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India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world accounting for about 29 per cent of the world area and 19 per cent of the world’s production. In order to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses, the projected requirement by the year 2025 is estimated at 27.5 MT. To meet this requirement, the productivity needs to be enhanced to 1000 kg/ha, and an additional area of about 3-4 Mha has to be brought under pulses besides reducing post-harvest losses. This uphill task has to be accomplished under more severe production constraints, especially abiotic stresses, abrupt climatic changes, emergence of new species/ strains of insect-pests and diseases, and in-creasing deficiency of secondary and micronutrients in the soil. This requires a two-pronged proactive strategy, i.e. improving per unit productivity and reducing cost of production. The yield levels of pulses have remained low and stagnant, also area and total production. Among the pulses pigeon pea is second most important grain-legumes and major constraints in pigeon pea production is mostly grown in grown on marginal lands under rainfed agriculture and without nutrient management, hence are prone to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is essential for higher production and productivity of pigeon pea, use of high yielding varieties which suitable for intercrop as well as sole cropping system with best nutrient management practices.

We report crystal growth and Raman spectroscopy characterization of pure and mixed bulk topological insulators. The series comprises of both binary and ternary tetradymite topological insulators. We analyzed in detail the Raman peaks of vibrational modes as out of plane Ag, and in plane Eg for both binary and ternary tetradymite topological insulators. Both out of plane Ag exhibit obvious atomic size dependent peak shifts and the effect is much lesser for the former than the latter. The situation is rather interesting for in plane Eg, which not only shows the shift but rather a broader hump like structure. The de convolution of the same show two clear peaks, which are understood in terms of the presence of separate in plane BiSe and BiTe modes in mixed tetradymite topological insulators. Summarily, various Raman modes of well-characterized pure and mixed topological insulator single crystals are reported and discussed in this article., Comment: 17 Pages Text + Figs

A case study was undertaken to assess the risk of sewage-irrigated soils in relation to the transfer of trace elements to rice and wheat grain. For this purpose, peri-urban agricultural lands under the Keshopur Effluent Irrigation Scheme (KEIS) of Delhi were selected. These agricultural lands have been receiving irrigation through sewage effluents since 1979. Sewage effluent, groundwater, soil, and plant (rice and wheat grain) samples were collected with GPS coordinates from this peri-urban area. Under wheat crop, sewage irrigation for four decades resulted into a significant buildup of zinc (141 %), copper (219 %), iron (514 %), nickel (75.0 %), and lead (28.1 %) in sewage-irrigated soils over adjacent tube well water-irrigated ones. Under rice crop, there was also a significant buildup of phosphorus (339 %), sulfur (130 %), zinc (287 %), copper (352 %), iron (457 %), nickel (258 %), lead (136 %), and cadmium (147 %) in sewage-irrigated soils as compared to that of tube well water-irrigated soils. The values of hazard quotient (HQ) for intake of trace toxic elements by humans through consumption of rice and wheat grain grown on these sewage-irrigated soils were well within the safe permissible limit. The variation in Zn, Ni, and Cd content in wheat grain could be explained by solubility-free ion activity model (FIAM) to the extent of 50.1, 56.8, and 37.2 %, respectively. Corresponding values for rice grain were 49.9, 41.2, and 42.7 %, respectively. As high as 36.4 % variation in As content in rice grain could be explained by solubility-FIAM model. Toxic limit of extractable Cd and As in soil for rice in relation to soil properties and human health hazard associated with consumption of rice grain by humans was established. A similar exercise was also done in respect of Cd for wheat. The conceptual framework of fixing the toxic limit of extractable metals and metalloid in soils with respect to soil properties and human health hazard under the modeling framework was established.

To know the extent and pattern of genetic variability exist in fennel (FoeniculumvulgareMill.), a studywere undertaken for at ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer (Rajasthan) India. Analysis of variance wasworked out and it was recorded that most of trait understudy were found significant whereas test weight (g), seed yield per plot (kg) and essential oil were found non-significant. Results revealed that maximum PCV along with GCV were found fornumber of umbels per plant (24.65), seed yield per plot (21.74) and number of secondary branches (20.93). Very high heritability was observed for seed yield per plot (96.1) and number of umbels per plant (94.9). Likewise genetic advance was recorded highest for number of umbels per plant (24.25) and seed yield per plot (0.53). Seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with number of umbellets per umbel (0.329*), test weight (0.371*) and essential oil (0.371*) at genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis exhibit that number of umbels per plant (7.09) had highest positive direct effect on funnel seed yield.

Darjeeling and Sikkim hills of India are well known for production of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata). The recent spread of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has threatened the citrus cultivation in this region. During a survey in Darjeeling and Sikkim hills, pomelo trees were recorded as CTV free. Since pomelo trees did not show any disease appearance, a study was undertaken to ascertain whether they are resistant to CTV infection or resistant to aphid feeding or both. Toxoptera citricida, the most efficient aphid vector and which is abundantly present in this region, did not feed on pomelo when other Citrus species such as mandarin, kagzi lime and rough lemon were available. Additionally, CTV isolates of Darjeeling and Sikkim hills were not transmissible to pomelo either by T. citricida or grafting. We report for the first time that pomelo is resistant to isolates of CTV present in this region.

Darjeeling hills of West Bengal (India) are well known for the production of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata). The spread of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in this area has threatened the cultivation of citrus. Therefore, a study of the incidence and distribution of CTV in Darjeeling hills was undertaken and a geographical map was prepared. In DAS-ELISA, a high titre of CTV was recorded in the tender shoot bark, leaf petiole and mid-rib of seven Citrus spp. Three citrus species, viz., pomelo, trifoliate and kumquat, were found to be free of CTV infection when tested in double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Due to high error correcting capability turbo coding is highly used in digital communication systems. In this article a new design of turbo decoder with reduced dynamic power dissipation is presented. In this modified decoder, standard cell based design using pipeline logarithm-maximum a posterior (Log-MAP) algorithm with clock gating and variable number of iteration is used to reduce the area and to increase the throughput. The information rate of 100 Mbps will be bolstered by forthcoming 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. In 20 MHZ of transfer speed, this information rate will be accomplished. For the entry of high information rate of the 3G LTE frameworks, there is a key prerequisite of turbo decoder execution. In this work, Log-MAP computation based turbo decoder for LTE beneficiary is proposed. The Log-MAP established turbo decoder gives execution closer as far as possible with sensible computational unpredictability. The VHDL coding for parallel design of turbo decoder utilizing Log-MAP calculation for LTE is recreated and combined utilizing Xilinx14.2, Spartan 3 family and the outcomes are checked with the manual count.

Due to famous mistake revising probability turbo coding is significantly used as a piece of advanced correspondence systems. In this paper different arrangement of turbo decoder with decreased element constrain dissemination is shown. In this changed decoder, standard cell based design using pipeline logarithm-most extreme a back (Log-MAP) calculation with clock gating and variable number of cycle is used to reduce the territory and to expand the throughput. Proposed design of modified log-outline decoder is mimicked and mixes using Xilinx14.2. Outcomes of the proposed low-control balanced log-MAP decoder are better than the customary log-MAP turbo decoder.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is exceptionally favored system for rapid information transmission over remote channel. In this paper, VHDL implementation of low power turbo-coded OFDM (TCOFDM) Physical layer architecture is presented. In this architecture a low power memory-less pipelined FFT processor and Log-map turbo encoder/decoders are used to provide high throughput and lower complexity. Log-map turbo decoder provides high speed with good error correction capacity, while FFT/IFFT processor with single delay feedback (SDF) memory less architecture provide improved area and power efficiency. Proposed TCOFDM system is implemented using Xilinx ISE Design suite in the simulation results shows that the proposed scheme is having low power, high speed, high throughput and smaller area in comparison to other schemes.

Seasonal incidence of shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (on shoot), jassids, Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla, whitefly, Bemesia tabaci was more prevalent during vegetative phase of the crop. Peak shoot infestation was observed in second week of October (78%), on initiation of fruiting stage and declined, peak fruit infestation was observed in first week of November (63%). Peak infestation of whitefly and jassids was observed during third week of November (13.52 adults/3leaves) and (7.71 adults/3leaves), respectively. After that, the population was declined with advent of winter season. The role of rainfall and relative humidity was increased the infestation of whitefly and jassids. Temperature was negatively correlated with whitefly and jassids infestation and shoot and fruit infestation was positively correlated with maximum temperature and mean temperature.

Genetic variability, divergence, correlation and path coefficient were estimated in twenty eight genotypes of coriander during Rabi 2014–15 and 2015–16. Highest genetic advance was observed for seed yield per plot followed by plant height. Highest heritability was estimated for number of primary branches followed by plant height. Genotypes were grouped into 12 clusters. Minimum inter-cluster D2 value (2.57) was estimated between clusters II and V whereas, maximum inter-cluster D2 value (9.54) was estimated between clusters III and VI. The seed yield was found significantly and positively correlated with plant height, test weight and seed yield per plot. Path coefficient analysis indicated the highest positive direct effect of number of umbels per plant on 5 plants seed yield followed by number of primary branches and test weight.

The Inter-University Accelerator Center, New Delhi is involved in commissioning a superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC) as a booster to its existing 15 UD Pelletron accelerator. The booster consists of three LINAC modules, each containing eight superconducting Nb quarter wave resonators and a superconducting solenoid magnet. The first LINAC module preceded by a superbuncher with one cavity and followed by a rebuncher cryostat with two cavities was installed in 0° beam line of Pelletron and has been under operation for some time at the Center. The module is integrated with a liquid helium (LHe) refrigerator through a cryogen valve box and the distribution line. The performance tests of each component like the RF cavity, the cryomodule and the liquid helium distribution line were carried out independently prior to the beam acceleration test. After having many trial runs on this integrated cryonetwork system, beam acceleration tests were performed during 2007. The energy of silicon beam with charge state of +10 has been enhanced approximately from 130 MeV to 158 MeV using the first module with seven effective cavities and the accelerated beam was delivered at user’s scattering chamber. The present paper highlights the performance of the first module producing an accelerating beam duly bunched in the rebuncher. The performance of first LINAC cryomodule along with problems and the solution associated with the cryogenic system and the cavities encountered during the beam runs are presented in this paper.

A novel gain and directivity enhancement of microstrip patch array antenna with metallic ring is presented here for WLAN/Wi-Fi application. U-slot technique is used to achieve the necessary impedance transformation at preferred frequency. The designs have array and metallic ring coplanar to radiation patch to enhance the gain. The topology of the structure is dissimilar from conventional microstrip patch antenna. The structure present on the Rogers RO 4003; Using CST Microwave studio is designed & simulated. The simulated return loss is greater than 10 dB at center frequencies 5.9 GHz and 5.96 GHz. The results of microstrip patch antenna with array and metallic ring are simulated. In that microstrip patch antenna array design the improvement to gain and directivity of microstrip patch antenna with reference to 150% dB and 157.89% dBi frequencies as compared to conventional one. Using metallic ring around the patch on dielectric substrate realize gain enhancement and improved return loss. The substrate height is 1.3 mm and dielectric constant is 6.15.

A novel Triple band U-slot microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper. U-slot technique is used to get the wide band width at three selected frequencies. The structure proposed antenna is different from conventional microstrip patch antenna. In this paper the structure is designed on FR-4 substrate, using CST Microwave studio, simulated return loss is greater than 10 dB at center frequencies 5.59 GHz, 6.1 GHz and 6.8 GHz. The return loss is achieved 30dB, 15dB and 36.8 dB at center frequencies 5.59 GHz, 6.1 GHz and 6.8 GHz respectively. The substrate height is 1.99mm and dielectric constant is 4.4. Good enough for WLAN at 5.59GHz and second & third band used for wireless sensor applications.

This paper reports the construction of a superconducting linear accelerator as a booster to the 15 UD Pelletron accelerator at Nuclear Science Centre, New Delhi. The LINAC will use superconducting niobium quarter wave resonators as the accelerating element. Construction of the linear accelerator has progressed sufficiently. Details of the entire accelerator system including the cryogenics facility, RF electronics development, facilities for fabricating niobium resonators indigenously, and present status of the project are presented.

Present research investigation was aimed to determine the optimum combination of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), pomegranate and aloe vera juices, which were mixed together in various proportions to obtain asuitable blend. Box Behnken design was adopted with three factors at five levels of each. The responses wereanalysed to fit a polynomial model by least square technique. Optimized blend was observed to contain aonla juice (71.6%), pomegranate juice (15.6%) and aloe vera (12.7%). Resulted with the responses of TSS 8.91oBrix, acidity 0.40%, ascorbic acid 80.1 mg/100 ml, colour L 23.55 and overall sensory score of 7.9. Regressionmodels for TSS, ascorbic acid and sensory were found significant and the coefficients of determination R2 were found in the range up to 0.93 for these dependent variables. Results showed that the optimized blend of aonla-pomegranate-aloe vera juice is acceptable for further development of premium beverages and can be preservedfor 6 months with good quality attributes.