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The article discusses the lack of diversity in the institutions contributing to top management journals as well as significant biases in the academic job market, including gender and race biases, both in hiring outcomes for doctoral students and in the entry to doctoral programs. Kris Byron, the author and incoming editor of the Academy of Management Review, emphasizes the need to recognize that talent is not confined to a few elite institutions and that opportunities are not equally distributed. She suggests that institutions, including journals, should do more to realize the talent potential from diverse backgrounds and locations and outlines several initiatives aimed at leveling the playing field.

Despite the burgeoning Latinx student population in the United States, a conspicuous gap exists in the academic literature, particularly within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) context. Consequently, the central objective of this study was to redress this void by analyzing the racial experiences encountered by NCAA Division I Latinx student-athletes enrolled in Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs). To fulfill this objective, the researchers applied a qualitative phenomenological approach, seeking an in-depth comprehension of the significance of diversity practices within the distinct educational milieus inhabited by the study's participants. Employing Latin Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) as the theoretical framework, the authors gathered data through six semi-structured interviews and supplemented this information with pertinent diversity and inclusion-related information derived from each participating university and the respective athletic programs. The study's findings underscored the persistent issue of racial discrimination confronted by NCAA Division I Latinx student-athletes within the university setting. Remarkably, despite the extensive diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) trainings and councils within these institutions, Latinx student-athletes continued to grapple with racial disparities. Indeed, recurring themes from the data highlighted their significant reliance on familial support and campus resources as strategies for navigating and mitigating these challenges. In light of a substantial body of scholarly work that recognizes the critical importance of DEI in sport, this study serves as a poignant reminder of the pressing need for further academic and practical endeavors aimed at effectively addressing racial disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the presence and impact of customer-based racial discrimination in Europe's top five professional soccer leagues. While prior research in European sports has focused mainly on wages or nationalities rather than race, this paper employs a market test approach to assess the influence of racial preferences on stadium attendance. The study analyzes data from the 2008/09 to 2018/19 seasons of the European Big-5 soccer leagues and finds evidence of customer-based discrimination, which varies in degree and nature across the five countries and leagues. The research addresses a significant gap in the European sports economics literature, which has been extensively investigated in North American sports since the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusions and implicationsExisting research demonstrates that racial inequity influences mental health outcomes. However, few studies simultaneously analyze the multiple factors influencing racial disparities regarding these outcomes. Our study addresses this gap by analyzing the impact of discrimination, stress, self-esteem, racial identity, depressive symptoms, and demographic factors on anxiety symptoms.Participants were adults recruited from a primary care clinic in the Southeastern region of the United States. We utilized a stratified random sampling strategy to select 383 participants. Participants completed a survey designed to assess levels of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, self-esteem, racial identity, experiences with discrimination, and demographic information. A hierarchical regression analyzed which factors most impact symptoms of anxiety.Of the 363 participants in our study, the majority were female (71.3%), 57% were White identifying, 43% were Black identifying, and the average age was 54.4 (SD = 12.3). Model 4 accounted for 58% of the variance of anxiety symptoms and included a combination of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, self-esteem, experiences of everyday discrimination, and interaction terms. Within this model, perceived stress (t = 3.81, p < .01), experiences of everyday discrimination, (t = 2.33, p < .01), and income (t = -1.96, p < .01) were significantly associated with increased anxiety.Multiple contextual factors influence the relationship between race and anxiety. In particular, anxiety increases with lower rates of self-esteem and income. Conversely, anxiety increases with higher rates of stress, discrimination, and depressive symptoms. Social workers should consider each of these factors when treating patients presenting with symptoms of anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical mistrust among Black patients has been used to explain the existence of well-documented racial inequities at the end of life that negatively impact this group. However, there are few studies that describe patient perspectives around the impact of racism and discriminatory experiences on mistrust within the context of serious illness. Objective: To better characterize experiences of racism and discrimination among patients with serious illness and its association with medical mistrust. Participants: Seventy-two Black participants with serious illness hospitalized at an academic county hospital. Approach: This is a convergent mixed methods study using data from participant-completed surveys and existing semi-structured interviews eliciting participants' perspectives around their experiences with medical racism, communication, and decision-making. Main Measures: The experience of medical racism and its association with Group-Based Medical Mistrust (GBMM) scale scores, a validated measure of medical mistrust. Key Results: Of the 72 Black participants, 35% participated in interviews. Participants were mostly men who had significant socioeconomic disadvantage, including low levels of wealth, income, and educational attainment. There were reported high levels of race-based mistrust in the overall GBMM scale score (mean [SD], 36.6 [9.9]), as well as high scores within the suspicion (14.2 [5.0]), group disparities in healthcare (9.9 [2.8]), and lack of support (9.1 [2.7]) subscales. Three qualitative themes aligned with the GBMM subscales. Participants expressed skepticism of healthcare workers (HCWs) and modern medicine, recounted personal experiences of discrimination in the medical setting, and were frustrated with poor communication from HCWs. Conclusions: This study found high levels of mistrust among Black patients with serious illness. Suspicion of HCWs, disparities in healthcare by race, and a lack of support from HCWs were overarching themes that influenced medical mistrust. Critical, race-conscious approaches are needed to create strategies and frameworks to improve the trustworthiness of healthcare institutions and workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distress related to systemic racism in the public service and healthcare systems is linked to adverse mental health sequelae in racial and ethnic minority populations. Emerging research has found that distress related to racism may impact military veterans, an increasingly racially and ethnically diverse segment of the US population who are at increased risk of mental health problems relative to non-veterans. To date, however, no known study has examined longitudinal trends in distress related to systemic racism in this population. A nationally representative sample of 2361 US military veterans completed a baseline assessment in 2020 and a 2-year follow-up in 2022. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine longitudinal courses and baseline predictors of systemic racism-related distress. Relative to the veterans with no racism-related distress, those who reported racism-related distress across the 2-year study period were older, more likely to be female, Black, or Hispanic, and to have completed college or higher education, and reported more lifetime traumas and stressors. Nearly 4-of-5 of Black veterans endorsed distress related to systemic racism over the 2-year study period. Use of self-report and abbreviated measures of distress related to systemic racism. Results suggest that distress related to systemic racism may pose a significant emotional burden on subgroups of US veterans. They further underscore the importance of training clinicians to provide culturally-informed assessments and treatments for Black and other racial and ethnic minority veterans who bear the weight of racial discrimination. • Systemic racism is linked to negative mental health outcomes for Black Americans. • We evaluated longitudinal changes in racism-related distress in 2361 US military veterans. • Nearly 4 of 5 Black veterans endorsed systemic racism-related emotional distress. • Black veterans were more likely than others to have consistent or worsening distress. • Culturally-competent clinicians are needed to support the mental health needs of Black veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lived experiences with urban heat are often rendered invisible, shrouded under the cloak of neoliberal resilience discourse and sanitised heat mapping and messaging. This is particularly tragic for disadvantaged at‐risk populations in white, settler colonial contexts where heat tolerance is worn as a badge of honour. Here, drawing upon semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions in Perth, Western Australia, and with feminist emphasis on the embodied, the everyday, and bodily difference, we illustrate how corporeal thermal insecurities among rough sleepers, people with disabilities, and across intersectional disenfranchisement immobilise and dehumanise. By employing the logic of structures of violence to thermal suffering, we reveal how housing and energy precarity exacerbate entrenched racism and normalised discrimination. Our aim is to expand current debates on heat action plans (HAPs) and cool refuges by examining what “better weathering” could mean in practice, via the materialities of heated urban bodies (HUBs) and to demonstrate how such counter‐hegemonic heat mapping serves as a corporeal critique of the neoliberal resilient subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversity plays a pivotal role in shaping national curricula as it reflects the commitment to combat racism and ethnic discrimination. In China’s public higher education, the integration of multiculturalism (duoyuan wenhua 多元文化) into the Minzu 民族 university system exemplifies the nation’s efforts to recognize and embrace diversity. This study examines the academic landscape in Minzu higher education and its implications for inter-ethnic relations in China. It argues that a top-down ‘color-blind’ approach enforced within Minzu higher education fails to address structural inequalities associated with ethnicity. Despite the institutional emphasis on diversity through institutional multiculturalism, this study reveals a tendency to view ethnicity through a hierarchical lens that centers on the norms of the dominant ethnic group. This reflects the university’s strict regulation of discussions on ethnic topics. These findings underscore Minzu higher education’s capacity to reconcile ethnic diversity with the uniformity mandated by state-led multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different legal citizenships and passports are associated with different sets of status, rights and identities. Through naturalization into a higher-value citizenship, former migrants can improve economic opportunities, transnational mobility, and ease relationships. Building on growing research that questions the migrant-citizen binary, this paper asks how citizenship matters in practice through an exploration of naturalization amongst displaced Syrians in Turkey. Drawing on qualitative research with Syrians, some of whom held temporary protection status while others had naturalized, the paper argues that the rights and status associated with Turkish citizenship are ambivalent, simultaneously beneficial and costly. Naturalization provided some economic and social rights and spatial mobility compared to temporary protection status. But Turkish citizenship also reinforced class-based distinctions and racial discrimination, and shaped new forms of exclusion: Syrians forewent certain mobility and economic strategies that they accessed as refugees. The paper argues to conceive naturalization as a technology of territorialization that fixes people onto a certain territory and forces migrants to make difficult choices when negotiating state practices of bordering and mobility control. Paying attention to the simultaneously mobilizing and territorializing effects of naturalization helps to question linear assumptions of citizenship and status hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONRacial and ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities participate less often in structured leisure activities compared to their white peers and yet, little is known about the role of race/ethnicity in their participation. The purpose of this review was to understand the role of race/ethnicity in leisure participation of children and youth with disabilities.We systematically assessed peer-reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2023 in six international databases. We independently screened and identified thirteen studies meeting our inclusion criteria.Three themes emerged from our findings: (1) rates of leisure participation; (2) factors affecting leisure participation (i.e., ableism and racism; fear of harassment and safety; systemic factors; disability-related factors and intersectional factors); and (3) benefits and impact of culture on leisure participation (i.e., perceived benefits of leisure participation; perceived constraints of leisure participation; parents’ advocacy; importance of family participation).Findings revealed how disability and racial discrimination, systemic factors, cultural preferences, and availability of financial resources all shape leisure experiences and rate of participation for racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities. Future research should explore the impact of culture on leisure participation in more depth.Understanding what leisure means to racial/ethnic minoritized parents of children with disabilities could help pediatric rehabilitation therapists to facilitate meaningful and culturally sensitive leisure programs.A multi-faceted approach is needed to improve leisure participation of racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities, which involves parents/caregivers, leisure providers, community stakeholders, and children and youth with disabilities.Rehabilitation clinicians and recreational therapists should consider designing new or adapting existing leisure programs that align with the culture and preferences of racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities to support their participation.Understanding what leisure means to racial/ethnic minoritized parents of children with disabilities could help pediatric rehabilitation therapists to facilitate meaningful and culturally sensitive leisure programs.A multi-faceted approach is needed to improve leisure participation of racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities, which involves parents/caregivers, leisure providers, community stakeholders, and children and youth with disabilities.Rehabilitation clinicians and recreational therapists should consider designing new or adapting existing leisure programs that align with the culture and preferences of racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities to support their participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial discrimination is conceptualized as an acute and chronic stressor. Like other acute stressors, lab-based studies demonstrate acute effects of discrimination-related stressors on stress-related cardiovascular outcomes, including total cardiac output, blood pressure, and indices of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity. Critically, it is important to understand how individual and social factors buffer the experience of race-related acute stress. The current study extends existing work by measuring cardiovascular indices of stress during conversations about racial/ethnic discrimination and examines the moderating role of social support. Latine/Hispanic participants (N = 97) talked about personal discrimination experiences with either a close other or a research assistant they had never previously met. Participants in both conditions exhibited cardiovascular reactivity indicative of stress during the conversation. Additionally, patterns of reactivity reflected a more adaptive stress response and recovery profile when participants talked about discriminatory experiences with a close other relative to a stranger (less parasympathetic withdrawal during the stressor and more parasympathetic rebound during recovery). These patterns are consistent with a stress buffering account of social support, which suggests social bonds and community-level support are critical to consider in interventions to mitigate the harms of experiencing discrimination and prevent chronic health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent economic shocks have intensified financial distress and inequality, prompting research into the factors contributing to financial resilience. Previous studies have primarily employed unidimensional measures of financial resilience, neglecting the role of race. This paper addresses knowledge gaps by exploring how race influences financial resilience. Using data from the South African National Income Dynamic Study, this paper constructs a multidimensional financial resilience index, examines the relationship between race and financial resilience, and identifies potential mediating variables. The results indicate that approximately 52% of South Africans are financially resilient. Empirically, propensity score matching shows that Non‐Whites exhibit approximately 11% lower financial resilience levels than whites. Additionally, the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition proves that discrimination accounts for approximately 3.7% of this disparity. Financial resilience among Non‐Whites would have increased by 1.5% if they had similar characteristics to Whites. Furthermore, mental health disorders and low trust mediate the relationship between race and financial resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Donor selection questions differentially impacting ethnic minorities can discourage donation directly or via negative word‐of‐mouth. We explore the differential impact of two blood safety questions relating to (i) sexual contacts linked to areas where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates are high and (ii) travelling to areas where malaria is endemic. Epidemiological data are used to assess infection risk and the need for these questions.We report two studies. Study 1 is a behavioural study on negative word‐of‐mouth and avoiding donation among ethnic minorities (n = 981 people from National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) and the general population: 761 were current donors). Study 2 is an epidemiology study (utilizing NHSBT/UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) surveillance data on HIV‐positive donations across the UK blood services between1996 and 2019) to assess whether the sexual risk question contributes to reducing HIV risk and whether travel deferral was more prevalent among ethnic minorities (2015–2019). Studies 1 and 2 provide complementary evidence on the behavioural impact to support policy implications.A high proportion of people from ethnic minorities were discouraged from donating and expressed negative word‐of‐mouth. This was mediated by perceived racial discrimination within the UK National Health Service. The number of donors with HIV who the sexual contact question could have deferred was low, with between 8% and 9.3% of people from ethnic minorities deferred on travel compared with 1.7% of White people.Blood services need to consider ways to minimize negative word‐of‐mouth, remove questions that are no longer justified on evidence and provide justification for those that remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review of the film HANA examines the resilience and empowerment of Hana Kristina Agasar, a young Papuan lady confronting systematic injustice. The video highlights obstacles faced by indigenous Papuan women, especially in school and employment, as a result of persistent racial discrimination. Hana’s narrative, rooted in socio-economic challenges , underscores both individual and communal hardship. Her perseverance in pursuing a better life demonstrates personal emwerment, self-efficacy, and community support. The review shows how oppression can be confronted through agency and societal support, utilizing resilience, empowerment, and cultural identity. Hana’s narrative symbolizes Papua’s broader struggle for justice and equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent interventions in critical security studies have argued that the field has struggled to account for the racialised/racist foundations of security politics. This article engages with the US Black Panther Party (BPP), arguing that the Party did important work to show how security politics is dependent on racial violence. The idea that we can theorise global politics through struggle ('struggle as method') is becoming popular within disciplinary International Relations (IR), but has longer lineages in Black radical thought. The BPP were important advocates of struggle as method, with tactics and strategies intentionally designed with a pedagogical purpose; through Panther actions (including community self-defence and survival programmes), and the state's response to these, the mechanisms of capitalist white supremacy were laid bare. The article therefore acknowledges BPP action as a series of theoretical interventions, which demonstrated how the terms of US/white security are rooted in and dependent on anti-Blackness. It also shows how Panther tactics prefigured alternative, radical, anti-statist approaches to security, these conceptualised as 'survival pending revolution'. The article closes by arguing that scholarship on critical security studies - especially as related to the racialised politics of security - should do more to work with and acknowledge its indebtedness to struggle as method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship on war and policing has begun to theorize the two in more intimate relation with each other, especially through connections to racialized violence and governance. Drawing on this body of work, and the concept of martial politics specifically, I examine how logics of war operate within domestic spaces and reproduce racialized conceptualizations of threat. I focus on a confrontation between the MOVE organization and the city of Philadelphia in 1985, which led to police firing 10,000 rounds of ammunition into a house where MOVE members and their children were living, and to the extensive use of military-grade explosives, culminating in the police dropping a bomb from a helicopter onto the house. The bomb ignited a fire that killed six adult MOVE members and five children, and destroyed 61 houses. I examine the decision of the city to bomb MOVE and consider the role that conceptions of war and threat played in shaping the event. This case shows not just the migration of military techniques into domestic spheres (and a long history of this in the United States), but more significantly, it reveals how violence and war-making have always been a foundation of liberal governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Racial and ethnic minoritized groups report disproportionately lower trust in the health-care system. Lower health-care system trust is potentially related to increased exposure to racial discrimination in medical settings, but this association is not fully understood. We examined the association between racial discrimination in medical care and trust in the health-care system among people with and without a personal cancer history. Methods We examined racial discrimination and trust in a nationally representative American adult sample from the Health Information National Trends Survey 6. Racial discrimination was defined as any unfair treatment in health care on the basis of race or ethnicity. Trust in the health-care system (eg, hospitals and pharmacies) was grouped into low, moderate, and high trust. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to compare low and moderate trust relative to high trust in the health-care system and estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 5813 respondents (15% with a personal cancer history) were included; 92% (n = 5355) reported no prior racial discrimination experience during medical treatment. Prior experiences of racial discrimination were positively associated with low (OR = 6.12, 95% CI = 4.22 to 8.86) and moderate (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.96 to 3.72) trust in the health-care system relative to high trust. Similar associations were observed when stratifying by personal cancer history. Conclusion Respondents who reported racial discrimination during medical encounters had lower trust in the health-care system, especially respondents with a personal cancer history. Our findings highlight the need to address racial discrimination experiences during medical care to build patient trust and promote health-care access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the representation of Gypsy/Travellers in Scottish museums using a decolonial perspective. Focusing on a case study of Jamie Macpherson's fiddle and its re-interpretation at the Clan Macpherson Museum in 2021, this article explores the value of using decolonial ideas to frame and interpret Scottish Gypsy/Traveller experience. It argues that, both historically and in the present, Scottish Gypsy/Travellers have been subject to racism and discrimination that are the product of colonialism and its continuing legacies. This theoretical framework of coloniality informed a collaborative project to re-interpret Jamie Macpherson's fiddle at the Clan Macpherson Museum, where the authors worked with activists and members of the Gypsy/Traveller community. The focal point of this re-interpretation was a piece of creative writing by Maggie McPhee, a Scottish Traveller, whose 'Heartbreak Through Her Eyes' re-imagined the story of Jamie Macpherson – hanged at Banff in 1700 for being an 'Egiptian' (Gypsy) – from the perspective of his mother. Centering the experience of both women and Gypsy/Travellers, Maggie McPhee's story demonstrated different ways of knowing the past. Drawing on recent feminist work in South America on the epistemologies of the South, we argue that storytelling such as Maggie's can become an act of decolonial resistance – a form of 'poetic knowledge' that can be an important part of broader efforts to decolonise museums. The enduring coloniality of anti-Gypsy/Traveller racism is challenged by the powerful and beautiful words of Maggie McPhee, centring the Gypsy/Traveller voice in ways that change our understanding of the past and fight racism in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary responds to the essay by Suraj Yengde titled 'Race and Caste in the Making of US Sociology', picks up a few threads in Yengde's argument and attempts to unravel them in the interests of deepening this conversation on an issue that has returned to the foreground of global sociology and anthropology. Given the thin and tenuous disciplinary separations between sociology and social anthropology in India, especially evident in studies on caste, this commentary straddles these two disciplines in the Indian context and points to some interesting disciplinary intersections in the American context. Specifically, Yengde's discussion of questions of caste, race and class is extended to look at Indian and diasporic contexts to speak to the specific intersections of caste, race, gender, class, region and temporality in contexts of caste formation drawing on the work of Joan Mencher and Gail Omvedt, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging out of religious conflict in early modern Europe, the terms race and caste as we understand them today went on to define hierarchical relations in different parts of the globe. Yet, they have never completely parted ways and Suraj Yengde's essay explores these hidden connections in the use that American sociologists made of both categories. They generally did so by setting one term against the other in the attempt to account for racial discrimination in the United States. Race and caste were mediated by class in these debates, a category seen as being more modern and progressive than either of them. The comments that follow argue that caste and race are not simply the precursors of class and continue to interact with each other without the latter's mediation. Anti-race and anti-caste politics are also more connected to religious forms of universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how anti-Asian racism intersects with sexism and ageism, impacting Asian Americans’ fear of racial victimization. Using nationally representative data from the “Dynamics of Social Life during COVID-19” survey, we show that these intersections affect subjective experiences of racism among young and older Asian Americans across various ethnic groups in the U.S. Younger Asian women report the highest levels of worry about racism, with this concern decreasing with age. In contrast, older Asian men worry more than younger men. Asian women also reported more instances of unfair treatment and discrimination, while Asian men reported higher instances of racial violence. Our findings reveal that anti-Asian racism is a multifaceted phenomenon shaped by intersections of gender, age, and ethnicity. We discuss existing obstacles and potential pathways to building panethnic solidarity among Asians across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents of color are particularly poised to experience the mental health crisis partly due to the absence of a clear-cut solution that prepares them to cope with ethnic/racial discrimination. One resilience-promoting factor in minoritized adolescents' lives is cultural socialization (i.e., the beliefs, practices, and worldviews that youth receive about their ethnic/racial group's heritage, history, and values), but the role of cultural socialization in relation to adolescents' resilience in the face of ethnic/racial discrimination is sporadic with extant studies documenting mixed results. Prior studies are likely limited by their focus on cultural socialization from parents relative to school adults and the larger school context. Following ethnic/racial discrimination, school-based cultural socialization may reduce youth's anticipation of discrimination, trust in others from different ethnic/racial groups, and rejection sensitivity. To test our theories, the present study used two daily diaries: Study 1 followed 134 African American adolescents over a 14-day period (N diaries = 1,494), and Study 2 followed 159 Asian American and Latinx adolescents over a 30-day period (N diaries = 3,458). In both studies, on days when ethnic/racial discrimination occurred, adolescents reported greater negative affect. This daily effect of ethnic–racial discrimination on negative affect was exacerbated on days when adolescents received less school-based cultural socialization but weaker on days when adolescents received more school-based cultural socialization. The present studies underscore how school adults foster youth's resilience in the context of ethnic/racial adversity. Educational Impact and Implications Statement: Adolescents of color are reporting worse mental health than their White American peers, which may be attributable to ethnic/racial discrimination. Across two studies, we found that ethnic/racial discrimination was associated with greater negative affect and emotions among African American, Latinx, and Asian American youth. However, as our data suggested, school-based lessons acknowledging ethnically/racially underrepresented youth's cultural heritage, traditions, and holidays were sources of resilience among adolescents of color and are optimal opportunities to address the negative psychological impacts of ethnic/racial discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The musical Allegiance was inspired by the childhood of actor-activist George Takei, a Japanese American whose family was incarcerated by the United States government in 'war relocation camps' during World War II. Performed in both New York and London, the play is a rare popular depiction of Japanese detention – a chapter of American history that is simultaneously present and hidden in U.S. public imagination. The musical underscores the realities of racial discrimination that rendered Japanese Americans vulnerable to rights abuses and asks whether a citizen must prove one's loyalty. Thinking through the 'absent presence' of Japanese American incarceration by viewing performances such as Allegiance is a vital step for acknowledging the precariousness of American citizenship and for preventing human rights abuses in the future. Today, this play serves as a cautionary tale for the United States as anti-Asian hatred spikes and citizenship stripping among naturalized American citizens increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that racial discrimination is detrimental to the ethnic minorities in accommodation and hospitality sectors. However, whether racial discrimination happens during the stage of online booking before check-in remains unclear. Leveraging a natural experiment of the anti-discrimination policy implemented on Airbnb and face recognition techniques to identify the racial information of hosts and guests, this study reveals that racism from hosts against ethnic guests indeed exists during the stage of online booking. The results indicate that the monthly proportion of ethnic guests increases 5% after the launch of anti-discrimination policy. We also find that discrimination exists between ethnic hosts and ethnic guests, which was not documented in previous studies. Moreover, the anti-discrimination policy in relieving racism plays a bigger role among hosts with severe racial discrimination. These findings are critical for online booking platforms to set anti-discrimination policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth interpersonal firearm violence disproportionately affects Black youth, with residential racial segregation as a key determinant. Racially segregated neighborhoods, which are economically isolated (e.g., neighborhood disadvantage), are linked to increased exposure to violence. This exposure, in turn, is a determinant of youth firearm aggression (i.e., using a gun on someone else). Mechanisms from residential racial segregation to firearm aggression, however, have not been evaluated. Therefore, we tested neighborhood disadvantage and exposure to violence as mediators in the association between residential racial segregation and youth firearm aggression. Participants were 338 Black youth who had used drugs in the past 6 months and sought care in an urban emergency department. Using serial mediation analysis, residential racial segregation was indirectly associated with youth firearm aggression via neighborhood disadvantage and then exposure to violence. While researchers have documented the association between structural racism and firearm violence injury and incidents, our study assessed multiple socioecological mechanisms simultaneously. Identifying the downstream socioecological consequences of residential segregation can guide the development of firearm aggression prevention programs addressing the consequences of racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research is needed to examine discrimination-related stressors and their social and psychological shaping of mental health and sleep outcomes of Latinx youth. The background, design, and methodology of a longitudinal study of Mexican families in Indiana and the initial findings of associations between discrimination-related stressors and youth mental health and sleep outcomes are presented. Initiating wave 1 of a 3-wave (yearly) longitudinal study, investigators surveyed an ethnically homogeneous sample of 344 Mexican-origin adolescents (ages 12-15) and their primary caregivers, assessing risks and protective factors for mental health and sleep outcomes. Youth also completed a one-time 21-day daily diary after wave 1. Self-reported measures of youth mental health, sleep, and discrimination across wave 1 and the daily diary were evaluated to compare the cross-sectional (wave 1) and daily associations between discrimination and youth mental health and sleep outcomes. Of youth, 88.1% reported at least one incident of lifetime discrimination. Almost one-third had elevated depressive symptoms, 44.5% had probable generalized anxiety disorder, and 50.9% had poor sleep quality. Between-youth correlations at wave 1 and in the daily diary were consistent in that perceived racial discrimination was positively correlated with worse mental health and poorer sleep quality. Smaller within-youth correlations were observed in the daily diary, but there was striking variability in the effect of discrimination across youth. The present results illustrate the powerful methods of combining yearly and daily time data to investigate how and for whom discrimination-related stressors lead to adverse outcomes. Latinx youth are the largest and fastest growing minoritized youth group in the United States. This study surveyed 344 Mexican-origin adolescents and their primary caregivers to assess risk and protective factors for mental health and sleep outcomes. The authors found that 88.1% of youth reported at least one incident of lifetime discrimination, 29.7% reported elevated depressive symptoms, 44.5% reported elevated anxiety symptoms, and 50.9% reported poor sleep quality. Youth who experienced racial discrimination were more likely to have worse mental health and lower sleep quality than those who did not experience racial discrimination. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. Seguimos Avanzando - Latino Youth Coping With Discrimination; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; NCT04875208. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and anti-LGBTQ+ bills on mental health and victimization among LGBTQ+ youth in schools. It highlights the need for schools to address disparities and victimization rates experienced by LGBTQ+ students, especially those with intersecting diverse racial and ethnic identities. The article emphasizes the importance of creating safe and inclusive environments in schools, providing LGBTQ+ friendly health services, and implementing comprehensive sexual health education to support LGBTQ+ youth. Additionally, it suggests the adoption of non-discrimination policies, LGBTQ+ support groups, and inclusive curricula to promote the mental health and well-being of LGBTQ+ students. [Extracted from the article]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications To examine the racial socialization practices of White fathers with their biological Black and White biracial sons.Socializing children of color to live in a society where they may experience discrimination is an essential part of parenting. This may be challenging for White fathers with Black biracial sons because of their different lived experiences, which can be harmful to their sons.A phenomenological approach was used to conduct 10 in‐depth, semistructured interviews with a sample of White fathers with biological Black biracial sons. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.Four racial socialization practices were identified: (a) talking to son about his racial/cultural heritages, (b) exposing son to his racial/cultural heritages, (c) exposing son to environments that are diverse, and (d) talking to son about discrimination.Family professionals can work with White fathers to help them overcome any challenges they may encounter to socialize their Black biracial sons to navigate society as a man of color.Family practitioners and school personnel can promote and encourage the attendance of parenting programs that focus on discussing discrimination with children and strategies parents can use to develop a healthy multiracial identity in children. Religious leaders can encourage diversity with International Day celebrations and facilitate discussions with congregants about racial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black adults' prior exposure to racial discrimination may be associated with their acute parasympathetic reactivity to and recovery from a new race‐related stressor. Existing analytical approaches to investigating this link obscure nuances in the timing, magnitude, and patterns of these acute parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) responses. In a re‐analysis of a prior study, we utilize an hidden Markov model (HMM) approach to examine how prior experiences of racial discrimination are associated with intraindividual patterns of (1) physiological states of PNS activity and (2) patterns of and variability in transitions between these physiological states. Participants (N = 118) were Black young adults (range 18–29 years; Mage = 19.67, SDage = 2.04) who completed an online survey to index prior racial discrimination exposure, followed by an in‐person lab visit during which their PNS activity in response to a race‐related stress task was measured via electrocardiogram and converted into respiratory sinus arrhythmia. HMMs indicated evidence for two states: baseline and a second state representing a significant reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Most participants (93.22%) demonstrated a blunted response to the task, indicating that they did not transition from baseline during the procedure. Prior racial discrimination was not associated with HMM states or state transition parameters. Blunted physiological responses may be an important area of future investigation that could inform early life course mental and physical health screenings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Morrison’s appropriation of the Persephone myth in The Bluest Eye to highlight patriarchal exploitation of women and nature, drawing parallels between environmental degradation and violence against women. The myth, which typically symbolizes life, death, and rebirth, is appropriated to critique racial and gender-based violence against African American women, especially in the mid-20th century. I contend that Morrison’s The Bluest Eye reimagines the protagonist, Pecola Breedlove, as a contemporary Persephone, ensnared in a cycle of abuse. However, unlike Persephone, who gains wisdom through her ordeal, Pecola spirals into madness, emblematic of a thwarted mother-daughter redemption arc. Morrison contrasts the myth’s fertility and rejuvenation themes with Pecola’s racial discrimination and self-loathing, epitomized by her desire for blue eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2020, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) triggered the latest wave of anti-Asian discrimination. During the first year of the pandemic, symptoms of depression and anxiety increased seven-fold within Asian Pacific Islander Desi American (APIDA) communities. Among this population, APIDA college students were at particularly high risk for mental health challenges due to COVID-19-related racial discrimination. This study examined the association between COVID-19-related racial discrimination and the mental health of APIDA college students, conceptualizing ethnic identity as a moderator in the association. Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on data from 2,559 APIDA college students aged 18 to 29 who participated in the Fall and Winter/Spring Cohorts of the 2020–2021 Healthy Minds Study (HMS), a non-probability web-based survey administered to students in higher education in the United States. Descriptive statistics, comparative analysis (e.g., Chi-square and t-test), and multivariable linear regression were conducted using STATA 17.1 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX). Survey weights were applied in all analyses. Results: There were significant positive associations between COVID-19-related racial discrimination and symptoms of depression (b = 2.15, p < 0.001) and anxiety (b = 1.81, p < 0.001) among the overall sample. Furthermore, a greater sense of ethnic identity was associated with lower symptoms of depression (b = -0.15, p< 0.001) among the overall sample. Finally, ethnic identity buffered the association between COVID-19-related racial discrimination and symptoms of anxiety among East Asian students and symptoms of both depression and anxiety among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander students. In contrast, ethnic identity intensified the association between COVID-19-related racial discrimination and symptoms of depression among Filipino students. Conclusions: The research found that COVID-19-related racial discrimination was associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety among the full sample of APIDA college students during the first year of the pandemic. Additionally, higher levels of ethnic identity were associated with decreased depression among the entire group. The striking results on the moderating role of ethnic identity among subgroups call for further research on the ethnic identity development of APIDA college students, to help mitigate the effects of racial discrimination within a variety of systemic, complex, and dynamic sociocultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite Medicare coverage, financial hardship is a prevalent issue among those diagnosed with cancer at age 65 years and older, particularly among those belonging to a racial or ethnic minority group. Sociodemographic, clinical, and area‐level factors may mediate this relationship; however, no studies have assessed the extent to which these factors contribute to the racial/ethnic disparities in financial hardship. Methods: Surveys assessing financial hardship were completed by 721 White (84%) or Black (16%) patients (aged 65 years and older) who were diagnosed with breast (34%), prostate (27%), lung (17%), or colorectal (14%) cancer or lymphoma (9%) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 2000 and 2019. Financial hardship included material, psychological, and behavioral domains. Nonlinear Blinder–Oaxaca effect decomposition methods were used to evaluate the extent to which individual and area‐level factors contribute to racial disparities in financial hardship. Results: Black patients reported lower income (65% vs. 34% earning <$50,000) and greater scores on the Area Deprivation Index (median, 93.0 vs. 55.0). Black patients reported significantly higher rates of overall (39% vs. 18%), material (29% vs. 11%), and psychological (27% vs. 11%) hardship compared with White patients. Overall, the observed characteristics explained 51% of racial differences in financial hardship among cancer survivors, primarily because of differences in income (23%) and area deprivation (11%). Conclusions: The current results identify primary contributors to racial disparities in financial hardship among older cancer survivors, which can be used to develop targeted interventions and allocate resources to those at greatest risk for financial hardship. Racial disparities in financial hardship among older cancer survivors are attributable to the downstream effects of structural racism. Interventions aimed at reducing the Black–White disparity in financial hardship should be targeted toward factors associated with historical racial discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIt is critical for social service providers to understand the detrimental effects of racism and discrimination on the well-being of immigrants, emphasizing the complex interplay between cultural factors and racial stratification. Using a culturally humble approach to engagement there are four key cultural elements—familismo, marianismo, machismo, and spiritualismo—that are central to the gender identities of Latina immigrants. This conceptual review synthesizes existing research studies and theoretical models to provide an integrated, culturally responsive framework that helps professionals better understand and address the well-being of Latina immigrants in the United States. The intersectional complexities of race, ethnicity, culture, gender, and immigration in the therapeutic space provides for the tailoring of interventions to the unique needs of Latina immigrants. The meta synthesis reveals how cultural factors such as familismo, marianismo, machismo, and spiritualismo interact with racial stratification, exacerbating the challenges faced by Latina immigrants. The key takeaway of this dialogic is the necessity of integrating cultural humility and intersectional understanding to improve service delivery and support for Latina immigrants, highlighting its importance and implications for social service practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsFindings & conclusionsThe aim of the study is to analyse the experiences of 7 students (4 girls and 3 boys) from different continents (Africa, Asia and South America) in Physical Education, in order to know to what extent, they have perceived racism. Their guardians also participated. All the students have experienced their compulsory schooling in Spain.The research is framed under the theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. A qualitative approach is used in which three categories of analysis are established: (a) Perception of social discrimination; (b) Effect on self-esteem and emotional implications; (c) Learning limitations in Physical Education. Interviews with students and focus groups with guardians, where the data collection techniques are/were used.The results show how students have suffered covert racism in the classroom, specifically in Physical Education, observed in a diversity of behaviours and actions linked to the colour of their skin, their accent, their physical features and even their body odour. This, despite their subliminal acceptance of it, has generated frustration, powerlessness and diminished self-esteem, as well as a bad relationship with the subject. Guardians recognize the experience of these forms of discrimination and emphasize that racism still exists in society and in schools, and that there is a lack of mechanisms and procedures to eradicate it. It is essential to continue researching how to approach a teaching of Physical Education that moves away from any type of discrimination, but this article is already a first step in giving a voice to those who suffer from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culturally and linguistically diverse parents, notably Spanish-speaking individuals, encounter formidable obstacles in their involvement with the special education process in U.S. public schools. This review aimed to highlight existing literature investigating the experiences of Spanish-speaking parents navigating the special education landscape for their children. Nineteen articles were included in the review. Results revealed that Spanish-speaking parents of children in special education often experience challenges that marginalize their position in pivotal discussions concerning their children’s education. These obstacles included challenges in comprehending specialized terminology and limited access to interpretation and translation services, racism and discrimination, disempowerment, and lack of family-school communication. Further, parents reported feeling prevented from actively participating in crucial aspects of their child’s educational needs and the development of appropriate interventions and support. Implications for future research and equitable school-based practice are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racialized inequalities in organizations and workplaces are reproduced not only by the discrimination of non‐whites but also by behaviors among whites aimed at counteracting and resisting initiatives and measures aimed at achieving racial equality. On this background, the purpose of the present study was to empirically investigate expressions of white fragility, white counterreactions, and institutional resistance in organizational contexts in Sweden, as well as how these processes relate to system justificatory ideologies such as colorblind racism and meritocracy. In doing so, the study used a cross‐sectional design and a large sample (N = 2774) of adults from the Swedish labor market to test hypotheses about the investigated concepts. The results of the study provided support for the hypotheses that white fragility, white counterreactions, and institutional resistance are relevant concepts to the understanding of the racial dynamics and the reproduction of racialized inequalities in organizations also outside the North American context (in this case Sweden). In addition, the study shows that white fragility is positively associated with colorblind racism and belief in meritocracy and highlights the role of these ideologies in legitimizing and maintaining workplace inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short‐term longitudinal data were used to examine how racial discrimination, cultural socialization (CS), and preparation for bias (PB) related to Black and Latinx young adults' public and private regard. Black (n = 90) and Latinx (n = 54) young adults (Mage = 20 years) were assessed at two time points, 6 weeks apart. Racial discrimination predicted lower levels of public regard 6 week later; whereas PB predicted greater levels of private regard. CS moderated the relations between racial discrimination and private regard suggesting that at low levels of CS, discrimination related to lower private regard 6 weeks later. Findings demonstrate the short‐term effects of racial discrimination and suggest that ethnic–racial socialization is a salient cultural resource for young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers concerned with the U.S. welfare state have documented that more localized administration allows for greater geographic variation in public policies as well as the greater potential for racial discrimination to influence policy outcomes. I explore whether key attributes of the local welfare state, capacity and spending, are associated with differences in racialized poverty across localities. I develop a conceptual framework drawing on two sociological traditions: spatial inequality framework and local welfare state theory. Spatial inequality scholarship provides a framework for interrogating why poverty varies across localities and racialized groups. Local welfare scholarship conceptualizes the processes by which local governments impact poverty and how those processes may be highly racialized. Drawing on data from the Census of Governments, I examine all local governments’ capacity and spending across counties in the U.S. and their association with poverty rates among white, Black, and Hispanic populations. I find that local governments’ capacity and spending do matter to understanding differences in racialized poverty. Specifically, racialized groups perceived as more deserving are likely to be the beneficiaries of local government interventions and policies. This study calls for greater attention to the local welfare state as a possible mechanism maintaining racial stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assess racial disparities in the service quality of app-based ride-hailing services, like Uber and Lyft, by simulating their operations in the city of Chicago using empirical data. To generate driver cancellation rate disparities consistent with controlled experiments (up to twice as large for Black riders as for White riders), we estimate that more than 3% of drivers discriminate by race. We find that the capabilities of ridehailing technology to rapidly rematch after a cancellation and prioritize long-waiting customers heavily mitigates the effects of driver discrimination on rider wait times, reducing average discrimination-induced disparities to less than 1 min--an order of magnitude less than traditional taxis. However, our results suggest that even in the absence of direct driver discrimination, Black riders in Chicago wait about 50% longer, on average, than White riders because of historically informed geographic residential patterns. We estimate that if Black riders in the city had the same wait times as White riders, the collective travel time saved would be worth $4.2 million to $7.0 million per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by the current scholarly conversations surrounding linguistic racism, this paper investigates anti-racist translingual practices within the context of a college multilingual writing classroom. Fusing translingualism and critical race theory, the paper underscores the significance of translingual digital storytelling as a critical and creative practice of counter-storytelling. Based on a case study of the translingual digital stories created by nine multilingual international students, the paper explores the potential of these stories in combating linguistic racism and inferiority complexes. I begin by framing the issue of linguistic racism within multilingual education, emphasizing the perils of racial marginalization and discrimination experienced by multilingual international students. I then explore how the multilingual students in this study have utilized a range of linguistic repertoires and multiple modalities to document and resist their lived experiences with race and racism. Based on my analysis of the students’ digital stories, I conclude this paper with pedagogical implications for integrating translingual digital storytelling into anti-racist teaching and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades of field experiments show that White Americans are more likely to discriminate against Black Americans when the situation provides a nonracist rationalization for withholding help from a Black target ‐ for instance, when the cost of helping looks unreasonable. However, work on racial discrimination in helping is scarcer outside of the US context. The present experiment extends this line of research to Europe and studies differences in helping asiatique (Asian), blanc (White) and noir (Black) men and women in France. In addition, it assesses to what extent racial discrimination in the probability to provide assistance is moderated by the perceived cost of help. The study rests on a sample of over 4500 independent observations collected through a factorial design that combines 12 testers (equally apportioned in race and gender groups), two social class conditions and four observation sites. Testers asked for directions to pedestrians in front of the traffic lights of a busy road, and pedestrians could provide different forms of help that varied in perceived cost. The analysis indicates that overall asiatique and noir testers receive help less often than their blanc counterparts. It also shows that racial discrimination is stronger when the perceived cost of helping is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceptions of citizenship among minorities may change when a new generation views racism and discrimination by state authorities not as a temporary phenomenon but as an obstacle to full and meaningful citizenship. We illustrate this argument by focusing on attitudes toward the police among Jewish Israelis of Ethiopian descent, a racial immigrant minority. Our quantitative analysis shows that levels of trust in the police among them have substantially declined between 2013 and 2022. In addition, levels of trust among younger Ethiopian Israelis (age group 18–30) are lower than among older cohorts in this community. Our content analysis of media reports about Ethiopian-Israeli protesters indicates a change in how second-generation Ethiopian Israelis perceive their citizenship. On the one hand, a demand for equality based on their belonging to the collective and contribution to the Jewish-Zionist common good, while on the other hand, a rejection of the attempts to obscure institutional racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to illustrate how discrimination against migrants manifests itself in different areas in Spain. The areas selected, based on the economic, social and cultural rights recognized for all people, are education, health, housing, employment and social services. Finally, the text presents some conclusions and recommendations that could be considered by public institutions and civil society organizations, aimed at promoting good practices when addressing specific forms of discrimination that affect migrant persons. In this article, the term migrant is used to designate all people who have crossed an international border, regardless of their immigration status, including refugees, asylum seekers, and those who have been forced to move for other reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Having higher levels of mainstream cultural orientation (MCO), an important component of acculturation attitudes and behaviors, is beneficial for ethnic/racial minority students during the transitions into university. Scant research has investigated MCO at a micro daily timescale. This study examined how personality (agreeableness) functions in conjunction with interpersonal processes (inter‐ethnic contact and perceived discrimination) to influence MCO as daily within‐person processes. Methods: Multi‐level structural equation modeling were used to analyze month‐long daily diary data from 209 ethnic/racial minority freshmen (69% female). Results: There was a positive indirect association between agreeableness and MCO through inter‐ethnic contact at both within‐ and between‐person levels. At the within‐person level, on days with lower (vs. higher) levels of ethnic/racial discrimination, higher levels of agreeableness were associated with higher levels of MCO. Conclusions: These findings highlight the contributions of intensive longitudinal data in elucidating ethnic/racial minority students' personality and acculturation processes in daily life involving protective and risk factors on micro timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]