Search

This study aims to provide more information about the gamma radiation effects on the PVC films used for the production of urine and drainage bags (medical products). The PVC films were irradiated by gamma radiation using different doses namely, 20, 40, 60, 80, 80, 100, 120, and 140 kGy. The gamma radiation effects on the unirradiated and irradiated PVC films were examined using FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, SEM, EDX, and mechanical properties. In conclusion, the results showed that the physicochemical properties of PVC films were affected by the standard gamma radiation dose of sterilization (20 kGy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study seeks to detect and characterize the free radicals generated in gamma-irradiated diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DP-HCl), a precursor for an antihistamine drug. The investigation aims to assess the radiation sensitivity of DP-HCl under varying microwave power, radiation doses, temperature conditions, and storage durations. After irradiation with 14 kGy, the observed radical associated with the –ĊHCH2N– fragment exhibited a singlet signal with a g-value of g = 2.0016 ± 0.0005. The signal intensities from experimental spectra within the 2–20 kGy dose range were found to exhibit the optimal fit with a polynomial function. Experimental spectra were recorded in the temperature range of 123–423 K to investigate whether distinct types of radicals were formed at low and high temperatures. Furthermore, the stability of the free radicals generated in the irradiated sample was assessed by determining the extinction curves of the signal intensities of the sample. The novelty of this study lies in examining the radiation sensitivity of the –ĊHCH2N– radical, demonstrating its remarkable stability across different temperatures and storage durations. This leads to the conclusion that radiation sterilization of the DP-HCl sample is not suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new perovskite Sr 9 Y 2 W 4 O 24 :Mn4+ is presented and its photoluminescence properties are examined in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis for comparison. Sol-gel synthesis resulted in a series of samples, that were characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), photoluminescence spectra (PL) and EPR. XRD patterns are consistent with standard data, affirming the tetragonal crystal arrangement of the synthesized samples. The band gap estimation based on DRS indicated a value of 5 eV. PL emission analysis identified a far-red emission peak (2E g →4A 2) at 677 nm, confirms the presence of Mn in the 4+ ionic state in the inorganic matrix. Crystal field analysis also demonstrated the presence of Mn4+ in a strong crystal field environment. Additionally, EPR analysis revealed distinct features of the observed broad line with a width of approximately 400 G and a six-line spectrum with g ∼1.98 characteristic of the Mn4+ doped Sr 9 Y 2 W 4 O 24 perovskite. The prevailing evidence strongly suggests the likelihood of Mn4+ dopant ions occupying W6+ sites within the perovskite lattice. The EPR experimental data also confirmed the simulation data indicating the presence of Mn4+ ions in a given inorganic matrix. This investigation provides a comprehensive insight into the structural and spectroscopic properties of Mn4+ doped Sr 9 Y 2 W 4 O 24 perovskites, confirming their potential as advanced lighting technologies to facilitate enhanced agricultural practices and plant cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet C (UVC) light has a great promising application in the field of sterilization. However, how to obtain efficient UVC emission with peak maximum at 265 nm that is called 'golden sterilization wavelength' remains a great challenge. Herein, we propose a defect-engineering strategy to obtain enhanced UVC emission at the golden sterilization wavelength of 265 nm through introducing oxygen vacancies into Pr3+ doped Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 melilite phosphors. Combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and thermoluminescence (TL) characterizations, it is confirmed that the calcination of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Pr3+ in an inert atmosphere could efficiently increase oxygen vacancy concentration, promoting the efficient energy transfer from the melilite host to Pr3+ ions. It could lead to a significant enhancement of the luminescence intensity to 2.43 times of the initial one with less oxygen vacancies. The optimized Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.4%Pr3+ phosphor could effectively inactivate 100 % of Staphylococcus aureus within 8 min, showing higher efficiency than commercially available mercury lamp. This work provides an effective solution for the design and preparation of UVC phosphors using defect engineering to achieve golden UVC emission. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New chamber stapes prosthesis (ChSP) is a middle-ear prosthesis intended for use in ear surgery for restoring the patient's middle ear function. As the prosthesis is an implantable medical device, it must be sterilized before use. However, possible alterations in the material and the functional properties following the sterilization process can influence the safety aspects while using the prosthesis. The purpose of this paper was to determine the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on the physicochemical and biological properties of the new chamber prosthesis by utilizing EPR spectroscopy, mechanical testing, and cytotoxicity studies. Our research shows that the radiation treatment increases the hardness and the elastic modulus of the polymer, decreases the stiffness of the prosthesis membrane, and does not cause chemical changes in the polymers that may result in cytotoxicity. Furthermore, new ChSPs were successfully tested in preclinical in vitro tests. The test results justify the undertaking of further work, including in vivo biocompatibility tests and clinical trials, which would eventually lead to the increased use of the prosthesis in clinical practice.

We utilize complex hourglass-shaped Eu 9 clusters as SBUs to self-assemble into high-nuclearity Ln(III) cluster-based MOF with excellent ROS generation capacity under low-power light irradiation for application in efficient photocatalytic wastewater purification and sterilization. [Display omitted] • Eu-MOF with hourglass-shaped Eu 9 clusters as secondary building units was prepared. • Eu-MOF exhibits excellent ROS generation ability. • The self-assembly process and mechanism of action of Eu-MOF were investigated. • The ROS generation ability of Eu-MOF promotes its photocatalytic performance. • Eu-MOF shows photocatalytic activity for dye degradation and bactericidal treatment. A large number of diseases caused by water pollution have become a global public health issue, and the development and construction of innovative and efficient photocatalytic systems for water remediation is vital to improve water quality and prevent bacteria-induced diseases. Herein, a europium-based metal–organic framework (Eu-MOF) was self-assembled with complex hourglass-shaped Eu 9 clusters as secondary building units (SBUs), achieving excellent photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability. Moreover, Eu-MOF can quickly and efficiently degrade organic dyes and kill a variety of bacteria under low-power light irradiation conditions. Time-dependent scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) were used for the first time to track the formation process of complex clusters into cluster-based MOFs, and the gradual transformation of amorphous intermediates into crystalline Eu-MOF was clearly tracked. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed that Eu-MOF has a smaller semicircle than the organic ligands, demonstrating its excellent charge separation ability. The excellent ROS generation capacity of Eu-MOF was jointly demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and the results obtained using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) indicator. More importantly, using low-power (60 mW/cm2) Xe lamp irradiation, Eu-MOF can almost completely degrade 10 mg/L aqueous solutions of rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV) within 30, 90, and 120 min, respectively. In addition, the excellent light-induced ROS production ability of Eu-MOF contributes to its significant cell killing and antibacterial effects. Under light irradiation conditions, Eu-MOF can effectively kill Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with average inhibition zone sizes of 2.54 ± 0.17 and 2.56 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. This work opens up new horizons for the build of efficient photocatalytic systems based on lanthanide porous materials and promotes the progress of lanthanide MOFs (Ln-MOFs) crystal engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioabsorbable poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB) electrospun membrane has been widely used in various biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and unique mechanical properties. When commercialization is envisaged, a sterilization procedure aiming to prevent bacterial contamination of biomedical devices is indispensable. Herein, P4HB membranes were sterilized by using different sterilization techniques. It's observed that ethylene oxide (EO), ultraviolet radiation (UV), and electron beam (E‐beam) irradiation do not influence the morphology of fiber membranes. Analysis of the data revealed that E‐beam irradiation sterilization can induce chain scission of P4HB. The EO sterilization process can increase the melting point of P4HB electrospun membranes. None of the sterilization methods showed a significant effect on the hemocompatibility of the P4HB membranes. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility experiment indicated that none of the P4HB membranes had any toxic effects on L929 cells. Taken together, selecting a suitable sterilization method that effectively sterilizes and does less damage during the sterilization process is critical to P4HB membranes for biomedical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of Bacillus atrophaeus spores attached to eight types of tiles, consisting of combinations of ceramic and porcelain, white and black, and matte and glossy surfaces, was investigated using a homemade UV lamp system with different irradiation times (10 s, 30 s, and 60 s) and UV lamp-to-tile distances (32 mm, 76 mm, and 120 mm). The results demonstrated a reduction in colony numbers with increasing irradiation time and decreasing lamp-to-tile distance, with nearly complete sterilization observed for a 120 mm lamp-to-tile distance with 60 s UV irradiation and for a 32 mm lamp-to-tile distance with 10 s UV irradiation. Specifically, superior UV sterilization efficacy was observed on porcelain compared to ceramic tiles, on white compared to black tiles, and on matte compared to glossy tiles, consistent with the reflectance trend. In conclusion, among the tested tile surfaces, the white matte porcelain tile exhibited the most efficient UV sterilization, attributed to its highest UV reflectance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) spectral range (210–280 nm) have demonstrated potential applications in physical sterilization. However, the poor external quantum efficiency (EQE) hinders further advances in the emission performance of AlGaN-based DUV LEDs. Here, we demonstrate the performance of 270-nm AlGaN-based DUV LEDs beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting the innovative combination of bandgap engineering and device craft. By adopting tailored multiple quantum wells (MQWs), a reflective Al reflector, a low-optical-loss tunneling junction (TJ) and a dielectric SiO2 insertion structure (IS-SiO2), outstanding light output powers (LOPs) of 140.1 mW are achieved in our DUV LEDs at 850 mA. The EQEs of our DUV LEDs are 4.5 times greater than those of their conventional counterparts. This comprehensive approach overcomes the major difficulties commonly faced in the pursuit of high-performance AlGaN-based DUV LEDs, such as strong quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE), severe optical absorption in the p-electrode/ohmic contact layer and poor transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized light extraction. Furthermore, the on-wafer electroluminescence characterization validated the scalability of our DUV LEDs to larger production scales. Our work is promising for the development of highly efficient AlGaN-based DUV LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food crops around the world are commonly contaminated with Aspergillus flavus, which can produce the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The objective of this study is to test an X-ray irradiation sterilization method for studying AFB1 in contaminated maize samples in the laboratory. Maize that had been naturally contaminated with 300 ppb AFB1 by the growth of aflatoxigenic A. flavus was ground and then irradiated at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kGy. A. flavus was quantified by dilution plating on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and modified Rose Bengal media (MDRB) for viability and qPCR for gene presence. AFB1 was quantified by HPLC and ELISA. A. flavus viability, but not gene copies, significantly decreased with increasing doses of radiation (PDA: p < 0.001; MDRB: p < 0.001; qPCR: p = 0.026). AFB1 concentration did not significantly change with increasing doses of radiation (HPLC: p = 0.153; ELISA: p = 0.567). Our results imply that X-ray irradiation is an effective means of reducing viable A. flavus without affecting AFB1 concentrations. Reducing the hazard of fungal spores and halting AFB1 production at the targeted dose are important steps to safely and reproducibly move forward research on the global mycotoxin challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutrients present in food are not only prone to a series of physicochemical reactions but also provide conditions for the growth and reproduction of foodborne microorganisms. In recent years, many innovative methods from different fields have been introduced into food preservation, which extends the shelf life while maximizing the preservation of the original ingredients and properties of food. In this field, there is a lack of a systematic summary of new technologies emerging. In view of this, we overview the innovative methods applied to the field of food preservation in recent 3 years, focusing on a variety of technological approaches such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy based on nanotechnology, electromagnetic radiation sterilization based on radiation technology, and antimicrobial peptides based on biomolecules. We also discuss the preservation mechanism and the application of the different methods to specific categories of products. We evaluated their advantages and limitations in the food industry, describing their development prospects. In addition, as microorganisms are the main causes of food spoilage, our review also has reference significance for clinical antibacterial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen hydrolysates derived from tuna tendons have potential applications in various industries, but sterilization is crucial to ensure their safety. This study investigated the effects of ethylene oxide (EtO), beta radiation, and gamma radiation sterilization methods on the structural and functional properties of collagen hydrolysates using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). EtO sterilization caused significant physical and chemical changes in the hydrolysates, as evidenced by the altered appearance and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. In contrast, beta and gamma radiation did not induce notable changes in the physical characteristics and NMR spectra. MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed slight alterations in the molecular weight distribution after sterilization, with beta irradiation causing a minor decrease and gamma irradiation and EtO leading to small increases. DSC analysis showed shifts in the heat absorption peaks after sterilization, indicating changes in the thermal properties. The findings suggest that while all three methods effectively sterilize collagen hydrolysates, EtO causes more significant structural modifications compared to beta and gamma radiation. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of sterilization on collagen hydrolysates, facilitating the selection of appropriate methods for specific applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the influence of Cu doping and gamma irradiation on the photocatalytic activity of lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles for methylene blue (MB) degradation under solar light. The optical bandgap of the γ-irradiated Pb (1-x) Cu x S (where x = 0 to 0.02) was calculated between 2.29 eV - 2.72 eV, facilitating the modulation of optical bandgaps in PbS. Additional analyses incorporating photoluminescence and the Brunauer (Emmett) Teller method were used to determine optical properties, surface area, and pore distribution. The photocatalytic degradation of MB under sunlight irradiation was investigated. The photocatalytic activity was enhanced with the increasing rate of MB degradation. Notably, gamma-irradiated Pb 0.99 Cu 0.01 S exhibited a remarkable MB degradation efficiency of 73.64 %, demonstrating its stability over three consecutive cycles. This underscores its inherent stability and potential for repeated use. Overall, these findings highlight the significant potential of gamma-irradiated Cu-doped PbS nanoparticles as durable, renewable photocatalysts for efficient degradation in an aqueous media, thereby offering a promising approach for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Featured Application: This paper describes the construction of a low-cost, flexible-design device based on encapsulated LEDs, with direct application for water sterilization and scalability potential. The scarcity of potable water emphasizes the urgent need to develop and implement more sustainable treatment technologies, considering both energy consumption and environmental impact. These technologies require effective disinfection systems that avoid the use of chemicals. Innovations in this area, utilizing UV-LED technology, can significantly improve efficiency, reduce costs, and mitigate environmental impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of various encapsulated UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to identify the most suitable candidate for constructing an LED array capable of disinfecting large volumes of water. Different devices from various manufacturers, with differing costs and wavelengths, were examined, leading to the selection of the optimal candidate (LED 2) based on its antimicrobial effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The impact of parameters such as bacterial concentration, sample volume, exposure time, and conditions on disinfection capacity was thoroughly investigated. Exposure to LED 2 resulted in substantial reductions in the viability of bacteria and yeast, demonstrating efficacy even against Clostridium perfringens endospores. Subsequently, an LED array was developed based on these findings and rigorously evaluated for efficacy, confirming its effectiveness as an efficient and environmentally friendly water treatment device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Masks are face coverings that give protection from infectious agents, airborne pathogens, bacteria, viruses, surgical fog, dust, and other chemical hazards by acting as a barrier between the wearer and the environment. In the COVID-19 pandemic, this major personal protective equipment's became essential part of our daily life. The aim of this review is to analyze and discuss the different types of masks with their pros and cons, manufacturing procedures, evaluation criteria, and application with some of the sterilization process for reuse and smart mask. The review used a thorough examination of the literature to analyze the preventive effects of surgical, N95, smart mask, and potential environmental damage from those masks. Several studies and evidence were also examined to understand the efficiency of different mask on different environment. N95 respirators are capable of filtering out non-oil-based 95% air-born particles, and surgical masks act as a protective barrier between the wearer and the environment. The application of spoon bond and melt blown techniques in the fabrication process of those masks improves their protective nature and makes them lightweight and comfortable. But the high demand and low supply forced users to reuse and extend their use after sterilizations, even though those masks are recommended to be used once. Universal masking in the SARS-COV-2 pandemic increased the chance of environmental pollution, so the application of smart masks became essential because of their high protection power and self-sterilizing and reusing capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen (H2), a clean and versatile energy carrier, has recently gained significant attention as a potential solution for reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable energy systems. The yield and efficiency of the biological H2 production process primarily depend on sterilization conditions. Various strategies, such as heat inactivation and membrane-based sterilization, have been used to achieve desirable yields via microbial fermentation. Almost every failed biotransformation process is linked to nonsterile conditions at any reaction stage. Therefore, the production of renewable biofuels as alternatives to fossil fuels is more attractive. Pure sugars have been widely documented as a costly feedstock for H2 production under sterile conditions. Biotransformation under nonsterile conditions is more desirable for stable and sustainable operation. Low-cost feeds, such as biowaste, are considered suitable alternatives, but they require appropriate sterilization to overcome the limitations of inherited or contaminating microbes during H2 production. This article describes the status of microbial fermentative processes for H2 production under nonsterile conditions and discusses strategies to improve such processes for sustainable, cleaner production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new dosimeters with good dosimetric properties is important for quality control in radiation applications. In this study, the potential of sulfanilic acid (C6H7NO3S) powder form, as a dosimeter in low-dose ionizing radiation (<30 Gy), was analyzed by an Electron Spin Resonance spectrometer (Bruker EMX-131 X-band). Gamma irradiations were performed at room temperature (290 K) using a 60Co gamma cell supplying a dose rate of 32 Gy/h and X photon irradiations at 6 and 18 MV energies were performed using a variant DHX model clinical linear accelerator (Linac) at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min. While unirradiated (control) sulfanilic acid exhibited no ESR signal, the irradiated sample showed a single-line ESR spectrum spread over a magnetic field range of 100 G, as shown in Figure 2. Variations of the peak heights with the sample mass irradiated at 2 Gy gamma dose were studied in the range of 130–330 mg. The ESR signal intensity observed at g-factor = 2.0053 of this compound is dependent on sample mass, so ∼250 mg was chosen at each step of the study. The paramagnetic center formed in the gamma-irradiated sulfanilic acid was followed over 50 days. The dose-response curves were given in the dose range from 0.05 to 10 Gy for the sample exposed to gamma radiation and for the sample exposed in the range of 0.05 Gy–30 Gy at 6 and 18 MV X-ray energies. The fitting values of the function that best describes dose-response curves are calculated. In the g value region, where the ESR signal was observed in the irradiated sample, the lowest dose value at which the signal could be read was 50 mGy, significantly different from the noise. With all these investigations, sulfanilic acid can be used to estimate gamma radiation dose within boundary conditions in medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) is a type of hazardous waste generated by the batik industry. In this study, the gamma irradiation technique was applied to precipitate chromium in simulated batik mordanting waste. Gamma irradiation induced the generation of active species, including hydrated electrons (eaq-) and hydrogen atoms (•H), which effectively reduced Cr(Ⅵ) ions to Cr(Ⅲ) and caused precipitation as chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)3) upon interaction with hydroxide ions (OH-). Optimal precipitation conditions were observed at 40 kGy irradiation dose, 4M of 2-propanol work as scavenger, and pH 9. The applied reaction conditions led to a decrease in the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in simulated waste from 11,673 ppm to 177 ppm. The Cr(OH)3 was calcined to form chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and through a chemical process was synthesized back into K2Cr2O7 with the total Cr recovery of 63.39%. SEM and FTIR analysis indicated that the recovery of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(OH)3, Cr2O3, and K2Cr2O7 can be considered successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Trombe wall is a widely applied heating system that has a single function. An interesting thing is that both the solar heat and UV light received by a Trombe wall have an air sterilization effect. Here, the air sterilization and thermal performances of a Trombe wall in different cities were investigated based on an established heat and mass transfer model. The main results were as follows: (1) UV dose accumulation and high temperature were the most important factors that affect the UV and thermal sterilization performance, respectively. The Trombe wall had the thermal characteristics of high accumulation of UV doses in the morning and afternoon and a high temperature level at noon, which was a good match with the UV and thermal sterilization process. (2) A typical sterilization process in a Trombe wall was divided into three areas: the UV inactivation area, UV and thermal inactivation area and UV inactivation area. (3) The weather conditions played an important role in the sterilization performance. UV sterilization was dominant in cloudy weather, and thermal sterilization was dominant in sunny weather. (4) In Nanjing, Shanghai, Xining and Guangzhou, the average daily clean air volumes in heating months were 39.4, 33.5, 32.2 and 39.8 m3/m2, respectively. (5) When the wall height increased from 1.5 m to 3.5 m, the average daily clean air volume in heating months increased from 31.7 to 43.6 m3/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic sterilization technology is a strategy that is environmentally friendly for killing drug-resistant bacteria using solar energy. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) required for sterilization depends on the charge separation properties of the photocatalyst. Therefore, we modified the photocatalytic performance of CuIn5S8 by fabricating S-vacancies based on the work function (Φ) theory. The spin state density calculations show that S-vacancies lead to spin polarization, and it is easier to separate electrons and holes when their spin directions change. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results show that Vs-CuIn5S8-3 can produce more ROS. Under visible light irradiation, Vs-CuIn5S8-3 killed 99% of E. coli and MRSA in natural water within 30 minutes. The work adopted S-vacancies to regulate spin polarization and improve photocatalytic activity, which has great potential in natural water disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present study, the material science background of crosslinked gelatin (GEL) was investigated. The aim was to assess the optimal reaction parameters for the production of a water-insoluble crosslinked gelatin matrix suitable for heat sterilization. Matrices were subjected to enzymatic degradation assessments, and their ability to withstand heat sterilization was evaluated. The impact of different crosslinkers on matrix properties was analyzed. It was found that matrices crosslinked with butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) were resistant to enzymatic degradation and heat sterilization. Additionally, at 1 v/v % crosslinker concentration, the crosslinked weight was lower than the starting weight, suggesting simultaneous degradation and crosslinking. The crosslinked weight and swelling ratio were optimal in the case of the matrices that were crosslinked with 3% and 5% v/v BDDE and PEGDE. FTIR analysis confirmed crosslinking, and the reduction of free primary amino groups indicated effective crosslinking even at a 1% v/v crosslinker concentration. Moreover, stress–strain and compression characteristics of the 5% v/v BDDE crosslinked matrix were comparable to native gelatin. Based on material science measurements, the crosslinked matrices may be promising candidates for scaffold development, including properties such as resistance to enzymatic degradation and heat sterilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desulfurization technology is of great significance in wastewater treatment, although heavy metal ions are often introduced. Yet it remains a serious issue to remove sulfur and heavy metals simultaneously from waste water. Herein, we reported an autophotosensitive biohybrid system consisting of non-phototrophic Halothiobacillus neapolitanus (H. neapolitanus) and cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) for the removal of sulfide and heavy metals simultaneously without organic nutrients and anaerobic conditions. The photogenerated electrons could be efficiently transferred from biosynthesized CdS to bacteria in the CdS-H. neapolitanus biohybrid system with light irradiation, due to the membrane-bound electron acceptors (e.g., quinols and C-type cytochrome) with a series of electron transport chains. Compared to H. neapolitanus, the biosynthesized CdS as an armor could protect the growth activity up to 146% at higher Cd concentrations and enhance the desulfurization efficiency up to 129%. Therefore, this biohybrid system provides a potential strategy for in situ wastewater denitrification, desulfurization and heavy metal removal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper discusses the sterilization efficiency of three low temperature sterilization methods used in thermosensitive medical devices and makes a preliminary analysis of sterilization costs so as to provide the basis for reasonable selection of low temperature sterilizer in Central Sterile Supply Department. Methods: Medical devices compatible with the three sterilization methods were selected for sterilization, and two packaging materials were selected for the three low-temperature sterilization equipment according to the compatibility of the packaging materials. The equipment packed with the same packaging materials were sterilized for five times, and each low-temperature sterilizer was sterilized for a total of ten times. The sterilization effect, sterilization cycle time, energy consumption, and cost of the three sterilizers were compared. Results: The cycle time of ethylene oxide sterilizer was 393.6 min, and the cycle time of hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilizer was 56.1 min. The cycle time of low temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilizer was 105.7 min. The hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilizes single cycle power consumption at a maximum of 5 kWh. The single cycle energy consumption of compressed air ethylene oxide sterilizer is up to 12 l. In terms of sterilization application cost, hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization has the highest cost, followed by ethylene oxide sterilization, and low temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilization is the lowest. Conclusion: The sterilization efficiency of hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization is the highest, followed by low temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilization, and the lowest is ethylene oxide sterilization. The three low temperature sterilization methods can achieve effective sterilization of devices. Each hospital can choose an appropriate low temperature sterilization method according to the characteristics of thermosensitive instruments, turnover efficiency requirements, and financial status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olibanum is a resinous traditional Chinese medicine that is directly used as a powder. It is widely used in China and is often combined with other traditional Chinese medicine powders to promote blood circulation and relieve pain, as well as to treat rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Powdered traditional Chinese medicine is often easily contaminated by microorganisms and 60Co irradiation is one of the good sterilization methods. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main active ingredient of olibanum. The aim of this study was to validate the optimum doses of 60Co irradiation and its effect on VOCs. 60Co irradiation was applied in different doses of 0 kGy, 1.5 kGy, 3.0 kGy, and 6.0 kGy. Changes in VOCs were detected using gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry. A total of 81 VOCs were identified. The odor fingerprint results showed that, with an increase in irradiation dose, most of the VOCs of olibanum changed. Through principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis, it was demonstrated that, at 1.5 kGy, the impact of radiation on the VOCs of olibanum was minimal, indicating this is a relatively good irradiation dose. This study provides a theoretical basis for the irradiation processing and quality control of resinous medicinal materials such as olibanum and it also provides a good reference for irradiation technology development and its application to functional foods, thus making it both significant from a research perspective and useful from an application perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The development of a full-spectrum responsive photocatalytic germicide with excellent charge separation efficiency to harvest high antimicrobial efficacy is a key goal yet a challenging conundrum. Herein, graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (PCNS)/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene/TiO 2 (PMT) Z-scheme heterojunctions with robust interface contact were crafted by in situ interfacial engineering. The strong internal electrical field (IEF) from PCNS to TiO 2 , evinced by the Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) characterization, can obtain high charge separation efficiency with 73.99%, compared to Schottky junction PCNS/Ti 3 C 2 T x (PM, 32.88%) and PCNS (17.70%). The Ti 3 C 2 T x component can not only serve as a transfer pathway to accelerate the recombination of photoexcited electrons of TiO 2 and holes of PCNS under the Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) light irradiation, but also replenish the photogenic electron concentrations to semiconductors in the near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. Meanwhile, the increased temperature due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can further boost the electronic activity to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, the PMT performs a high disinfection efficiency up to 99.40% under full solar spectrum illumination, 3.88 and 9.75 times higher than PCNS and TiO 2 , respectively, surpassing many reported Z-scheme heterojunctions. This work offers guidance for the design of Z-scheme heterojunction with the implanting of plasmons to secure excellent full-spectrum responsive photocatalytic sterilization performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionizing irradiation, as a new pretreatment method for the anaerobic fermentation of organic pollutants, is featured with fast reaction speed, good treatment effect, no need to add any chemical reagents, and no secondary pollution. This study explores the mechanism of improving anaerobic fermentation performance of rice samples pretreated by cobalt-60 gamma irradiation through the influence on fermentation substrate, acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase. The results reveal that the soluble chemical oxygen demand of the irradiated rice sample at an absorbed dose of 9.6 kGy increases by 12.4 times due to the dissolution of small molecules of fat-soluble organic matter. The yield of biogas in the acidogenic phase increases by 22.2% with a slight increase in hydrogen gas content. The yield of biogas and methane gas content in the methanogenic phase increases by 27.3% and 15%, respectively. Microbial genome analysis, performed with MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic methods, suggests the microbial abundance and metabolic functions in the anaerobic fermentation process change significantly as a result of the pretreatment by gamma irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The sterile insect technique (SIT) has proven to be an effective approach in managing the population of major invasive pests. Our previous studies showed that irradiation of Cydia pomonella males at a dosage of 366 Gy X‐rays resulted in complete sterility. However, the mating competitiveness of sterilized males is significantly compromised, which can be attributed to a decline in their ability to fly. RESULTS: In this study, we examined the flight patterns of both male and female adults of C. pomonella. The results revealed significant variations in the average flight speed of both genders at different stages of maturity, with females displaying longer flight duration and covering greater distances. Effect of irradiation on the flight performance of 3‐day‐old male moths was further evaluated, as they demonstrated the longest flight distance. The findings indicated a significant decrease in flight distance, duration, and average speed, due to wing deformities caused by irradiation, which also limited the dispersal distance of moths in orchards, as indicated by the mark‐and‐recapture assay. Reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a down‐regulation of flight‐related genes such as Flightin, myosin heavy chain, and Distal‐less following radiation exposure. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that X‐ray irradiation at a radiation dose of 366 Gy has a detrimental effect on the flight ability of male C. pomonella adults. These insights not only contribute to a better understanding of how radiation sterilization diminishes the mating competitiveness of male moths, but also aid in the development and improvement of SIT practices for the effective control of C. pomonella. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-energy radiation is known to potentially impact the optical performance of silicon-based sensors adversely. Nevertheless, a proper characterization and quantification of possible spectral response degradation effects due to UV stress is technically challenging. On one hand, typical illumination methods via UV lamps provide a poorly defined energy spectrum. On the other hand, a standardized measurement methodology is also missing. This work provides an approach where well-defined energy spectrum UV stress conditions are guaranteed via a customized optical set up, including a laser driven light source, a monochromator, and a non-solarizing optical fiber. The test methodology proposed here allows performing a controlled UV stress between 200 nm and 400 nm with well-defined energy conditions and offers a quantitative overview of the impact on the optical performance in CMOS-based photodiodes, along a wavelength range from 200 to 1100 nm and 1 nm step. This is of great importance for the characterization and development of new sensors with a high and stable UV spectral response, as well as for implementation of practical applications such as UV light sensing and UV-based sterilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated the efficacy of X-ray irradiation for the sterilization of Ceratitis capitata. Pupae were exposed to doses of 0 (control), 60.7, 137, 156.9, 237.7, 300.59 and 344.46 Gy to determine which dose would not affect viability of irradiated fruit flies but would result in their sterilization. Doses of 60.7 and 137 Gy were suitable as males emerging from irradiated 7-day-old pupae were 100% sterile but were otherwise viable. Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the structure of normal and treated male C. capitata testes. The testes of males originating from non-irradiated pupae of C. capitata consist of a single long follicle that looks like a sac and is full of germ cells at different stages of development. In testes of males originating from irradiated pupae, the presence of lysosomes, many vacuoles, and irregular distribution of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, led to an overall slowed rate of spermatogenesis. Apparent degeneration and abnormalities of the sperms resulted in the production of non-functional sperm or to a reduction in sperm production. This study concluded that X-ray is an alternative irradiation method for the sterile insect technique used to control Mediterranean fruit fly populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibacterial coordination compounds have attracted tremendous attention ascribed to their excellent designability. However, how the morphological evolution of these complexes influences their antibacterial and physicochemical properties has never been investigated based on proposed mechanisms. Thus, a series of Co–HOAT coordination compounds synthesized from inorganic to organic cobalt sources were prepared. We propose that with the same HOAT ligand, inorganic Co–HOAT nanosheets possess higher sterilization rates compared with organic Co–HOAT nanoparticles. This is explained by the different steric hindrance of cobalt sources. Relatively small steric hindrance could lead to ample active positions for inorganic cobalt ions to coordinate with both N and O atoms in HOAT. Meanwhile, organic Co2+ ions could only unite with N atoms in HOAT. Furthermore, by theoretical calculation, cobalt ions with adequate coordination sites are beneficial for developing nanosheet morphologies. Meanwhile, the Co–HOAT complexes with a lower density of electron clouds present higher sterilization rates due to the anchoring effect of electrostatic attraction. The proposed mechanism is that Co2+ released from compounds could cause multiple toxic effects to bacteria anchored by Co–HOATs. Finally, Co–HOATs' behaviors have excellent antimicrobial properties without environmental limitations. In conclusion, the Co–HOATs appear to be a potential antibacterial catalyst in the antimicrobial field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor photocatalysis has great potential in the fields of solar fuel production and environmental remediation. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic efficiency still constrains its practical production applications. The development of new semiconductor materials is essential to enhance the solar energy conversion efficiency of photocatalytic systems. Recently, the research on enhancing the photocatalytic performance of semiconductors by introducing bismuth (Bi) has attracted widespread attention. In this review, we briefly overview the main synthesis methods of Bi/semiconductor photocatalysts and summarize the control of the micromorphology of Bi in Bi/semiconductors and the key role of Bi in the catalytic system. In addition, the promising applications of Bi/semiconductors in photocatalysis, such as pollutant degradation, sterilization, water separation, CO2 reduction, and N2 fixation, are outlined. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and future research directions of Bi/semiconductor photocatalysts is given. We aim to offer guidance for the rational design and synthesis of high‐efficiency Bi/semiconductor photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile effluents often include water polluted with heavy metals, organic and inorganic contaminants, and different colors. It is not practical to remove these pollutants from the water. A variety of methods, including ozone, adsorption, membrane separation, biosorption, biodegradation, electrochemical degradation, and UV radiation, might be used in the water treatment procedure. Biochar made from Canna indica leaves and stems was used to remediate textile industry wastewater, which included color and chemical oxygen demand (COD). By using an absorption technique, the biochar was created by roasting the material at 500 °C, which removed the color and COD from the wastewater. The batches were subjected to many variations in temperature, concentration, and dose of biochar throughout the testing phase. Canna leaves have been shown to be effective in reducing COD at doses between one and 1.5 gm. COD levels were reduced by 83%, and color was reduced by around 94%. On the other hand, while keeping a constant dose, it was shown that canna stalks showed noteworthy effectiveness in lowering COD levels, with a range of 33%–48%. When it comes to eliminating color and COD, the leaves of the canna plant show more specificity than those of other plant species. The Jovanovich isotherm showed a good association with the biochar made from Canna indica leaves, according to the examination of the isotherm computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Around 12% of Europeans and 20% of Americans have at least one tattoo. Tattoo inks, the substances used to create tattoos on the body, consist of chemicals that contain formaldehyde, which can be harmful to human health. The amount of formaldehyde present in commercially available tattoo inks and its causes are not well understood. Methods: We investigated the levels of formaldehyde in tattoo ink products sold in different countries and identified the factors contributing to its production. We also explored methods to reduce formaldehyde generation in tattoo inks. Seven tattoo inks from various brands were tested. Results: Formaldehyde release was predominantly associated with gamma radiation sterilization. Formaldehyde levels were observed to be higher in compositions containing organic components compared to those with inorganic components, irrespective of sterilization method and container type. Glycerin released over seven times more formaldehyde than other components during gamma-ray sterilization. Conclusion: The results suggest that the presence of hydroxyl groups in carbon organic compounds in tattoo ink leads to photodegradation during gamma-ray radiation sterilization, resulting in increased concentrations of formaldehyde. Further research is needed to examine the chemical reactions occurring during sterilization processes and identify alternative sterilization methods that minimize formaldehyde formation. Additionally, the development of tattoo inks with reduced formaldehyde content and the establishment of strict quality control measures can help ensure the safety of tattooing practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of irradiation sterilization on the quality of low-salt sliced bacon was investigated by subjecting the samples to high-energy electron gas pedal treatment at 2, 3 and 4 kGy at room temperature. The samples were stored at 4 °C and the unsterilized group was used as the control group. The total number of colonies of the samples, flavor substances and the physicochemical indexes were determined when the storage time was 0, 60, 120 and 180 days, respectively. The results showed that the nitrite content of low-salt sliced bacon decreased significantly (P<0.05), the a* and peroxide value (POV) values increased with the increase of irradiation dose under the same conditions. At 180 d, the moisture content and b* values of the irradiated group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), the L* and a* values were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05), and the POV values were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). During the storage stage, the total bacterial colony values of the irradiated group increased slowly and were always lower than those of the control group, and the content of unpleasant substances such as dimethyl disulfide increased, and the flavor differences with the control group increased, resulting in a decrease in aroma scores. The experimental results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose showed that the irradiated offflavors decreased with the increase of storage time, the content of major flavor substances increased, and the flavor differences with the control group decreased. Overall, 2, 3 kGy-treated bacon samples had lower fat oxidation and the flavor difference between irradiated and control was smaller and the off-flavor was relatively weak. The moisture content was higher and the flavor was better after storage. However, in terms of bactericidal effect and texture, the 3 kGy group was slightly better than the 2 kGy group, with stronger bactericidal effect and slightly higher tissue structure score. Therefore the optimal irradiation was determined to be 3 kGy in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoclave devices are used to perform high‐temperature sterilization processes under pressure. Autoclaves can be integrated with an absorption refrigeration cycle to utilize the waste heat generated at high temperature during the process. Today, many studies are carried out on the evaluation of energy resources. In this study, it is designed to obtain a cooling load by adding an integrated sub‐cycle to the waste steam heat of the autoclave device in a sterilization unit. In the lower cycle, the ammonia/water absorption refrigeration cycle is used. According to the energy analysis; With the condition that the cooling temperature is 7°C, the generator temperature of 95°C and a cooling load of 130.9 W occurred with 531.7 W of waste heat received by the absorption cooling system. Accordingly, an efficiency of COP 0.246 was obtained. The energy analysis of the absorption refrigeration cycle can improve the energy efficiency of the autoclave and save energy. In addition, the obtained cooling load will be preserved in medical supplies that need to be kept cold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Spodoptera frugiperda, a global agricultural pest, can be effectively controlled through the sterile insect technique. However, exposure to low‐dose radiation below the sterilization threshold may induce hormetic effects. Here, the biphasic aspects of the fertile progeny population of S. frugiperda were analyzed using an age‐stage, two‐sex life table after dosing male and female pupae with 10–350 Gy gamma radiation. RESULTS: The parental sterilizing dose for 6‐day‐old female and male pupae was 200 and 350 Gy, respectively. The total longevity, pre‐adult survival rate, net reproduction rate, and intrinsic growth rate of the offspring population increased with decreasing radiation doses from 250 to 10 Gy. Offspring population of parents treated with low doses of 10–100 Gy showed better life table parameters compared to non‐irradiated controls. Females and males fecundity irradiated with 10, 50, and 100 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively, exceeded controls, producing 2339.4, 2726.4, 2311, and 2369 eggs, as opposed to 1802.9 eggs produced by the controls. Males irradiated with 10 Gy displayed the highest intrinsic rates of increase and net reproduction rate, at 0.1709 and 682.3, respectively. Projections from the survival rate and fecundity indicated that female and male S. frugiperda populations after 10 Gy irradiation may grow considerably faster than the controls. CONCLUSION: This study explores the hormetic effects of low‐dose radiation on S. frugiperda through life table analysis, while providing enhancements for utilizing substerilizing gamma dose in a modified F1 sterility technique. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of allograft tendons in orthopedic surgery and the challenges associated with their sterilization. Allograft tissue is often used when autograft options are limited, but it comes with risks such as disease transmission and increased healing time. The study evaluated the effects of two sterilization processes on rabbit allograft tissue and found that a specific sterilization technique resulted in improved cellular density, energy absorption, and collagen density. The findings suggest that further research is needed to understand the best sterilization methods and reduce the risk of disease transmission. [Extracted from the article]

Foodborne pathogens are the main factors causing food poisoning, and it is of great significance to develop novel nanocomposites to obtain efficient and stable photothermal-assisted photocatalysts for killing foodborne pathogens. In this paper, Z-type heterojunction WO 3 /TpPa-1 with a core-shell structure was constructed by in-situ synthesis, and the Nb 2 CT x was used as a co-catalyst to obtain an efficient ternary composite WO 3 /TpPa-1/N-Nb 2 CT x. Compared to the monomers, the ternary composites improved light trapping, interfacial separation effectiveness, and the mobility of photogenerated carriers. The WO 3 /TpPa-1/15% N-Nb 2 CT x has the best sterilization efficiency of 99.69% under visible-infrared light irradiation for 30 min. The construction of WO 3 /TpPa-1/N-Nb 2 CT x promoted the separation of electron and hole pairs, which improved the electron transport efficiency and the generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, the excellent photothermal effect of Nb 2 CT x improves the sterilization performance of WO 3 /TpPa-1/N-Nb 2 CT x. The WO 3 /TpPa-1/N-Nb 2 CT x has a broad application prospect in photothermal-assisted photocatalytic sterilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Water environmental pollution especially caused by bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms always would accelerate the spread of infectious diseases and has been one of the issues highly concerned by the World Health Organization for a long time. The development of novel antibacterial materials with high activity for water cleanness was of great importance for public health and ecological sustainable development. In this work, we developed two really free-standing conjugated microprous polymers (CMPs) film with large size and processibility by a simple and convenient solid surface-assisted polymerization between bromo- and aryl-acetylene monomers. With the solid interfacial orientation from silica nanofibers, the resulting CMPs film exhibited nanotube-liked morphology with BET surface area of 379.5 m2 g−1 and 480.1 m2 g−1. The introduction of antibacterial isocyanurate and acetanilide group into polymer skeleton brings the resulting CMPs film intrinsically antimicrobial capability and durability. The growth of E. coli can be completely inhibited by the resulting CMPs film even after several cycles. Our work was suggested to provide a new route for rational design of CMPs film or membrane with antibacterial activity for water treatment and sterilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sterilization on the nanostructural alteration of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems in endodontics using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods: The study was performed on four commercially available rotary Ni-Ti files: group I—Vortex Blue (Dentsply), group II—ProTaper Next (Dentsply), group III—Mtwo (VDW), and group IV—iRaCe (FKG). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4), that is, subgroup A—control (new rotary file), subgroup B—subjected for five cycles of autoclave, subgroup C—immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes, and subgroup D—immersed in 17% EDTA solutions for 5 minutes. All the specimens were evaluated with AFM using roughness average (RA) and root-mean-square (RMS) values for surface roughness. Results: Among control groups, Vortex Blue showed the least RA and RMS values; the highest surface roughness was seen with Mtwo files. All the Ni-Ti rotary files showed a statistically significant (P <0.05) increase in surface hardness when subjected to autoclave and treatment with different irrigating solutions. In particular, 17% EDTA caused the highest surface deterioration in all the groups. Conclusion: AFM analysis revealed increased surface roughness values recorded for all the rotary files when treated with irrigating solutions and autoclave cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aging of rice starts from the time of its harvest and continues until it is consumed. It positively impacts the cooking and eating qualities of rice, but natural aging takes years. In this study, artificial aging of rice was carried out at 70°C using simultaneous infrared (IR) radiation heating (3.18 × 104 W/m2) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 h and ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiation (49.24 J/cm2‐h) in a designed box. IR heating at 70°C combined with UV‐C irradiation for 5 h was the optimized condition for artificial aging. At optimized conditions, the proportionate change of rice was the highest as 0.21, followed by that for naturally aged (0.15) and non‐aged (0.08). The values of elongation ratio and actual elongation after cooking were the highest in artificial aging, followed by those for naturally aged and non‐aged rice. Water uptake (%) value was also the highest for artificial aging (89.62%), followed by that for naturally aged (68.45%) and non‐aged (59.93%) rice. Furthermore, nutritional values, microstructure, and antibacterial studies were carried out at optimized conditions. No significant changes in nutritional values viz., starch, protein, and fat were observed in artificially aged rice in comparison to one‐year‐old naturally aged rice. Electron microscopy analysis showed no changes in the structure of starch granules, which further revealed no adverse effect of IR radiation heating on the microstructure of rice. Results from the spread plate assay showed no growth of bacterial colony indicating the antibacterial effectiveness of artificial aging. Thus, simultaneous artificial aging as well as surface disinfection of rice can be carried out by combining IR radiation heating and UV‐C irradiation. These observations endorsed the effectiveness of the designed box for the artificial aging of rice without compromising the cooking and nutritional qualities. A preliminary sensory test was conducted. Overall, an efficient, inexpensive, and easy‐to‐handle artificial aging combined with surface disinfection was accomplished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dose radiation has been extensively employed in clinical practice, including tumor immunotherapy, chronic inflammation treatment and nidus screening. However, the damage on the spleen caused by low-dose radiation significantly increases the risk of late infection-related mortality, and there is currently no corresponding protective strategy. In the present study, a novel compound preparation named CB001 mainly constituted of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) and Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) was developed to alleviate splenic injury caused by fractionated low-dose exposures. As our results show that, white pulp atrophy and the excessive apoptosis in spleen tissue induced by radiation exposure were significantly ameliorated by CB001. Mechanistically, BAX-caspase-3 signaling and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling were demonstrated to be involved in the radio-protective activity of CB001 with the selective activators. Furthermore, the crosstalk between apoptosis signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in mediating the radio-protective activity of CB001 was clarified, in which the pro-apoptotic protein BAX but not the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 was found to be downstream of NLRP3. Our study demonstrated that the use of a novel drug product CB001 can potentially facilitate the alleviation of radiation-induced splenic injury for patients receiving medical imaging diagnosis or fractionated radiation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural optimization promotes water sterilization by low-voltage pulsed electric field. [Display omitted] • Cu 7 S 4 nanowire coated with N -doped carbon film is beneficial to the anchoring of Ag, and the loaded silver particles enhance the adsorption of O 2. • The successful coating of N -doped carbon layer and Ag particles improved the poor durability and conductivity of Cu 7 S 4. • The work function and electron difference density of different kinds of N -doped Cu 7 S 4 @NC@Ag demonstrate the direction of interface carrier transport. • The removal efficiency can still reach 99% after 8 h of continuous treatment at 6 V and 1000 mL min−1 flow rate. There are many methods of water disinfection, and how to realize low energy consumption, high efficiency and safety sterilization has always been a research hotspot. In this work, Cu 7 S 4 nanowires were grown on copper foam, and coated with N -doped carbon layer and Ag particles, which not only improved the conductivity and local field enhancement regions of the material, but also improved the durability and mechanical stability of Cu 7 S 4. DFT (Density functional theory) calculation shows that different kinds of N doping make the electron difference density and work function of the surrounding C different, which leads to high carrier transport capacity at the interface, and Ag anchored in N -doped carbon films can adsorb O 2. The band gap of the material is 2.12 eV, and the material has the potential to generate superoxide anion under energy excitation. Under the condition of 6 V voltage and 1000 mL min−1 water flow rate, the long-term water filtration sterilization of high-concentration bacteria can be realized, and the removal efficiency can still reach 99% after 8 h continuous treatment. This work has great application prospects for the purification of highly polluted water in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]