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A review using the information on the problem in domestic and foreign sources of literature was carried out. Selected wild berries of Yakutia in their composition contain anthocyanins, flavanols and other biologically active compounds with experimentally proven anticancer effect in vitro against breast cancer cells. It has been noted that there is an insufficient study of wild berries as preventive agents against breast cancer. Experimental studies have proven the role of lingonberry in inhibiting the development of carcinogen-induced epithelial cancer, and cell culture of lingonberry and cloudberry can reduce the viability and proliferative activity of breast cancer cells. It is recommended to conduct researches on the effect of extracts, juice of northern berries on the development of breast cancer cell culture and find out their possible preventive and therapeutic effect.

Objectives Evolutionary theorists have debated the adaptive significance of developmental plasticity in organisms with long lifespans such as humans. This debate in part stems from uncertainty regarding the timing of sensitive periods. Does sensitivity to environmental signals fluctuate across development or does it steadily decline? We investigated developmental plasticity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) among indigenous Siberians in order to explore the timing of phenotypic sensitivity to cold stress. Methods BAT thermogenesis was quantified using infrared thermal imaging in 78 adults (25 men; 33 women). Cold exposure during gestation, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence was quantified using: (1) the average ambient temperature across each period; (2) the number of times daily temperature dropped below -40°F during each period. We also assessed past cold exposure with a retrospective survey of participation in outdoor activities. Results Adult BAT thermogenesis was significantly associated with the average temperature (p = 0.021), the number of times it was below -40°F (p = 0.026), and participation in winter outdoor activities (p = 0.037) during early childhood. Conclusions Our results suggest that early childhood represents an important stage for developmental plasticity, and that culture may play a critical role in shaping the timing of environmental signals. The findings highlight a new pathway through which the local consequences of global climate change may influence human biology, and they suggest that ambient temperature may represent an understudied component of the developmental origins of health and disease.

Extreme climatic conditions of the North with low temperatures and the traditional diet are responsible for development of a specific mechanisms of lipid metabolism among the indigenous peoples of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. The evolutionary patterns of lipid metabolism fixed in the genome in the form of polymorphic genetic markers are important for the development of regional healthcare programs for prevention of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristic features of lipid metabolism and metabolic disorders in the Yakut population. A systematic review of the results of studies of lipid profile parameters and key candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism among the indigenous inhabitants of Yakutia over the past 10 years was performed. The available evidence suggests that in indigenous inhabitants of Yakutia, the indicators of lipid metabolism are not a matter for concern. Participants of the most studies have a high concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low concentrations of triglycerides and low plasma atherogenic index, which are associated with physiological adaptation to environmental conditions. However, changes in dietary patterns including increased consumption of carbohydrates and lifestyle changes including reduced physical activity and abandonment of traditional activities have led to the spread of metabolic disorders in recent decades. Prevalence estimates for the metabolic syndrome in the indigenous inhabitants of Yakutia aged 20 years or older vary from 4.9 % in men to 49.4 % in women in the Arctic regions. We also discuss the mechanisms of lipid metabolism and the role of LepR, LPL, CETP, IL6, PON1 genes in the development of metabolic disorders in the Yakut population.

The study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), particularly the hypervariable segment (HVS1) region, is widely used to reconstruct a population's history, structure, and origin. The origin of the Sakha people living in the north-east of Russia has been discussed for more than 300 years, but up to the present time many aspects of their ethnogenesis remain unclear. In order to clarify the migration routes of the ancient ancestors of the Sakha, we analyzed the mitotypes of 69 unrelated representatives of this ethnic group, whose belonging to the ethnic group was traced to the third generation. In the studied Sakha group, we identified 33 mitotypes, the distribution of which by haplogroups approximately coincides with the data of other studies. The results of a comparative study of Sakha mitotypes according to EMPOP data and literature sources revealed a wide distribution of the identified mtDNA HVS1 haplotypes in many populations of Eurasia. A comparison of the obtained mitotypes with the results of mtDNA sequencing of ancient samples shows that most of the mtDNA lines of modern Sakha have long been located on the territory of Yakutia. West Eurasian and East Asian mtDNA lines were incorporated into the Sakha genome at different times in different ways. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the routes of ancient migrations of the ancestors of the Sakha population.

Population growth, socio-cultural and economic changes as well as technological progress have an immediate impact on the environment and human health in particular. Our steadily rising needs of resources increase the pressure on the environment and narrow down untainted habitats for plants and wild animals. Balance and resilience of ecosystems are further threatened by climate change, as temperature and seasonal shifts increase the pressure for all species to find successful survival strategies. Arctic and subarctic regions are especially vulnerable to climate change, as thawing of permafrost significantly transforms soil structures, vegetation and habitats. With rising temperature, the risk of zoonotic diseases in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has also increased. As vegetation periods prolong and habitats broaden, zoonotic pathogens and their vectors find more favourable living conditions. Moreover, permafrost degradation may expose historic burial grounds and allow for reviving the vectors of deadly infections from the past. To assess the current state of knowledge and emerging risks in the light of the “One Health” concept, a German-Russian Symposium took place on 13 August 2018 in Yakutsk, Russian Federation. This symposium report presents the main findings generated from presentations and discussions.

OBJECTIVES This study provides the first investigation of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity among an indigenous circumpolar population, the Yakut of northeastern Siberia. The study also examines the health significance of BAT activity in this population by testing the relationships between BAT thermogenesis and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disease risk, such as percent body fat and blood glucose and cholesterol levels. METHODS Data were collected in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) for 31 men and 43 women. Change in energy expenditure and BAT thermogenesis were quantified after a 30-minute mild cooling condition. Anthropometric dimensions, blood glucose, and lipid levels were also collected. RESULTS On average, the skin temperature of the supraclavicular area was constant after cooling while the skin temperature of a point on the sternum dropped significantly (P