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The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm-I, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.) during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to study the effect of varieties and spacing on growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.). Four varieties and four spacings with three replications were evaluated in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (36.75 cm), number of leaves (19.91), leaf length (33.09 cm), leaf width (27.21 cm), plant spread N-S (49.42 cm), plant spread E-W (49.12 cm) and stem diameter (8.15 cm) were noted in variety Golden Acre. The minimum values (51.67) of head initiation, maximum weight of head (1.430 kg) and yield (595.67 q ha-1) is observed in Golden Acre. The maximum plant height (37.63 cm), number of leaves (20.26), leaf length (33.05cm), leaf width (26.93 cm), plant spread N-S (50.43 cm)plant spread E-W (50.12 cm) and stem diameter (8.33 cm) was observed in 60 cm x 60 cm. While the maximum weight of head (1.560 kg) and the maximum yield (695.53 q ha-1) were recorded in 45 cm x 45 cm spacing

An experiment was to conducted to know the influence of growth regulators NAA and their combination on rooting of stem cuttings in Dragon fruit [Hylocereus undatus (Haworth)] which was conducted during 2020-21 at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow (226025). The experiment was laid out by following Complete Randomized Design with twelve treatments replicated thrice. The stem cuttings of Dragon fruit were treated with different dosesof plant growth regulator NAA. The result reveals that longest length of roots per cutting, average number of roots per cutting, diameter of root per cutting, fresh weight of root per cutting and dry weight of root per cutting was recorded significantly in cuttings treated with NAA @ 200 ppm and NAA @ 175 ppm, respectively

High temperature stress during grain-filling period is one of the major environmental constraints limiting the grain yield of wheat in India. Crop growth response and relative performance of yield components of 12 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were studied in two date of sowing in crop research center (Pantnagar) to identify the causes of yield reduction in wheat particularly Leaf Area Index and its impact in yield loss and other tolerance mech-anism and comparative study of LAI and yield attributes to identify the genotype for high temperature tolerance in late sown condition. The higher temperature enhanced plant growth, flowering, and maturation which ultimately effects the crop performance in case of yield (Leaf Area Index, grain weight/spike and test weight were drastically reduced in time under high temperature. Out of 12 diverse genotypes namely HI 1539, DBW 14, HW 5021, HS 240, PBW-574, Raj 4101, Lok 54, Raj 3765, WH 1021, K-0-307, HW 2045 and HI1544,four were (Lok54, Raj3765, HI1539 and HI1544 ) were characterized as high temperature tolerant based on their relative performance in leaf area index, grain yield and heat susceptibility index. Leaf area Index studies in context to heat stress in wheat is least studied area in heat tolerance research in wheat (Triticum aestivum), in the present study LAI is used as a screening tool for heat tolerance and effect of LAI in wheat yield.

Mints (Mentha species) are being cultivated as an industrial crop for the production of their essential oils in northern Indian plains. In sub-tropical regions, Mentha species are cultivated as a spring–summer crop for their essential oils. However, for planting material production, these species are planted in the rainy season (August). The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the essential oil quality of rain–winter crops (the planting material-producing crop) with the spring–summer crops (main crops) of Mentha spicata cv. MSS-5, Mentha spicata cv. Ganga, Mentha citrata cv. Kiran, Mentha arvensis cv. CIMAP-Saryu and Mentha x piperita cv. Kukrail. The essential oil yield varied from 0.40% to 1.10% in the main cropping season, whereas it varied from 0.15% to 0.60% in the planting material-producing cropping season. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses resulted in the identification of sixty constituents, representing 93.51–99.71% of the oil compositions. Monoterpen...

The essential oil composition of fresh aerial parts of Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake was analyzed by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS methods. The analysis led to the identification of 60 constituents forming 89.6 % of the total oil compositions dominated by monoterpenoids (46.0 %) and sesquiterpenoids (35.6 %). The major constituents identified were acorenone-B (20.9 %), camphene (20.8 %), isobornyl acetate (7.4 %), acorenone (3.8 %), limonene (3.6 %) and α-pinene (3.5 %). Other constituents identified were borneol (2.8 %), neointermedeol (2.1 %), tricyclene (2.3 %) and intermedeol (1.6 %). Comparison of the results with previous reports showed considerable qualitative and quantitative variations in essential oil constituents.

The essential-oil yield and composition of the aerial parts of Boenninghausenia albiflora were analyzed and compared by capillary GC-FID and GC–MS at different stages of growth and on drying prior to distillation. The essential-oil content of the aerial parts was found to vary from 0.15–0.20 % at different phenophases. Essential-oils were mainly composed of sesquiterpenoids (44.62–52.11 %) and monoterpenoids (25.73–45.95 %). Sesquiterpenoids (44.62–52.11 %) portion of essential-oils was represented by germacrene D (4.18–18.21 %), epi-α-cadinol (0.14–16.25 %), β-caryophyllene (4.62–13.14 %), globulol (0.26–9.22 %), and β-copaene-4α-ol (0.14–7.52 %); while β-myrcene (2.09–26.11 %) and β-pinene (8.36–13.77 %) were the major monoterpenoids. Variations in essential-oil yield (0.15–0.20 %), and contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons (19.38–42.59 %), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (15.38–36.92 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (9.97–36.73 %) due to different growth stages (vegetative, flowering and seed setting stages) of B. albiflora were noticed. On drying viz. sun and shade drying of the aerial parts of B. albiflora have no drastic influence on essential-ol quality; but significant quantitative variations were noticed. Further, variations in essential-oil composition of leaf and root essential-oils of B. albiflora collected from four different climatic locations were also compared.

Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L' Herit. ex Ait.) is an industrial aromatic plant of family Geraniaceae. Fresh biomass of plant gives essential oil on hydrodistillation which finds wide application in perfume, flavor, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. To develop a method for storage of rose-scented geranium biomass prior distillation an experiment was conducted in hill conditions of Uttarakhand. Different types of bags, viz. polythene bag, jute bag, and fertilizer bag were used for storage of freshly harvested geranium biomass. It was noted that geranium biomass could be stored in polythene bags up to 48 h without losing the essential oil. Essential oils obtained from fresh and polythene bag stored biomass were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. It was observed that esters (formate, acetate, butyrate, and tiglate of citronellol and geraniol), neral, and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol improve, while ketones (menthone and isomenthone) and alcohols (linalool, nerol, and geraniol) decrease on post harvest sto...

Artemisia annua L. is an annual aromatic antibacterial herb, with effective antimalarial properties due to the presence of artemisinin. The intention of the present study was to establish plant survival, growth attributes, yield attributes and artemisinin yield of A. annua cv CIM – Arogya with different transplanting months in two cropping seasons (March 2005–February 2006 and March 2006–February 2007) under temperate climatic conditions of Himalaya, India. Artemisinin yield in the dried leaves was found maximum amongst the plants that were transplanted in March (24.39 kg ha−1) and minimum in those transplanted in November (3.39 kg ha−1).

The leaf and seed essential oils of Coriandrum sativum L. (family: Apiaceae) grown in tarai region of Uttarakhand, India were analyzed and compared by capillary GC and GC-MS. The analysis led to the identification of 88 constituents forming 93.55 % to 98.90 % of the total oil compositions. The major components in seed essential oil were monoterpenoids (90.18 %) represented by 74.01 % of oxygenated and 16.17 % of monoterpene hydrocarbons. Linalool (55.42 %), geranial (6.33 %), myrcene (5.53 %), α-humulene (5.29 %) and 1,8-cineole (3.30 %) were the major constituents of seed oil. On the contrary, aliphatic compounds (90.20 %), mainly comprised of C8-C16 aldehydes and alcohols, predominate in leaf essential oil of C. sativum. The major constituents identified were (E)-2-decenal (18.02 %), decanal (14.36 %), dec-9-en-1-ol (11.66 %), (E)-2-dodecenal (8.72 %), n-tetradecanol (6.09 %), dodecanal (5.81%) and decanol (5.77 %). Comparison of the oil composition of seed and leaf oil showed sharp qualitative...

The essential oils obtained from Artemisia capillaris at different stages of flowering were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components of this oil were capillene, γ-terpinene, eugenol, limonene, p-cymene, myrcene and α-pinene. Capillene (40.1%), α-pinene (2.4%) and p-cymene (2.5%) were higher in the oil obtained from plants collected during full bloom stage, while γ-terpinene (24.6%) and eugenol (15.0%) were the main components of the oil from the seed setting stage. Characteristic of the oil was the presence of the rarely occurring compounds like capillene and norcapillene.

In order to investigate the influence of drying, the essential oil from fresh, shade dried and sun dried flowering twigs of Artemisia capillaris was compared. The essential oil content was found higher in fresh herb (0.63 %) compared to dry materials (0.57 %). GC and GC-MS analysis enabled identification of twenty five components, representing 93.8 % - 95.0 % of the total oil. The major components of these oils were capillene (32.5 % - 39.6 %), γ-terpinene (26.4 % -34.3 %), eugenol (7.4 % - 10.1 %), β-caryophyllene (4.8 % - 7.9 %) and ρ-cymene (2.0 % - 5.1 %). Interestingly, capillene content was found to decrease, whereas γ-terpinene and eugenol increased on drying. The study suggested that the A. capillaris biomass should be distilled afresh for better oil yield and quality under hill conditions of Kumaon Himalaya.

The essential oil obtained from top-1/3, middle-1/3 and lower-1/3 portions of Origanum vulgare L. cultivated in Kumaon region of western Himalaya was compared for their content and composition. The essential oil content varied from 0.26 % to 0.91 %with the highest in top-1/3. GC and GC-MS analyses enabled to identify 37 components which showed considerable variation in the quantitative composition of the oils. Major components of oils were carvacrol (52.17 % - 66.08 %), γ-terpinene (5.53 % - 24.13 %) and p-cymene (4.17 % - 34.43 %). The concentration of phenolic monoterpenes decreased from top to bottom, whilst the amount of monoterpene hydrocarbons increased in the same direction.

We report on a case of double aneuploidy involving Down and Turner cell lines in a female child with a massive capillary hemangioma of the left orbit and mild clinical features of Down syndrome. Cytogenetic findings with G-banding revealed mosaicism in her peripheral blood, i.e. mos45,X[48]/47,XX,+21[28]/46,XX[12/47,XXX[12]. Mosaicism of such nature is rare and to our knowledge the present case is the first reported of Turner-Down double aneuploidy mosaicism associated with an orbital capillary hemangioma. An annotated bibliography of earlier reported cases with documented karyotyping is also included.

An alloy with carbon and chromium in the range of 2.0 to 2.5% and 20 to 25%, respectively, with the addition of Mo and Ni in the range of 1.0 to 1.5% each when heat-treated at a quenching temperature of 1010 °C and tempering temperature of 550 °C produces a hardness in the range of 54 to 56 HRC and a microstructure that consists of discontinuous bands of high volume (35-40%) of wear resistant primary (eutectic) carbides in a tempered martensitic matrix with uniformly dispersed secondary precipitates. This alloy has been found to possess adequate impact toughness (5-6 J/cm2) with a wear resistance of the order of 3-4 times superior to Mn steel and 1.25 times superior to martensitic stainless steel with a reduction in cost-to-life ratio by a factor of 1.25 in both the cases.

To investigate the seasonal influence on essential oil content and composition of rosemary (Rosmarinus of ficinalis) cultivar 'CIM-Hariyali' a study was conducted in Kumaon region of western Himalaya. Essential oil content was found to vary from 1.0% to 1.14% during the year. GC and GC-MS analyses enabled to identify thirty components representing 95.33% - 97.03% of the total oil composition. Main components of the oils were 1,8-cineole (22.61% - 23.85%), camphor (24.40% - 25.85%), α-pinene (10.74% - 12.59%), verbenone (4.90% - 5.77%), camphene (5.46% - 6.16%), β-pinene (3.28% - 4.02%), limonene (2.86% - 3.39%) and ,S-myrcene (1.89% - 1.95%). The study clearly showed that there were no drastic changes in the essential oil content and composition of rosemary due to season. Therefore, the crop may be harvested in any season to get good quality oil in hilly region of north India.

Structural chromosome mosaicism is rare. We report a case of prenatal mosaicism for a deletion of chromosome 10(q23). To our knowledge, there are only three reports of prenatally diagnosed cases of del(10)(q23). Two of these cases were due to an inherited fragile site. In the present case amniocentesis revealed 46,XY,del(10)(q23)[9]/46,XY[45]. Follow-up chromosome analysis of peripheral blood and placental tissue from a phenotypically normal liveborn male revealed the del(10)(q23) in only 3/100 blood cells grown in low-folate medium. It appears that prenatally diagnosed deleted (10q) mosaicism represents culture artifact and is not clinically significant.

The spatial distances between the Ph and the normal chromosome 22 in bone marrow are compared with the distances between the two normal chromosome 22s in peripheral blood. No significant differences between these two distances were found in two different tissues. The present findings indicate that length does not affect the spatial relationship between the homologous chromosomes in the nucleus, as previously postulated.

A literature survey has been conducted to estimate the incidence of breakpoints in aborters. Out of 9,012 cases that could be evaluated, about 4.0% had chromosomal abnormalities, which is significantly higher as compared to the normal population (1-0.5%). The structural anomalies were 7 times higher than numerical abnormalities. Thirty-seven percent of the rearrangements were in males while 63.0% were in females. Among all types of chromosomal aberrations, the Robertsonian types were most frequent (22.3%). However, no sex chromosomal abnormalities were found. Furthermore, the breakpoints on each chromosome were cumulated and no relationship with the relative length of chromosomes was observed. Nevertheless, 60.3% of the breakpoints were localized in G-negative areas of the human genome. The currently known heritable fragile sites were further correlated with the incidence of breakpoints in aborters. A significant relationship with heritable fragile sites was found in this study. Therefore, a family study including the abortus is suggested to establish the mode of inheritance, which possibly could be autosomal recessive. This approach in turn will provide new information to geneticists for counselling the subjects with recurrent fetal loss.

Fluidization and heat transfer experiments have been conducted in gas fluidized beds of two different sizes, viz., 305 × 305 mm 2 and 305 × 152.5 mm 2 and with particles of silica sands ( d p = 167, 488, 504, and 745 μ m ), glass beads ( d p = 427 μ m) and millet seeds ( d p = 2064 μ m) with immersed smooth vertical heated tubes of diameter 12.7, 28.6, and 50.8 mm. Important conclusions are drawn concerning the dependence of heat transfer coefficient on fluidization velocity, bed particle diameter, tube diameter and nature of bed fluidization. The heat transfer data are employed to assess the available literature correlations for heat transfer coefficient and for its maximum value.

Following our earlier finding that the heat-transfer coefficient, hw, for a horizontal smooth tube immersed in a gas-fluidized bed depends upon its diameter, DT, a systematic investigation was undertaken and the results are reported in this paper. In particular, hw was measured for tubes with diameters of 28.6, 50.8 and 76.2 mm immersed in fluidized beds of silica sands of average particle diameters 497 and 773 μm, and glass beads of average particle diameter 270 μm, as a function of fluidizing air velocity at ambient temperature and pressure. It was found that hw follows the normal and previously observed dependence on G and dp, and also shows an interesting variation with DT; hw first decreases as DT is increased but increases as DT is further increased. The observation that hw has a minimum with respect to DT is suggested by some earlier studies. The understanding of this dependence of hw on DT involves a detailed interpretation of the changing hydrodynamic condition of the bed, particularly in relation to solids motion and related bubble dynamics. This process is discussed at length in this work as the fluidizing velocity is increased while keeping the other parameters unchanged.

Etude experimentale de la correlation entre la vitesse de fluidisation et le coefficient de transfert de chaleur a un tube immerge de lits fluidises de pois, de lentilles et de graines de millet

Postoperative muscle pain occurred in 17.2% of patients given diazepam intravenously 5 minutes prior to suxamethonium. The incidence of muscle pain was 48% in those patients who were not given diazepam before suxamethonium. The difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Five mg diazepam reduced the incidence of pain but not significantly (p = 0.30); 10 mg diazepam significantly reduced the incidence (p less than 0.05); while 15 and 20 mg diazepam showed better effects (p less than 0.01). Diazepam pretreatment also reduced the severity, frequency and duration of muscle pain. The incidence of fasciculations was significantly reduced but there was no correlation between the incidence of fasciculations and the occurrence of muscle pains.

Twenty-eight cases of chromosomal abnormalities were ascertained using G-banding. Seventeen of these had structural abnormalities of a complex nature and are discussed in detail. An independent assessment of chromosome abnormalities was carried out using sequential Q- and R-banding. In no case was there a difference in the identification of the abnormal chromosome, but in two cases a more precise localization or definition of the abnormality was obtained from the R-banded cells. In one case the initial diagnosis of the terminal deletion was altered to interstitial deletion; in the second case a break point in one chromosome involved in a reciprocal translocation was found to be in a different band by R-banding. In several others better delineation of break points or confirmation of complex abnormalities was obtained from the R-banded cells. R-banding was especially helpful in the localization of break points because of the color differentiation obtained with acridine orange. Q-banding was not found to have added any additional information. It was concluded from this study that the use of both G-banding and R-banding in complex abnormalities proved worthwhile.

Summary Lettuce Mosaic Virus has elongated flexuous particles measuring from 630–650 nm in length and 15–16 nm in width.

“Home made brew” (illicit liquor) is often consumed in rural areas of India. Forty-six such alcohol samples were collected from different areas to assess total acidity, pH and ethanol content. The mean ethanol content was 16.47% (v/v) (range 1.11–36.88%). Total acidity ranged between 0.56 and 10.88 with the mean of 2.85 g of sodium hydroxide/1. The mean pH was 4.20 (range 2.70–9.41).