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The lower lignin content in plants species with energy potential results in easier cellulose breakdown, making glucose available for ethanol generation. However, higher lignin levels can increase resistance to insect attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of a bmr-6 biomass sorghum (a mutant genotype with a lower concentration of lignin) to important pests of energy sorghum, Diatraea saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate the development of these pests on the biomass sorghum bmr hybrids BR007, BR008, and TX635 and their respective conventional near-isogenic genotypes (without the bmr gene). The lignin content was higher in non-bmr hybrids, but the evaluated insect variables varied between treatments, not being consistent in just one hybrid or because it is bmr or not. The lowest survival of S. frugiperda was observed in the BR008 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr. The S. frugiperda injury scores on plants in the greenhouse were high (>7) in all treatments. For D. saccharalis, there was no difference in larval survival in the laboratory, but in the greenhouse, the BR007 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr, provided greater survival. Due the need to diversify the energy matrix and the fact that greater susceptibility of the bmr hybrids to either pests was not found in this study, these results hold promise for cultivation of these biomass sorghum hybrids for the production of biofuels. Resumo O menor teor de lignina em espécies de plantas com potencial energético resulta na maior facilidade de quebra da celulose, disponibilizando glicose para geração de etanol. Porém, maiores teores de lignina representa um fator de resistência ao ataque de insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar como importantes pragas do sorgo energia, Diatraea saccharalis e Spodoptera frugiperda, se comportam quanto à alimentação e desempenho em sorgo bmr-6, um genótipo mutante com menor concentração de lignina. Foram realizados experimentos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, avaliando o desenvolvimento destas pragas nos híbridos de sorgo biomassa bmr 007, 008, TX635 e seus respectivos genótipos isogênicos convencionais (sem o gene bmr). O teor de lignina foi maior nos híbridos não bmr, mas nos parâmetros avaliados nos insetos, houve variação entre os tratamentos, não sendo consistente em apenas um híbrido e nem por ser ou não bmr. A menor sobrevivência de S. frugiperda foi verificada no híbrido BR008 tanto bmr quanto não bmr. As notas de injúria por S. frugiperda no sorgo em casa de vegetação foram altas (>7) em todos os tratamentos. Para D. saccharalis, não houve diferença significativa para a sobrevivência larval em laboratório, mas em casa de vegetação o híbrido BR007 tanto bmr quanto não bmr proporcionaram maior sobrevivência. Diante da necessidade de diversificar a matriz energética e o fato de que não foi comprovada neste estudo maior suscetibilidade dos híbridos bmr a ambas as pragas, estes resultados são promissores para o cultivo desses híbridos de sorgo biomassa para produção de biocombustíveis.

Sorghum is a crop of great interest in animal feed in semiarid regions. The environment and nitrogen fertilization can influence its productive potential and nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate sorghum biomass genotypes associated or not with Azospirillum brasilense managed at different sowing sites on the yield and nutritional value of silage. We evaluated 3 sorghum genotypes combined with 3 fertilization strategies using urea, Azospirillum brasilense and the urea/A brasilense combination in two planting sites (Janaúba, MG, and Montes Claros, MG). A randomized block design was carried out in a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of 3 genotypes, 3 fertilization strategies and 2 sowing sites. Azospirillum brasilense foliar spraying was carried out using a costal (Backpack) atomizer and for silage production, PVC silos with weight and length of 50 cm and 10 cm in diameter were used. There was no triple interaction between the studied variables. There were differences between genotypes and between sites for agronomic traits.Statistical differences were detected between genotypes and sites for chemical composition, and sorghum forage on digestibility evaluations. The region of Montes Claros has greater forage production and the region of Janaúba has better quality of silage. Biomass sorghum genotypes have higher forage production and the Volumax genotype has better silage quality. RESUMO - O sorgo é uma cultura de grande interesse na alimentação animal em regiões semiáridas. O ambiente e a adubação nitrogenada podem influenciar seu potencial produtivo e qualidade nutricional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar genótipos de biomassa de sorgo associados ou não ao Azospirillum brasilense manejados em diferentes locais de semeadura sobre a produtividade e valor nutricional da silagem. Foram avaliados três genótipos de sorgo associados e três estratégias de adubação utilizando ureia, Azospirillum brasilense e a associação ureia/A. brasilense em dois locais de plantio (Janaúba, MG e Montes Claros, MG). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 2, com 3 genótipos, 3 estratégias de adubação e 2 locais de semeadura. A pulverização foliar de Azospirillum brasilense foi feita com o auxílio de um atomizador costal e para a produção de silagem foram utilizados silos de PVC com peso conhecido e comprimento de 50 cm e 10 cm de diâmetro. Não houve interação tripla entre as variáveis estudadas. Houve diferenças entre genótipos e entre locais para características agronômicas. Também foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os genótipos e locais estudados para a composição química e forrageira de sorgo nas avaliações de digestibilidade. A região de Montes Claros possui maior produção de forragem e a região de Janaúba possui melhor qualidade de silagem. Os genótipos de sorgo biomassa apresentam maior produção de forragem e o genótipo Volumax apresenta melhor qualidade de silagem. Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-09T11:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yield-and-nutritional-value-of-sorghum.pdf: 365529 bytes, checksum: bdb8c33e2072bcb9e2a8f260ac8abc2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The dissection of genotype×environment interaction (GEI) is a crucial aspect ofthe final stages of plant breeding pipelines and recommendation of cultivars. Linear-bilinear models used to analyze this interaction, such as the additive main effectsand multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype plus GEI (GGE), often assumehomogeneity of the residual variances across environments which affects the esti-mates and therefore, interpretations and conclusions. Our main objective was topropose a GGE model that considers heteroscedasticity across environments usingBayesian inference and to evaluate its implications in the interpretation of real andsimulated data. The GGE model assuming common variance was also fitted for com-parison purposes. The great flexibility of the Bayesian inference is transferred to thebiplots, allowing the construction of credible regions for genotypic and environmen-tal scores. The inference on the stability and adaptability of genotypes might changewhen heteroscedasticity is ignored. When real data are used, different patterns of cor-relations between environments also affect the representativeness and discriminationof the target environment. The modeling of heteroscedasticity allowed the clusteringof environments into subgroups, with similar effects for GEI. The proposed GGEmodel was more adequate and realistic to deal with scenarios of heterogeneous vari-ance in multienvironment trials, which can be useful for exploiting the GEI. Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-15T10:20:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bayesian-GGE-model-for-heteroscedastic.pdf: 1566134 bytes, checksum: 9a92f40f01c5473a8bf5e66ffd72b7e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Sweet sorghum is a special purpose sorghum with a sugar-rich stalk, almost like sugarcane. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenotypic stability and adaptability of sweet sorghum genotypes, in different Brazilian regions, for the production of bioethanol. Twenty-five sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated in 10 environments distributed in the Southeast, Midwest, Northeast, and Southern regions of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The following agroindustrial traits were evaluated: fresh biomass yield (FBY), total soluble solids content (TSS) and tons of Brix per hectare (TBH). The adaptability and stability analyzes were performed with the methods GGEbiplot and Annicchiarico methodologies. The Annicchiarico and GGEbiplot adaptability and stability study methods presented satisfactory and consistent results and can be used separately or together in sweet sorghum breeding programs, and B005 and B008 sweet sorghum genotypes presented superior performance, with similar classification in both methods studied. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-12T02:16:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Phenotypic-stability.pdf: 1135726 bytes, checksum: 83244d6f62e2ea4eebea4d4b1283a06e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study proposes a screen of variables that have an influence on the modification of the bio-oil chemical composition as a unique critical quality attribute (CQA) throughout the pyrolytic process (zeolite, ZSM-5) by using a 24 full factorial design, followed by optimization through a response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) involving samples of biomass sorghum BRS716 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). The pyrolysis of pure biomasses and the biomass impregnated with the catalyst was carried out in a vertical bench furnace at 500 °C. Screening design involved factor variation in two levels (?1 and +1) of four variables as critical process parameters (CPPs) such as furnace heating rate (°C min?1), nitrogen flow (mL min?1), amount of biomass (g), and catalyst (% m/m), leading to obtaining bio-oil. Thus, it was possible to create a response surface from these two variables (biomass and catalyst), in which a minimum critical point was reached. The production of a bio-oil rich in hydrocarbon compounds is possible, but a large amount of catalyst was required. Two analytical techniques based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, provided additional information to fully characterize bio-oil chemical composition. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-14T12:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Study-of-catalytic-pyrolysis-of-biomass-sorghum.pdf: 1026662 bytes, checksum: 4e81112543db9e2549618d95670922d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 First online.

This study evaluated sorghum cultivars? agronomic performance and ensilability with different purpose. The experiment was conducted in Sinop/MT in the 2020 growing season. Eight experimental hybrids from Embrapa (forages 15F30005 and 15F30006, sweet CMSXS 5027, 5030, 5043, and 5045, and biomass 2019B008 and CMSXS 7501), and seven commercial hybrids (forages BRS 658, BRS 659, Volumax, BRS Ponta Negra, the sweet BRS 511, and biomass BRS 716 and AGRI-002E) were planted in a randomized block design, with 15 treatments and three replicates. The highest yields in green matter belonged to the group formed by BRS 716 and CMSXS 5043, with an average of 101.9 Mg ha-1. The group with the highest dry matter productivity was formed by the cultivars AGRI-002E and BRS 716, with a 28.77 Mg ha-1 average. BRS 716, AGRI-002E, BRS 658, and 659 showed higher dry matter contents (DM), with 297.7 g kg-1 of DM. For buffering capacity, BRS 511 had the lowest value, with 16.2 g kg-1 DM. BRS 511 and CMSXS 5030 presented the highest average, 391.7 g kg-1 DM for water soluble carbohydrates. All genotypes showed potential to be ensiled and produce silages with a good fermentation pattern. RESUMO - Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a ensilabilidade de cultivares de sorgo com diferentes aptidões. O experimento foi conduzido em Sinop/MT, com plantio na Safra 2020. Oito híbridos experimentais da Embrapa (os forrageiros 15F30005 e 15F30006, os sacarinos CMSXS 5027, 5030, 5043 e 5045 e os biomassa 2019B008 e CMSXS 7501) e sete comerciais (os forrageiros BRS 658, BRS 659, Volumax, BRS Ponta Negra, o sacarino BRS 511, e os biomassas BRS 716 e AGRI-002E) foram plantados em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 15 tratamentos e três repetições. As maiores produtividades em matéria verde foram observadas no grupo formado por BRS 716 e CMSXS 5043, com média de 101,9 Mg ha-1. Para produção em matéria seca (MS), os cultivares AGRI-002E e BRS 716 compuseram o grupo de maior média, com 28,77 Mg ha-1. BRS 716, AGRI-002E, BRS 658 e 659 obtiveram maiores teores de matéria seca, com 297,7 g kg-1 de MS. Para capacidade tampão, BRS 511 obteve menor teor, 16,2 g kg-1 MS. Para carboidratos solúveis, BRS 511 e CMSXS 5030 apresentaram a maior média, de 391,7 g kg-1 MS. Todos os genótipos se mostraram passíveis de serem ensilados e produzirem silagens de adequado padrão fermentativo. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-11T13:19:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Characterization-of-forage-sweet-and-biomass-sorghum.pdf: 757937 bytes, checksum: 82c98d88e26f9532415126d008cdd29f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Biomass sorghum is an alternative feedstock to cogenerate energy and produce second-generation ethanol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Genotype by Environment Interaction (GEI) in biomass sorghum and to identify the hybrids that associate high adaptability and stability using the Toler nonlinear regression, the Genotypes plus Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot, and the Annicchiarico recommendation index. Thirty-three experimental photoperiod-sensitive single-cross hybrids and three checks were evaluated in relation to the traits: flowering time, plant height, moisture content, green mass yield, and dry mass yield. It was observed that the effects of hybrids, environment, and GEI were expressive. The GEI was predominantly complex for the traits related to the biomass yield. The Toler, GGE biplot and Annicchiarico methods show complementarity. The experimental hybrids 1, 8, 22, 31 and 33 are promising because of associating stability and lower recommendation risk. The hybrids 1 and 8 present broad adaptability, while the hybrids 22, 31 and 33 exhibit specific adaptability to high quality environments. Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-11T18:08:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genotypeenvironment.pdf: 795291 bytes, checksum: 890046797d8d2cd8b201fb39f87466fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

During the past decade, sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench L.) has shown great potential for bioenergy production, especially biofuels. In this study, 223 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two sweet sorghum lines (Brandes Wray) were evaluated in three trials. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from genotyping by sequencing of 272 RILs were used to build a high-density genetic map comprising 3,767 SNPs spanning 1,368.83 cM. Multitrait multiple interval mapping (MT-MIM) was carried out to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for eight bioenergy traits. A total of 33 QTLs were identified for flowering time, plant height, total soluble solids and sucrose (five QTLs each), fibers (four QTLs), and fresh biomass yield, juice extraction yield, and reducing sugars (three QTLs each). QTL hotspots were found on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 9, and 10, in addition to other QTLs detected on chromosomes 4 and 8. We observed that 14 out of the 33 mapped QTLs were found in all three trials. Upon further development and validation in other crosses, the results provided by the present study have a great potential to be used in marker-assisted selection in sorghum breeding programs for biofuel production. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-22T12:00:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 QTL-mapping.pdf: 757265 bytes, checksum: 1af729a3c697df5e85fedb3abadb4a74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] biomass hybrids with high productivity and enhanced levels of lignin are seen as a promising alternative of feedstock for direct burning in ovens designed for cogeneration of electricity. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic combing capacity of biomass sorghum lines and conduct multivariable selection of photosensitive biomass sorghum hybrids for use in cogeneration. Thirty-six photosensitive hybrids, the control BRS716, and 12 parental lines were evaluated in a seven-by-seven triple lattice design at two locations, and 12 characters were evaluated. There was superiority of additive effects on the genetic control of all the characteristics studied in both environments, less for female lines in the diallelic analysis of F1 hybrids. The inclusion of parents in the estimates of combining capacities indicated predominance of dominance effects involved in the genetic control of the traits analyzed. The results demonstrate the action of epistasis of the dwarf genes present in the female lines for the biomass parameter and the false interpretation when these lines are included in the diallelic analysis. With the use of the index based on factor analysis and genotype?ideotype distance (FAI-BLUP index), four factors were established, which separated the characteristics of production and quality, as well as the two environments, resulting from the high hybrid ´ environment interaction. With the index, five hybrids with higher potential for burning (H5-5, H2-1, H1-1, H1-5, and H5-1) were selected. However, no hybrids obtained gains for the characteristics of production and quality, simultaneously, which indicates the need for genetic improvement of the parents used in the program. Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-11T18:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Combiningability.pdf: 5462665 bytes, checksum: 32c75c313887edc07a2c1575c6c6fc54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The objective was to evaluate the effects of maturity at harvest and row spacing on fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and nutritional value of biomass sorghum (BRS 716) silage. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot completely randomized block design with three row spacings (45, 70, and 90 cm) and four maturities at harvest (70, 100, 130, and 160 days) and eight replications. Polyvinyl chloride silos of known weight measuring 50 cm length and 10 cm diameter were used for silage production. Dry matter and total carbohydrate contents of the silage increased linearly, whereas crude protein and ash decreased linearly with maturity at harvest. Row spacing did not influence pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3 ), gas and effluent losses, and dry matter recovery of silage. The concentrations of malic, succinic, and acetic acids and ethanol responded quadratically to maturity at harvest. The levels of neutral detergent fiber, lignin, and indigestible neutral detergent fiber increased linearly with maturity at harvest. Ruminal degradation kinetics of dry matter of biomass sorghum silage was not influenced by row spacing. BRS 716 biomass sorghum should be planted at 70-cm row spacing and harvested at 160 days for silage production based on fermentative profile, dry matter losses, and nutritional characteristics. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-06T14:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Effect-row.pdf: 352024 bytes, checksum: 9da68937190ed0f513cf87b4383fe719 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The objective was to evaluate the structural, yield and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum BRS 716 managed in different row planting spacing and harvest age in a semiarid region of Brazil. Three row spacing (45, 70 and 90 cm; plots) and four maturity at harvest (70, 100, 130 and 160 days; subplots) were evaluated following a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 split plot arrangement, with eight blocks. The useful area was 3 x 15 m. Variation in soil fertility in the area was the blocking factor. There was interaction between row spacing and maturity at harvest (P < 0.05) on plant height (P = 0.01), dry matter yield (DMY; P < 0.01) and proportion of senescent material (P = 0.01). The DMY observed at the age of 160 days and spacing of 90 cm was 41.40% higher than the DMY at the same age and in spacings of 45 and 70 cm (mean of 21.45 t/ha). As the maturity at harvest increased, there was a reduction in the crude protein content (P < 0.01), potential degradability (P < 0.01) and effective degradability (P < 0.01) of dry matter, and the content of non-fiber carbohydrates (P < 0.01), total digestible nutrients (P < 0.01) and the readily soluble fraction (P < 0.01) of the dry matter increased. Considering the yield and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum BRS 716 managed in the semiarid region for silage production, the row spacing of 90 cm and the maturity at harvest of 160 days after planting are recommended. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-08T14:00:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yield-nutritional.pdf: 389458 bytes, checksum: 4edbc0b73a234089488a60c275b7f5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The selection of sweet sorghum genotypes is based on multiple agronomical and technological traits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of inter-trait recovery information in improving the selective accuracy of the predicted genetic values of sweet sorghum progenies, and to compare several selection indices in terms of selection gains using single- and multi-trait mixed models. The trials were conducted in two sites. The traits flowering time, plant height, green mass production, total soluble solids content, and tons of Brix per hectare were assessed. Significant genetic variance was observed for all traits, except for total soluble solids content. The multi-trait analysis provided more accurate estimates of genetic parameters and predictions of the progeny genetic values, and higher selection gain than the singletrait analysis. The direct selection for TBH and the FAI/BLUP index resulted in balanced genetic gains for the assessed traits. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-25T12:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Strategies-for-multi-trait.pdf: 487126 bytes, checksum: 7231e0568404d4072991d57d020c520a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a crop that has high potential to be used for bioenergy generation. The objective of this study was to introgression of the bmr6 allele in elite lines of biomass sorghum and to obtain experimental ??brown midrib?? hybrids. Three genetic materials belonging to the Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Breeding Program were used. Two backcross programs were conducted separately, in which the CMSXS170 line was the donor of the bmr6 allele and the CMSXS652 and IS23777 lines were the recurrent ones. Through molecular markers specific for the bmr6 allele, the assisted selection was utilized for the brown midrib characteristic in the BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations. Polymorphic SNP markers were distributed throughout the genome of sorghum to accelerate the recovery of the recurrent genome. After the confirmation of the bmr genotypes, the lines were crossed with line A (female), to obtain the hybrid seeds and evaluated under field conditions. As result, it was possible to perform the introgression of the bmr6 allele in lines of biomass sorghum. The SNPs markers were efficient in identifying individuals with a higher rate of recurrence of the recurrent genome. Experimental "brown midrib" hybrids were obtained and demonstrated satisfactory potential for bioenergy production. Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-07T11:12:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Introgression-bmr6.pdf: 885675 bytes, checksum: 25008e7377dd9948cd3f71e5b528a1a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Biomass sorghum has emerged as an alternative crop for biofuel and bioelectricity production. Fresh biomassyield (FBY) is a quantitative trait highly correlated with the calorific power of energy sorghum cultivars, but alsohighly affected by the environment. The main goal of this study was to investigate the genotype-by-environmentinteraction (G × E) and the stability of sorghum hybrids evaluated for FBY across different locations and years,using factor analytic (FA) mixed models and environmental covariates. Pairwise genetic correlations betweenenvironments ranged from -0.21 to 0.99, indicating the existence of null to high G × E. The FA analysis unveiledthat solely three factors explained more than 79% of the genetic variance, and that more than 60% of theenvironments were clustered in thefirst factor. Moderate correlations were found between some environmentalcovariates and the loadings of FA models for environments, suggesting the possible factors to explain the high G× E between environments clustered in a given factor. For example: precipitation, minimum temperature andspeed wind were correlated to the environmental loadings of factor 1; minimum temperature, solar radiation andaltitude to factor 2; and crop growth cycle to factor 3. The latent regression analysis was used to identify hybridsmore responsive to a set of environments, as well as hybrids specifically adapted to a given environment. Finally,FA models can be successfully used to identify the main environmental factors affecting G × E, such as minimumtemperature, precipitation, solar radiation, crop growth cycle and altitude. Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-21T04:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genotype-environment.pdf: 2248923 bytes, checksum: 41b14ad96b520bcde6a15e8b214e773a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

High-biomass sorghum is a crop that has great potential as a source of biomass for energy generation, due to its high productivity, drought tolerance and for being mechanizable. Thus, culture is an alternative to vegetable biomass to be used in electric energy cogeneration processes. The objective of the work was to develop multivariate calibration models, using the near infrared spectroscopy, for analysis of gross calorific value, moisture, and ash content in high-sorghum biomass. At samples were analyzed by reference methods and the results associated with the near infrared spectrum of each sample. Then they were developed for each parameter, multivariate calibration models using the partial least square (PLS) algorithm. A high correlation was obtained between the values predicted by the model and the values obtained by reference method for all properties evaluated. Ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) and range error ratio (RER) values, respectively, above 3 and 10, for all the models constructed, thus being considered adequate for carrying out quantitative analyzes of chemical composition in the qualification of the sorghum biomass as a source of raw material for energy cogeneration and optimization of biomass conversion technologies. Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-23T09:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prediction-high.pdf: 1514198 bytes, checksum: 19704f44490a0a13d64f1a1f15edac2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The global demand for fuel from renewable sources has expanded rapidly in recent years and sweet sorghum is a crop with high potential for bioenergy production. This study aimed evaluate the performance of sweet sorghum hybrids belonging to the Embrapa Milho e Sorgo breeding program in different edaphoclimatic regions of Minas Gerais and to identify promising hybrids for bioenergy production, considering multiple traits of sweet sorghum. The study was conducted in two experimental areas of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha. A total of 36 sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated, with 28 experimental hybrids and eight controls. The evaluated traits were: days from planting to flowering, plant height, fresh biomass yield, juice extraction, total soluble solids and tons of Brix per hectare. Analysis of variance, multiple comparison test, the Williams index of selection and the index suggested by Mulamba & Mock were performed. The results demonstrated the existence of genetic variability among the genotypes of sweet sorghum, demonstrating the possibility of selecting high-performance genotypes superior. The selection indexes employed were efficient in the selection of sweet sorghum hybrids with higher agroindustrial performance. It was possible to identify hybrids of sweet sorghum promising for bioenergy production. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-13T19:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Multi-trait-selection.pdf: 1002407 bytes, checksum: 2fa4b796a29640dad27bac5af4d7f131 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The sweet sorghum apart from being used as food, feed and fiber, is also an excellent source for production of alcohol biofuel due to its high content of soluble sugars in the plant stalk sap), little has been researched about genetic diversity. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic divergence of sweet sorghum genotypes based on morphoagronomics characteristics. Twenty-five genotypes of sweet sorghum were evaluated in a randomized blocks design and the variables analyzed were: number of days to flowering; plant height; number of stalks per hectare; green mass production; dry mass production; number of leaves; diameter of stalks; volume of extracted juice and percentage of total soluble solids. The genetic diversity of genotypes was estimated based on the Mahalanobis distance as dissimilarity measure for the clustering structure we used the method of Tocher, UPGMA and canonical variate analysis. Groups generated demonstrated similarity in clustering genotypes, with more similar combinations remained in the same group in both clustering methods and most dissimilar combinations were isolated. The genotypes CMSXS644 and 201027018 were most are dissimilar the genetically and the characters that contribute most to the genetic diversity among the genotypes analyzed were PH and FLOWER. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-05T00:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genetic-divergence-sweet-sorghum.pdf: 372392 bytes, checksum: af0876d36d022f3ae324d21e880d18f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Ethanol production from sweet sorghum depends on the quality of the biomass and sugars in the juice extracted from the plant. However, quality may be compromised by Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) or sugarcane borer infestation. This study evaluated the effects of infestation by the pest on sweet sorghum juice productivity and quality. Sorghum variety BRS506 was planted in an experimental area with 4,800 m2. Samples were harvested at 115 days after planting and the following variables were evaluated: physical injury caused by the pest in the stalk, juice yield, total soluble solids in the juice and chemical composition. Additionally, the presence of Fusarium sp. in the stalks was checked. A significant difference was detected for juice yield, with lower values found in bored stalks resulting in a 2.62% decrease in juice yield at an infestation intensity of 4.16%. Infestation of D. saccharalis also caused a reduction of 34% in the plant sucrose content and significantly decreased fiber, lignin and ash rates. Infestation by D. saccharalis in sweet sorghum caused a significant reduction of plant height, juice productivity, and was associated with the presence of Fusarium sp., and sugar and fiber reduction. Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-28T23:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 InfluenceDiatraea.pdf: 701266 bytes, checksum: f2ab8cfcc37e18a92dc35841a54497d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-28

This study evaluated the effects of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cultivars of sweet and biomass sorghum for the selection of resistant cultivars. The present work consisted of two trials, with natural pest infestation. In the first one, 10 sweet sorghum cultivars were analyzed for the following variables: plant height, number of healthy and damaged internodes, gallery position and size, stem infestation level and soluble solids content (°Brix). In the second trial, it was analyzed 16 genotypes of high biomass sorghum, with the same variables above mentioned, in addition to the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents. Among sweet sorghum genotypes evaluated, the genotype CMSXS647 stood out due to the traits: plant height, infestation level, gallery size and soluble solids content. Among the sorghum genotypes evaluated, CMSXS7030, CMSXS7012 and CMSXS7028 presented ideal characteristics for infestation level, plant height and number of lignocellulosic compounds. Such information, in addition to supporting the bioenergy sorghum breeding program, will assist in integrated pest management for sorghum cultivation. Foram estudados os efeitos causados pela broca-do-colmo Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), em cultivares de sorgo sacarino e biomassa visando seleção de cultivares resistentes à praga. O presente trabalho foi constituído de dois ensaios, com infestação natural da praga. No primeiro, 10 cultivares de sorgo sacarino foram analisadas quanto às seguintes variáveis: altura das plantas, quantidade de internódios sadios e com injúrias, posição e tamanho da galeria, intensidade de infestação de colmos e teor de sólidos solúveis (°Brix). No segundo ensaio, foram analisados 16 genótipos de sorgo biomassa, com as mesmas variáveis supracitadas, além dos teores de lignina, celulose e hemicelulose. Entre os genótipos de sorgo sacarino avaliados, o genótipo CMSXS647 foi o que se destacou em função das características: altura de plantas, intensidade de infestação, tamanho de galerias e teor de sólidos solúveis. Entre os genótipos de sorgo biomassa avaliados: CMSXS7030, CMSXS7012 e CMSXS7028 apresentaram características ideais para intensidade de infestação, altura de plantas e quantidade de compostos lignocelulósico. Tais informações, além de prover o programa de melhoramento de sorgo energia podem ajudar o programa de MIP para a cultura do sorgo, uma vez que o produtor conhece a suscetibilidade dos materiais escolhidos.

Sorghum bicolor (L.) (Moench), which stands out for dry matter yield per hectare, has been considered as potential raw material for biofuels and electricity generation. It has a production cycle of six months, possibility of mechanization of cultivation and harvest and good adaptation to most regions of Brazil. Sorghum genotypes were evaluated for agronomic potential and chemical composition favorable to the production of second-generation ethanol. Three brown midrib (bmr) sorghum mutant hybrids were compared to three conventional hybrids. The bmr sorghum mutant hybrids are associated with reduced lignin content, making these genotypes morepromisingtotheenzymaticconversionprocessesofthebiomass.Sorghumbiomassshowedahighpotential in terms of biomass production, with an average dry matter yield of 26.57Mgha−1. Brown midrib sorghum hybrids showed significantlylower lignincontents than conventional hybrids and demonstrated the potential for cellulosic ethanol production. Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-25T00:35:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Compositiongrowth.pdf: 258910 bytes, checksum: 1451e1229e2c220f17105abd81323751 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

In this study, the physicochemical characterization of the cell wall polysaccharides of different genotypes of sorghum bicolor, (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were obtained using the raw biomass and after the chemical pretreatments, with the objective of this culture being a potential source for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Among the evaluated materials two hybrids brown midrib (bmr) sorghum biomass were tested compared to three conventional sorghum biomass hybrids. The lignocellulosic composition of the raw biomass of each genotype, and after acid and alkaline pretreatments was determined for future investigations of improved ethanol yields. The lignocellulosic composition of the biomass of the bmr hybrid 2015B002 and 2015B003 stood out, presenting significantly lower lignin contents (4.63%) than the conventional hybrids (7.15%).The results showed that the acid treatment followed by the alkaline treatment showed the best performance after the enzymatic hydrolysis, supported by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), Thermal analysis (TG) and crystallinity index analyzes that demonstrated the desired structural modification. Cellulosic ethanol production for the evaluated hybrids ranged from 6,612 to 11,838 liters per hectare per cycle of 180 days. Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-06T01:04:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Characterizationcell.pdf: 966919 bytes, checksum: e05309c6559b753ce36c6d25292af7cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The Brazilian bioenergy sector has been trying the use of saccharine sorghum in order to optimize ethanol production. However, there are few varieties fitted to this objective and little knowledge about their adaptability and stability. Then, the purpose of this work was to study the adaptability and stability of saccharine sorghum, taking into account the effects of the G x E interaction, to select superior genotypes and validate if the two selection methods for identification of genotypes with better phenotypic stability complement one another. Thus, the methodologies of Eberhart and Russell as well as Cruz et al. were used; and according to Eberhart and Russell, the BRS 511 genotype is preferred in ethanol production because it presents highly predictable and responsive behavior to changes in environments for all the traits evaluated in specific or broad conditions. The method also identified the genotypes CMSXS644, CMSXS647 and Sugargraze for green mass production; CMSXS629, CMSXS630, CMSXS646, CMSXS647, BRS 508, BRS509 and CV198 for tons of brix per hectare; and finally, CMSXS629, CMSXS630, CMSXS643, CMSXS646, BRS 506 and BRS 509 for total soluble solid content. The methods used in this study were not complementary to selection genotypes. Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-13T01:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adaptabilitystability.pdf: 657114 bytes, checksum: ddc38804880833eec85007f5a20d6465 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] stands out as a complementary crop to sugarcane Saccharum spp. for the production of ethanol, since it has juicy stems with directly fermentable sugars. Due to this fact, there is a need for the analysis of sweet sorghum properties in order to meet the agro-industry demand. This work aimed to develop and study the maturation curves of seven sweet sorghum cultivars in ten harvest dates. The results showed a significant difference between cultivars and harvest dates for all parameters analysed (p>=0.01). Regarding the sugar content, the cultivars BRS508, XBWS80147 and CMSX629 showed the highest means for the total reducing sugars (TRS) and recoverable sugar (RS). In the production of ethanol per tonne of biomass (EP), the cultivars BRS508 and CMSX629 presented the best results. RESUMO: O sorgo sacarino [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] se destaca como cultura complementar à cana-de-açúcar Saccharum spp. na produção de etanol, uma vez que este possui colmos suculentos com presença de açúcares diretamente fermentescíveis. Em decorrência deste fato, existe a necessidade de se analisar as propriedades do sorgo, a fim de atender às demandas da agroindústria. No presente trabalho, buscou-se desenvolver e estudar as curvas de maturação de sete cultivares de sorgo sacarino em dez épocas de colheita. Os resultados mostram que houve diferença significativa para cultivares e épocas de colheita para todos os parâmetros (p>=0,01). Quanto aos teores de açúcares, as cultivares BRS508, XBWS80147 e CMSXS629 apresentaram as maiores médias para as variáveis açúcares redutores totais (ART) e açúcares totais recuperáveis (ATR). Em relação à produção de etanol por tonelada de biomassa, as cultivares BRS 508 e a CMSXS629 apresentaram os melhores resultados.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-25T23:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Analisetrilha1.pdf: 38606 bytes, checksum: 9a169db9b607cfb66880e361da268e84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-24

O sorgo sacarino pode ser plantado para fins energéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agroindustrial, qualitativamente e quantitativamente, da cultivar de sorgo sacarino BRS 511 submetida a diferentes doses de N e K2O em cobertura. Foi conduzido experimento sem irrigação na região Central de Minas Gerais. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com 3 repetições, e os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x4, sendo 4 doses de nitrogênio (45, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1) x 4 de potássio (50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1) em cobertura. Características avaliadas: extração de caldo, massa verde, massa seca, sólidos solúveis totais, °Brix t/ha, teor de sacarose, açúcar redutor total, quantidade de álcool por hectare e quantidade de álcool por tonelada de massa verde. O sorgo sacarino respondeu à adubação nitrogenada e potássica em cobertura, sendo que a adubação nitrogenada interferiu mais nas variáveis analisadas em relação ao potássio. O melhor desempenho considerando a produção de litros de etanol por hectare, toneladas de °Brix por hectare, litros de etanol por tonelada de massa verde, teor de sacarose e açúcar redutor total foi obtido com altas doses de N e K2O em cobertura (cerca de 120 e 130 kg ha-1, respectivamente). Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-11T00:06:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Desempenhoagroindustrial.pdf: 632248 bytes, checksum: fd46cd8a147d1bb274e33743628ee1c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-09

In breeding of sweet sorghum hybrids, non-additive genetic effects are important in phenotypic expression of the traits of interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general combining ability (GCA) of sweet sorghum lines and the specific combining ability (SCA) of the hybrids for agronomic and technological traits. Five fertility restorer lines, four male-sterile lines, and their hybrids from partial diallel crosses were evaluated in experiments laid out in a 5 x 6 triple rectangular lattice design in the municipalities of Lavras, MG and Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. Diallel analysis was performed using the Griffing model adapted to partial diallel crosses. There was a significant effect of GCA and SCA for most of the traits evaluated, indicating the participation of additive or dominant genes in inheritance. The restorer lines CMSX508, BRS 511, CMSXS643, and CMSXS646 show potential for use as parents in sorghum breeding programs. Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-28T23:43:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Generalspecific1.pdf: 541067 bytes, checksum: b8f2bbeb796c9ebaefada50c00b324c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-28

O sorgo biomassa (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) é uma cultura que apresenta um grande potencial como fonte de biomassa para energia em função de sua alta produtividade, tolerância à seca e por ser uma cultura mecanizável, sendo assim, uma alternativa de biomassa vegetal para ser utilizada em processos de densificação por peletização. O objetivo do trabalho foi produzir pellets de um híbrido de sorgo biomassa BRS716 e realizar sua caracterização de acordo com normas internacionais de qualidade para pellets.Os pelletsde sorgo biomassa foram obtidos em uma peletizadora de laboratório sem adição de qualquer aditivo, com diâmetro de 6 mm, comprimentos variados e foram caracterizados quanto a suas propriedades físico-químicas e mecânicas. Os pelletsobtidos apresentaram as características mínimas exigidas pela norma DIN EN 14961-6 e adequaram-se a todas as especificações da norma europeia de comercialização para pellets de produtos não madeireiros. Esses resultados demonstram o grande potencial do sorgo biomassa como uma cultura a ser integrada à cadeia de fornecimento de biomassa para geração de energia. Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-25T01:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Producaocaracterizacao.pdf: 535951 bytes, checksum: 971b4807ca9da5116877dd1d846acc45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-24

The increasing cost of energy and finite oil and gas reserves have created a need to develop alternative fuels from renewable sources. Due to its abiotic stress tolerance and annual cultivation, high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) shows potential as a bioenergy crop. Genomic selection is a useful tool for accelerating genetic gains and could restructure plant breeding programs by enabling early selection and reducing breeding cycle duration. This work aimed at predicting breeding values via genomic selection models for 200 sorghum genotypes comprising landrace accessions and breeding lines from biomass and saccharine groups. These genotypes were divided into two sub-panels, according to breeding purpose. We evaluated the following phenotypic biomass traits: days to flowering, plant height, fresh and dry matter yield, and fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin proportions. Genotyping by sequencing yielded more than 258,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers, which revealed population structure between subpanels. We then fitted and compared genomic selection models BayesA, BayesB, BayesC?, BayesLasso, Bayes Ridge Regression and random regression best linear unbiased predictor. The resulting predictive abilities varied little between the different models, but substantially between traits. Different scenarios of prediction showed the potential of using genomic selection results between sub-panels and years, although the genotype by environment interaction negatively affected accuracies. Functional enrichment analyses performed with the marker-predicted effects suggested several interesting associations, with potential for revealing biological processes relevant to the studied quantitative traits. This work shows that genomic selection can be successfully applied in biomass sorghum breeding programs. Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T00:42:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genomicprediction.pdf: 1227569 bytes, checksum: 4d1c64b7f50c1e67001257591223fc3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-24

O rendimento de cultivares de sorgo sacarino em planta de primeiro corte e na rebrota tem sido estudado para viabilizar o cultivo com menores custos de produção. Entretanto, dados qualitativos sobre a qualidade de caldo e rendimento de etanol entre safra principal e rebrota são escassos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar genótipos de sorgo sacarino quanto à qualidade industrial e avaliar o efeito do tipo de colheita e biomassa processada no rendimento industrial para produção de etanol. Foi conduzido um experimento em blocos ao acaso com três repetições em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas constituídas por 20 genótipos de sorgo e as subparcelas pelos tipos de amostras processadas ou colheitas realizadas. Os maiores rendimentos de etanol foram obtidos para CMSXS646 e BRS 511 na colheita de primeiro corte com colmos limpos. A utilização de colmos limpos promoveu, em média, um incremento de 13,5, 14,2, 13,4, 3,3, 7,9, 7,0, 8,0 e 16,4% para etanol, ART, ATR, umidade, ARC, Pol, °Brix, quantidade de caldo, respectivamente, e redução de 17,3% para fibra, em relação às amostras de colmos com folhas. O rendimento médio de etanol por tonelada de caldo extraído foi 28% superior no primeiro corte comparativamente à rebrota Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-29T00:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Qualidadeindustrial.pdf: 392340 bytes, checksum: c0f26769fcdad3a4d5c6566d078405b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-24

Sweet sorghum has considerable potential for ethanol production due to its succulent stalks that contain directly fermentable sugars. Since many traits need to be considered in the selection process to breed superior cultivars for ethanol production, then correlations between the traits might be of use to help the breeder define optimal improvement strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the principal agro-industrial traits in sweet sorghum, and to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary traits on ethanol production per hectare. In total, 45 sweet sorghum genotypes (lineage/hybrids) were evaluated in an experiment designed in an alpha lattice 5 x 9. The data were analyzed using a mixed model approach. A detailed study of simple correlations was accomplished using path analysis. The experimental precision was high, with an accuracy above 76%. The various genotypes showed genetic variation for all agronomic and industrial traits, except stalk diameter. Some agro-industrial traits showed significant simple correlations with ethanol production, but according to the path analysis, some of these traits did not show a significant direct or indirect effect on ethanol production. The results highlighted the primary and secondary traits with practical relevance to sweet sorghum breeding, since they showed director indirect effects on ethanol production.

The biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), is an interesting crop considering the neces- sity to invest in alternative sources to generate renewable energy. The objective of this experi- ment was to identify sorghum biomass genotypes with greatest agronomic and energetic potential, and verify if there is phenotypic association between agronomic and technological properties in the hybrids. The study was conducted in three cities of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Lavras, Uberlândia and Sete Lagoas). We evaluated 16 genotypes of sorghum biomass, being 14 of them sensitive hybrids to photoperiod and two cultivars, as control, insensitive to photoperiod. The ex- perimental design was a triple lattice 4 × 4, with plots formed by four linear rows of 5.0 m. The morphoagronomic traits evaluated for the three environments were: days to flowering (FLOW), plant height (PH), number of stalks (NS) and green mass production (GMP). In the experiment conducted in Lavras, we also evaluated the agronomic traits: stalk diameter (SD) and dry mass production (DMP) besides the technological traits: higher heating value (HHV), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The genotype × environment inte- raction was significant for all traits. The hybrids had superior performance compared to the con- trol genotypes. Biomass sorghum hybrids, sensitive to photoperiod, when compared with com- mercial hybrids of forage sorghum, insensitive to photoperiod, had an average production of 34 t ha −1 dry mass with 62% humidity and higher heating value of 4.400 Kcal/Kg. There was no phe- notypic correlation between agronomic and technological traits evaluated. * Corresponding author.

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a type of cultivated sorghum characterized by the accumulation of high levels of sugar in the stems and high biomass accumulation, making this crop an important feedstock for bioenergy production. Sweet sorghum breeding programs that focus on bioenergy have two main goals: to improve quantity and quality of sugars in the juicy stem and to increase fresh biomass productivity. Genetic diversity studies are very important for the success of a breeding program, especially in the early stages, where understanding the genetic relationship between accessions is essential to identify superior parents for the development of improved breeding lines. The objectives of this study were: to perform phenotypic and molecular characterization of 100 sweet sorghum accessions from the germplasm bank of the Embrapa Maize and Sorghum breeding program; to examine the relationship between the phenotypic and the molecular diversity matrices; and to infer about the population structure in the sweet sorghum accessions. Morphological and agro-industrial traits related to sugar and biomass production were used for phenotypic characterization, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for molecular diversity analysis. Both phenotypic and molecular characterizations revealed the existence of considerable genetic diversity among the 100 sweet sorghum accessions. The correlation between the phenotypic and the molecular diversity matrices was low (0.35), which is in agreement with the inconsistencies observed between the clusters formed by the phenotypic and the molecular diversity analyses. Furthermore, the clusters obtained by the molecular diversity analysis were more consistent with the genealogy and the historic background of the sweet sorghum accessions than the clusters obtained through the phenotypic diversity analysis. The low correlation observed between the molecular and the phenotypic diversity matrices highlights the complementarity between the molecular and the phenotypic characterization to assist a breeding program. Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T19:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Phenotypicmolecular.pdf: 4534558 bytes, checksum: 7e98a0d3b0adcbdf79eb8bd2f106509c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24

Sweet sorghumis a very robust cropwhich has the potential to be used in ethanol production due to its high fermentable sugar content present in its stem juice, very similar to sugarcane. Therefore, for breeding purposes it is relevant to analyze sugar composition in the juice to characterize sweet sorghum genotypes and their period of industrial utilization within different environments for maximum ethanol yield. In this work we developed a rapid, lowcost and efficient method to determine the profile of sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) in sorghum juice by near infrared spectroscopy and partial least square regression, and validation of the method was performed according to the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Developed models provided root mean square error of prediction of 4, 1 and 0.6 mg·mL−1 and ratio performance deviations of 8, 5 and 5 for sucrose, glucose and fructose, respectively. Relative standard deviations of three sweet sorghumjuice sampleswere reportedwith content variation (low, mediumand high) 0.2, 0.3, 0.8% for sucrose; 1, 2, 2% for glucose; 1, 2, 3% for fructose. Sugar profile is an asset for crop breeders to take decisions for the development of more productive cultivars and higher sugar content. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-24T00:11:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nearinfrared.pdf: 821210 bytes, checksum: dbae563dbf0423149e0a646806efdc84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22

O sorgo sacarino surgiu como importante alternativa para a geracao de biomassa na producao de etanol. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do espacamento entrelinhas e da populacao de plantas sobre a producao de sorgo sacarino em diferentes locais. Foram instalados dois experimentos, em duas localidades, Patos de Minas, MG e Sete Lagoas, MG, utilizando as cultivares BRS 505 e CMSXS 647, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro espacamentos entrelinhas (0,5; 0,6; 0,7 e 0,8 m) e quatro populacoes de plantas (80.000; 100.000; 120.000 e 140.000 plantas ha -1 ). As caracteristicas avaliadas na colheita foram: altura da planta; diâmetro do colmo; numeros de perfilhos e de folhas; massa fresca total, de folhas, de colmos e de paniculas; massa de caldo; e Brix. O arranjo de plantas influencia o crescimento do sorgo sacarino, resultando em maiores produtividades de caldo em area cultivada com menores espacamentos entrelinhas e maiores populacoes de plantas. A reducao no espacamento proporciona maiores incrementos na producao em comparacao a elevacao na populacao de plantas, alem de aumentar o Brix no caldo.

CARACTERIZACAO DE CULTIVARES DE SORGO BIOMASSA VISANDO A GERACAO DE ENERGIA PARA A REGIAO NORTE DE MATO GROSSO O sorgo biomassa possui elevada producao de biomassa lignocelulosica, surgindo como alternativa de cultivo visando producao de energia renovavel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar cultivares de sorgo biomassa visando a geracao de energia para regiao Norte de MT. Para tal, implantou-se em 04/12/2014, em Sinop-MT, um experimento no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com tres repeticoes, composto por 36 genotipos de sorgo (34 biomassas e 2 forrageiros). As caracteristicas avaliadas foram: florescimento, altura de plantas, acamamento, populacao de plantas, producao de massa verde, producao de massa seca, porcentagem de massa seca e umidade. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e as medias dos genotipos foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Os materiais forrageiros floresceram, em media, aos 77 dias, enquanto que os genotipos de biomassa floresceram dos 101 aos 130 dias. Enquanto o melhor genotipo forrageiro (Volumax) produziu 11,6 t de massa seca ha -1 , 15 genotipos de sorgo biomassa produziram, em media, 24 t. Demonstrando estes serem os de maior interesse de cultivo na regiao de estudo. A materia seca produzida pelos genotipos de sorgo biomassa associado a seu poder calorifico demonstram potencial da cultura para producao de energia renovavel. Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor , energia renovavel, bioenergia. ABSTRACT Biomass sorghum has high lignocellulosic biomass production, emerging as a cultivation alternative for renewable energy production. The objective of this study was to characterize biomass sorghum cultivars aiming to generate energy for the north of Mato Grosso. To this end, an experiment in the randomized block design with three replications, consisting of 36 sorghum genotypes (34 biomass and two forage) was implanted in 12/04/2014 in Sinop/Mato Grosso. The evaluated characteristics were: flowering, plants height, lodged plants, finishing, plants population, green mass production, dry matter production, dry matter percentage and humidity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the averages of the genotypes were grouped by the Scott-Knott test. Forage materials flourished on average after 77 days, whereas the biomass genotypes flourished from 101 to 130 days. While the best forage genotype (Volumax) produced 11.6 t ha-1 dry matter, 15 genotypes of sorghum biomass produced on average 24 t, each one. Demonstrating being a potential for cultivating in the region. The dry matter produced by biomass sorghum genotypes associated with its calorific has demonstrated the potential of culture for renewable energy production. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor , renewable energy, bioenergy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n03a11

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a produtividade e qualidade do caldo de cultivares de sorgo sacarino em diferentes espacamentos e densidades de plantas. Foram instalados experimentos em tres localidades do Estado de Minas. Em cada local, o experimento foi conduzido conforme o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 x 4, com quatro repeticoes, sendo dois genotipos cultivados em quatro densidades de semeaduras e em quatro espacamentos entre fileiras. A parcela experimental foi constituida de quatro fileiras de cinco metros de comprimento sendo as duas centrais consideradas uteis. Foram analisadas altura das plantas, a produtividade de materia verde, produtividade do caldo e o Brix do caldo. A localidade afeta a produtividade de materia verde, produtividade de caldo e o o Brix do sorgo sacarino independente do arranjo de plantas. A reducao do espacamento provoca maior produtividade de materia verde e caldo em funcao do local de cultivo e reduz os teores de o Brix independentemente da localidade. O aumento da populacao provoca maior produtividade de materia verde e caldo nas duas cultivares estudadas. A cultivar BRS 507 apresenta melhor desempenho na maioria dos locais avaliados.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a dissimilaridade genética de acessos de manga 'Ubá' na região leste de Minas Gerais, por meio da caracterização biométrica e físico-química dos frutos, visando a identificar materiais de interesse industrial para futuros trabalhos de melhoramento. Frutos de 67 acessos de mangueira Ubá provenientes do leste de Minas Gerais foram caracterizados, avaliando-se: massa da fruta, massa do endocarpo, relação polpa/endocarpo, diâmetro longitudinal, diâmetro transversal, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, relação sólidos solúveis total/acidez total titulável e pH. Os resultados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva, utilizando-se de medida de tendência central (média) e de variabilidade de dados (desvio-padrão). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas, utilizando-se das técnicas de agrupamento e medidas de dissimilaridade. Os frutos que apresentaram melhores características para o processamento foram os provenientes dos acessos 10; 22; 23; 24; 35; 38; 40; 42; 52; 55 e 63. A análise de agrupamento mostrou a formação de dois grupos de acessos com base nas características biométricas e físico-químicas dos frutos, o que demonstra variabilidade genética em mangueiras Ubá, no leste de Minas Gerais. This job has had as the main objective the evaluation of the genetic dissimilarity in accessions of mango 'Ubá' in the eastern region of Minas Gerais by means of biometrical and physical-chemical characterization of the fruit in order to identify materials wich has industrial interest for breeding works. Fruits of 67 accessions were characterized by evaluation of fruit mass, endocarp mass, pulp/endocarp race, longitudinal diameter, transversal diameter, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable total acidity (TTA), TTS/TTA race and pH. The results were evaluated by descriptive statistics using central trend (average) and variability of data (standard deviation). Statistical analysis were performed using the clustering techniques and dissimilarity measures. The fruits wich have showed the best characteristics for the processing were the hits from the 10, 22, 23, 24, 35, 38, 40, 42, 52, 55 and 63. Cluster analysis demonstrated the formation of two groups of accesses in reference with the biometrical and the physical-chemical characterization of the fruit, which shows the genetic variability the eastern Minas Gerais' mango

RESUMO - Uma caracteristica importante do sorgo sacarino e o Periodo de Utilizacao Industrial (PUI), necessario para o planejamento da colheita e o processamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estabelecer o PUI de cinco cultivares comerciais de sorgo sacarino visando a producao de etanol na regiao Central de Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com tres repeticoes, num esquema em parcelas subdivididas. Caracteristicas avaliadas: florescimento, producao de massa verde (PMV), solidos soluveis totais (SST), acucares redutores totais (ART), teor de sacarose aparente (POL), acucares totais recuperaveis (ATR), produtividade de etanol por tonelada (PROTE) e PUI. Foram verificadas diferencas entre as duas safras agricolas, cultivares e epocas de colheita para todos os caracteres agronomicos e industriais do sorgo sacarino. A interacao safras x epocas de colheita foi significativa para todos os caracteres. Ja a interacao cultivares x epocas de colheita mostrou-se significativa (P≤0,01) para quase todos os caracteres, exceto PMV. Houve interacao safras x cultivares x epocas de colheita significativa para SST, ART, POL, ATR, e PROTE. No primeiro ano de semeadura, as variedades BRS 511, BRS 508 e BRS 509 apresentaram melhor desempenho agroindustrial visando a producao de etanol quando comparadas com os hibridos XBSW80147 e Sugargraze. As cultivares BRS 511, BRS 508 e BRS 509 apresentaram-se dentro dos limites minimos de qualidade e produtividade estabelecidos na safra 2011/2012. Ja na safra 2012/2013 apenas o BRS 508 apresentou-se dentro de todos os padroes estipulados em razao da ocorrencia de acamamento. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, destacaram-se as variedades BRS 508, BRS509 e BRS511, considerando os caracteres agroindustriais e PUI para a producao de etanol. O melhor periodo de colheita considerando as caracteristicas agroindustriais foi dos 100 aos 130 dias apos o semeio, apresentando pico aos 113. As cultivares avaliadas apresentaram periodos de utilizacao industrial diferentes, com as variedades apresentando PUI superior a 30 dias e os hibridos com PUI inferiores a 20 dias. Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, biocombustiveis, agroindustria. PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL USE OF SWEET SORGHUM VARIETIES AIMING ETHANOL PRODUCTION ABSTRACT - An important parameter of sweet sorghum is the Period of Industrial Utilization (PIU), necessary for industrial management to provide high quality feedstock 24 hours per day during the period of industrial processing. The objective of this study was to establish maturity curves and PIU for five commercial cultivars of sweet sorghum for ethanol production in the Central region of Minas Gerais. A randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot (seven-day harvest intervals) scheme was used during two seasons to determine the following parameters: days to flower, production of fresh biomass (PFB), total soluble solids in the juice (TSS), total sugars (TS), apparent sucrose content (ASC), total recoverable sugars (TRS), ethanol productivity per ton (EPT) and PIU. Differences were found between the two agricultural seasons, cultivars and harvest periods for all the agronomic and industrial traits of sweet sorghum. The yield x harvest period interaction was significant for all parameters evaluated. The interaction cultivar x harvest period was highly significant for all parameters except PFB. There was significant year x cultivars interaction for harvest period for SST, TS, ASC, TRS and EPT. The varieties BRS 511, BRS 508 and BRS 509 showed better agro-industrial performance for producing ethanol compared to sweet sorghum hybrids XBSW80147 and Sugargraze. The varieties BRS 511, BRS 508 and BRS 509 were within the PIU thresholds for quality and productivity in the 2011/2012 season. However, only BRS 508 was within the quality threshold for the 2012/2013 harvest, due to the occurrence of lodging. Based on these results, the varieties BRS 508, BRS 509 and BRS 511 can be considered for ethanol production. The best harvesting period considering the agro-industrial characteristics was between 100 and 130 days after planting, with peaking at 113 days. The cultivars showed different periods of industrial use, with the varieties presenting PIU values of more than 30 days and the hybrids with PUI values less than 20 days. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, biofuels, agribusiness.

Cultivares de feijoeiro com grão rosinha foram de grande importância, no passado, e ainda hoje, mesmo com a preferência pelo grão carioca, há nichos de mercado para feijões do grupo Rosinha. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi selecionar linhagens de feijoeiro comum com grão rosinha, alta produção de grãos, rápido cozimento e resistentes à antracnose e à mancha angular. A partir de cinco famílias F8 superiores, provenientes do cruzamento entre os genitores Rosinha Maria da Fé e ESAL 693, foram extraídas 143 linhagens as quais foram avaliadas na safra das águas de 2005/2006 em Lavras (MG). Dessas, manteve-se 99 linhagens que foram avaliadas em Lavras e Lambari (MG), na safra da seca de 2006. As 24 linhagens selecionadas foram novamente avaliadas nos dois locais, no inverno de 2006. Os caracteres avaliados foram produção e tipo de grão, tempo de cocção, reação à mancha angular e também, foi realizado o teste de resistência ao patótipo 65 de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Nas linhagens, observaram-se variabilidade genética para todos os caracteres avaliados, altas estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade, assegurando elevados ganhos com a seleção. Foram selecionadas quatro linhagens com alta produção, tipo de grão ideal, com rápido tempo de cocção e resistência à mancha angular e à antracnose. Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-24T00:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPAF2009bragantia.pdf: 159136 bytes, checksum: cc172d5bca583dff73d50b716270e259 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009

Sweet sorghum has considerable potential for ethanol and energy production. The crop is adaptable and can be grown under a wide range of cultivation conditions in marginal areas; however, studies of phenotypic stability are lacking under tropical conditions. Various methods can be used to assess the stability of the crop. Some of these methods generate the same basic information, whereas others provide additional information on genotype x environment (G x E) interactions and/or a description of the genotypes and environments. In this study, we evaluated the complementarity of two methods, GGEBiplot and Toler, with the aim of achieving more detailed information on G x E interactions and their implications for selection of sweet sorghum genotypes. We used data from 25 sorghum genotypes grown in different environments and evaluated the following traits: flowering (FLOW), green mass yield (GMY), total soluble solids (TSS), and tons of Brix per hectare (TBH). Significant G x E interactions were found for all traits. The most stable genotypes identified with the GGEBiplot method were CMSXS643 for FLOW, CMSXS644 and CMSXS647 for GMY, CMSXS646 and CMSXS637 for TSS, and BRS511 and CMSXSS647 for TBH. Especially for TBH, the genotype BRS511 was classified as doubly desirable by the Toler method; however, unlike the result of the GGEBiplot method, the genotype CMSXS647 was also found to be doubly undesirable. The two analytical methods were complementary and enabled a more reliable identification of adapted and stable genotypes.

Sweet sorghum was investigated to an alternate feedstock for fuel ethanol production. juices from 4 sorghum varieties (BRS 506, BRS 508, BRS 509, BRS 511 and BRS); all developed by Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) Maize and Sorghum) were evaluated for sugar, starch and nutrient contents and theoretical ethanol yields. The levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, starchand sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were measured weekly over a period of 70 days. Fermentations were performed using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BRS 508, BRS 509 and BRS 511 showed potential to be useful for industrial applications for maturities exceeding 30 days. BRS 511 showed the highest sugar production, with levels higher than 140 g/L during the majority of the experiment and reaching a maximum of 191 g/L. All varieties showed similar behaviors with respect to nutrient content, which was characterized by a decrease in nutrient concentrations over the period analyzed. Juice from BRS 508 was successfully fermented within 8 h with a productivity (9.0 g/L h) and yield (90.5% of theoretical) similar to those observed for sugar cane juice. Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T23:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluationpotential.pdf: 811281 bytes, checksum: b739aa7b058ecc9fa435ab9f3a230d27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-10

RESUMO - Em ensaios de competição de cultivares, a desuniformidade na população de plantas pode proporcionar a superioridade não genética entre os materiais testados. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, verificar a influência dos métodos de correção de estande na recomendação de cultivares de sorgo biomassa pelo método de adaptabilidade e estabilidade de Annicchiarico. Foram avaliadas 25 cultivares no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em cinco ambientes. Os métodos utilizados para correção do estande foram regra de três, Zuber, covariância para estande médio, covariância para estande ideal, Cruz, Vencovsky & Cruz e correção estratificada. Os dados sem correção foram utilizados como referência. Apesar de ocorrer mudanças nos rankings de classificação da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade, os genótipos indicados foram os mesmos para a maioria dos métodos de correção do estande. A correção por covariância para estande ideal foi considerada a mais eficiente, por promover redução no coeficiente de variação e na relação entre o maior e o menor quadrados médios do resíduo dos ambientes avaliados. Ao todo, dez híbridos desenvolvidos pelo programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo foram considerados adaptados e estáveis pelo método de Annicchiarico e superaram as cultivares comerciais avaliadas. ABSTRACT - In trials of cultivars competition, the lack of uniformity in plant population may create a non-genetic superiority among the tested materials. The objective of the present work was to verify the influence of the stand correction methods in the recommendation of sorghum biomass using the method of adaptability and stability of Annicchiarico. Twenty-five cultivars were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications in five environments. The methods used to correct the stand were the rule of three, Zuber, covariance for average stand, covariance for ideal stand, Cruz, Vencovsky & Cruz and stratified correction. The uncorrected data were used as reference. Although changes occurred in the ranking of adaptability and stability, the indicated genotypes were the same for most methods of stand correction. The correction by covariance for ideal stand was considered the most efficient method, because it promoted a reduction in the coefficient of variation and in the relationship between the largest and smallest mean square of residues of the evaluated environments.. Altogether ten hybrids developed by the breeding program at Embrapa Maize and Sorghum were considered suitable and stable by the method of Annicchiarico and surpassed the commercial cultivars evaluated.

This study compared severity of angular leaf spot in common bean lines, based on the healthy and diseased leaf area, and the graded scale. We used 12 common bean lines in the dry and rainy seasons. Two contiguous experiments were conducted in each season, with and without chemical control of the pathogen. We evaluated the percentage of the healthy and diseased leaf area; severity based on a graded scale and the area under the disease progress curve; and yield. The diseased or healthy leaf area is efficient to evaluate the severity of angular leaf spot with a sample of 20 to 30 leaflets per plot. For all traits, the results of central and border areas did not differ, indicating that the evaluation of border rows is unnecessary and, finally, the severity assessment of the upper plant half can discriminate the lines more efficiently. A severidade da mancha angular do feijoeiro foi avaliada com base nas áreas sadia e doente da folha e na escala diagramática. Foram avaliadas 12 linhagens de feijão nas épocas das secas e das águas. Em cada época foram conduzidos dois experimentos contíguos, com e sem controle químico do patógeno. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens das áreas sadia e doente da folha, severidade da doença segundo uma escala diagramática, área abaixo da curva sob progresso da doença e produtividade de grãos. As áreas sadia e doente da folha são eficientes para avaliar a severidade da mancha angular com uma amostra de 20 a 30 folíolos por parcela. A avaliação de todos os caracteres na área útil ou bordadura da parcela não difere, indicando que a bordadura por parcela é desnecessária. A avaliação da severidade na metade superior da planta discrimina as linhagens mais eficientemente.

Ao lado da cana-de-acucar, planta tradicionalmente empregada na producao de etanol, o sorgo sacarino apresenta-se como uma excelente opcao sob os pontos de vista agronomico e industrial, por oferecer as vantagens de ser uma planta tolerante a deficit hidrico de ciclo curto, ser totalmente mecanizada, possuir colmos suculentos com acucares totalmente fermentaveis e com producao de massa verde variando de 40 a 60 t ha-1. O trabalho foi conduzido na area experimental da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo em janeiro de 2011, em solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Distroferrico, objetivando verificar o efeito de diferentes cultivares de sorgo sacarino e densidades de semeadura no teor de solidos soluveis totais. Foram utilizados quatro cultivares de sorgo sacarino (variedades) BR 501; 505; 506 e 507 e um hibrido simples forrageiro BR 601, o qual serviu de testemunha, semeados nas densidades de semeaduras de 75.000, 100.000, 125.000, 150.000 e 175.000 plantas ha-1. Foram avaliados os parâmetros cultivares, densidades de semeadura e as caracteristicas altura da planta, producao de massa verde, volume de caldo e teor de acucares redutores totais. Os resultados mostraram que o peso de massa verde aumentou linearmente com a elevacao do numero de plantas por area e que a cultivar BR 506 foi a que apresentou maior rendimento. O volume de caldo aumentou com a elevacao da densidade de semeadura, sendo maior nas cultivares BR 506 e BR 505, e o °Brix, indicador do teor de acucar na planta de sorgo sacarino, nao diferiu entre as cultivares avaliadas no trabalho.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic stability and adaptability of 25 sweet sorghum cultivars of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum. The experiments were conducted in five Brazilian environments, three in the state of Minas Gerais, and the others in Sinop, Mato Grosso and Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Fresh biomass yield (FBY), and total soluble solids (TSS) of the juice were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed significant genotype by environment interaction for both traits. According to the Annicchiarico methodology analysis, genotypes CMSXS634, BRS506, and CMSXS646 were the most stable and adapted for FBY and TSS concomitantly; CMSXS634 being more adapted to favorable environments and CMSXS646 being more adapted to unfavorable environments.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses e das epocas de aplicacao de diferentes reguladores de crescimento no sorgo sacarino e sua influencia sobre o desenvolvimento da planta e a germinacao das sementes produzidas, foi instalado em setembro de 2011, em Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil, na Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, um experimento em casa de vegetacao com tres ingredientes ativos comerciais (trinexapac-ethyl, paclobutrazol e daminozida), testando-se seis doses para cada produto em duas epocas de aplicacao ao longo do ciclo. Observou-se que o ingrediente trinexapac-ethyl foi o mais efetivo na reducao do desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de sorgo sacarino, quando aplicado duas vezes ao longo do ciclo da cultura, mas com grave prejuizo sobre a qualidade das sementes produzidas.

O sorgo sacarino é uma cultura rústica com aptidão para cultivo em áreas tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas. Apresenta ampla adaptabilidade e tolerância a estresses abióticos. A rapidez do ciclo de produção, a elevada produção de biomassa e as facilidades de mecanização da cultura colocam o sorgo sacarino como uma excelente matéria prima para produção de etanol. Estima-se que haja no Brasil cerca de 28 milhões de hectares de solos sujeitos a encharcamento (solos aluviais e hidromórficos), sendo que cerca de 5,4 milhões de hectares estão no Rio Grande do Sul e poderiam ser incorporadas ao processo produtivo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de 25 cultivares de sorgo sacarino em condições de solos hidromórficos, na região sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho. Os resultados observados são promissores considerando a cultura do sorgo sacarino como cultura complementar à cana-de-açúcar, sendo colhida na entressafra desta para evitar que as usinas fiquem ociosas. No entanto, quando o objetivo é usar o sorgo sacarino como cultura exlusiva, para uso em microdestilarias, estudos de viabilidade econômica, com base na produção de sorgo sacarino em áreas de várzeas, devem ser considerados, tendo em vista a menor produção de massa verde observada nessas condições.