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Compensation of reactive power in a long transmission line is carried out using flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices like static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). In conventional STATCOM more then one voltage source inverters arranged together in zigzag fashion of transformers; arouse some problems, such as controlling issues, higher loss, extravagant, and unreliable. This paper deals with comparative analysis of five different power inverter topologies for the implementation of STATCOM: three multilevel topologies (five level, seven level, nine level) and two multipulse topologies (six pulse, twelve pulse). The study focuses on device count, total harmonics distortion (THD) measurement in phase voltage, fourier analysis (FFT) etc. More prominence is given to THD measurement due to its impact on line losses and cost of the STATCOM. A comparative analysis of each configuration based on its input DC voltage, THD, V RMS , number of switches and H-bridge requirement etc. have been presented here. Level shifted PWM control technique has been employed for multilevel configuration.

Environment consisting of charged particles leads to an electrostatic discharge (arcs) on the surface of dielectric material. Simulating such environment in laboratory requires the expertise of plasma physics, vacuum technology and advanced instrumentation. Various electrical and optical discharge parameters are important for understanding arc behavior and developing a mitigation technique against it’s deteriorating effects like change in material properties and decrease in substrate’s life. A real time controller can be used for measuring all these parameters. In order to measure feeble arcs of few microseconds, its voltage and current signals are measured using high speed digitizer. Arc voltage signal is used to trigger a CCD camera for capturing arc image and hence locating its position on the substrate’s surface. Both electrical and optical signals are measured simultaneously with high precision. Gradual rise in surface potential which is responsible for ESD, can be measured by scanning entire substrate’s surface at regular time intervals. A non-contact capacitive Trek probe which is carried by a stage controller is used for this measurement. For these measurements, an advanced data acquisition, logging and analysis system is developed using LabVIEW platform. The scope of this paper is limited to on-line measurement of electrical and optical signals of an ESD event using RT and transferring them to host system. A specific case of discharges on solar panel is considered for experimental validation of the developed algorithm.

Background: Although autoimmunity and hyperinflammation secondary to recombination activating gene (RAG) deficiency have been associated with delayed diagnosis and even death, our current understanding is limited primarily to small case series. Objective: Understand the frequency, severity, and treatment responsiveness of autoimmunity and hyperinflammation in RAG deficiency. Methods: In reviewing the literature and our own database, we identified 85 patients with RAG deficiency, reported between 2001 and 2016, and compiled the largest case series to date of 63 patients with prominent autoimmune and/or hyperinflammatory pathology. Results: Diagnosis of RAG deficiency was delayed a median of 5 years from the first clinical signs of immune dysregulation. Most patients (55.6%) presented with more than 1 autoimmune or hyperinflammatory complication, with the most common etiologies being cytopenias (84.1%), granulomas (23.8%), and inflammatory skin disorders (19.0%). Infections, including live viral vaccinations, closely preceded the onset of autoimmunity in 28.6% of cases. Autoimmune cytopenias had early onset (median, 1.9, 2.1, and 2.6 years for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune neutropenia, respectively) and were refractory to intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, and rituximab in most cases (64.7%, 73.7%, and 71.4% for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune neutropenia, respectively). Evans syndrome specifically was associated with lack of response to first-line therapy. Treatment-refractory autoimmunity/hyperinflammation prompted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 20 patients. Conclusions: Autoimmunity/hyperinflammation can be a presenting sign of RAG deficiency and should prompt further evaluation. Multilineage cytopenias are often refractory to immunosuppressive treatment and may require hematopoietic cell transplantation for definitive management. © 2019 The Authors

Background and Aim: In today era, broiler industry facing a problem of price hiking of feed of broiler, also in competitive era there should be lower feed cost, lower feed conversion ratio, low feed consumption yet good body weight at marketable age. Materials and Methods: Day-old commercial broiler chicks (n=200) were distributed randomly into 5 dietary treatment groups viz. control (T 1 ), probiotic in the feed @ 100 g/tonne of feed (T 2 ), prebiotic in the feed @ 500 g/tonne of feed (T 3 ), probiotic + prebiotic @ 100 g/tonne and 500 g/tonne of feed, respectively (T 4 ) and probiotic + prebiotic @ 50 g/tonne and 250 g/tonne of feed (T 5 ). The growth of broilers and dressing weight along with the weight of giblet (liver without gall bladder, gizzard without serous layer, and heart without pericardium), Kidney, Abdominal fat, Length of Intestine and dressing percentage were measured. Economics in terms of Return Over Feed Cost (ROFC) and European Performance Efficiency Index (EPEI) was calculated. Results: Among all carcass traits, dressing percentage, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage (as a percentage of dressed weight) were recorded significant (p

Aim: Squamous cell carcinoma or SCC of horn in bovines (bovine horn core carcinoma) frequently observed in Bos indicus affecting almost 1% of cattle population. Freshly isolated primary epithelial cells may be closely related to the malignant epithelial cells of the tumor. Comparison of gene expression in between horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage primary culture using next generation sequencing was the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: Whole transcriptome sequencing of horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage cells using Ion Torrent PGM were done. Comparative expression and analysis of different genes and pathways related to cancer and biological processes associated with malignancy, proliferating capacity, differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, adhesion, cohesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolic pathways were identified. Results: Up-regulated genes in SCC of horn’s early passage cells were involved in transporter activity, catalytic activity, nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity, biogenesis, cellular processes, biological regulation and localization and the down-regulated genes mainly were involved in focal adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interaction and spliceosome activity. Conclusion: The experiment revealed similar transcriptomic nature of horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage cells.

Background: The management of unstable osteoporotic intertrochantric fractures in elderly is challenging because of difficult anatomical reduction, poor bone quality, and sometimes a need to protect the fracture from stresses of weight bearing. Internal fixation in these cases usually involves prolonged bed rest or limited ambulation, to prevent implant failure secondary to osteoporosis. This might result in higher chances of complications like pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, and decubitus ulcer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of primary hemiarthroplasty in cases of unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric femur fractures. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 37 cases of primary hemiarthroplasty performed for osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures (AO/OTA type 31-A2.2 and 31-A2.3 and Evans type III or IV fractures). There were 27 females and 10 males with a mean age of 77.1 years (range, 62-89 years). Results: Two patients died due to unrelated cause (myocardial infarction) within 6 months of surgery and remaining 35 patients were followed up to an average of 24.5 months (range,18-39 months). The average surgery time was 71 min (range, 55-88 min) with an average intraoperative blood loss of 350 ml (range, 175-500 ml). Six patients needed blood transfusion postoperatively. The patients walked on an average 3.2 days after surgery (range, 2-8 days). One patient had superficial skin infection and one had bed sore with no other significant postoperative complications. One patient of Alzheimer's disease refused to walk and had a poor result. A total of 32 out of 35 patients (91%) had excellent to fair functional results and 2 had poor result with respect to the Harris hip score (mean 84.8΁9.72, range 58-97). One patient who had neurological comorbidity refused to walk post operatively and was labeled as failed result. Conclusion: Hemiarthroplasty for unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in elderly results in early ambulation and good functional results although further prospective randomized trials are required before reaching to conclusion.

Increase in feed prices in recent years has stimulated renewed interest in the area of fee d restriction and simultaneously the birds have to provide space for feeding, watering and normal movements for their optimum growth and production. Thus, a great emphasis has been laid on feeding system, which employs the use of quantitative or qualitative feed restriction. During growing phase 468 White Leghorn (WLH) birds from random bred control population housed on deep litter housing system were exposed to three feeding regimes viz. T (ad lib.), T (Skip-two-days a week) and T (75% of ad lib.) on three different 1 2 3 stocking densities viz. S (2.5 ft /bird; 20 birds/pen), S (2.0 ft /bird; 25 birds/pen) and S (1.5 ft /bird; 33 1 2 3 2 2 2

This paper discusses the state of civil society in modern India. It is described as being a rather alien concept, and one that is not generally experienced by the majority rural population. Whilst ...

Data on performance records of 1249 Frieswal daughters of 71 sires over a period of 13 years from 2000-2012 were analyzed to determine the effects of farm, parity, type of calving, period of birth and season of birth on lactation length (LL), 305-day milk yield (305-DY) and calving interval (CI). The age at first calving (AFC) was considered as covariable. The overall least-squares means for AFC, LL, 305-DY and CI were 31.45±0.89 months, 303.31 ± 7.02 days, 2997.01 ± 123.24 kg and 431.19 ± 16.53 days respectively. Period of birth had significant effect on age at first calving. Farm, type of calving and period of birth had significant effect on lactation length. Farm, parity and season of birth had significant effect on 305-day milk yield. Parity, type of calving, period of birth and season of birth had significant effect on calving interval. Heritability estimates for LL and CI were low (0.17 ± 0.10 and 0.11 ± 0.09), while it was high (0.51±0.14) for 305-DY. The phenotypic and genetic correlation between lactation length, 305-day milk yield and calving interval were observed high and positive.

Magnetic solid state material is one of the most important class of solid state materials, which has driven research in technology and fundamental science for centuries. This section covers seven important subclasses of this, from magnetocaloric materials to giant magnetoimpedance materials. The required concepts to understand every subclass are introduced in the beginning, followed by a comparative review of different materials in focus and breakthroughs in the subclass for the past one decade (A.D. 2000–2012). Every section concludes with an outlook statement, focusing on to future perspective and directions for research in the subclasses.

1. The hypoglossal nucleus unitary correlates of ketamine- and electrically induced tongue contractions and swallowing events were recorded and compared in stereotaxically mounted rats. 2. Very few of the units recorded could be identified as motoneurons by antidromic invasion through electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve. 3. The sample consists of 109 units, 2/3 of which were located in the retrusor pool and 1/3 in the protrusor region. 4. Linguo-pharyngeal events were considered to be electrically induced if they followed consistently, and with a relatively fixed latency, a single electrical pulse delivered to the superior laryngeal nerve, and ketamine-induced if no such time-locked sequence existed or if they occurred in the absence of electrical stimulation. 5. No differences could be discovered between the two types of linguo-pharyngeal events whether they were compared at the polygraphic or the unitary level. 6. These findings suggest that pharmacologically (ketamine)-induced dyskinetic activity does not differ from comparable motor patterns induced by classical electrophysiological means.

Solid dihydrocostunolide (VI), on metal-amine reduction furnishes an acid, C15H24O2 (VII; R = H), the constitution of which has been decided from spectral evidence and confirmed by conversion into the known primary alcohol (V) and the hydrocarbon (IV). Conclusive evidence in support of VII (R = H), and the stereochemistry at C4 have been obtained from the ozonolysis of VII (R = CH3) which gives as one of the products, S-(+)-α-methylglutaric acid dimethyl ester (VIIIa), a compound of known absolute configuration. The other product of ozonolysis, (−)-2-methyl-3 (3′-oxo)-butylsuccinic acid dimethyl ester (VIIIb), is converted into (−)-2S-methyl-3S-butylsuccinic acid dimethyl ester (XV), via desulphurization of its thioketal, which proves the α-orientation of the CH3 group at C11 in both (−)-santonin (X) and dihydrocostunolide (VI). This for the first time provides a chemical proof obtained under mild experimental conditions for the stereochemistry at the centre C11. Acid catalysed cyclization of VII (R = H), furnishes a bicyclic acid, C15H24O2 (XVII; R = H), and santanolide ‘c’ (IX); the formation of the latter confirms the assignment of stereochemistry at C4. α-Cyclodihydrocostunolide (XXVIII), obtainable from both VI and I, has been converted into (+)-isojunenol (XXVII) and dihydro (+)-junenol (XXXIII).