in the future to make the teaching and learning process for both the teachers and the students more favorable and easier. Furthermore, continuation of online teaching as a part of hybrid teaching will keep the students accustomed with it and help in improving the quality of online teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine efficacy of celecoxib (selective cyclooxygenase - II non steroidal anti inflammatory drug) versus naproxen (non selective cyclooxygenase – I & II non steroidal anti inflammatory drug) for post endodontic pain. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was executed at Department of Operative Dentistry, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID), from Apr 2017 to Apr 2018. Methodology: Total 961 patients (group A Celecoxib n=482 and group B Naproxen n=479) requiring root canal therapy were selected. The patient’s record regarding his pain perception using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 hours after root canal therapy was recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate mean ± SD. for age and pain, before the procedure and after 6 hours of procedure in each groups. Results: Total 961 patients were enrolled for the subject study out of which celecoxib group constituted 482 (50.1%) and naproxen group constituted 479 (49.8%) of total. 244 (50.6%) patients in group A (Celecoxib) exhibited adequate pain relief with no gastric discomfort and side effects whereas 195 (40.7%) patients had satisfactory pain relief in group B (Naproxen), however experienced gastric side effects such as nausea and dyspepsia. Conclusion: Celecoxib was found to be more effective in post – endodontic pain with minimal gastric symptoms, when compared to Naproxen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare cone beam computed tomography and ridge mapping in measuring alveolar ridge bone width prior to dental implant placement. Study Design: An observational comparative study. Place and Duration: Prosthodontics Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi from 1st Aug 2016 to 31st July 2017. Methodology: For this study, partially dentate patients that required dental implant supported prosthesis for the replacement of their missing teeth were selected. Vacuum formed radiographic templates with reference points were used for the evaluation of alveolar ridge bone width measurements at specific points (Crestal, Buccal and Lingual side) with Ridge mapping and Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Alveolar ridge bone width's measurement acquired from both the methods was then compared. Results: Out of the total 100 participants, 51% were females and 49% were males with mean age 33.86+7.857. No statistically significant differences were found in measurements of the alveolar ridge width obtained with Ridge mapping and Cone Beam Computed Tomography; p value of 0.924 and 0.967 respectively were found to be non-significant. Conclusion: Both techniques showed convincing and similar measurements so either of the technique can be used to measure pre surgical alveolar ridge dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effect of Ledermix paste and Calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament on the mean postoperative pain after instrumentation of the root canals. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: A total of 256 patients (128 patients in each group) were included in the study. Cases were divided into two groups i.e., group-A and group-B randomly based on lottery method dressed with Ledermix paste and Calcium hydroxide respectively. Access cavity was sealed with cavit, each patient was given an evaluation sheet and visual analogue pain scale was explained. Results: Mean age of the patients was 27.45 ± 7.52 and 26.77 ± 7.32 years in group-A and B, respectively. In group-A 80 patients (62.5%) and in group-B 63 patients (49.2%) were males while 48 patients (37.5%) from group-A and 65 patients (50.8%) from group-B were females. Comparison of mean pain score after 72 hours shown statistically significant difference between group-A and group-B (1.90 ± 1.52 vs. 3.47 ± 2.16) with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide was found inferior to ledermix treatment in controlling the postoperative pain after instrumentation of the root canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of polymethylvinylether-maleic anhydride (PVM-MA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CC) based denture adhesives. A Randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry over a period of 06 months. Sixty edentulous patients reporting to the department of Prosthodontics, were divided randomly into two groups. New complete dentures were fabricated for each patient. Patients in control group were prescribed Bony Plus Superior® (PVM-MA based denture adhesive) and patients in experimental group were prescribed Fittydent® (Carboxymethylcellulose based denture adhesive) for two weeks. After two weeks, patients in each group were recalled. Efficiency of the denture adhesives was assessed in terms of retention, ability to chew, duration of effectiveness and improvement in speech and responses entered in the questionnaire. The mean ± SD was recorded as 62.72 ± 6.44. No significant difference between efficiency of both groups, the PVM-MA based (Control Group) and CC based (Experimental Group) denture adhesive, was observed. (p = 0.524). Within the limitations of this study, no significant difference was found between the efficiency of both denture adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the dimensions of full coverage restorations that are recommended in literature with those being delivered by the laboratories at multiple tertiary care dental institutes. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Three tertiary care institute laboratories in Rawalpindi/Islamabad region, from October to December 2015. Material and Methods: The thickness of functional and non-functional cusps for both complete cast and metal ceramic crowns fabricated in the dental laboratories of multiple teaching hospitals were measured using Iwanson gauge. Data was recorded in specially made pro forma and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The thickness of functional cusps of both cast metal and metal ceramic crown were of less than ideal thickness where as non functional cusp of cast metal crown was bulbous. Conclusion: There is a significant variance in the dimension of metal and metal ceramic crowns fabricated in the laboratories than the dimensions recommended in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the perceived barriers to oral health care for persons with disabilities living in Islamabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at general community organizations in Islamabad providing services to Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) from Jan 2013 to Jun 2013 over a period of 6 months. Material and Methods: A total of 500 persons with disability who were dependent on someone to reach dental facilities were included in the study while those who were not dependent on someone were excluded from the study. A 12-item self-administered questionnaire was used. Patient's demographic data, type of disability and barriers to oral health care were recorded. Finally data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 400 respondents the most common disability was physical impairment (33.25%) followed by visual impairment (20.75%) and polio (14.75%). The major barriers to oral health care were transportation difficulty (48%) followed by high cost of dental treatment (39.5%) and inability to sit on dental chair /co-operate with dentist (31.25%). Conclusion: Significant barriers exist that limit the access to dental care for Person with Disabilities (PWDs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of teeth significantly impairs oral functions and masticatory efficiency. Due to lack of awareness about importance of prosthodontic replacement, mostly patients do not seek treatment immediately after tooth loss. Patients with different educational and socioeconomic background may have different reasons for not replacing teeth after extraction such as financial issues, lack of time and lack of motivation. The objective of this study was to determine the awareness level about prosthodontic treatment for missing natural teeth among patients seen at prosthodontic department of AFID in Rawalpindi. The study was carried out on 137 subjects over a period of almost six months. Based on the criteria of awareness defined in methodology, 19 patients (13.9%) had low awareness level, 89 (65%) had medium awareness level and 29 (21.2%) had high level of awareness. There was significant association of awareness level with gender (p=0.009), education (p=0.00) and occupation (p=0.001). It was concluded that patients visiting AFID have medium level of awareness about prosthodontic treatment options. Dentists were the most common source of information for the patients in terms of education about different treatment options available to replace the missing teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the factors responsible for and the effectiveness of career counselling on postgraduation preferences. Study Design: Sequential mixed method study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College and Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi Pakistan. Method: Data was collected by means of a questionnaire. In which questions were asked under different themes. All those participating in the survey were being delivered a series of 2 lectures on career counselling, with 1 week gap between the lectures. After that the same questionnaire, containing some additional questions, were filled up by the participants. Results: A total of 100 students/ house officers participated in this study. Eighty eight percent had knowledge about post-graduation programs in dentistry. McNemar's test showed that difference in choice of postgraduation was not significant (p=0.458). Marginal homogeneity test used for the 1st option of postgraduation before and after counselling session was statistically significant (p=0.046). Factors affecting the choice of specialty were better chances of getting job 62% (n=62), better chances of earning 84% (n=84) and would be less hectic 71% (n=71) and 78% (n=78) were passionate regarding the choice of specialty. Marginal homogeneity test applied for 1st choice of institution for post-graduation was statistically significant. Fifty nine percent (n=59) participants described low income and no stipend as a major barrier for post-graduation. Ninety two percent (n=92) of participants described that the career counselling session has increased their knowledge and broadened their horizon. Conclusion: Career counselling made statistically significant difference in the choice of specialty before and after the session and it was very effective for participants in selecting their preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of postoperative pain after cleaning and shaping of root canals using chlorhexidine irrigant for debridement.Study designwasRandomized Controlled Trial. The study was conducted in Operative Dentistry Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi from October 2013 to October 2014 over a period of 12 months. A total of 220 patients with mandibular first premolar teeth having symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were divided into two equal groups. Group A patients were treated with 2% Chlorhexidine solution and Group B patients were treated with normal saline solution, that is, Control Group. Patient's pain response was recorded immediately after procedure and after 6 hours of treatment, using Visual Analogue Scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The studied subjects were 220 with mean age 32.84 (SD +8.836). Each Group had 110 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the gender of the patients among both groups.Mild pain immediately after treatment was noted in 54.1% (n=119) of patients whereas 45.9% (n=101) patients had moderate pain. Mild pain after 6 hours of treatment was noted in 76.4% (n=168) of patients and 23.6% (n=52) had moderate pain. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that the use of 2% Chlorhexidine solution did not had significant effect on the reduction of post-operative pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the alginate impression material produces a dimensionally accurate casts when pouring gypsum product into the impression is delayed for 1 hour or 2 hours by using specified storage conditions compared to immediate pouring. A Randomized Control Trial (in vitro experiment) was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry over a duration of 03 months. Ninety impressions were made of a stainless steel die and were randomly divided into three groups. The 30 control group impressions were poured only after rinsing with tap water, whereas the 30 experimental group-A impressions were poured after 01 hours and 30 experimental Group-B impressions were poured after 02 hours. The dimensional change in the diameter and height of the raised column and the distance between two lines were measured in the casts of all groups. Using "Independent Samples Kruskal Wallis Test" there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean dimensional change (that is, Height and diameter of the raised column as well as distance between the two lines on the raised column) between 3 pouring times, that is, immediate pouring, delayed pouring after 1 hour and 2 hours. A Post-Hoc test showed that the mean dimensional changes were statistically significantly lower for delayed pouring after 1 hour and 2 hours from original die compared to immediate pouring (p<0.05). The dimensional accuracy of casts produced from alginate impression materials is time dependent. Even under specified storage conditions there was statistically significant difference in the dimensional change after 1 hour and 2 hours delay in pouring. Research is needed to compare the dimensional stability among different brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the pattern of acquired postsurgical unilateral maxillary defects (Aramany Class I) for Prosthodontics rehabilitation in patients at AFID. A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry from August 2014 to March 2015. A total of 65 acquired unilateral postsurgical maxillary defect patients referred from Oral & Maxillofacial surgery department, with an age ranging between 25-70 years. Only Aramany Class I post-surgical defect patients were included in this study. Out of 65 patients 34 were male and 31 were female. The mean age of patients was 41+6.921 SD. Almost all of the patients 98.46% (n=64) belonged to a poor socioeconomic status. 81.5% (n=53) of the unilateral maxillary defect were on the left side where as 18.5% (n=12) were on the right side. Chi square test used to determine the association of gender with pattern of maxillectomy was not significant (p=0.859). Logistic regressions wald test used to determine the association of age with maxillary defect was significant (p=0.000). Within the limitations of this study, the pattern of Aramany Class I post-surgical defect was more prevalent on the left side as compared to the right side and most of the patients belonged to poor socioeconomic status irrespective of the age of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean oral stereognostic score of completely edentulous patients. Study design was Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. The study was conducted in Prosthodontic Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi from May 2017 to October 2017 over a period of 06 months. A total of 30 patients between age of 45-75 years were selected. Oral stereognostic ability (OSA) scores were recorded using OSA intra oral tools and noted down on the performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Total of n=30 patients were selected out of which 56.7% (n=17) were males and 43.3% (n=13) were females. The mean + SD age of patients were 61.93 + 7.329 years. Out of these 30 patients 56.7% (n=17) were diabetic whereas 43.3% (n=13) were non-diabetic. The Mean + SD of period of Edentulism of patients was 5 + 1.965 years. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that the oral stereognostic scores of patients were high resulting in a poor stereognostic ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the level of awareness towards orthodontic treatment among parents and teachers of middle school children., Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2021 to May 2022 in the middle schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pak istan, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Foundation University College of Dentistry and Hospital, Foundation University, Islamabad. Those included were middle school teachers and parents of students studying in middle schools. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire that had 6 demographic and 5 sur vey ques tions. The fo rm was digiti zed for easy dissemination a mong parents. Data was analysed us ing SPSS 23., Results: Of the 240 subjects, 120(50%) each were parents and teachers. Overall, there were 165(68.75%) females and 75(31.25%) males. Level of education and professional exposure were not significantly different between teachers and parents (p>0.05). There was no difference in the level of education and professional work experience between th e parents and teacher (p>0.05). Teachers showed a higher level of awaren ess than parents towards the role of orthodontist in tooth alignment (p=0.013), associated habits with malalignment of teeth (p=0.003), and that the most appropriate age for tre atment wa s 10-15 years (p≤0.0 01). Teach ers were more likely of the opinion tha t facial disharmony is treatable than parents (odds ratio: 1.599, 95% confidence interval: 0.572-4.467)., Conclusions: Teachers showed a higher level of awareness than parents regarding orthodontic treatment of children.