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1. Assessing knowledge gaps and empowering Extension workers in Illinois with information on ticks and tickborne diseases through KAP surveys

Author: S. Chakraborty, H. Kopsco, C. Evans, N. Mateus-Pinilla, and R.L. Smith
Subjects: Extension workers, Illinois, Tickborne diseases, Tick education, KAP study, Tickborne risk, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: Tickborne diseases (TBDs) are increasingly prevalent in Illinois and the Upper Midwest region. People who work in occupations that require time outdoors in agricultural or natural settings, such as some Extension workers, are at risk of tick bites and TBDs. Additionally, Extension workers are often a primary source of information about ticks and TBDs in rural communities. However, there is limited information on the level of awareness about ticks and TBDs in the Extension community. The goals of this study were to sequentially i) determine the baseline awareness of Extension workers in Illinois about ticks and TBDs using a knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey tool, ii) provide comprehensive training on ticks and TBDs to this demographic, and iii) measure the uptake of knowledge after the training intervention through a post-training survey. The study period was from June 2022 until May 2023. We received 233 pre-training and 93 paired post-training survey responses. Most survey respondents were Extension volunteers, identified as women, and were over 50 years old. Knowledge about ticks and TBDs varied. We identified several gaps in their current tick awareness, most importantly, in tick prevention measures, tick identification, and TBDs in general. TBD knowledge, attitude, and practice scores all significantly improved after training (p
Published: 2024
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2. Designing Sustainable Supply Chains

Author: D. Young, T. Hawkins, W. Ingwersen, J. Lee S., G. Ruiz-Mercado, D. Sengupta, and R.L. Smith
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: The Office of Research and Development within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently put forth a new vision for environmental protection that states that sustainability is our “True North”. In support of this new vision, an effort to design supply chains to be as sustainable as possible has been undertaken. This effort has two focus areas: consumer products and the transportation sector (biofuels). Starting with more than one hundred environmental metrics (e.g., energy, economic, and process) and sustainability metrics (e.g., ecological footprint, emergy, and exergy), a subset of the most relevant metrics have been identified and is currently being employed to evaluate the sustainability of the supply chains of multiple facilities of similar consumer products. From this evaluation, a set of rules or guidelines will be established that can be used to design a new supply chain or suggest improvements to current supply chains. Concurrently, an effort focusing on evaluating supply chains in the transportation sector is also contributing to the development of these design rules and guidelines. An approach for evaluating the sustainability of a supply chain and for designing them to be as sustainable as possible has been described. The premilinary results highlight the tradeoffs that will need to be considered when comparing alternatives especially for the biofuels; they also highlight the need for care in selecting and interpreting the metrics.
Published: 2012
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3. A Paratransit Maintenance Cost-Allocation Model

Author: P.A. Koushki, R.L. Smith, and Z.A. Barry
Subjects: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: The maintenance cost of public transit vehicles constitutes a significant portion of a transit system’s total operating cost. While a significant body of literature on the maintenance cost of bus transit systems is available in developed and developing nations, cost records concerning paratransit systems are incomplete at best. This paper reports on the development of a minibus paratransit system maintenance cost model. The physical, maintenance, and service costs of 92 paratransit minibuses, operating over six routes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia are presented. A correlation matrix, indicating degrees of linear association between a set of explanatory variables (number of stops, route length, travel speed, kilometers of operation, number of service runs, hours of operation, vehicle age, and route pavement condition), land the response variable (maintenance cost), is given. The structure of quadratic response surface and multiple linear regression models are discussed. The model, which satisfies the needs of both accuracy and practical application, is recommended.
Published: 1994
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4. Biofuel Supply Chains: Impacts, Indicators and Sustainability Metrics

Author: R.L. Smith
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Abstract preview not available - see full-text PDF article.
Published: 2010
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5. Rapid, High-Yield Method for the Bulk Purification of Fibronectin from Human Plasma

Author: M. Harper, T.L. Thompson, Y.-N. Zhu, R.L. Smith, D. Carden, L. Coe, B. Alexander, and J.S. Alexander
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Published: 2000
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6. A Slippery Slope and a Telescope: Gastroduodenal Intussusception in a Critically Ill Adult

Author: V. Soetanto, B.G. Wu, and R.L. Smith
Published: 2023

7. Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Biomarker for Lung Cancer Survival

Author: A.E. Imperato, Y. Li, R.L. Smith, H. Sauthoff, K. Felner, L.N. Segal, D.H. Sterman, and J.J. Tsay
Published: 2021

8. The Associations of Dietary Copper with Incident Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risks in Community (ARIC) Study

Author: James D. Stewart, E. Park, Q. Ying, Xiaohui Xu, Melinda C. Power, R.L. Smith, Jingkai Wei, Eric A. Whitsel, and E.E. Bennett
Subjects: business.industry, Environmental health, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, Dementia, Dietary Copper, business, medicine.disease, Aric study, General Environmental Science
Published: 2020

9. Predictors of residential location change in the ARIC Study

Author: R.L. Smith, James D. Stewart, Eric A. Whitsel, Q. Ying, E. Park, Jingkai Wei, Melinda C. Power, E.E. Bennett, and Xiaohui Xu
Subjects: Residential location, Geography, Environmental health, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Aric study, General Environmental Science
Published: 2020

10. Erratum: Gaia Data Release 2: The kinematics of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way (Astronomy and Astrophysics (2018) 616 (A12) DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832698)

Author: Helmi, A. Van Leeuwen, F. McMillan, P.J. Massari, D. Antoja, T. Robin, A.C. Lindegren, L. Bastian, U. Arenou, F. Babusiaux, C. Biermann, M. Breddels, M.A. Hobbs, D. Jordi, C. Pancino, E. Reylé, C. Veljanoski, J. Brown, A.G.A. Vallenari, A. Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Evans, D.W. Eyer, L. Jansen, F. Klioner, S.A. Lammers, U. Luri, X. Mignard, F. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Siddiqui, H.I. Soubiran, C. Walton, N.A. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M.G. Bakker, J. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. De Angeli, F. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Holl, B. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nienartowicz, K. Panuzzo, P. Portell, J. Riello, M. Seabroke, G.M. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Audard, M. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Burgess, P. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Clementini, G. Clotet, M. Creevey, O. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. Delchambre, L. Dell'Oro, A. Ducourant, C. Fernández-Hernández, J. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. Galluccio, L. Garciá-Torres, M. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Gosset, E. Guy, L.P. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hernández, J. Hestroffer, D. Hodgkin, S.T. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Jordan, S. Korn, A.J. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A.C. Lebzelter, T. Löffler, W. Manteiga, M. Marrese, P.M. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Muinonen, K. Osinde, J. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P.J. Rimoldini, L. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Sozzetti, A. Süveges, M. Torra, J. Van Reeven, W. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aerts, C. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alvarez, R. Alves, J. Anderson, R.I. Andrei, A.H. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Arcay, B. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balm, P. Barache, C. Barata, C. Barbato, D. Barblan, F. Barklem, P.S. Barrado, D. Barros, M. Barstow, M.A. Bartholomé Muñoz, S. Bassilana, J.-L. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Berihuete, A. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Boeche, C. Bombrun, A. Borrachero, R. Bossini, D. Bouquillon, S. Bourda, G. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Bressan, A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Brugaletta, E. Bucciarelli, B. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A.G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cannizzaro, G. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Charlot, P. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cocozza, G. Costigan, G. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Cuypers, J. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, P. David, M. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Martino, D. De Souza, R. De Torres, A. Debosscher, J. Del Pozo, E. Delbo, M. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. Di Matteo, P. Diakite, S. Diener, C. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Eriksson, K. Esquej, P. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Figueras, F. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Frézouls, B. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Garabato, D. Garciá-Sedano, F. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavel, A. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Geyer, R. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Glass, F. Gomes, M. Granvik, M. Gueguen, A. Guerrier, A. Guiraud, J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Heu, J. Hilger, T. Hofmann, W. Holland, G. Huckle, H.E. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Janßen, K. Jevardat De Fombelle, G. Jonker, P.G. Juhász, Á.L. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kewley, A. Klar, J. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, M. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Koubsky, P. Lambert, S. Lanza, A.F. Lasne, Y. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Fustec, Y. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. López, M. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchal, O. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marinoni, S. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martino, M. Marton, G. Mary, N. Matijevič, G. Mazeh, T. Messina, S. Michalik, D. Millar, N.R. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. O'Mullane, W. Ordénovic, C. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poggio, E. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rambaux, N. Ramos-Lerate, M. Regibo, S. Riclet, F. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rivard, A. Rixon, G. Roegiers, T. Roelens, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sanna, N. Santana-Ros, T. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Ségransan, D. Shih, I.-C. Siltala, L. Silva, A.F. Smart, R.L. Smith, K.W. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Surdej, J. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Teyssandier, P. Thuillot, W. Titarenko, A. Torra Clotet, F. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Uzzi, S. Vaillant, M. Valentini, G. Valette, V. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Vaschetto, M. Vecchiato, A. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Von Essen, C. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Walmsley, G. Weiler, M. Wertz, O. Wevers, T. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Yoldas, A. Žerjal, M. Ziaeepour, H. Zorec, J. Zschocke, S. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T.
Abstract: This is a corrigendum to Gaia Collaboration (2018). It corrects errors in Appendix B, which describes the modelling of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC). One of these errors also affects Fig. 18 of the paper, which shows the rotation curve and median radial motion in the LMC. No other results in the paper are affected. There should be no vector products in Appendix B, and everywhere a vector product appears should be a scalar product. This affects Eqs. (B.5), (B.8), (B.10), (B.12), (B.13), and (B.20). Equation (B.10), which defines one component of position within the plane of the galaxy, contains an additional typographical error, and it should have read (Farmula Presented) Equation (B.21) is incorrect. The factor of (ax + by + z) is applied to the wrong part of the equation. It should have read (Farmula Presented) This error affects the derived deprojected motions of stars in the LMC, and means that changes in the observational signature of the bulk motion away from the centre are not properly accounted for. The effect becomes more significant further from the centre. Figure 1 shows the resulting median tangential velocity, vT (the rotation curve), and median radial velocity vR as a function of de-projected radius R for the LMC, which is otherwise produced in the same way as before. The major differences between this and the equivalent figure in Gaia Collaboration (2018) are as follows The rotation curve reaches a greater velocity (~85 km s-1 versus ~75 km s-1) and remains flat beyond 6 kpc, as opposed to starting to fall. The difference in asymmetric drift for the blue and red populations is clearer the blue population, which is typically younger than the redder population, is rotating faster. The apparent outward motion of the stellar populations is much smaller. The blue population has almost no net radial motion, while the red population has one of .8 km s-1 (as opposed to ~20 km s-1). The difference in radial motion between the y < 0 and y > 0 populations is dramatically reduced, as is the difference between the value derived assuming the known line-of-sight bulk motion and the one derived leaving this value free. © 2020 ESO.
Published: 2020

11. Erratum: Gaia Data Release 2: Kinematics of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way (A&A (2018) 616 (A12) DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832698)

Author: Helmi, A. Van Leeuwen, F. McMillan, P.J. Massari, D. Antoja, T. Robin, A.C. Lindegren, L. Bastian, U. Arenou, F. Babusiaux, C. Biermann, M. Breddels, M.A. Hobbs, D. Jordi, C. Pancino, E. Reylé, C. Veljanoski, J. Brown, A.G.A. Vallenari, A. Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Evans, D.W. Eyer, L. Jansen, F. Klioner, S.A. Lammers, U. Luri, X. Mignard, F. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Siddiqui, H.I. Soubiran, C. Walton, N.A. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M.G. Bakker, J. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. De Angeli, F. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Holl, B. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nienartowicz, K. Panuzzo, P. Portell, J. Riello, M. Seabroke, G.M. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Audard, M. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Burgess, P. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Clementini, G. Clotet, M. Creevey, O. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. Delchambre, L. Delloro, A. Ducourant, C. Fernández-Hernández, J. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. Galluccio, L. García-Torres, M. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Gosset, E. Guy, L.P. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hernández, J. Hestroffer, D. Hodgkin, S.T. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Jordan, S. Korn, A.J. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A.C. Lebzelter, T. Löffler, W. Manteiga, M. Marrese, P.M. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Muinonen, K. Osinde, J. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P.J. Rimoldini, L. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Sozzetti, A. Süveges, M. Torra, J. Van Reeven, W. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aerts, C. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alvarez, R. Alves, J. Anderson, R.I. Andrei, A.H. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Arcay, B. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balm, P. Barache, C. Barata, C. Barbato, D. Barblan, F. Barklem, P.S. Barrado, D. Barros, M. Barstow, M.A. Bartholomé Muñoz, S. Bassilana, J.-L. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Berihuete, A. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Boeche, C. Bombrun, A. Borrachero, R. Bossini, D. Bouquillon, S. Bourda, G. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Bressan, A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Brugaletta, E. Bucciarelli, B. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A.G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cannizzaro, G. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Charlot, P. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cocozza, G. Costigan, G. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Cuypers, J. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, P. David, M. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Martino, D. De Souza, R. De Torres, A. Debosscher, J. Del Pozo, E. Delbo, M. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. Di Matteo, P. Diakite, S. Diener, C. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Eriksson, K. Esquej, P. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Figueras, F. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Frézouls, B. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Garabato, D. García-Sedano, F. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavel, A. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Geyer, R. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Glass, F. Gomes, M. Granvik, M. Gueguen, A. Guerrier, A. Guiraud, J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Heu, J. Hilger, T. Hofmann, W. Holland, G. Huckle, H.E. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Janßen, K. Jevardat De Fombelle, G. Jonker, P.G. Juhász, Á.L. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kewley, A. Klar, J. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, M. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Koubsky, P. Lambert, S. Lanza, A.F. Lasne, Y. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Fustec, Y. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. López, M. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchal, O. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marinoni, S. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martino, M. Marton, G. Mary, N. Matijevič, G. Mazeh, T. Messina, S. Michalik, D. Millar, N.R. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. O'Mullane, W. Ordénovic, C. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poggio, E. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rambaux, N. Ramos-Lerate, M. Regibo, S. Riclet, F. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rivard, A. Rixon, G. Roegiers, T. Roelens, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sanna, N. Santana-Ros, T. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Ségransan, D. Shih, I.-C. Siltala, L. Silva, A.F. Smart, R.L. Smith, K.W. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Surdej, J. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Teyssandier, P. Thuillot, W. Titarenko, A. Torra Clotet, F. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Uzzi, S. Vaillant, M. Valentini, G. Valette, V. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Vaschetto, M. Vecchiato, A. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Von Essen, C. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Walmsley, G. Weiler, M. Wertz, O. Wevems, T. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Yoldas, A. Erjal, M. Ziaeepour, H. Zorec, J. Zschocke, S. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T. Helmi, A.
Abstract: An error occurred during the production process of the original published version. The following names were omitted from the author list: R. Haigron, D. Hatzidimitriou, M. Hauser, M. Haywood, U. Heiter, J. Heu, T. Hilger. The original published version has been corrected together with the publication of this corrigendum. © 2020 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
Published: 2020

12. Gaia Data Release 2: Variable stars in the colour-absolute magnitude diagram

Author: Eyer, L. Rimoldini, L. Audard, M. Anderson, R.I. Nienartowicz, K. Glass, F. Marchal, O. Grenon, M. Mowlavi, N. Holl, B. Clementini, G. Aerts, C. Mazeh, T. Evans, D.W. Szabados, L. Brown, A.G.A. Vallenari, A. Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Babusiaux, C. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Biermann, M. Jansen, F. Jordi, C. Klioner, S.A. Lammers, U. Lindegren, L. Luri, X. Mignard, F. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Siddiqui, H.I. Soubiran, C. Van Leeuwen, F. Walton, N.A. Arenou, F. Bastian, U. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M.G. Bakker, J. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. De Angeli, F. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Panuzzo, P. Portell, J. Riello, M. Seabroke, G.M. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Burgess, P. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Clotet, M. Creevey, O. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. Delchambre, L. Dell'Oro, A. Ducourant, C. Fernández-Hernández, J. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. Galluccio, L. García-Torres, M. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Gosset, E. Guy, L.P. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hernández, J. Hestroffer, D. Hodgkin, S.T. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Jordan, S. Korn, A.J. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A.C. Lebzelter, T. Löffler, W. Manteiga, M. Marrese, P.M. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Muinonen, K. Osinde, J. Pancino, E. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P.J. Robin, A.C. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Sozzetti, A. Süveges, M. Torra, J. Van Reeven, W. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alvarez, R. Alves, J. Andrei, A.H. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Antoja, T. Arcay, B. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balm, P. Barache, C. Barata, C. Barbato, D. Barblan, F. Barklem, P.S. Barrado, D. Barros, M. Barstow, M.A. Bartholomé Muñoz, S. Bassilana, J.-L. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Berihuete, A. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Boeche, C. Bombrun, A. Borrachero, R. Bossini, D. Bouquillon, S. Bourda, G. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Breddels, M.A. Bressan, A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Brugaletta, E. Bucciarelli, B. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A.G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cannizzaro, G. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Charlot, P. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cocozza, G. Costigan, G. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Cuypers, J. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, P. David, M. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Martino, D. De Souza, R. De Torres, A. Debosscher, J. Del Pozo, E. Delbo, M. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. Diakite, S. Diener, C. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Eriksson, K. Esquej, P. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Figueras, F. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Frézouls, B. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Garabato, D. García-Sedano, F. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavel, A. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Geyer, R. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Gomes, M. Granvik, M. Gueguen, A. Guerrier, A. Guiraud, J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Helmi, A. Heu, J. Hilger, T. Hobbs, D. Hofmann, W. Holland, G. Huckle, H.E. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Janßen, K. Jevardat De Fombelle, G. Jonker, P.G. Juhász, A.L. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kewley, A. Klar, J. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, M. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Koubsky, P. Lambert, S. Lanza, A.F. Lasne, Y. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Fustec, Y. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. López, M. Lorenz, D. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marinoni, S. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martino, M. Marton, G. Mary, N. Massari, D. Matijevič, G. McMillan, P.J. Messina, S. Michalik, D. Millar, N.R. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morgenthaler, S. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. O'Mullane, W. Ordénovic, C. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poggio, E. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rambaux, N. Ramos-Lerate, M. Regibo, S. Reylé, C. Riclet, F. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rivard, A. Rixon, G. Roegiers, T. Roelens, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sanna, N. Santana-Ros, T. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Ségransan, D. Shih, I.-C. Siltala, L. Silva, A.F. Smart, R.L. Smith, K.W. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Surdej, J. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Teyssandier, P. Thuillot, W. Titarenko, A. Torra Clotet, F. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Uzzi, S. Vaillant, M. Valentini, G. Valette, V. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Vaschetto, M. Vecchiato, A. Veljanoski, J. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Von Essen, C. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Walmsley, G. Weiler, M. Wertz, O. Wevers, T. Wyrzykowski, A. Yoldas, A. Žerjal, M. Ziaeepour, H. Zorec, J. Zschocke, S. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G â‰² 21 mag. Aims. We showcase stellar variability in the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD). We focus on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars that exhibit variability that is due to rotation and eclipses. Methods. We describe the locations of variable star classes, variable object fractions, and typical variability amplitudes throughout the CaMD and show how variability-related changes in colour and brightness induce "motions". To do this, we use 22 months of calibrated photometric, spectro-photometric, and astrometric Gaia data of stars with a significant parallax. To ensure that a large variety of variable star classes populate the CaMD, we crossmatched Gaia sources with known variable stars. We also used the statistics and variability detection modules of the Gaia variability pipeline. Corrections for interstellar extinction are not implemented in this article. Results. Gaia enables the first investigation of Galactic variable star populations in the CaMD on a similar, if not larger, scale as was previously done in the Magellanic Clouds. Although the observed colours are not corrected for reddening, distinct regions are visible in which variable stars occur. We determine variable star fractions to within the current detection thresholds of Gaia. Finally, we report the most complete description of variability-induced motion within the CaMD to date. Conclusions. Gaia enables novel insights into variability phenomena for an unprecedented number of stars, which will benefit the understanding of stellar astrophysics. The CaMD of Galactic variable stars provides crucial information on physical origins of variability in a way that has previously only been accessible for Galactic star clusters or external galaxies. Future Gaia data releases will enable significant improvements over this preview by providing longer time series, more accurate astrometry, and additional data types (time series BP and RP spectra, RVS spectra, and radial velocities), all for much larger samples of stars. © 2019 ESO.
Published: 2019

13. P.455 Effect of CYP2D6 genotype on exposure and efficacy of risperidone and aripiprazole: A retrospective, cohort study

Author: M. Jukic, R.L. Smith, T. Haslemo, E. Moleden, and M. Ingelman-Sundberg
Subjects: Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology, Pharmacology (medical), Neurology (clinical), Biological Psychiatry
Published: 2019

14. Observational hertzsprung-russell diagrams

Author: Babusiaux, C. Van Leeuwen, F. Barstow, M.A. Jordi, C. Vallenari, A. Bossini, D. Bressan, A. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Van Leeuwen, M. Brown, A.G.A. Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Biermann, M. Evans, D.W. Eyer, L. Jansen, F. Klioner, S.A. Lammers, U. Lindegren, L. Luri, X. Mignard, F. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Siddiqui, H.I. Soubiran, C. Walton, N.A. Arenou, F. Bastian, U. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M.G. Bakker, J. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. De Angeli, F. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Holl, B. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nienartowicz, K. Panuzzo, P. Portell, J. Riello, M. Seabroke, G.M. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Audard, M. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Burgess, P. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Clementini, G. Clotet, M. Creevey, O. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. Delchambre, L. Dell'Oro, A. Ducourant, C. Fernández-Hernández, J. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. Galluccio, L. García-Torres, M. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Gosset, E. Guy, L.P. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hernández, J. Hestroffer, D. Hodgkin, S.T. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Jordan, S. Korn, A.J. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A.C. Lebzelter, T. Löffler, W. Manteiga, M. Marrese, P.M. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Muinonen, K. Osinde, J. Pancino, E. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P.J. Rimoldini, L. Robin, A.C. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Sozzetti, A. Süveges, M. Torra, J. Van Reeven, W. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aerts, C. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alvarez, R. Alves, J. Anderson, R.I. Andrei, A.H. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Antoja, T. Arcay, B. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balm, P. Barache, C. Barata, C. Barbato, D. Barblan, F. Barklem, P.S. Barrado, D. Barros, M. Bartholomé Muñoz, S. Bassilana, J.-L. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Berihuete, A. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Boeche, C. Bombrun, A. Borrachero, R. Bouquillon, S. Bourda, G. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Breddels, M.A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Brugaletta, E. Bucciarelli, B. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A.G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cannizzaro, G. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Charlot, P. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cocozza, G. Costigan, G. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Cuypersy, J. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, P. David, M. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Martino, D. De Souza, R. De Torres, A. Debosscher, J. Del Pozo, E. Delbo, M. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. Diakite, S. Diener, C. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Eriksson, K. Esquej, P. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Figueras, F. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Frézouls, B. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Garabato, D. García-Sedano, F. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavel, A. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Geyer, R. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Glass, F. Gomes, M. Granvik, M. Gueguen, A. Guerrier, A. Guiraud, J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Helmi, A. Heu, J. Hilger, T. Hobbs, D. Hofmann, W. Holland, G. Huckle, H.E. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Janßen, K. De Fombelle, G.J. Jonker, P.G. Juhász, Á.L. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kewley, A. Klar, J. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, M. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Koubsky, P. Lambert, S. Lanza, A.F. Lasne, Y. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Fustec, Y. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. López, M. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchal, O. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marinoni, S. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martino, M. Marton, G. Mary, N. Massari, D. Matijević, G. Mazeh, T. McMillan, P.J. Messina, S. Michalik, D. Millar, N.R. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. O'Mullane, W. Ordénovic, C. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poggio, E. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rambaux, N. Ramos-Lerate, M. Regibo, S. Reylé, C. Riclet, F. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rivard, A. Rixon, G. Roegiers, T. Roelens, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sanna, N. Santana-Ros, T. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Ségransan, D. Shih, I.-C. Siltala, L. Silva, A.F. Smart, R.L. Smith, K.W. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Surdej, J. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Teyssandier, P. Thuillot, W. Titarenko, A. Torra Clotet, F. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Uzzi, S. Vaillant, M. Valentini, G. Valette, V. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Vaschetto, M. Vecchiato, A. Veljanoski, J. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Von Essen, C. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Walmsley, G. Weiler, M. Wertz, O. Wevers, T. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Yoldas, A. Žerjal, M. Ziaeepour, H. Zorec, J. Zschocke, S. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Gaia Data Release 2 provides high-precision astrometry and three-band photometry for about 1.3 billion sources over the full sky. The precision, accuracy, and homogeneity of both astrometry and photometry are unprecedented. Aims. We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs, depending in particular on stellar population selections. We do not aim here for completeness in terms of types of stars or stellar evolutionary aspects. Instead, we have chosen several illustrative examples. Methods. We describe some of the selections that can be made in Gaia DR2 to highlight the main structures of the Gaia HRDs. We select both field and cluster (open and globular) stars, compare the observations with previous classifications and with stellar evolutionary tracks, and we present variations of the Gaia HRD with age, metallicity, and kinematics. Late stages of stellar evolution such as hot subdwarfs, post-AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and white dwarfs are also analysed, as well as low-mass brown dwarf objects. Results. The Gaia HRDs are unprecedented in both precision and coverage of the various Milky Way stellar populations and stellar evolutionary phases. Many fine structures of the HRDs are presented. The clear split of the white dwarf sequence into hydrogen and helium white dwarfs is presented for the first time in an HRD. The relation between kinematics and the HRD is nicely illustrated. Two different populations in a classical kinematic selection of the halo are unambiguously identified in the HRD. Membership and mean parameters for a selected list of open clusters are provided. They allow drawing very detailed cluster sequences, highlighting fine structures, and providing extremely precise empirical isochrones that will lead to more insight in stellar physics. Conclusions. Gaia DR2 demonstrates the potential of combining precise astrometry and photometry for large samples for studies in stellar evolution and stellar population and opens an entire new area for HRD-based studies. © ESO 2018.
Published: 2018

15. Observations of solar system objects

Author: Spoto, F. Tanga, P. Mignard, F. Berthier, J. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Dell'Oro, A. Hestroffer, D. Muinonen, K. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. David, P. De Angeli, F. Delbo, M. Frézouls, B. Galluccio, L. Granvik, M. Guiraud, J. Hernández, J. Ordénovic, C. Portell, J. Poujoulet, E. Thuillot, W. Walmsley, G. Brown, A.G.A. Vallenari, A. Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Babusiaux, C. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Biermann, M. Evans, D.W. Eyer, L. Jansen, F. Jordi, C. Klioner, S.A. Lammers, U. Lindegren, L. Luri, X. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Siddiqui, H.I. Soubiran, C. Van Leeuwen, F. Walton, N.A. Arenou, F. Bastian, U. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M.G. Bakker, J. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Holl, B. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nienartowicz, K. Panuzzo, P. Riello, M. Seabroke, G.M. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Audard, M. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Blomme, R. Burgess, P. Busso, G. Clementini, G. Clotet, M. Creevey, O. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. Delchambre, L. Ducourant, C. Fernández-Hernández, J. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. García-Torres, M. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Gosset, E. Guy, L.P. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hodgkin, S.T. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Jordan, S. Korn, A.J. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A.C. Lebzelter, T. Löffler, W. Manteiga, M. Marrese, P.M. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Osinde, J. Pancino, E. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P.J. Rimoldini, L. Robin, A.C. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Sozzetti, A. Süveges, M. Torra, J. Van Reeven, W. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aerts, C. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alvarez, R. Alves, J. Anderson, R.I. Andrei, A.H. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Antoja, T. Arcay, B. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balm, P. Barache, C. Barata, C. Barbato, D. Barblan, F. Barklem, P.S. Barrado, D. Barros, M. Barstow, M.A. Bartholomé Muñoz, S. Bassilana, J.-L. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Berihuete, A. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Boeche, C. Bombrun, A. Borrachero, R. Bossini, D. Bouquillon, S. Bourda, G. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Breddels, M.A. Bressan, A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Brugaletta, E. Bucciarelli, B. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A.G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cannizzaro, G. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Charlot, P. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cocozza, G. Costigan, G. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Cuypersy, J. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, M. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Souza, R. De Torres, A. Debosscher, J. De Pozo, E.L. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. Diakite, S. Diener, C. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Eriksson, K. Esquej, P. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Figueras, F. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Garabato, D. García-Sedano, F. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavel, A. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Geyer, R. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Glass, F. Gomes, M. Gueguen, A. Guerrier, A. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Helmi, A. Heu, J. Hilger, T. Hobbs, D. Hofmann, W. Holland, G. Huckle, H.E. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Janßen, K. De Fombelle, G.J. Jonker, P.G. Juhász, Á.L. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kewley, A. Klar, J. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, M. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Koubsky, P. Lambert, S. Lanza, A.F. Lasne, Y. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Fustec, Y. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. López, M. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchal, O. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marinoni, S. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martino, M. Marton, G. Mary, N. Massari, D. Matijević, G. Mazeh, T. McMillan, P.J. Messina, S. Michalik, D. Millar, N.R. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. O'Mullane, W. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poggio, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rambaux, N. Ramos-Lerate, M. Regibo, S. Reylé, C. Riclet, F. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rivard, A. Rixon, G. Roegiers, T. Roelens, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sanna, N. Santana-Ros, T. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Ségransan, D. Shih, I.-C. Siltala, L. Silva, A.F. Smart, R.L. Smith, K.W. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Surdej, J. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Teyssandier, P. Titarenko, A. Torra Clotet, F. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Uzzi, S. Vaillant, M. Valentini, G. Valette, V. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Vaschetto, M. Vecchiato, A. Veljanoski, J. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Von Essen, C. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Weiler, M. Wertz, O. Wevers, T. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Yoldas, A. Žerjal, M. Ziaeepour, H. Zorec, J. Zschocke, S. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia spacecraft of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been securing observations of solar system objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations. Data Release 2 (DR2) contains the observations of a selected sample of 14,099 SSOs. These asteroids have been already identified and have been numbered by the Minor Planet Center repository. Positions are provided for each Gaia observation at CCD level. As additional information, complementary to astrometry, the apparent brightness of SSOs in the unfiltered G band is also provided for selected observations. Aims. We explain the processing of SSO data, and describe the criteria we used to select the sample published in Gaia DR2. We then explore the data set to assess its quality. Methods. To exploit the main data product for the solar system in Gaia DR2, which is the epoch astrometry of asteroids, it is necessary to take into account the unusual properties of the uncertainty, as the position information is nearly one-dimensional. When this aspect is handled appropriately, an orbit fit can be obtained with post-fit residuals that are overall consistent with the a-priori error model that was used to define individual values of the astrometric uncertainty. The role of both random and systematic errors is described. The distribution of residuals allowed us to identify possible contaminants in the data set (such as stars). Photometry in the G band was compared to computed values from reference asteroid shapes and to the flux registered at the corresponding epochs by the red and blue photometers (RP and BP). Results. The overall astrometric performance is close to the expectations, with an optimal range of brightness G ∼ 12 - 17. In this range, the typical transit-level accuracy is well below 1 mas. For fainter asteroids, the growing photon noise deteriorates the performance. Asteroids brighter than G ∼ 12 are affected by a lower performance of the processing of their signals. The dramatic improvement brought by Gaia DR2 astrometry of SSOs is demonstrated by comparisons to the archive data and by preliminary tests on the detection of subtle non-gravitational effects. © ESO 2018.
Published: 2018

16. Summary of the contents and survey properties

Author: Brown, A.G.A. Vallenari, A. Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Babusiaux, C. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Biermann, M. Evans, D.W. Eyer, L. Jansen, F. Jordi, C. Klioner, S.A. Lammers, U. Lindegren, L. Luri, X. Mignard, F. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Siddiqui, H.I. Soubiran, C. Van Leeuwen, F. Walton, N.A. Arenou, F. Bastian, U. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M.G. Bakker, J. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. De Angeli, F. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Holl, B. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nienartowicz, K. Panuzzo, P. Portell, J. Riello, M. Seabroke, G.M. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Audard, M. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Burgess, P. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Clementini, G. Clotet, M. Creevey, O. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. Delchambre, L. Dell'Oro, A. Ducourant, C. Fernández-Hernández, J. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. Galluccio, L. García-Torres, M. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Gosset, E. Guy, L.P. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hernández, J. Hestroffer, D. Hodgkin, S.T. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Jordan, S. Korn, A.J. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A.C. Lebzelter, T. Löffler, W. Manteiga, M. Marrese, P.M. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Muinonen, K. Osinde, J. Pancino, E. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P.J. Rimoldini, L. Robin, A.C. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Sozzetti, A. Süveges, M. Torra, J. Van Reeven, W. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aerts, C. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alvarez, R. Alves, J. Anderson, R.I. Andrei, A.H. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Antoja, T. Arcay, B. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balm, P. Barache, C. Barata, C. Barbato, D. Barblan, F. Barklem, P.S. Barrado, D. Barros, M. Barstow, M.A. Bartholomé Muñoz, S. Bassilana, J.-L. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Berihuete, A. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Boeche, C. Bombrun, A. Borrachero, R. Bossini, D. Bouquillon, S. Bourda, G. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Breddels, M.A. Bressan, A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Brugaletta, E. Bucciarelli, B. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A.G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cannizzaro, G. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Charlot, P. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cocozza, G. Costigan, G. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Cuypersy, J. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, P. David, M. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Martino, D. De Souza, R. De Torres, A. Debosscher, J. Del Pozo, E. Delbo, M. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. Di Matteo, P. Diakite, S. Diener, C. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Eriksson, K. Esquej, P. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Figueras, F. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Frézouls, B. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Garabato, D. García-Sedano, F. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavel, A. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Geyer, R. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Glass, F. Gomes, M. Granvik, M. Gueguen, A. Guerrier, A. Guiraud, J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Helmi, A. Heu, J. Hilger, T. Hobbs, D. Hofmann, W. Holland, G. Huckle, H.E. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Janßen, K. De Fombelle, G.J. Jonker, P.G. Juhász, Á.L. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kewley, A. Klar, J. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, M. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Koubsky, P. Lambert, S. Lanza, A.F. Lasne, Y. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Fustec, Y. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. López, M. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchal, O. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marinoni, S. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martino, M. Marton, G. Mary, N. Massari, D. Matijević, G. Mazeh, T. McMillan, P.J. Messina, S. Michalik, D. Millar, N.R. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. O'Mullane, W. Ordénovic, C. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poggio, E. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rambaux, N. Ramos-Lerate, M. Regibo, S. Reylé, C. Riclet, F. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rivard, A. Rixon, G. Roegiers, T. Roelens, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sanna, N. Santana-Ros, T. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Ségransan, D. Shih, I.-C. Siltala, L. Silva, A.F. Smart, R.L. Smith, K.W. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Surdej, J. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Teyssandier, P. Thuillot, W. Titarenko, A. Torra Clotet, F. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Uzzi, S. Vaillant, M. Valentini, G. Valette, V. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Vaschetto, M. Vecchiato, A. Veljanoski, J. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Von Essen, C. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Walmsley, G. Weiler, M. Wertz, O. Wevers, T. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Yoldas, A. Žerjal, M. Ziaeepour, H. Zorec, J. Zschocke, S. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context. We present the second Gaia data release, Gaia DR2, consisting of astrometry, photometry, radial velocities, and information on astrophysical parameters and variability, for sources brighter than magnitude 21. In addition epoch astrometry and photometry are provided for a modest sample of minor planets in the solar system. Aims. A summary of the contents of Gaia DR2 is presented, accompanied by a discussion on the differences with respect to Gaia DR1 and an overview of the main limitations which are still present in the survey. Recommendations are made on the responsible use of Gaia DR2 results. Methods. The raw data collected with the Gaia instruments during the first 22 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into this second data release, which represents a major advance with respect to Gaia DR1 in terms of completeness, performance, and richness of the data products. Results. Gaia DR2 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness in G for approximately 1.7 billion sources. For 1.3 billion of those sources, parallaxes and proper motions are in addition available. The sample of sources for which variability information is provided is expanded to 0.5 million stars. This data release contains four new elements: broad-band colour information in the form of the apparent brightness in the GBP (330-680 nm) and GRP (630-1050 nm) bands is available for 1.4 billion sources; median radial velocities for some 7 million sources are presented; for between 77 and 161 million sources estimates are provided of the stellar effective temperature, extinction, reddening, and radius and luminosity; and for a pre-selected list of 14 000 minor planets in the solar system epoch astrometry and photometry are presented. Finally, Gaia DR2 also represents a new materialisation of the celestial reference frame in the optical, the Gaia-CRF2, which is the first optical reference frame based solely on extragalactic sources. There are notable changes in the photometric system and the catalogue source list with respect to Gaia DR1, and we stress the need to consider the two data releases as independent. Conclusions. Gaia DR2 represents a major achievement for the Gaia mission, delivering on the long standing promise to provide parallaxes and proper motions for over 1 billion stars, and representing a first step in the availability of complementary radial velocity and source astrophysical information for a sample of stars in the Gaia survey which covers a very substantial fraction of the volume of our galaxy. © ESO 2018.
Published: 2018

17. Gaia Data Release 2: The celestial reference frame (Gaia -CRF2)

Author: Mignard, F. Klioner, S.A. Lindegren, L. Hernández, J. Bastian, U. Bombrun, A. Hobbs, D. Lammers, U. Michalik, D. Ramos-Lerate, M. Biermann, M. Fernández-Hernández, J. Geyer, R. Hilger, T. Siddiqui, H.I. Steidelmüller, H. Babusiaux, C. Barache, C. Lambert, S. Andrei, A.H. Bourda, G. Charlot, P. Brown, A.G.A. Vallenari, A. Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Evans, D.W. Eyer, L. Jansen, F. Jordi, C. Luri, X. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Soubiran, C. Van Leeuwen, F. Walton, N.A. Arenou, F. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M.G. Bakker, J. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. De Angeli, F. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Holl, B. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nienartowicz, K. Panuzzo, P. Portell, J. Riello, M. Seabroke, G.M. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Audard, M. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Burgess, P. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Clementini, G. Clotet, M. Creevey, O. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. Delchambre, L. Dell'Oro, A. Ducourant, C. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. Galluccio, L. García-Torres, M. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Gosset, E. Guy, L.P. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hestroffer, D. Hodgkin, S.T. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Jordan, S. Korn, A.J. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A.C. Lebzelter, T. Löffler, W. Manteiga, M. Marrese, P.M. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Muinonen, K. Osinde, J. Pancino, E. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P.J. Rimoldini, L. Robin, A.C. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Sozzetti, A. Süveges, M. Torra, J. Van Reeven, W. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aerts, C. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alvarez, R. Alves, J. Anderson, R.I. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Antoja, T. Arcay, B. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balm, P. Barata, C. Barbato, D. Barblan, F. Barklem, P.S. Barrado, D. Barros, M. Barstow, M.A. Bartholomé Muñoz, S. Bassilana, J.-L. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Berihuete, A. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Boeche, C. Borrachero, R. Bossini, D. Bouquillon, S. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Breddels, M.A. Bressan, A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Brugaletta, E. Bucciarelli, B. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A.G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cannizzaro, G. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cocozza, G. Costigan, G. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Cuypers, J. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, P. David, M. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Souza, R. De Torres, A. Debosscher, J. Del Pozo, E. Delbo, M. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. DIakite, S. DIener, C. DIstefano, E. Dolding, C. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Eriksson, K. Esquej, P. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Figueras, F. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Frézouls, B. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Garabato, D. García-Sedano, F. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavel, A. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Glass, F. Gomes, M. Granvik, M. Gueguen, A. Guerrier, A. Guiraud, J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Helmi, A. Heu, J. Hofmann, W. Holland, G. Huckle, H.E. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Janßen, K. Jevardat De Fombelle, G. Jonker, P.G. Juhász, A.L. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kewley, A. Klar, J. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, M. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Koubsky, P. Lanza, A.F. Lasne, Y. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Fustec, Y. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. López, M. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchal, O. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marinoni, S. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martino, M. Marton, G. Mary, N. Massari, D. Matijevič, G. Mazeh, T. McMillan, P.J. Messina, S. Millar, N.R. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. O'Mullane, W. Ordénovic, C. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poggio, E. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rambaux, N. Regibo, S. Reylé, C. Riclet, F. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rivard, A. Rixon, G. Roegiers, T. Roelens, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sanna, N. Santana-Ros, T. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Ségransan, D. Shih, I.-C. Siltala, L. Silva, A.F. Smart, R.L. Smith, K.W. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Surdej, J. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Teyssandier, P. Thuillot, W. Titarenko, A. Torra Clotet, F. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Uzzi, S. Vaillant, M. Valentini, G. Valette, V. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Vaschetto, M. Vecchiato, A. Veljanoski, J. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Von Essen, C. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Walmsley, G. Weiler, M. Wertz, O. Wevers, T. Wyrzykowski, L. Yoldas, A. Žerjal, M. Ziaeepour, H. Zorec, J. Zschocke, S. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. The second release of Gaia data (Gaia DR2) contains the astrometric parameters for more than half a million quasars. This set defines a kinematically non-rotating reference frame in the optical domain. A subset of these quasars have accurate VLBI positions that allow the axes of the reference frame to be aligned with the International Celestial Reference System (ICRF) radio frame. Aims. We describe the astrometric and photometric properties of the quasars that were selected to represent the celestial reference frame of Gaia DR2 (Gaia-CRF2), and to compare the optical and radio positions for sources with accurate VLBI positions. Methods. Descriptive statistics are used to characterise the overall properties of the quasar sample. Residual rotation and orientation errors and large-scale systematics are quantified by means of expansions in vector spherical harmonics. Positional differences are calculated relative to a prototype version of the forthcoming ICRF3. Results. Gaia-CRF2 consists of the positions of a sample of 556 869 sources in Gaia DR2, obtained from a positional cross-match with the ICRF3-prototype and AllWISE AGN catalogues. The sample constitutes a clean, dense, and homogeneous set of extragalactic point sources in the magnitude range G ≈ 16 to 21 mag with accurately known optical positions. The median positional uncertainty is 0.12 mas for G < 18 mag and 0.5 mas at G = mag. Large-scale systematics are estimated to be in the range 20 to 30 μas. The accuracy claims are supported by the parallaxes and proper motions of the quasars in Gaia DR2. The optical positions for a subset of 2820 sources in common with the ICRF3-prototype show very good overall agreement with the radio positions, but several tens of sources have significantly discrepant positions. Conclusions. Based on less than 40% of the data expected from the nominal Gaia mission, Gaia-CRF2 is the first realisation of a non-rotating global optical reference frame that meets the ICRS prescriptions, meaning that it is built only on extragalactic sources. Its accuracy matches the current radio frame of the ICRF, but the density of sources in all parts of the sky is much higher, except along the Galactic equator. © ESO 2018.
Published: 2018

18. Mapping the milky way disc kinematics

Author: Katz, D. Antoja, T. Romero-Gómez, M. Drimmel, R. Reylé, C. Seabroke, G.M. Soubiran, C. Babusiaux, C. Di Matteo, P. Figueras, F. Poggio, E. Robin, A.C. Evans, D.W. Brown, A.G.A. Vallenari, A. Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Biermann, M. Eyer, L. Jansen, F. Jordi, C. Klioner, S.A. Lammers, U. Lindegren, L. Luri, X. Mignard, F. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Siddiqui, H.I. Van Leeuwen, F. Walton, N.A. Arenou, F. Bastian, U. Cropper, M. Lattanzi, M.G. Bakker, J. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. De Angeli, F. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Holl, B. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nienartowicz, K. Panuzzo, P. Portell, J. Riello, M. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Audard, M. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Burgess, P. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Clementini, G. Clotet, M. Creevey, O. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. Delchambre, L. Dell'Oro, A. Ducourant, C. Fernández-Hernández, J. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. Galluccio, L. García-Torres, M. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Gosset, E. Guy, L.P. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hernández, J. Hestroffer, D. Hodgkin, S.T. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Jordan, S. Korn, A.J. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A.C. Lebzelter, T. Löffler, W. Manteiga, M. Marrese, P.M. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Muinonen, K. Osinde, J. Pancino, E. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P.J. Rimoldini, L. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Sozzetti, A. Süveges, M. Torra, J. Van Reeven, W. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aerts, C. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alvarez, R. Alves, J. Anderson, R.I. Andrei, A.H. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Arcay, B. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balm, P. Barache, C. Barata, C. Barbato, D. Barblan, F. Barklem, P.S. Barrado, D. Barros, M. Barstow, M.A. Bartholomé Muñoz, S. Bassilana, J.-L. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Berihuete, A. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Boeche, C. Bombrun, A. Borrachero, R. Bossini, D. Bouquillon, S. Bourda, G. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Breddels, M.A. Bressan, A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Brugaletta, E. Bucciarelli, B. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A.G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cannizzaro, G. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Charlot, P. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cocozza, G. Costigan, G. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Cuypersy, J. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, P. David, M. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Souza, R. De Torres, A. Debosscher, J. Del Pozo, E. Delbo, M. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. Diakite, S. Diener, C. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Eriksson, K. Esquej, P. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Frézouls, B. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Garabato, D. García-Sedano, F. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavel, A. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Geyer, R. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Glass, F. Gomes, M. Granvik, M. Gueguen, A. Guerrier, A. Guiraud, J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Helmi, A. Heu, J. Hilger, T. Hobbs, D. Hofmann, W. Holland, G. Huckle, H.E. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Janßen, K. De Fombelle, G.J. Jonker, P.G. Juhász, Á.L. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kewley, A. Klar, J. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, M. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Koubsky, P. Lambert, S. Lanza, A.F. Lasne, Y. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Fustec, Y. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. López, M. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchal, O. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marinoni, S. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martino, M. Marton, G. Mary, N. Massari, D. Matijević, G. Mazeh, T. McMillan, P.J. Messina, S. Michalik, D. Millar, N.R. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. O'Mullane, W. Ordénovic, C. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rambaux, N. Ramos-Lerate, M. Regibo, S. Riclet, F. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rivard, A. Rixon, G. Roegiers, T. Roelens, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sanna, N. Santana-Ros, T. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Ségransan, D. Shih, I.-C. Siltala, L. Silva, A.F. Smart, R.L. Smith, K.W. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Surdej, J. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Teyssandier, P. Thuillot, W. Titarenko, A. Torra Clotet, F. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Uzzi, S. Vaillant, M. Valentini, G. Valette, V. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Vaschetto, M. Vecchiato, A. Veljanoski, J. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Von Essen, C. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Walmsley, G. Weiler, M. Wertz, O. Wevers, T. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Yoldas, A. Žerjal, M. Ziaeepour, H. Zorec, J. Zschocke, S. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. The second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) contains high-precision positions, parallaxes, and proper motions for 1.3 billion sources as well as line-of-sight velocities for 7.2 million stars brighter than GRVS = 12 mag. Both samples provide a full sky coverage. Aims. To illustrate the potential of Gaia DR2, we provide a first look at the kinematics of the Milky Way disc, within a radius of several kiloparsecs around the Sun. Methods. We benefit for the first time from a sample of 6.4 million F-G-K stars with full 6D phase-space coordinates, precise parallaxes (σω/ω/≤ 20%), and precise Galactic cylindrical velocities (median uncertainties of 0.9-1.4 km s-1 and 20% of the stars with uncertainties smaller than 1 km s-1 on all three components). From this sample, we extracted a sub-sample of 3.2 million giant stars to map the velocity field of the Galactic disc from ∼5 kpc to ∼13 kpc from the Galactic centre and up to 2 kpc above and below the plane. We also study the distribution of 0.3 million solar neighbourhood stars (r < 200 pc), with median velocity uncertainties of 0.4 km s-1, in velocity space and use the full sample to examine how the over-densities evolve in more distant regions. Results. Gaia DR2 allows us to draw 3D maps of the Galactocentric median velocities and velocity dispersions with unprecedented accuracy, precision, and spatial resolution. The maps show the complexity and richness of the velocity field of the galactic disc. We observe streaming motions in all the components of the velocities as well as patterns in the velocity dispersions. For example, we confirm the previously reported negative and positive galactocentric radial velocity gradients in the inner and outer disc, respectively. Here, we see them as part of a non-axisymmetric kinematic oscillation, and we map its azimuthal and vertical behaviour. We also witness a new global arrangement of stars in the velocity plane of the solar neighbourhood and in distant regions in which stars are organised in thin substructures with the shape of circular arches that are oriented approximately along the horizontal direction in the U - V plane. Moreover, in distant regions, we see variations in the velocity substructures more clearly than ever before, in particular, variations in the velocity of the Hercules stream. Conclusions. Gaia DR2 provides the largest existing full 6D phase-space coordinates catalogue. It also vastly increases the number of available distances and transverse velocities with respect to Gaia DR1. Gaia DR2 offers a great wealth of information on the Milky Way and reveals clear non-axisymmetric kinematic signatures within the Galactic disc, for instance. It is now up to the astronomical community to explore its full potential. © ESO 2018.
Published: 2018

19. The Gaia mission

Author: Prusti, T. De Bruijne, J.H.J. Brown, A.G.A. Vallenari, A. Babusiaux, C. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Bastian, U. Biermann, M. Evans, D.W. Eyer, L. Jansen, F. Jordi, C. Klioner, S.A. Lammers, U. Lindegren, L. Luri, X. Mignard, F. Milligan, D.J. Panem, C. Poinsignon, V. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sarri, G. Sartoretti, P. Siddiqui, H.I. Soubiran, C. Valette, V. Van Leeuwen, F. Walton, N.A. Aerts, C. Arenou, F. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Høg, E. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M.G. O'Mullane, W. Grebel, E.K. Holland, A.D. Huc, C. Passot, X. Bramante, L. Cacciari, C. Castañeda, J. Chaoul, L. Cheek, N. De Angeli, F. Fabricius, C. Guerra, R. Hernández, J. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. Masana, E. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nienartowicz, K. Ordóñez-Blanco, D. Panuzzo, P. Portell, J. Richards, P.J. Riello, M. Seabroke, G.M. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Torra, J. Els, S.G. Gracia-Abril, G. Comoretto, G. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. Lock, T. Mercier, E. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Astraatmadja, T.L. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Clementini, G. Cowell, S. Creevey, O. Cuypers, J. Davidson, M. De Ridder, J. De Torres, A. Delchambre, L. Dell'Oro, A. Ducourant, C. Frémat, Y. García-Torres, M. Gosset, E. Halbwachs, J.-L. Hambly, N.C. Harrison, D.L. Hauser, M. Hestroffer, D. Hodgkin, S.T. Huckle, H.E. Hutton, A. Jasniewicz, G. Jordan, S. Kontizas, M. Korn, A.J. Lanzafame, A.C. Manteiga, M. Moitinho, A. Muinonen, K. Osinde, J. Pancino, E. Pauwels, T. Petit, J.-M. Recio-Blanco, A. Robin, A.C. Sarro, L.M. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Smith, K.W. Sozzetti, A. Thuillot, W. Van Reeven, W. Viala, Y. Abbas, U. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aguado, J.J. Allan, P.M. Allasia, W. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M.A. Alves, J. Anderson, R.I. Andrei, A.H. Anglada Varela, E. Antiche, E. Antoja, T. Antón, S. Arcay, B. Atzei, A. Ayache, L. Bach, N. Baker, S.G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Barache, C. Barata, C. Barbier, A. Barblan, F. Baroni, M. Barrado Y Navascués, D. Barros, M. Barstow, M.A. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Bellei, G. Bello García, A. Belokurov, V. Bendjoya, P. Berihuete, A. Bianchi, L. Bienaymé, O. Billebaud, F. Blagorodnova, N. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Bombrun, A. Borrachero, R. Bouquillon, S. Bourda, G. Bouy, H. Bragaglia, A. Breddels, M.A. Brouillet, N. Brüsemeister, T. Bucciarelli, B. Budnik, F. Burgess, P. Burgon, R. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cambras, J. Campbell, H. Cancelliere, R. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carlucci, T. Carrasco, J.M. Castellani, M. Charlot, P. Charnas, J. Charvet, P. Chassat, F. Chiavassa, A. Clotet, M. Cocozza, G. Collins, R.S. Collins, P. Costigan, G. Crifo, F. Cross, N.J.G. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Dafonte, C. Damerdji, Y. Dapergolas, A. David, P. David, M. De Cat, P. De Felice, F. De Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Martino, D. De Souza, R. Debosscher, J. Del Pozo, E. Delbo, M. Delgado, A. Delgado, H.E. Di Marco, F. Di Matteo, P. Diakite, S. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Dos Anjos, S. Drazinos, P. Durán, J. Dzigan, Y. Ecale, E. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Erdmann, M. Escolar, D. Espina, M. Evans, N.W. Eynard Bontemps, G. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Falcão, A.J. Farràs Casas, M. Faye, F. Federici, L. Fedorets, G. Fernández-Hernández, J. Fernique, P. Fienga, A. Figueras, F. Filippi, F. Findeisen, K. Fonti, A. Fouesneau, M. Fraile, E. Fraser, M. Fuchs, J. Furnell, R. Gai, M. Galleti, S. Galluccio, L. Garabato, D. García-Sedano, F. Garé, P. Garofalo, A. Garralda, N. Gavras, P. Gerssen, J. Geyer, R. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Gomes, M. González-Marcos, A. González-Núñez, J. González-Vidal, J.J. Granvik, M. Guerrier, A. Guillout, P. Guiraud, J. Gúrpide, A. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Guy, L.P. Haigron, R. Hatzidimitriou, D. Haywood, M. Heiter, U. Helmi, A. Hobbs, D. Hofmann, W. Holl, B. Holland, G. Hunt, J.A.S. Hypki, A. Icardi, V. Irwin, M. Jevardat De Fombelle, G. Jofré, P. Jonker, P.G. Jorissen, A. Julbe, F. Karampelas, A. Kochoska, A. Kohley, R. Kolenberg, K. Kontizas, E. Koposov, S.E. Kordopatis, G. Koubsky, P. Kowalczyk, A. Krone-Martins, A. Kudryashova, M. Kull, I. Bachchan, R.K. Lacoste-Seris, F. Lanza, A.F. Lavigne, J.-B. Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. Lebreton, Y. Lebzelter, T. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Lemaitre, V. Lenhardt, H. Leroux, F. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H.E.P. Lister, T.A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. Löffler, W. López, M. Lopez-Lozano, A. Lorenz, D. Loureiro, T. MacDonald, I. Magalhães Fernandes, T. Managau, S. Mann, R.G. Mantelet, G. Marchal, O. Marchant, J.M. Marconi, M. Marie, J. Marinoni, S. Marrese, P.M. Marschalkó, G. Marshall, D.J. Martín-Fleitas, J.M. Martino, M. Mary, N. Matijevič, G. Mazeh, T. McMillan, P.J. Messina, S. Mestre, A. Michalik, D. Millar, N.R. Miranda, B.M.H. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molinaro, M. Molnár, L. Moniez, M. Montegriffo, P. Monteiro, D. Mor, R. Mora, A. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morgenthaler, S. Morley, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A.F. Muraveva, T. Musella, I. Narbonne, J. Nelemans, G. Nicastro, L. Noval, L. Ordénovic, C. Ordieres-Meré, J. Osborne, P. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Pailler, F. Palacin, H. Palaversa, L. Parsons, P. Paulsen, T. Pecoraro, M. Pedrosa, R. Pentikäinen, H. Pereira, J. Pichon, B. Piersimoni, A.M. Pineau, F.-X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Ragaini, S. Rago, S. Rambaux, N. Ramos-Lerate, M. Ranalli, P. Rauw, G. Read, A. Regibo, S. Renk, F. Reylé, C. Ribeiro, R.A. Rimoldini, L. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rixon, G. Roelens, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Rudolph, A. Ruiz-Dern, L. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, T. Sahlmann, J. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Sarasso, M. Savietto, H. Schnorhk, A. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J.C. Segransan, D. Serpell, E. Shih, I.-C. Smareglia, R. Smart, R.L. Smith, C. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Sordo, R. Soria Nieto, S. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Stampa, U. Steele, I.A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C.A. Stoev, H. Suess, F.F. Süveges, M. Surdej, J. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Tapiador, D. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M.B. Teixeira, R. Terrett, D. Tingley, B. Trager, S.C. Turon, C. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. Valentini, G. Van Elteren, A. Van Hemelryck, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Varadi, M. Vecchiato, A. Veljanoski, J. Via, T. Vicente, D. Vogt, S. Voss, H. Votruba, V. Voutsinas, S. Walmsley, G. Weiler, M. Weingrill, K. Werner, D. Wevers, T. Whitehead, G. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Yoldas, A. Žerjal, M. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T. Alecu, A. Allen, M. Allende Prieto, C. Amorim, A. Anglada-Escudé, G. Arsenijevic, V. Azaz, S. Balm, P. Beck, M. Bernstein, H.-H. Bigot, L. Bijaoui, A. Blasco, C. Bonfigli, M. Bono, G. Boudreault, S. Bressan, A. Brown, S. Brunet, P.-M. Bunclark, P. Buonanno, R. Butkevich, A.G. Carret, C. Carrion, C. Chemin, L. Chéreau, F. Corcione, L. Darmigny, E. De Boer, K.S. De Teodoro, P. De Zeeuw, P.T. Delle Luche, C. Domingues, C.D. Dubath, P. Fodor, F. Frézouls, B. Fries, A. Fustes, D. Fyfe, D. Gallardo, E. Gallegos, J. Gardiol, D. Gebran, M. Gomboc, A. Gómez, A. Grux, E. Gueguen, A. Heyrovsky, A. Hoar, J. Iannicola, G. Isasi Parache, Y. Janotto, A.-M. Joliet, E. Jonckheere, A. Keil, R. Kim, D.-W. Klagyivik, P. Klar, J. Knude, J. Kochukhov, O. Kolka, I. Kos, J. Kutka, A. Lainey, V. Lebouquin, D. Liu, C. Loreggia, D. Makarov, V.V. Marseille, M.G. Martayan, C. Martinez-Rubi, O. Massart, B. Meynadier, F. Mignot, S. Munari, U. Nguyen, A.-T. Nordlander, T. Ocvirk, P. O'Flaherty, K.S. Olias Sanz, A. Ortiz, P. Osorio, J. Oszkiewicz, D. Ouzounis, A. Palmer, M. Park, P. Pasquato, E. Peltzer, C. Peralta, J. Péturaud, F. Pieniluoma, T. Pigozzi, E. Poels, J. Prat, G. Prod'homme, T. Raison, F. Rebordao, J.M. Risquez, D. Rocca-Volmerange, B. Rosen, S. Ruiz-Fuertes, M.I. Russo, F. Sembay, S. Serraller Vizcaino, I. Short, A. Siebert, A. Silva, H. Sinachopoulos, D. Slezak, E. Soffel, M. Sosnowska, D. Straižys, V. Ter Linden, M. Terrell, D. Theil, S. Tiede, C. Troisi, L. Tsalmantza, P. Tur, D. Vaccari, M. Vachier, F. Valles, P. Van Hamme, W. Veltz, L. Virtanen, J. Wallut, J.-M. Wichmann, R. Wilkinson, M.I. Ziaeepour, H. Zschocke, S.
Subjects: instruments [space vehicles], proper motions, parallaxes, astrometry, telescopes, structure [Galaxy]
Abstract: Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to a direct-imaging approach. Both the spacecraft and the payload were built by European industry. The involvement of the scientific community focusses on data processing for which the international Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) was selected in 2007. Gaia was launched on 19 December 2013 and arrived at its operating point, the second Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, a few weeks later. The commissioning of the spacecraft and payload was completed on 19 July 2014. The nominal five-year mission started with four weeks of special, ecliptic-pole scanning and subsequently transferred into full-sky scanning mode. We recall the scientific goals of Gaia and give a description of the as-built spacecraft that is currently (mid-2016) being operated to achieve these goals. We pay special attention to the payload module, the performance of which is closely related to the scientific performance of the mission. We provide a summary of the commissioning activities and findings, followed by a description of the routine operational mode. We summarise scientific performance estimates on the basis of in-orbit operations. Several intermediate Gaia data releases are planned and the data can be retrieved from the Gaia Archive, which is available through the Gaia home page.http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia
Published: 2016

20. Conceptual Chemical Process Design for Sustainability

Author: R.L. Smith
Subjects: Chemical process, Pollutant, Conceptual design, Sustainability, Sustainable design, Environmental science, Biosphere, Process design, Environmental planning, Potential toxicity
Abstract: This chapter examines the sustainable design of chemical processes, with a focus on conceptual design, hierarchical and short-cut methods, and analyses of process sustainability for alternatives. The chapter describes a methodology for incorporating process sustainability analyses throughout the conceptual design. Hierarchical and short-cut decision-making methods will be used to approach sustainability. An example showing a sustainability-based evaluation of chlor-alkali production processes is presented with economic analysis and five pollutants described as emissions. These emissions are analyzed according to their human toxicity potential by ingestion using the Waste Reduction Algorithm and a method based on US Environmental Protection Agency reference doses, with the addition of biodegradation for suitable components. Among the emissions, mercury as an element will not biodegrade, and results show the importance of this pollutant to the potential toxicity results and therefore the sustainability of the process design. The dominance of mercury in determining the long-term toxicity results when energy use is included suggests that all process system evaluations should (re)consider the role of mercury and other non-/slow-degrading pollutants in sustainability analyses. The cycling of nondegrading pollutants through the biosphere suggests the need for a complete analysis based on the economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability.
Published: 2016

21. Prediction of glycosaminoglycan content in human cartilage by age, T1ρ and T2 MRI

Author: Scott L. Delp, Jarrett Rosenberg, Thor F. Besier, E. Han, R.L. Smith, John M. Pauly, Garry E. Gold, Gary S. Beaupre, and Kathryn E. Keenan
Subjects: Adult, Cartilage, Articular, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Engineering, Osteoarthritis, Article, T1ρ MRI, Glycosaminoglycan, Young Adult, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Rheumatology, Predictive Value of Tests, Cadaver, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Aged, Glycosaminoglycans, Aged, 80 and over, Chemistry, Human cartilage, Cartilage, Age Factors, Patella, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Bovine Cartilage, medicine.anatomical_structure, T2 MRI, T2 relaxation, Content (measure theory), T1ρ relaxation, Female
Abstract: Summary Objective A relationship between T1ρ relaxation time and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content has been demonstrated in chemically degraded bovine cartilage, but has not been demonstrated with quantitative biochemistry in human cartilage. A relationship has also been established between T2 relaxation time in cartilage and osteoarthritis (OA) severity. We hypothesized that T1ρ relaxation time would be associated with GAG content in human cartilage with normal T2 relaxation times. Methods T2 relaxation time, T1ρ relaxation time, and glycosaminoglycan as a percentage of wet weight (sGAG) were measured for top and bottom regions at 7 anatomical locations in 21 human cadaver patellae. For our analysis, T2 relaxation time was classified as normal or elevated based on a threshold defined by the mean plus one standard deviation of the T2 relaxation time for all samples. Results In the normal T2 relaxation time subset, T1ρ relaxation time correlated with sGAG content in the full-thickness and bottom regions, but only marginally in the top region alone. sGAG content decreased significantly with age in all regions. Conclusion In the subset of cartilage specimens with normal T2 relaxation time, T1ρ relaxation time was inversely associated with sGAG content, as hypothesized. A predictive model, which accounts for T2 relaxation time and the effects of age, might be able to determine longitudinal trends in GAG content in the same person based on T1ρ relaxation time maps.
Published: 2011
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22. Rhodospirillum rubrum: utilization of condensed corn solubles for poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production

Author: William R. Gibbons, R.L. Smith, and Thomas P. West
Subjects: Light, Polyesters, engineering.material, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tryptic soy broth, Industrial Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bioreactors, Bioreactor, Ethanol fuel, Microaerophile, Food science, biology, General Medicine, Industrial microbiology, biology.organism_classification, Culture Media, Oxygen, Chemically defined medium, chemistry, Biochemistry, engineering, Biopolymer, Biotechnology
Abstract: Aims: This study sought to develop a less expensive medium for growth of the polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum from the ethanol production coproduct, condensed corn solubles (CCS). Methods and Results: Small-scale trials using R. rubrum were performed in aerated or anaerobic stoppered serum bottles filled with media. The CCS (240 g l−1) achieved a maximum cell density and growth rate comparable with the defined supplemented malate-ammonium medium (mSMN) or tryptic soy broth. Microaerophilic solubles medium cultures exhibited significantly higher maximum cell densities and growth rates than did strictly anaerobic cultures; while illumination, nickel or biotin addition had no effect. Growth of R. rubrum in a pH controlled bioreactor was significantly better in CCS (240 g l−1) than in mSMN medium and supported production of 0·36% (cell dry weight) poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-hydroxyvalerate) after 24 h. Conclusions: A CCS medium was devised that supported R. rubrum growth for biopolymer production as effective as the defined medium. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrates that a more economical medium can be developed for biopolymer production using a low value coproduct from ethanol production. The impact is that this inexpensive solubles medium may make it more economical to produce the biopolymer on a commercial scale.
Published: 2008

23. The Hall of Electrical History [History]

Author: R.L. Smith and C.G. Hunter
Subjects: Engineering, Control and Systems Engineering, business.industry, Reprint, Electrical engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Art history, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Promotion marketing, Electrical engineering technology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract: More than 1 million photographs dating back to the Edison era (1872-1892) plus the entire instruction book and technical reprint files of the former General Electric Company's (GE) Advertising and Sales Promotion (A&SP) operation form the core of the Schenectady Museum, Hall of Electrical History (HOEH). In addition, the Schenectady Museum HOEH collection includes the papers of many prominent electrical pioneers, files of present as well as previous electrical periodicals, books, artifacts, movies, videos, and calendar art (Figure 1). On the basis of this material, the HOEH has published several books on the history of electrical technology and GE. But the story of how the HOEH came to be is a fascinating tale of fortuitous coincidence combined with the hard work of many dedicated volunteers.
Published: 2008

24. Cross-Polarization Modulation: Theory and Measurement in Subcarrier-Modulated WDM Systems

Author: Sheryl L. Woodward, M.R. Phillips, and R.L. Smith
Subjects: Physics, Kerr effect, business.industry, Optical communication, Physics::Optics, Nonlinear optics, Polarization (waves), Multiplexing, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Subcarrier, Optics, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture, business, Phase modulation, Computer Science::Information Theory
Abstract: Through cross-polarization modulation, a consequence of the nonlinear refractive index, the polarization state of a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) channel is modified by the power in other channels of the WDM system. The authors use a simple model to predict the time-averaged and time-varying parts of the polarization state for subcarrier-modulated optical channels and compare it to direct measurement of the time-varying state of polarization in a two- and three-channel WDM system. This model incorporates walk off of the channels due to group-velocity dispersion
Published: 2006

25. Adaptive inventory control models for supply chain management

Author: Chang Ouk Kim, Yeong-Dae Kim, Jin Jun, J.K. Baek, and R.L. Smith
Subjects: Inventory control, Supply chain management, Operations research, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Supply chain, Service management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Computer Science Applications, Control and Systems Engineering, Service level, Inventory theory, Reinforcement learning, Industrial and production engineering, Software, Simulation, Lead time
Abstract: Uncertainties inherent in customer demands make it difficult for supply chains to achieve just-in-time inventory replenishment, resulting in loosing sales opportunities or keeping excessive chain-wide inventories. In this paper, we propose two adaptive inventory-control models for a supply chain consisting of one supplier and multiple retailers. The one is a centralized model and the other is a decentralized model. The objective of the two models is to satisfy a target service level predefined for each retailer. The inventory-control parameters of the supplier and retailers are safety lead time and safety stocks, respectively. Unlike most extant inventory-control approaches, modelling the uncertainty of customer demand as a statistical distribution is not a prerequisite in the two models. Instead, using a reinforcement learning technique called action-value method, the control parameters are designed to adaptively change as customer-demand patterns changes. A simulation-based experiment was performed to compare the performance of the two inventory-control models.
Published: 2004

26. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME NOVEL AROMATIC OILS FROM THE AUSTRALIAN FLORA

Author: I.A. Southwell, R.L. Smith, and M.F. Russell
Subjects: Flora, Botany, Horticulture, Biology, Chemical composition
Published: 2003

27. FATIGUE AND PROOF TESTING OF AN AIRCRAFT AUXILIARY FUEL TANK

Author: Dwayne Arola, T. Farquhar, S. Bhonsale, D. Sullivan, and R.L. Smith
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Fuel tank, Proof test, Aircraft fuel system, business, Automotive engineering, Marine engineering
Published: 2002

28. An evaluation of the clinical performance of newly qualified nurses: a competency based assessment

Author: R.L. Smith, David Voegeli, P. Walton, S.E. O'Connor, and J. Pearce
Subjects: business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Fitness for purpose, education, Newly qualified, Clinical performance, MEDLINE, Education, Nursing, Feeling, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Job performance, Preceptorship, Humans, Medicine, Nursing Care, Clinical Competence, business, Competence (human resources), General Nursing, Anecdotal evidence, media_common
Abstract: The clinical performance of newly qualified staff nurses, or their 'fitness for purpose' has become a central professional and corporate issue and highlighted as a central causes for the reforms recommended by the Peach report (Peach 1999). However the ability to gauge the performance of newly qualified nurses remains a largely subjective exercise relying upon anecdotal evidence or general statements of newly qualified nurses' feelings of inadequacy on qualification. This article seeks to address this issue by reporting the findings of project that sought to compare the expectations of senior nurses regarding the level of competence of newly qualified nurses with that of the actual level of competency as assessed by the preceptors after 8 weeks in post. Using a specifically designed instrument to assess clinical competency a comparison has been made between 139 senior nurses' expectations of the competency of newly qualified nurses and the actual competence as assessed by preceptors of 36 newly qualified nurses after 8 weeks in post. The findings indicate that the senior nurses have clear subjective expectations of the competence level of newly qualified nurses. However these expectations are consistently lower than the actual level of competency demonstrated by the newly qualified nurses as assessed by their preceptors. This research demonstrates that through the use of a validated tool newly qualified nurses consistently perform at a higher level of competency than that expected by senior nurses. The ability to estimate competency levels by objective means should be developed. Further research is needed involving a larger sample of Trusts and Schools of Nursing to replicate the results of this study and to compare methods of the assessment of performance in terms of competency in practice on qualification. It is through developments based upon research such as this that a systematic evaluation of the contribution of Schools of Nursing to the competence of newly qualified nurses can be addressed.
Published: 2001

29. Characterization of the dispersion process for NiFe 2 O 4 nanocrystals in a silica matrix with infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance

Author: Li Liping, Li Guangshe, H. Inomata, and R.L. Smith
Subjects: Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry, Ion, Amorphous solid, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Nanocrystal, law, Single domain, Dispersion (chemistry), Electron paramagnetic resonance, Spectroscopy, Superparamagnetism
Abstract: The structural development of the NiFe 2 O 4 nanocrystals dispersed in a silica matrix was followed by IR and EPR spectroscopies of the dried gel 10NiO–10Fe 2 O 3 –90SiO 2 after heat treatment. The dried gel obtained at 200°C was amorphous, in which Fe 3+ and Ni 2+ ions were distributed in the pores of silica matrix. When the dried gel was heat treated at 400°C, NiFe 2 O 4 clusters were partially formed, showing an enhanced interaction with the silica matrix. NiFe 2 O 4 clusters were completely formed in silica matrix when the heat treatment was increased to 600°C, at which the interactions between the clusters and silica matrix reached a maximum. The formation reaction of NiFe 2 O 4 clusters was accompanied by a rearrangement of the silica matrix network. Further increase of the heat treatment temperature to 800°C led to superparamagnetic single domain NiFe 2 O 4 nanocrystals (ca. 4 nm) dispersed in the silica matrix with the elimination of the interactions between magnetic nanocrystals and silica matrix.
Published: 2001

30. Monitoring the quality of pre-registration education: development, validation and piloting of competency based performance indicators for newly qualified nurses

Author: J. Pearce, D. Vogeli, R.L. Smith, P. Walton, and S.E. O'Connor
Subjects: Delphi Technique, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Newly qualified, Delphi method, MEDLINE, Reproducibility of Results, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Pilot Projects, Audit, Education, Nursing Education Research, Nursing, Health care, Humans, Medicine, Quality (business), Clinical Competence, Performance indicator, business, General Nursing, Pre-Registration, Program Evaluation, Quality Indicators, Health Care, media_common
Abstract: The clinical competence or 'fitness for purpose' of newly qualified nurses continues to be an important professional and corporate issue that as yet has no objective means of assessment. A mixed group of managers, clinicians and educationalists was commissioned to develop a method for the measurement and evaluation of performance during the first year of employment of newly qualified nurses. Two instruments were developed and the results of the initial pilot study are demonstrated in this article. The results are preceded by a review of the relevant literature. The initial pilot study results indicate that in the case of both instruments the tests designed do give clear results on the small numbers used. A complete picture of the validity of the audit tool will not be seen until the results of the full validation study, including the above exercise, are known. However, the results to date indicate that the instruments have the potential to demonstrate the clinical competency of newly qualified staff on employment in their first post and their development over the first year of employment.
Published: 1999

31. Control batteries: power system life savers

Author: Jr. R.L. Smith
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Battery (vacuum tube), Passive sign convention, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Battery charger, Electric power system, Stand-alone power system, Hardware_GENERAL, Control and Systems Engineering, AC adapter, ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, Automotive battery, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Power-system protection
Abstract: If protective devices and relays represent the /spl Gt/OPEN "nerves" of a medium- or high-voltage electric power system, the DC control battery distribution system represents the system's "bloodstream." The battery distribution system delivers energy the battery provides to the control circuits of AC circuit breakers and other electrically operated interrupting equipment (the "muscle" of the electric power system), allowing operation. The battery is the DC power distribution system's "heart." Reliable control battery systems assure proper functioning of well designed, installed, and maintained power systems. Battery system failure jeopardizes a power system by eliminating the DC control power source for AC system circuit breakers and protective devices. Failure to protect DC system components also could result in disastrous consequences for the battery system itself. The author discusses battery faults, battery protection, and battery maintenance. Battery charger faults and protection are also briefly mentioned, as are load protection, and DC system protection. >
Published: 1995

32. Gap Junctions between Mast Cells and Fibroblasts in the Developing Avian Eye

Author: Sonia Maria Oliani, R.L. Smith, and A.P. Girol
Subjects: Histology, Gap junction, Gap Junctions, Volutin granules, Chick Embryo, Fibroblasts, Biology, Eye, Mast cell, Cell junction, Cell biology, Microscopy, Electron, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Eye development, Ultrastructure, Animals, Mast Cells, Anatomy, Iris (anatomy), Fibroblast
Abstract: Mast cells are present in the eye of chick embryos from the 14th day onward, displaying metachromatic granules, mainly in the iris anterior surface and pectinate ligament. Ultrastructurally these cells show electron-dense granules and a few thin and short cytoplasmic projections in close contact with fibroblasts. Sometimes these contacts are extensive, with long fibroblast projections partially involving the mast cells. Gap junctions between mast cells and fibroblasts are observed only in the eyes of 16- and 20-day-old embryos. These intercellular specializations are represented by a close apposition of cytoplasmic membranes with an extension up to 300 nm. Gap junctions between mast cells and fibroblasts were not observed previously in vivo or in vitro, although in vitro studies have shown that a number of functionally critical interactions may occur between these cells. Our morphological findings suggest that, in vivo, fibroblasts interact with mast cells and may influence their maturation.
Published: 1995

33. A statistical survey of melanomas of the foot

Author: Petr Z. Slutskiy, Gene K. Potter, Robert Katz, Steven J. Berlin, Robert R.L. Smith, and Richard G. Pfau
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, Multivariate analysis, Maryland, business.industry, Biopsy, Dermatology, Middle Aged, Surgery, Foot Diseases, Multivariate Analysis, Epidemiology, Humans, Medicine, Female, Histopathology, business, Melanoma, Statistical survey, Foot (unit), Aged, Skin
Published: 1993

34. The Nova Upgrade Facility

Author: Howard T. Powell, E. Storm, W. H. Lowdermilk, E. M. Campbell, R.L. Smith, John H. Campbell, M. T. Tobin, J. T. Hunt, John R. Murray, and John B. Trenholme
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Plasma confinement, Nova (laser), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Ignition system, Development plan, Optics, Upgrade, law, Systems engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Baseline (configuration management), Inertial confinement fusion, Laser beams
Abstract: The Nova Upgrade Facility is being designed to achieve inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition and gain. A baseline design of the laser and experimental facilities has been completed, and a development plan, which includes a fully integrated laser demonstration, has been formulated. With adequate funding, the activities in this plan could be completed by late 1993. Construction of the Nova Upgrade beginning at that time would make possible the achievement of ICF ignition before the end of the decade.
Published: 1993

35. Application of an inhibitor in vitro method for estimating rumen degradation of feed protein

Author: R.L. Smith, W.A. Forbes, and S.A. Neutze
Subjects: Rumen, Meal, Chaff, Animal science, Casein, Botany, Hay, food and beverages, Animal Science and Zoology, Protein degradation, Biology, Cottonseed meal, Sunflower
Abstract: A modified inhibitor in vitro method was used to estimate the rate and extent of protein degradation in the rumen for casein, formaldehyde-casein, soyabean meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, sunflower meal, formaldehyde-sunflower meal, coconut cakes, lupin, oat and barley grains, lucerne (fresh and chaff), meadow hay, white and subterranean clovers. Degraded protein was determined by non-trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen instead of the sum of alpha-amino nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen (as in the original method). Increasing the proportion of lucerne chaff in the lucerne chaff/oat grain diet of the donor sheep increased, within feeds, estimates of degradation rate ( k d ) and percentage degraded at a fractional outflow rate from the rumen ( k r ) of 0.05 h −1 . Degradation rate was markedly decreased when fresh lucerne was oven-dried at 100 °C, compared with the same material either (1) snap-frozen then freeze-dried or (2) oven-dried at lower temperature. Using nine feeds, a comparison was made between results from the in vitro and an in situ method. There were significant differences in estimates of several degradation parameters. Mean in situ estimates of k d and percentage degraded at k r = 0.05 h −1 were 79% and 94%, respectively, of in vitro estimates. Mean coefficients of variation for all parameters tended to be higher for the in situ method. In the absence of an absolute method for determining protein degradation, it is not possible to determine which of the two methods is more accurate. The limited incubation time precludes the use of the in vitro method for very slowly degraded feeds. However, this method is able to identify (1) significant differences between samples of the same feed type, (2) substantial effects of basal diet on degradation, and (3) heat damage to feed protein.
Published: 1993

36. Microstrip patch designs that do not excite surface waves

Author: Stuart A. Long, David R. Jackson, A.K. Bhattacharyya, R.L. Smith, S.J. Buchheit, and Jeffery T. Williams
Subjects: Diffraction, Physics, Microstrip antenna, Optics, Surface wave, business.industry, Field strength, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Antenna (radio), business, Microstrip, Antenna efficiency, Radiation pattern
Abstract: Two variations of a circular microstrip patch design are presented which excite very little surface wave power. Both of the designs are based on the principle that a ring of magnetic current in a substrate (which models the patches) will not excite the dominant TM/sub 0/ surface wave if the radius of the ring is a particular critical value. Numerical results for radiation efficiency and radiated field strength from a ring of magnetic current are shown to verify this basic design principle. The proposed patch designs are chosen to have a radius equal to this critical value, while maintaining resonance at the design frequency. The designs excite very little surface-wave power, and thus have smoother radiation patterns when mounted on finite-size ground planes, due to reduced surface-wave diffraction. They also have reduced mutual coupling, due to the reduced surface-wave excitation. Measured results for radiation patterns and field strength within the substrate are presented to verify the theoretical concepts. >
Published: 1993

37. Use of unbiased MR sensors in a rigid disk file

Author: R.L. Smith
Subjects: Physics, Magnetoresistance, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Word error rate, Byte, Fundamental frequency, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Intersymbol interference, Amplitude, Quadratic equation, Optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: Unbiased magnetoresistive heads for magnetic recording have been fabricated and shown to operate at better than 10/sup -8/ byte error rate with a modified peak detection channel at low linear density to prevent intersymbol interference. The heads produce unipolar signals from their quadratic transfer curves. Theoretical comparison of the unbiased and biased designs shows that (1) intersymbol interference reduces the unbiased sensor amplitude more than that of the biased sensor, but produces the same amount of peak shift in both, (2) linear equalization cannot remove intersymbol interference for the unbiased head, (3) the unbiased head signal has higher bandwidth because it both doubles the fundamental frequency and has sharper peaks, (4) the unbiased head has improved tolerance to amplitude errors and similar tolerance to peak shift errors caused by crosstalk from adjacent tracks, and (5) the total disk moment to total sensor moment must be three times greater for the unbiased head to have the same amplitude as the biased head for a given read gap dimension. >
Published: 1991

38. Modelling the relationship between visual short-term memory capacity and recall ability

Author: Fernand Gobet, R.L. Smith, and Peter C. R. Lane
Subjects: CHREST, Recall, business.industry, Cognitive modelling, STM, Dominant factor, Short-term memory, Cognition, Cognitive architecture, Chunk, Ageing, Age, EPAM, Visual short-term memory, Artificial intelligence, Psychology, Set (psychology), business, Charness, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Previous cognitive modelling work has suggested that the decline of short-term memory (STM) capacity is the dominant factor of age-related decline on recall ability. We report the results of a set of experiments investigating in further detail the effect of varying short-term memory capacity on the recall of chess positions using the CHREST cognitive architecture, and demonstrate a good qualitative match for human data. We then use these results to suggest a potential functional reason for the size of STM capacity in humans and go on to explore the relationships between STM capacity, ageing, knowledge, presentation time, and recall ability.
Published: 2008

39. Overview of a Newly Developed Hub and Spoke Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Inter-Hospital Transport Program

Author: W. Anonetapipat, Alexis E. Shafii, E. Stockard, M. Duncan, Themistokles Chamogeorgakis, Hannaford, J.C. Mac, Omar Hernandez, Brian Lima, R.L. Smith, G.V. Gonzalez-Stawinski, Shelley A. Hall, J.A. Manos, and S.M. Noesges
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Emergency medicine, medicine, Spoke-hub distribution paradigm, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2015

40. The parturient with coronary heart disease

Author: I.A. Greer, S.J. Young, and R.L. Smith
Subjects: Adult, Anesthesia, Epidural, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Coronary Disease, Disease, Anesthesia, General, Anesthesia, Spinal, Risk Assessment, Pregnancy, medicine, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Humans, Caesarean section, General anaesthesia, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Unstable angina, Cesarean Section, Parturition, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, Clopidogrel, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Echocardiography, Anesthesia, Emergency medicine, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Cardiac disease is one of the leading indirect causes of maternal mortality in the UK, exceeding numbers of direct deaths from thromboembolism and hypertension combined. Over one year in our unit we managed six women with coronary heart disease. In this series five women had stable coronary heart disease. Three delivered electively by caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia, a further two women had spontaneous vaginal deliveries, one planned under epidural analgesia, the second unplanned after a rapid labour. The sixth woman had unstable angina requiring percutaneous coronary intervention in the 28th week of pregnancy and went on to deliver by caesarean section under general anaesthesia. Regional anaesthesia was avoided in this case because of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication. There is a lack of level-one evidence to direct the management of these women. Clinical decisions were directed by guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with cardiac disease in non-cardiac surgery and the management of all cardiac disease in the obstetric population. A multi-disciplinary approach was taken, with a collaborative plan made for each pregnancy and delivery. A thorough clinical history and examination together with transthoracic echocardiography allows risk stratification of women with coronary heart disease at risk of peripartum cardiac events. Further investigation specific to each woman's management can then be undertaken.
Published: 2006

41. Cross-polarization modulation: theory and experiment multiple-wavelength system

Author: M.R. Phillips, R.L. Smith, and Sheryl L. Woodward
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Cross-phase modulation, Physics::Optics, Nonlinear optics, Optical polarization, Polarization (waves), Wavelength, Optics, Wavelength-division multiplexing, business, Refractive index, Computer Science::Information Theory, Communication channel
Abstract: The time-varying state of polarization of an optical channel modified by the intensity of other channels in a three-channel WDM system is measured. It compares well with theory expanded from a previously published two-channel model.
Published: 2006

42. A standard format for power system studies. II. Reliability, harmonic and stability studies for industrial power systems

Author: R.L. Smith, R.G. Irvine, P.E. Sutherland, and J.C. Das
Subjects: Electric power system, Power rating, Switched-mode power supply, Computer science, Harmonics, Power module, Power-flow study, Power factor, Power engineering, Reliability engineering
Published: 2005

43. Galileo Spacecraft Power Management and Distribution System

Author: R.C. Detwiler and R.L. Smith
Subjects: Power management, Engineering, Interplanetary mission, Spacecraft, business.industry, Jupiter (rocket family), Electrical engineering, Gravity assist, Aerospace engineering, Galileo (vibration training), Propulsion, business, Fault (power engineering)
Abstract: It has been twelve years since two Yoyager spacecraft began the direct route to the outer planets. In October 1989 a single Galileo spacecraft started the return to Jupiter. Conceived as a simple Voyager look-alike Galileo Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) system has undergone many iterations in configuration. Major changes to the PMAD resulted from dual spun slip ring limitations, variations in launch vehicle thrust capabilities, and launch delays. Lack of an adequate launch vehicle for an interplanetary mission of Galileo's size has resulted in an extremely long flight duration. A Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist (VEEGA) tour, vital to attain the required energy, results in a 6 year trip to Jupiter and its moons. The spacecraft is powered by two General Purpose Heat Source-Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (GPHS-RTG). Power bus regulation is provided by a shunt regulator. Galileo PMAD frugally distributes a 570 W Beginning of Mission (BOM) power source to a user compliment of some 137 load elements. Extensive use of pyrotechnics requires two pyro switching subassemblies. They initiate 148 squibs which operate the 47 pyro devices on the spacecraft. Detection and correction of faults in the Galileo PMAD is an autonomous feature dictated by requirements for long life and reliability in the absence of ground-based support. Volatile computer memories in the spacecraft Command and Data System (CDS) and Attitude Control System (ACS) require a continuous source of backup power during all anticipated power bus fault scenarios. Power for the Jupiter Probe is conditioned, isolated, and controlled by a probe interface sub-assembly. This paper provides a description of the Galileo PMAD and design drivers that established the final hardware.
Published: 2005

44. PROPEL: an approach supporting property elucidation

Author: R.L. Smith, G.S. Avrunin, L.A. Clarke, and L.J. Osterweil
Published: 2003

45. CPRF/ZTH front-end torus design and fabrication status

Author: R.L. Smith, P.P. Prince, E.O. Ballard, T. Gomez, and C. Baker
Subjects: Materials science, Toroid, Reversed field pinch, business.industry, Electrical equipment, Shell (structure), Mechanical engineering, Tube (fluid conveyance), Torus, Structural engineering, business, Electrical conductor, Pressure vessel
Abstract: Design of the ZTH front-end torus has been completed for a reversed-field-pinch (RFP) machine to be assembled at Los Alamos National Laboratory during FY 92. The Confinement Physics Research Facility (CPRF) houses the ZTH front-end torus. The ZTH torus consists of an Inconel 625 vacuum vessel supported by an external electrically conducting 304L stainless steel shell. Interspace support rings support the vacuum vessel to the shell and also provide accurate radial support for the interspace electrical diagnostics. The shell also supports 48 toroidal-field coils that are mounted to the shell's external surface. The shell consists of an explosion-bonded stainless steel-copper composite with water-cooling tube assemblies attached to the outer surface. The 0.135-in-thick copper is on the inside surface of the shell and provides an electrically conducting path with the required electrical time constant of 50 ms. The shell plate will be formed to the required toroidal configuration, after which the poloidal and toroidal flanges will be welded to the structure and machined. >
Published: 2003

46. A twin-interferometer fiber-optic readout for diaphragm pressure transducers

Author: R.L. Smith, J.E. Goldsberry, Stephen D. Senturia, Joseph H. Haritonidis, and A.M. Young
Subjects: Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Photodetector, Pressure sensor, law.invention, Reference plane, Interferometry, Transducer, Optics, law, Deflection (engineering), Astronomical interferometer, business
Abstract: A twin-interferometer fiber-optic readout scheme has been developed to monitor the deflection of pressure transducer diaphragms. This technique has a potential advantage at high temperatures, since the circuitry is kept at room temperature and is coupled to the sensor head via optical fibers. The interference scheme used differs from conventional interferometry in that: light is carried forward to the diaphragm and backwards to the photodetectors using a single fiber; and the cleaved fiber end-face itself acts as the reference plane for the interference cavity. A single interferometer cannot uniquely determine the direction of motion, but two such interferometers in parallel, i.e. the twin-interferometer, do provide the necessary information to measure both the magnitude and direction of deflection. Prototype sensor assemblies and detection circuitry have been developed and tested in an industrial setting. Limiting factors on sensor performance have been identified. This technique should also be applicable to other mechanical sensors in which deflections must be monitored. >
Published: 2003

47. Impedance spectroscopy as a technique for monitoring aging effects in nickel hydrogen and nickel-metal hydride batteries

Author: A.V. Bray, R.L. Smith, and D.K. Coates
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Materials science, Hydride, Population, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Dielectric spectroscopy, Electrochemical cell, Nickel, chemistry, Charge carrier, Spectroscopy, education, Electrical impedance
Abstract: Impedance spectroscopy is evaluated as a method for the early detection of aging effects in electrochemical cells. AC impedance and phase measurements were made on about 85 cells in various stages of life testing. Spectral data from 3 mHz to 30 kHz were acquired on fully discharged cells. Impedance spectroscopy provided an effective means of detecting age diversity present in the test population. This could be seen in the data at very low frequencies, below 1 Hz. This is the so called Warburg region where the availability of charge carriers is diffusion controlled. Both raw impedance data and Argand diagrams, in which reactance is plotted as a function of resistance, represent useful graphical outputs. >
Published: 2003

48. Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus

Author: Helen M. Haupt, Robert R.L. Smith, and Jere B. Stern
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, integumentary system, Fibroepithelioma, fungi, Dermatology, General Medicine, Anatomy, Biology, medicine.disease, Hair follicle, Cholangiocyte, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Eccrine gland, medicine.anatomical_structure, Dermis, Neoplasm Invasiveness, medicine, Carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma, skin and connective tissue diseases, neoplasms
Abstract: The spread of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) directly into the dermis or down the sides of hair follicles is a common-place pathologic observation. BCC spread via eccrine ducts, which has received less recognition, is the subject of this investigation. We specifically address the question of whether eccrine duct spread accounts for the histologic pattern of the fibroepithelioma of Pinkus (feP) type of BCC. Twenty-five BCC, including 12 feP, five superficial BCC, six ordinary BCC, one BCC of the sole of the foot, and one BCC with prominent hair follicle spread were studied with HE 11 were immunostained for carcinoembryonic antigen. In ordinary BCC, occasional entrapped eccrine ducts were present. One superficial BCC surrounded the proximal portion of an eccrine duct. The BCC from the sole of the foot showed advanced spread down eccrine ducts; focal obliteration of duct epithelium and lumen was seen, as was transition to strands of solid BCC. Nine of the 12 feP showed one or several eccrine duct foci with tumor strands. These findings suggest that eccrine ducts serve as an initial template in feP and subsequently are replaced by the BCC. However, eccrine duct spread of BCC may occur without necessarily imparting an feP histologic pattern.
Published: 1994

49. Changing socioeconomic risk factors for invasive H. influenzae disease after the introduction of conjugate vaccine

Author: Babatunde Olowokure, R.L. Smith, Nick Spencer, Jeremy Hawker, and Iain Blair
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, Haemophilus Infections, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Haemophilus influenzae, Conjugate vaccine, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, Socioeconomic status, Haemophilus Vaccines, Vaccines, Conjugate, biology, West midlands, business.industry, Incidence, Pasteurellaceae, Infant, biology.organism_classification, United Kingdom, Infectious Diseases, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Population study, Female, business, Demography
Abstract: To determine socioeconomic risk factors for invasive Haemophilus influenzae (HI) disease before and after the introduction of HI type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine in the West Midlands, UK.Study population consisted of children aged5 years with laboratory confirmed invasive disease. Linear associations between disease rates and socioeconomic variables were examined 2-years before and 2-years after the introduction of conjugate vaccine.Pre-vaccine there were no trends in disease incidence. Post-vaccine there was an absolute reduction in disease incidence and significant disease differentials between affluent and deprived populations were identified for non-owner-occupancy (P=0.032) and car access (P=0.049).Our results suggest that changes in socioeconomic risk factor for invasive HI occurred after the introduction of conjugate vaccine. This may have implications for future immunisation strategies.
Published: 2002

50. Microstrip patch designs which do not excite surface waves

Author: Jeffery T. Williams, David R. Jackson, R.L. Smith, and A.K. Bhattacharyya
Subjects: Patch antenna, Microstrip antenna, Optics, Materials science, business.industry, Electrical length, Slot antenna, business, Microstrip, Antenna efficiency, Metamaterial antenna, Ground plane
Abstract: Two types of microstrip antennas are presented which do not excite the dominant TM/sub 0/ surface wave, and thus have a radiation efficiency of 100%. The first design is a circular path antenna with a 'cored' substrate, in which a circular piece of substrate material is removed from the region directly below the patch, with the resulting hole filled by a material (such as air) which has a lower permittivity. The second design consists of an annular ring patch which is short-circuited to the ground plane at the inner boundary. Both designs are based on the concept that a circular ring of magnetic current of appropriate radius will not launch any TM/sub 0/ surface wave power. Results are shown for the normalized E-plane field measured from a conventional circular patch, and for a cored-substrate patch. >
Published: 2002

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