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Nature sports have been touted for their value "as ways of pursuing excellence and relating to the environment" (Krein 2014, 207). This value, however, is not widely available, in large part due to structural features that create barriers to access for all but able-bodied white men possessing substantial disposable income. In this paper, we will analyse four 'isms' that are prominent in nature sport: ableism, classism/elitism, racism, and sexism/heterosexism. Through an examination of nature sports like surfing, skiing, snowboarding, and climbing, we argue that the current culture of nature sports contains institutionalized isms. If we are to create spaces for inclusion and authentic participation and experiences in nature sports, then change needs to occur. To that end, we will address counterculture(s) and programs that challenge the ism-saturated established norms of nature sports, removing barriers to access and opening value-laden opportunities for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite perceived postracial ideologies of American sport, players, coaches, fans, and media have been complicit in reaffirming racial hierarchies through racist microaggressions and remarks. Such racist violations are commonly exposed in the current moment of widespread social media engagement and social justice activism. Subsequently, many violators issue apologies—often employing the conjunction "if"—which hinges the apology on the condition of the targeted group taking offense. We call these conditional apologies nonapology apologies and argue that they fall within a racializing apologia framework, devaluing and questioning the place of those offended in American society and sport, and reinforcing White supremacy. In this paper, we examine apology statements by sports figures and explore the implications of nonapology apologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NHL has a long-standing, problematic relationship with race. The North American sporting and racial climate have brought even more attention to this reality. A notable tactic to counter the accusation of reinforcing racism within sports corporations, including the NHL, is publicly associating themselves with minoritized organizations. This often occurs through formal partnerships or the acquisition of minoritized-founded entities, initiatives, and organizations. This paper considers how salient discourses of race and Blackness are articulated by the hosts and contributors of NHL Studio's Soul on Ice: The Podcast (SOIP) as an acquired NHL entity. The NHL aims to reposition itself on issues of race and the portrayal of Black members within hockey through SOIP. The podcast gives a platform to empower Black voices within White hockey culture but also problematically enmeshes the NHL within the commodification of Black culture and hardship. The acquisition of Soul on Ice: The Podcast by the NHL is used to sanitize and shield the league while reinforcing the normative Whiteness of hockey. Further, the consequences of the leagues' commodification of Blackness and the nuanced experiences of Black NHL players and community members shared via the podcast are unpacked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the burgeoning Latinx student population in the United States, a conspicuous gap exists in the academic literature, particularly within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) context. Consequently, the central objective of this study was to redress this void by analyzing the racial experiences encountered by NCAA Division I Latinx student-athletes enrolled in Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs). To fulfill this objective, the researchers applied a qualitative phenomenological approach, seeking an in-depth comprehension of the significance of diversity practices within the distinct educational milieus inhabited by the study's participants. Employing Latin Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) as the theoretical framework, the authors gathered data through six semi-structured interviews and supplemented this information with pertinent diversity and inclusion-related information derived from each participating university and the respective athletic programs. The study's findings underscored the persistent issue of racial discrimination confronted by NCAA Division I Latinx student-athletes within the university setting. Remarkably, despite the extensive diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) trainings and councils within these institutions, Latinx student-athletes continued to grapple with racial disparities. Indeed, recurring themes from the data highlighted their significant reliance on familial support and campus resources as strategies for navigating and mitigating these challenges. In light of a substantial body of scholarly work that recognizes the critical importance of DEI in sport, this study serves as a poignant reminder of the pressing need for further academic and practical endeavors aimed at effectively addressing racial disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the tenuous balance of Indigenous generosity in hockey spaces with the need for non-Indigenous players and organizers to educate themselves and others, pursue systemic change, and unburden Indigenous players of the heavy lifting of anti-racism. Interviews with five Indigenous elite women's hockey players identify hockey as a potential site of decolonial and anti-racist learning, fueled by the players' love for the game and willingness to expend emotional labor to affect change. Our interviewees express the desire to make hockey safer for future generations of Indigenous players by educating their non-Indigenous teammates, often, in the process, exposing themselves to ignorance, indifference, and racism. The players uniformly argue that education is required for change; however, this paper illustrates that such education is not solely the responsibility of Indigenous participants in the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article commentary highlights the pattern of findings from various projects conducted in the United Kingdom on football fans and in Australia on football, Australian Rules football, and rugby league fans, regarding the extent of fan racism present in each sport. It is from these projects I argue that toxic Whiteness is present in a White dominant society through a practice that locates the characteristics associated with Whiteness (power, privilege, dominance, supremacy, difference) at the top of the racial hierarchy. Although Whites can consciously or unconsciously express or resist engaging in racist behaviour, I argue that expressions of racism that are meant to cause harm or distress to "Other" individuals or groups are at the core of toxic Whiteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Question: There is a dearth of research within prominent sport management outlets using critical race-based theories. This article provides a pathway to addressing this problem as we build on the call to address, challenge, and disrupt epistemological racism in sport management research. We propose adopting a theory of racialized organizations – a meso-level approach to examine organizations as racial structures. Research Methods: Within this conceptual paper, we provide an overview of the theory and apply it to specific case examples to highlight the utility of TRO within sport management research and practice. Results and Findings: Coupling TRO and sport management brings awareness to the racialization processes within sport organizations and helps disrupt dominant narratives of sport being race neutral. Implications: Utilizing TRO assists scholars in reframing research questions, increasing the study of racially minoritized sport stakeholders, and challenging notions of race neutrality that reinforce inequitable power relations. From a managerial perspective, sport leaders must interrogate the complicity in perpetuating racialization and how whiteness influences practices and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on original research from a larger study of racism and Islamophobia online around football, particularly a set of interviews with staff at English football clubs whose responsibility is to manage social media. We use that information alongside our reflections on "platformed racism" to appraise how expressions of racism on social media differ from those in and around the grounds, and how clubs and others in football contest them. This involves a consideration of three themes commonly identified by those speaking on behalf of the clubs: The triggers that ignite racist posts; the partnerships necessary to counter them; and their proposed solutions. Hence this is not just a cue for a collective wringing of hands, but an effort to point the way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the sportswriting of the 1920s, which has been criticized for its use of jargon, flowery language, and omission of negative aspects of sports heroes like Babe Ruth. It discusses how the press protected Ruth's image by downplaying or omitting negative information, and explores the unwritten code followed by sports reporters at the time. The article also discusses the shift in sportswriting towards revealing personal details about athletes' lives, contrasting it with the more heroic portrayal of athletes in the 1920s. It highlights the impact of books like "Ball Four" in changing the landscape of sports journalism and questions the role of sportswriters. [Extracted from the article]

Sport management classrooms prepare practitioners and decision makers to work in Sport for Development (SfD). A core issue within SfD is a lack of critical racial reflexivity, particularly with racially White professionals, which maintains inequitable power structures and keeps SfD programs from reaching their intended goal of facilitating positive outcomes. This study, informed by critical Whiteness studies, aimed to understand how White undergraduate sport management students critically reflected upon race while participating in an SfD service-learning course. Analyzing written reflections completed in the course, we found that students utilized Race Evasiveness and Race Explicitness, despite course content and SfD practice explicitly focused on race. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a significant focal point of research has been dedicated to the role of sport in the lives of youth, few articles have explored sporting experiences among incarcerated youth. Often overlooked, this population is highly disenfranchised and overrepresented by youth of color. Nonetheless, emerging research has proposed sport as an important developmental tool in the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. Informed by critical race theory, the current study included semistructured interviews with nine incarcerated Black males, exploring the meaning of sport in their lives. Results included themes around family induction into sport, sport versus street life, sport teaching life skills, and sport as a distraction. Findings offer insight into how youth of color in the juvenile justice system conceptualize the role of sport and consequently, how sport may be harnessed for positive youth outcomes in correctional settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NBA's (National Basketball Association's) racial justice initiatives during the 2020 Playoff Bubble are considered an act of corporate social advocacy and provide an exemplary scenario to explore this intersection of sport and politics. Based on this observation, the purpose of this study was to explore how one's level of identification with the NBA and his/her identification with a political party can impact one's perception of the NBA's racial justice initiatives. Specifically, the researchers wanted to determine if outrage toward the NBA and one's perception of the NBA's reputation is influenced more by one's political identity or one's fanship for the league. A survey was conducted using a national convenience sample of 518 participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results showed that while both fanship and political identity had effects on one's outrage toward the NBA and one's perceived reputation of the NBA, the stronger factor differed between Democrats and Republicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioarchaeology, as a subdiscipline, has begun confronting its colonial origins and discussing how to incorporate stakeholders and ethically move forward. Here, we frame this discussion within the context of Sudan and Ancient Nubia. We argue that first we must acknowledge the sordid history of the discipline and then actively take steps to dismantle continuing systems of racism, sexism, and western-centered biases. We begin by discussing the history of the excavation, analysis, and treatment of human skeletal remains from early excavations through to current projects. We then turn to an examination of how we can further decolonize bioarchaeology in Sudan. This will certainly involve working closely with local communities and the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums, as well as a reconsideration of decision-making processes. We are working towards a best care practices document, detailing guidelines for the curation and analysis of human skeletal remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a dearth of research that has explored the differences and similarities in First Nations male and female hockey players' experiences while playing elite hockey in the Canadian mainstream. I used tribal critical race theory, Indigenous feminisms, Indigenous methodologies, and interviews with 10 male and 10 female First Nations elite hockey players to understand the differences and similarities in their experiences of moving away from home to pursue hockey in the mainstream. I produced two main themes: the challenges that the athletes experienced, which included new languages, culture shock, and racism; and the benefits, which were athletic and personal growth and support from their home community. There were important differences between male and female participants, which included the males facing more violent and overt racism than the female players, and the female players needing to travel farther away from home due to a lack of opportunities to play hockey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text explores the intersection of sports, imperialism, and indigenous cultures in the context of French and British colonialism. It discusses the history of Maori involvement in rugby in New Zealand and how Maori players used the sport to challenge racial and social boundaries. The text compares the coverage of Maori players in French and British press during rugby tours, noting the lack of recognition of their indigenous heritage in French reporting. The Maori All Blacks rugby team's tour in France in 1926-1927 challenged European superiority but was often described using racist tropes by the French press. The tour highlighted power dynamics between indigenous communities and French colonial administrators, as well as the limitations of French understanding and engagement with indigenous cultures. [Extracted from the article]

This study considers the flying of Palestinian flags by Celtic Football Club supporters in Scotland as an illustration of political activism in sport. Despite being over 4000 kilometres away and holding no ethnic, national or religious connections with any community involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle-East, fans wave these flags to demonstrate backing for Palestinian people. With reference to an historical context of the ethno-religious origins of Celtic FC and its supporting fanbase being significantly composed of members of a multi-generational Irish-Catholic diasporic minority community in Scotland, through utilizing fan writings, self-representations, and the results of a small survey of supporters, this research provides for deeper understanding of the intermittent use of sport as a space for 'taking sides' in conflicts that have ethnic, national, religious, and political resonances. Critically, this insight also offers important reflections regarding narratives of antisemitism in football and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the identity resources available to Black and Brown students who play football across space in their school, and how the resources were used to navigate situations of race, racism and identity. Natural conversations and participant observations detailed experiences, identities, and resistance as they moved through spaces within their school environment. Sociocultural learning theories frame their experiences through composite space narratives. Reframing what constitutes learning, who's considered an educator and what are considered educational spaces is necessary. Findings provide implications for identities being supported across space and the role of football coaches in facilitating learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ted Lasso (2020–23) has garnered much acclaim from both fans and critics, racking up an impressive 21 Emmy nominations for its final season. Commentators repeatedly highlighted that the show's emphasis on kindness, compassion and empathy was a key aspect of its success. This article will investigate how this emphasis played out when tackling complex issues such as racism, xenophobia and anti-immigrant sentiment in the context of English football and its fandom. I argue that the show used special episodes and emphasized individual action with regard to systemic issues, employing post-racial narrative logics, appeals to multiculturalism, tokenism and strategic Whiteness, to deflect from organizational and societal accountability for entrenched discrimination. The same pattern is also seen in the narrative arcs of Sam Obisanya and Nate Shelley. Though the two have contrasting depictions – the latter turning villainous for a time while the former remains virtuous – I maintain that both reflect a larger disinterest in the interiority of characters of colour relative to their White counterparts. I will also examine how the show sidesteps systemic racism in English football fandom to portray fans as largely positive. Finally, through an analysis of Edwin Akufo, I argue that the show's commentary on issues in world football also reinforces racist stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated if National Sport Organisation's (NSO) staff members and safe sport policymakers see safe sport policies as addressing anti-Indigenous racism and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (TRC) Calls to Action (CTA) for sport through safe sport policies. To do this, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 participants from eight NSOs and examined these NSOs' safe sport policies, including equity, diversity, and inclusion policies. The participants and the documents produced three main discourses: 1) Anti-Indigenous racism policies are not required because safe sport policies are inclusive of everyone, including Indigenous peoples; 2) policies alone are insufficient: Safe sport education and resources are needed to address anti-Indigenous racism; 3) the TRC's CTA are not being treated as a priority by Sport Canada but NSOs want to act on the CTA in consultation with Indigenous organisations. Taken together, these discourses reflect that NSOs are exercising power by leaving anti-Indigenous racism out of safe sport policies and by deciding if, when, and how the TRC's CTAs such as Call 90 are taken up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black women student-athlete activists at a historically white institution of higher education represent a group with unique lived experiences framed by intersecting identities. As student-activists, they are at risk for adverse mental health concerns associated with the emotional toils of fighting for racial justice. As Black female student-athletes at a historically white institution, they are also at risk for isolation. Acknowledging that race, class, and gender consistently intersect in sport is a necessary prerequisite for better mental health treatment, and for understanding Black women in sport and society. The purpose of this report is to identify the target groups' needs from their perspectives as Black women student-athlete activists, for the purposes of understanding and serving them better. We present interviews with six Black female student-athlete activists at a historically white institution of higher education and three recommendations for sport psychology consultants positioned to be their allies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent high-profile incidents involving racism at hockey's highest levels have cast serious concerns regarding the prevalence of racism in the sport. However, limited scholarly literature has examined the prevalence of racism in Canadian hockey across the lesser-known competitive developmental levels (e.g., junior, collegiate, and minor-professional). Employing a critical race framework, we interviewed Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) regarding their experiences with racism in Canadian hockey. The findings reveal that actions that keep BIPOC players on the outside looking in exist at even the sport's youngest levels. The findings also indicate that governing bodies often fail to protect BIPOC players when racist incidents occur. Further research regarding racism in hockey is needed to more fully understand the deleterious impact of racist behavior on the sport and those who play it, and to identify strategies that can promote a more egalitarian opportunity structure than currently exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The old adage has two people out hiking who run into a bear. One starts running while the other asks 'why are you running? You can't outrun a bear'. To which the other responds, 'I don't have to outrun the bear. I only have to outrun you'. Hiking/trekking is not typically a competitive endeavor characterized by contests but, like many endeavors/pursuits/activities, competition can be injected into it; thereby sportifying it. Swimming is a sport (under certain conditions). At the same time, it is also a recreational activity and a form of physical exercise; likewise angling/fishing, climbing, cross-country skiing, mountain biking, kayaking, rowing, surfing, et al. The categorization of many activities under the umbrella of sport has it uses to understand the wider concept of what is sport, but the purpose of why one engages in 'physical activities taking place in a natural environment' can sometimes be more important than whether some activities might or might not qualify to be classified under the rubric of sports at all. Indicators exist to show whether participants are actually engaged toward—driven in a way, even—to further their skills in their focused activity (if it is a focused activity at all!––i.e. a 'serious leisure' pursuit or just a recreational hobby). From this perspective (of looking at sport-like and sporting activities in other than Olympic-style forms) this paper explores the differentiations between sport (including nature sport) contests, nature challenge activities (NCAs) and outdoor recreation from the standpoint of the most relevant factors that distinguish them: rules, skill development, purpose for engaging in them. This paper also makes the case that differentiating participants in the above activities by purpose (as either nature challenge recreationalists or nature sport devotees) has utility; to better help research into people's engagement in physical activities in natural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to critically examine the paradoxical coexistence of social benefits and the perpetuation of racism in Belgian club-organised junior football. In doing so, this article begins by providing a literature review of racism in junior football and describes the social, historical, and political context in which the research is taking place. Subsequently, we draw on 15 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Belgian club-organised football about their personal experiences with racism to examine attitudes towards race, manifestations of racism, and its formative aspect. Based on the analyses, the article argues that the "white colonial frame" serves as a dominant attitude towards race in Belgian club-organised football. Ultimately, this cultural place does not inherently entail social progression or transformation, rather it reinscribes the dominant racial frame and sustains a status quo. Social progression seems only achievable through the decolonisation of ideologies and reform of social norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black local television sports journalists throughout the United States were surveyed to discover how they view both their perceived place in the newsroom and media treatment of, and their own interactions with, Black athletes. The majority say that Black athletes are negatively stereotyped and that, as Black journalists, they have an easier time relating to and telling the story of the Black athlete. Using a thematic analysis of the open-ended comments, the authors found perspective, realization of racism, discriminatory hiring practices, and emotional labor to be common themes. Findings from this mixed methods study point to their belief that hiring more Black television sports journalists could improve coverage of Black athletes, but there are doubts that those job opportunities exist. When discussing their own experiences, the Black television sports journalists said there is some "tokenism" within television station hiring practices that makes it difficult for many of them to be hired. Practical implications for the future of sports journalism and newsroom diversity is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1964, Newsday columnist Stan Isaacs quoted San Francisco Giants manager Alvin Dark making disparaging comments about his team's Black and Latino players. This article analyzes the controversy over the Newsday column, with a focus on the interpretations of sports journalists. Most baseball writers excused Dark and attacked Isaacs, who was one of the "Chipmunks"—a cohort of young, socially conscious columnists for East Coast afternoon newspapers. The San Francisco press protected Dark out of regional identification, while New York's veteran writers resented the style of the upstarts. The mainstream press muffled the genuine grievances of Black and Latino players, and it manipulated the statements and actions of superstars Jackie Robinson and Willie Mays. Although Black columnists saw Dark's comments as indicative of racism in sports, most sportswriters downplayed the conflict, reflecting baseball's prevalent biases in this era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the development of an important subculture which has received scant academic attention: football's casual movement of the 1980s. By analysing hooligan autobiographies, it investigates how the casual look spread from Merseyside and Manchester in the late 1970s to encompass every major city and town in Britain by the middle of the following decade. It delineates the attractions of the hooligan firms and shows how, through their use of ritualised violence they fought to become hegemonic in working-class communities. It explores how two key myths about football hooligans became dominant in the popular memory of the 1970s and 1980s. First, the hooligan became uniquely associated with racism in the popular imaginary. The second dominant myth was that the widespread consumption of the drug ecstasy during the acid house and rave years between c.1988 and 1992 saw the end of terrace violence. While the autobiographies largely provide support for the latter, the former is more complex. Via the analysis of the testimony of black and white football hooligans, I show that the racist/hooligan couplet did important ideological work to conceal the degree to which racism continued to figure in British football, into the 1990s, despite the decline in football-related violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that video games can function as a critical platform from which to intervene into the conjunction between embodied experiences of racialisation and the production of race as a category within the cybernetic forms of identification of platform capitalism. Through analysis of the role played by race in video game cultures in Brazil, I explore both the affordances of video games and the limitations of their use in the fight against the specific forms that racism takes in the digital age. I carry out an in-depth analysis of two recent games, Dandara (2018) and Mandinga (2021), which both construct powerful critiques of "algorithmic racism" in Brazil, by focusing on the relationship between their representation of race at the levels of narrative, plot, and imagery and the ways in which the player interacts with the games' algorithms. While Dandara exploits tensions between the two to draw attention to the mix of authoritarian and "instrumentarian" (Zuboff) power in contemporary Brazil, Mandinga highlights parallels between its gameplay and the processes of racialisation to present algorithmic racism, which often goes unnoticed, as an act of violence that inherits some of the procedures of slavery and the social systems that perpetuated it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between Jackie Robinson and Paul Robeson, two influential African American activists. It challenges the belief that Robinson condemned Robeson for his communist beliefs, providing historical context and dispelling misconceptions. The article emphasizes the accomplishments and challenges faced by both men, with Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball and participating in the civil rights movement, while Robeson gained international fame and became radicalized through experiences with racism and anti-imperialist movements. It also explores the impact of the Red Scare on Robeson's reputation and the backlash he faced for his political views. The article concludes with Robinson's testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee, where he carefully balanced the pressure to denounce Robeson while expressing loyalty to Black Americans. The article also discusses the contrasting responses of Robinson and Robeson to the HUAC hearings in 1949, with Robinson criticizing racial discrimination and defending Robeson's right to hold personal views, while Robeson held a press conference to respond to the backlash and criticized HUAC for insulting both him and Robinson. The article highlights the different treatment and legacies of the two men, with Robinson being celebrated as an American hero and Robeson facing severe consequences for his political beliefs. [Extracted from the article]

College football programs invest millions of dollars into recruiting top high school prospects. This recruiting process is covered extensively by reporters from sports media outlets. While the players being recruited are predominately Black, the sports media is disproportionately dominated by White men. In this context, the current study reports on data from interviews with 15 participants who work in the college football recruiting media industry. While some participants adopted a color-blind perspective dominated by a belief that racism no longer exists, most reporters expressed an awareness of racial stereotypes in the sports media and felt a need to address racial inequity. Such awareness presents an opportunity for anti-racist training that may help media members avoid racial stereotyping and address racism in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engaging with Kimberlé Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality, the authors (re)turn to its genesis in critical race theory (CRT) and specifically, its forms of structural intersectionality, political intersectionality, and representational intersectionality. Discussing each form in relation to contemporary issues in sport that Black women and women of Color navigate, they argue that Crenshaw's intersectionality provides additional compelling layers of engagement with existing intersectional scholarship and scholarship about activism in sport, invites structural and discursive change through intersectional policies and practice, and promotes coalition building toward intersectional racial justice in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article responds to a number of recent debates in the field of International Relations (IR) that have contributed to the image of IR as a post-racial and post-colonial discipline. As such, the present intervention asks how the politics of colonial racism continues to structure IR precisely at a time when this issue has been relegated to the discipline's uncomfortable history. The key contention will be that the image of IR as a post-racial and post-colonial discipline is facilitated by an ideology of stupidity. The latter is defined as a regime of naturalising the contingency of ideas as well as the inability to transform them. As such, the stupidity of IR enhances its incapacity to address phenomena that escape the artificial boundaries of its disciplinary identity, in this case the politics of colonial racism. Specifically, this ideology of stupidity is characterised by two modalities. The first modality concerns a process of gentrification through which alternative forms of knowing that defy IR's disciplinary identity have either been assimilated into a conception of IR that strips it of its more transformative potential or simply annihilated into non-existence. The latter constitutes a second modality of the ideology of stupidity as the destruction of alternative epistemological perspectives. However, as stupidity constitutes a transcendental structure of thought that can never be eliminated entirely, the article concludes that overcoming stupidity in IR requires constant vigilance towards its systemic institutionalisation, as it is the later that distributes its image of a post-racial and post-colonial discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The media possess the power to place an issue of such social importance as racism on the public agenda, in addition to their responsibility to help combat expressions of hate instead of fuelling them. This study analyses online coverage by the four main Spanish sports newspapers (Marca, As, Mundo Deportivo and Sport) of the racist insults suffered by the Real Madrid footballer Vinicius Junior in the 2022-23 season. Although similar events had occurred in the past with other players, the attacks on the Brazilian striker alone accounted for 25% of the 3,572 reports of racism in sport published by these media outlets in the player's five seasons in LaLiga. The study identifies the factors that unleashed this media storm, including the protagonist's public profile, and confirms that when faced with an exceptional situation such as this, the newspapers published in two cities with such a fierce football rivalry as Madrid and Barcelona respond with similar degrees of attention, though they do take different approaches. The capital's media (Marca and As) present the player exclusively as a victim of the attacks with no type of reproach towards him. However, one in ten texts on the Catalan portals (Mundo Deportivo and Sport) spoke of supposed provocative attitudes by the player or mention complaints of preferential treatment when compared to other sportspersons affected by similar attitudes of hatred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Tellus is the property of Revista Tellus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Black U.S. military affiliated sport fans hold a unique place in society, as their multiple identities (i.e., racial and career) may possess conflicting elements. Militarism preaches nationalism, meritocracy, and bootstrapism, whereas Black sport activism questions if these "American" values extend to people of color. The current study interviewed Black military affiliated individuals (N = 10) to understand their perceptions on nationalism and racism within the landscape of contemporary sport activism. The protests initiated by Colin Kaepernick of the National Football League, who took a knee during the pregame national anthem, was a focal point for discussion with the participants. Three main themes were identified in the interviews: (a) protectors of the first amendment, (b) the "right" and "wrong" way to protest, and (c) new racism and color blindness in sport. This study allows a group that is not often studied to voice their perceptions of nationalism and racism in the context of sport activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major League Baseball's (MLB) unwritten rules and unspoken norms communicate the continuing role that white American cultural values have within the sport. Coded into the past and present, foreign-born players, especially those from Latin America, confront these norms as they arrive to MLB with a distinctly Caribbean tíguere style of play. MLB seeks to overcome these differences by promoting its young Latino superstars through the marketing campaign Let the Kids Play. However, all actors, from The Office of the Commissioner of Baseball to current players, must increase their cultural competency and uproot their essentialist viewpoints to understand that these players are not trying to show up their opponent, but are instead adhering to the style of play they themselves learned and know best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study analyses whistleblowing in relation to incidents of racism in one Norwegian Premier Division FC. Focused on stakeholder management, the paper examines: (1) the management of the whistleblowing case and its impact on stakeholders; and (2) how the stakeholders' roles changed over time. Main findings: a) the failure by the board to act effectively on the original complaint allowed the dispute to escalate; b) the actions of the whistleblower's colleagues were crucial in forcing a reopening of the case; c) some stakeholders were conflicted by being both stakeowners and stakewatchers; d) the inaction by regulartory organisations (stakekeepers); e) the extent to which power, urgency, legitimacy and homogeneity of interests were crucial in determining the management of the incident; and f) the requirement for stakeowneers to reinforce their de jure ownership with effective, de facto, leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the historical oversight of cricket in English society, specifically focusing on discrimination, elitism, and exclusion within the sport. Investigations have revealed a long history of social elitism, racial and gender prejudice, and resistance to change within the cricket community. The article argues for the recognition of sport as a valuable subject in historical research and emphasizes the need for a more inclusive approach to ensure the future appeal of cricket. It also discusses the development of two distinct cricket cultures in England based on social class, which has led to a decline in the standards of play in certain regions. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: Racism is embedded in society and, therefore, in sports. This paper summarizes the long history of racism directed at Black athletes in the United States, the various ways that racism is manifest in sports, and the psychological impact of racism on individual athletes. Suggestions for addressing racism in the clinical setting as well as in the athletic environment are presented, along with several clinical vignettes. Because racism affects everyone, it is suggested that clinicians advance their self-awareness and knowledge of the problem, and several avenues for doing so are presented. It is suggested, in addition, that the topic of race be included in the therapeutic agenda while keeping in mind that it is the patient’s prerogative to determine when race is relevant and when it is not.

Racism is a major social and cultural problem that has, in various forms, plagued football for a long time. Despite the attempts of official bodies to root it out, racist talk and behaviour are still rife among players as well as in fan communities. The present paper provides a case study of online users' comments on the media coverage of a series of controversial incidents during a recent UEFA Europa League matchinvolving an alleged verbal act of racial abuse between two players. Adopting a discourse analytical perspective, the paper contrasts how the match controversies were reflected in the users' public online discourses in two different cultural communities, namely the UK and the Czech Republic, and identifies some of the similarities and differences between the two. The analysis shows how the users reframe the underlying racist issue, trivialize it through humour and relativize its seriousness. The data indicate that such discourses surrounding football are important for understanding how fans construct various group identities and how specific socio-cultural contexts influence the perception of race-related controversies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial diversity has shaped skateboarding in the US and beyond. Scholarly attention to race and skateboarding, however, remains fixated with critiquing whiteness and consequently racial diversity is considered ethereal, subordinate, or exploited for profit. Rarely are skateboarders afforded the capacity for navigating complex racial dynamics or fluid racial identities. While wary of romanticising racial diversity in skateboarding, this article explores three possibilities for thinking about skateboarding and race drawn from media made for consumption within skate culture, video in this case. First, racial diversity is integral to skate culture in its heartlands and around the world. Second, skateboarding appeals to racially diverse participants, offering ways of being and belonging outside of families, communities, and institutions. Third, skateboarding, as a sport and culture, is overlooked as site for alternative stories about race, racism, and racial diversity both challenging and affirming broader socio-cultural experiences and narratives in time and place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the emergence of public debates about the obligation of athletes with transnational heritage to perform the national anthem. While the sporting national anthem has a contentious history in Germany, the question of the obligation to sing only emerged in 2010, once Germany’s men’s national football team began to reflect the true diversity of the citizenry. As some players chose to pray or silently focus and reflect during those crucial moments before the match, commentators began to raise questions about their commitment and true loyalties. Discourse around national sports reflects and reconstructs national politics of culture, race, and citizenship. It both symbolizes the optimism of national communities and reveals the fragility of support for celebrated “role models of integration.” Every time the anthem plays and the cameras pan player’s faces, the audience is invited to scrutinize and interpret their emotions and motivations. Beyond the right to judge, media discourse has established the public’s entitlement to command (minoritized) players’ bodies. This study analyzes the asymmetrical power of competing narrations by the mainstream media and players themselves. However, while players’ voices were elicited only to be dismissed, the persistent non-performance of the anthem exerted its own counterhegemonic effect. Athletes’ assertion of control over their bodies and voices became an act of resistance. While this debate demonstrates the depth of racist logics underlying the self-declared positivity of “soccer patriotism,” it also reveals how small counterhegemonic acts can shatter that benign façade by making racism visible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the cultural and historical significance of football in Germany, tracing its impact from the late 19th century to the present day. Topics include the transformative role of football in German society, its portrayal in literature and cinema, and its influence on cultural production.

The current study focuses on identifying civic opportunities embedded in associational involvement in football fan clubs. The context of this research was confined to fan clubs affiliated with two German football teams (i.e. Hamburger SV and FC St. Pauli) located in close proximity yet revealing contrasting cultural traits. The methodology used followed the stages of critical ethnography to explore the dimensions of active engagement in football fan clubs. The results of the study indicate a within-group variation in the civic opportunity structure between the football fan clubs examined. Specifically, the degree to which each member develops social ties and acquires hard skills varies significantly. Such variation is facilitated by two conditions that underpin associational engagement within the fan clubs and identified by this study on a reactive/proactive and simple/complex value structure schema. The findings regarding the within-group variation and the conditions that facilitate such a variation provide an effective platform to assess civic opportunity structures of voluntary associations in sport fandom. While this study presents additional support to regard the within-group variation when assessing civic potential of voluntary associations, practitioners are encouraged to develop promotion and communication strategies to better target core fans that reflect level of engagement and value structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses public comments posted under Czech newspapers/media Facebook posts between March and August 2021 which engage with the matter of kneeling and support of Black Lives Matter in football. Findings suggest that there is a certain ignorance of the global politics of race which lead to complex discourses of a) 'rejection', b) 'reverse-racism', and c) 'colour-blind' ideologies. In these three prevalent narratives we also expose racialised and racist discourses in relation to its local context and socio-historical trajectory. Employing the theoretical concepts of 'colonial exceptionalism' and 'Eastern-Europeanism', the article captures some of the local roots of this racism in Czechia. We conclude that football enthusiast in Czech society tend to flag their own victimized positioning as 'other' Europeans who have also seen oppression rather than engaging with their whiteness and Europeanness as a global privilege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nascent literature is emerging that analyzes the case of Kaepernick who was "locked out" of the National Football League (NFL) beginning in 2017 because he chose to protest police brutality, systemic racism, and white supremacy. Using status expectations states theory and prototypicality theory, our research re-conceptualizes Kaepernick's lock-out as an infringement on his right to work. First, we utilize a modified case-study approach comparing his experiences to those of six other Black male athletes who were "locked out." Second, we utilize data and "matched cases" to demonstrate empirically that Kaepernick was locked out of the league while quarterbacks who were less qualified (based on specific performance measures) were allowed to continue working. Our analysis demonstrates that Kaepernick was denied his "right to work" because he, like other Black male athletes before him, challenged structural racism and white supremacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]