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Transportation agencies across the U.S. are increasingly looking to the Safe System approach as a path toward achieving Vision Zero and other similar road safety performance goals. Vision Zero and the Safe System approach seek to eliminate traffic fatalities and serious injuries. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) funded an effort to create a Safe System for Intersections (SSI) method to provide a technical basis by which road planners and designers could apply Safe System principles on intersection projects, detailed in the report A Safe System-Based Framework and Analytical Methodology for Assessing Intersections. Applying the SSI method results in a set of SSI scores for each intersection design under consideration. The SSI scores characterize the extent to which an intersection alternative aligns with Safe System principles. This paper builds on the content presented in the FHWA report and describes how the key SSI method components of user exposure, conflict point severity, and intersection movement complexity are combined to produce the SSI scores. This additional background and detail on the development of the SSI scores will support future applications of the method and the identification of future research needs and method improvements.

Pedestrian safety is a growing concern for transportation planners and safety engineers at both local and state levels. Continued advancements in data availability, data integration abilities, and analysis methodologies offer new opportunities to identify factors influencing pedestrian safety and to quantify their effects to inform data-driven road safety management. The main objective of this study was to spatially integrate Highway Safety Information System data with multijurisdictional and emerging datasets to analyze two measures of pedestrian safety performance in Charlotte, NC: (1) the severity of a pedestrian crash that has occurred, and (2) the probability that a pedestrian crash will occur on a given roadway segment. To accomplish the objectives, the study explored several high-priority research topics in safety data and analysis, including pedestrian exposure analysis and probe data integration. The research team developed a pedestrian count model to predict pedestrian volumes at locations without pedestrian counts and integrated speed information from probe data to supplement other roadway and contextual transportation data available from several agencies. Pedestrian exposure at a given intersection was found to be significantly influenced by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, employment, land use, sidewalk presence, transit access, and roadway and intersection characteristics. The project team identified numerous significant factors that influenced pedestrian crash severity and probability, including outputs from the pedestrian exposure model, observed vehicle speeds, traffic volumes, intersection proximity, and other crash-related factors. The results could be used to identify locations that are more susceptible to pedestrian safety issues.

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to be highly effective in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, but to date there have been no data from the United Kingdom. An electronic survey was developed at Portsmouth Hospitals' National Health Service (NHS) Trust and sent out to UK hospital specialists utilizing the contact databases of the British Infection Association and the Royal College of Gastroenterologists. A total of 162 responses were received, representing nearly one in every seven of the United Kingdom's infection specialists and a response from one in every two UK NHS acute trusts or boards. Ninety-six per cent believe that the evidence base supports the use of FMT, and 94% reported consulting on at least one patient a year in whom they would recommend FMT. However, only 22% reported FMT use in their institution in the last 10 years, and 6% reported performing more than ten FMTs in the last 10 years. Concerns with patient acceptance, donor selection, availability of screened faecal solution, feasibility of procedure and availability of local expertise were reported as inhibiting the use of FMT. More than 90% of respondents would like access to regional guidelines, prescreened faecal solution and expert advice to facilitate implementation, and more than two thirds of respondents would support a regional FMT referral centre. A large gap exists in the United Kingdom between physicians desire to use FMT and the ability and facilities to provide it as a therapy at the bedside.

The main purpose of this workshop is to highlight the significance of ‘traditional’ reservoir geology skills. Sedimentology, reservoir properties and log signatures will be combined in a practical approach to define reservoir genetic units (flow units), using a wave-dominated deltaic example. To emphasise the added value of this method, the results of a hands-on flow unit definition exercise using deltaic core material from the Book Cliffs, Utah, can be compared with a definitive answer. This is provided by a set of large-scale outcrop photo panels and Petrel static models which exactly define the sedimentary geometry and architecture of a field-scale exposure of fluvio-deltaic deposits. Participants can therefore judge the importance of the decision making processes such as deciding facies type, and the effect this could have on different reservoir geometries and architecture. Through a combination of lectures, correlation exercises and a hands-on core description/interpretation exercise, it will be shown that combining sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy with regional palaeogeographical knowledge, can provide a robust deterministic framework for 3D reservoir models, that accurately predict reservoir architecture and connectivity ahead of drilling.

Net proton and negative hadron spectra for central Pb+Pb collisions at 158thinspthinspGeV per nucleon at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron were measured and compared to spectra from lighter systems. Net baryon distributions were derived from those of net protons. Stopping (rapidity shift with respect to the beam) and mean transverse momentum {l_angle}p{sub T}{r_angle} of net baryons increase with system size. The rapidity density of negative hadrons scales with the number of participant nucleons for nuclear collisions, whereas their {l_angle}p{sub T}{r_angle} is independent of system size. The {l_angle}p{sub T}{r_angle} dependence upon particle mass and system size is consistent with larger transverse flow velocity at midrapidity for Pb+Pb compared to S+S central collisions. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}

We report measurements of Xi and Xi-bar hyperon absolute yields as a function of rapidity in 158 GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions. At midrapidity, dN/dy = 2.29 +/- 0.12 for Xi, and 0.52 +/- 0.05 for Xi-bar, leading to the ratio of Xi-bar/Xi = 0.23 +/- 0.03. Inverse slope parameters fitted to the measured transverse mass spectra are of the order of 300 MeV near mid-rapidity. The estimated total yield of Xi particles in Pb+Pb central interactions amounts to 7.4 +/- 1.0 per collision. Comparison to Xi production in properly scaled p+p reactions at the same energy reveals a dramatic enhancement (about one order of magnitude) of Xi production in Pb+Pb central collisions over elementary hadron interactions.

Measured dielectron cross sections from Ca+Ca, C+C, He+Ca, and d+Ca reactions at 1.0 A·GeV are presented. The invariant mass spectrum from Ca+Ca collisions is discussed and compared with results from model calculations. The four A-A measurements are used to explore the physics content of the e + e − signal that is not explained by the models.

Dielectron production in [ital p]+[ital d] and [ital p]+[ital p] collisions at the beam kinetic energy of 4.9 GeV has been measured with the Dilepton Spectrometer. Features of the dielectron cross section have been studied with cuts on the mass and transverse momentum of the pairs. The spectra for several regions of phase space are presented as a function of the pair mass and transverse momentum.

The beam energy and invariant mass dependence of the dielectron yield in p + d interactions relative to the yield in p + p interactions is presented for incident kinetic energies from 1.0–4.9 GeV. The ratio of the yield in p + d interactions to that in p + p interactions decreases from 10.5±1.6 at 1.0 GeV to 1.96±0.08 at 4.9 GeV for electron pairs with invariant masses ⩾ 0.15 GeV/ c 2 . The large ratio at 1.0 GeV suggests that dielectron production in the p + d system is dominated by a p + n process. The beam energy dependence of the ratio indicates that this p + n contribution decreases with respect to the other dielectron sources as the incident energy is increased.

The dielectron yield in p + d and p + p collisions at a beam kinetic energy of 4.9 GeV has been measured using the Dilepton Spectrometer (DLS) at the Bevalac. The measured ratio of the yield in p + d to that in p + p collisions, 1.92±0.06, is in disagreement with the assumptions of model calculations applied to our ealier p +Be data, where it was found that p + n bremsstrahlung dominated other sources. While the measured ratio is consistent with a hadron-like origin of the dielectrons, the contributions of known hadronic decays are smaller than the measured yield from p + p collissions.

In order to create a successful grid infrastructure, sites and resource providers must be able to publish information about their underlying resources and services. This information makes it easier for users and virtual organizations to make intelligent decisions about resource selection and scheduling, and can be used by the grid infrastructure for accounting and troubleshooting services. However, such an outbound stream may include data deemed sensitive by a resource-providing site, exposing potential security vulnerabilities or private user information to the world at large, including malicious entities. This study analyzes the various vectors of information being published from sites to grid infrastructures. In particular, it examines the data being published to, and collected by the Open Science Grid, including resource selection, monitoring, accounting, troubleshooting, logging and site verification data. We analyze the risks and potential threat models posed by the publication and collection of such data. We also offer some recommendations and best practices for sites and grid infrastructures to manage and protect sensitive data.

We present measured dielectron production cross sections for Ca+Ca, C+C, He+Ca, and d+Ca reactions at 1.0 A GeV. Statistical uncertainties and systematic effects are smaller than in previous DLS nucleus-nucleus data. For pair mass < 0.35 GeV/c2 : 1) the Ca+Ca cross section is larger than the previous DLS measurement and current model results, 2) the mass spectra suggest large contributions from pi0 and eta Dalitz decays, and 3) dsigma/dM is proportional to ApAt. For M > 0.5 GeV/c2 the Ca+Ca to C+C cross section ratio is significantly larger than the ratio of ApAt values., Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Further analysis information will be posted on our web pages -- http://macdls.lbl.gov Figure 1 has been redrawn to make more legible. Text modified to support redrawn figure

The DLS collaboration has recently completed a high statistics study of dilepton production at the Bevalac. In particular, we have measured dielectrons (e+e-) from p-p and p-d collisions to understand the basic dilepton production mechanisms in the energy range from 1.05 - 4.9 GeV. These data can be used to determine the basic processes which contribute to nucleon-nucleon dilepton production such as hadronic bremsstrahlung, vector meson processes, and hadronic Dalitz decay. The data show that a simple elastic bremsstrahlung calculation is insufficient to explain the data. Theoretical models are compared with the data. A new high statistics study of Ca-Ca at 1.05 A GeV has been made to study the collectivity of A-A collisions., Comment: 6 pages, Preprints available from HSMatis@lbl.gov. Will be published in Nuclear Physics A - The Proceedings on the 1994 Nucleus Nucleus Collisions Conference, Taorimina

Sixteen adult, right-handed, moderate-to-severe atutterers (12 males, 4 females) and 20 nonstuttering controls (10 males, 10 females) were given a dichotic nonsense-syllable test to determine hemispheric lateralization for speech. Both male and female stutterers evidenced right-ear advantages in syllable identification similar in magnitude to those found for normals. These data confirm other reports of no difference in cerebral speech lateralization for stutterers and nonstutterers and, therefore, lend no support to theories that relate stuttering to abnormalities in cerebral lateralization. Acknowledgments. This study was conducted while the authors were at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. The assistance of Dr. R. L. Webster, the staff of the Institute for Behavioral Research, and the Departments of Psychology and Linguistics at the University of Connecticut is gratefully acknowledged.

The close relationship between the crystal symmetry and vibrational properties of a material is utilised in the design of broadband monolithic high-frequency crystal filters. Using a pseudo-3-fold-symmetry direction in LiNbO3, plate resonators with a single-mode resonance have been constructed.

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with an initial cure rate of 81% after the first FMT, rising to 94% after two FMTs [1]. However, for the small number of subjects whose infection fails to respond to this approach, there are no clearly defined therapeutic options. In our hospital, a consultation was requested regarding a 74year-old man with underlying B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who had presented with recurrent CDI. He had previously completed four cycles of chemotherapy, but he fell, with a resulting subdural haematoma, and his chemotherapy was stopped. He developed diarrhoea in August 2013, and his stool was glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) positive (Alere, USA) and toxin A/B enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay positive (Alere, USA). He was treated with a ten-day course of oral metronidazole 400mg three times a day. This was subsequently followed by a further course when symptoms returned. When he again developed diarrhoea, he underwent colonoscopy, which confirmed pseudomembranous colitis. At this point, he was treatedwith oral vancomycin 125mg four times a day for 14 days. When this failed, he was treated with a pulsed/tapered 6-week course of vancomycin. During treatment, his symptoms were suppressed, but when he received alternate-day vancomycin, his symptoms returned, and laboratory testing confirmed toxinpositive C. difficile. He was subsequently maintained on oral vancomycin 125 mg three or four times a day. In late November 2013, he received his first FMT (unrelated donor 100 g of faeces in 500 mL of 0.9% saline passed by nasojejunal tube), but after

Expressions for motional inductance and parallel capacitance are derived in terms of physical device parameters for LiTaO3 single-mode energy-trapped resonators. Confirmation of these expressions is provided by measurements on a set of 163°-rotated y plate resonators.