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Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the developed world. Both inherited high-penetrance mutations in BRCA2 (ref. 2), ATM, PALB2 (ref. 4), BRCA1 (ref. 5), STK11 (ref. 6), CDKN2A and mismatch-repair genes and low-penetrance loci are associated with increased risk. To identify new risk loci, we performed a genome-wide association study on 9,925 pancreatic cancer cases and 11,569 controls, including 4,164 newly genotyped cases and 3,792 controls in 9 studies from North America, Central Europe and Australia. We identified three newly associated regions: 17q25.1 (LINC00673, rs11655237, odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-1.34, P = 1.42 × 10-14), 7p13 (SUGCT, rs17688601, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.84-0.92, P = 1.41 × 10-8) and 3q29 (TP63, rs9854771, OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85-0.93, P = 2.35 × 10-8). We detected significant association at 2p13.3 (ETAA1, rs1486134, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.09-1.19, P = 3.36 × 10-9), a region with previous suggestive evidence in Han Chinese. We replicated previously reported associations at 9q34.2 (ABO), 13q22.1 (KLF5), 5p15.33 (TERT and CLPTM1), 13q12.2 (PDX1), 1q32.1 (NR5A2), 7q32.3 (LINC-PINT), 16q23.1 (BCAR1) and 22q12.1 (ZNRF3). Our study identifies new loci associated with pancreatic cancer risk. © 2015 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

In the course of the development of Lumaxis™ (roxifiban), the physical state of XP280 (the besylate salt of the active metabolites of roxifiban) and SC887 (the mesylate salt of the free base of roxifiban) were characterized. Powder X‐ray diffraction patterns of XP280 were ambiguous in that a high degree of background signal was present and potentially indicative of the existence of an amorphous phase. Herein the results of combined synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy (diffraction and imaging) studies on XP280 and SC887 are reported. The combination of these two techniques allowed an unambiguous assessment of the crystallinity, as well as determination of four of the unit cell parameters of XP280 and complete determination of the unit cell parameters for SC887. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 89: 1237–1242, 2000

A four-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the doubly differential cross section of projectile ionization at forward observation angles in the H + H collision system at an impact energy of 70 keV u . We present a simple and fast procedure, based on the separation of the interaction regions, for determining the electron loss to the continuum peak with neutral projectiles.

We investigate electron capture from initially oriented circular Rydberg atoms by proton impact at collision speeds comparable to the electron orbital speed. The Thomas double scattering mechanism is observed even at these low relative speeds. Furthermore, we find evidence for the dominance of a quasi Thomas capture mechanism in the form of not a single peak, but a double-peaked structure in the differential cross section when the plane of the circular orbit is nearly perpendicular to the incident direction of the projectile.

Intersexuality in sheep is rare, with the freemartin anomaly being the most common. We describe here a true hermaphrodite in a wild sheep. An F(1) wild sheep ewe of Argali-mouflon X Mexican desert bighorn breeding was bred to an F(1) ram of the same breeding. A single lamb was born with the external appearance of a normal female. The lamb grew faster than its female cohorts, and by 6 months of age exhibited the aggressive behavior, size, coloration and horn development associated with males. Phenotypically, the intersex had female external genitalia with an enlarged clitoris. A human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) response test was performed when the intersex was 1-year-old and serum testosterone, progesterone and estradiol levels were compared to the response of a normal female and male of similar age and breeding. An exploratory celiotomy revealed two gonadal-like structures associated with a female reproductive tract. Histopathology of the structures revealed spermatogenically inactive testicular vessels and ovarian tissue with primary follicles. The reproductive tract was complete with two uterine horns and a cervix. The intersexuality is attributed to an XX/XXY mosaic.

Classical phase-space models of the hydrogen molecule and helium are utilized to study shell and subshell electron-capture processes in collisions of fully stripped ions on charge states from 1 to 15 with H{sub 2} and He at intermediate impact energies (20--200 keV/amu). Autoionization after double electron capture is approximated and is found to be an important channel for high projectile charges. The resulting ({ital n},{ital l}) distributions for proton impact of He and H{sub 2} as well as total capture cross sections are found to be in very good agreement with experimental data. {ital l} distributions for high projectile charges are also analyzed for {ital n} levels for which autoionization is negligible. It is found that electrons are captured preferentially to large {ital l} values.

Summary form only given. Implosion and ignition of an indirectly-driven ICF capsule operating near a Fermi-degenerate isentrope requires initial Planckian-radiation-drive temperatures of 70-to-90 eV to be present for a duration of 10-to-15 ns prior to the main drive pulse. Such capsules are being designed for high pulsed-power generators such as X1. This foot-pulse drive capability has been recently demonstrated in a NIF-sized (/spl phi/=6-mm 1=7-mm), gold hohlraum, using a one-sided static-wall hohlraum geometry on the Z generator. The general arrangement utilized nested tungsten-wire arrays of radii (mass) 20 mm (2 mg) and 10 mm (1 mg) that had an axial length of -10 mm. The arrays were driven by a peak current of -21 MA and were made to implode on a 2-/spl mu/m-thick Cu annulus (mass=4.5 mg), which had a radius of 4 mm and was filled with a low-density CH foam, all centered about the z-axis. The gold hohlraum was mounted on axis and above the Cu/foam target. A 2.9-mm-radius axial hole between the top of the target and hohlraum permitted the X-rays generated from the implosion to enter the hohlraum. The radiation within the hohlraum was monitored by viewing the hohlraum through a 3-mm diameter hole on the lateral side of the hohlraum with a suite of diagnostics. The radiation entering the hohlraum was estimated by an additional suite of on-axis diagnostics, in a limited number of separate shots, when the hohlraum was not present. Additionally, the radiation generated outside the Cu annulus was monitored, for all shots, through a 3-mm diameter aperture located on the outside of the current return can.

Summary form only given. For many years, Sandia National Laboratories under contract to the Department of Energy has produced targets designed to understand complex ion beam and Z-pinch plasma physics. This poster focuses on the features of target designs that make them suitable for Z-pinch plasma physics applications. Precision diagnostic targets will prove critical in understanding the plasma physics model needed for future ion beam and Z-pinch design. Targets are designed to meet specific physics needs; in this case we have fabricated targets to maximize information about the end-on versus side-on X-ray emission and Z-pinch hohlraum development. In this poster we describe the fabrication and characterization techniques. We will include discussion of current targets under development as well as target fabrication capabilities.

Summary form only given. Radiation environments characteristic of those encountered during the low-temperature foot pulse and subsequent higher-temperature early-step pulses required for indirect-drive ICF ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are desired in order to provide a platform to better understand the dynamics of NIF hohlraums and capsules prior to NIF completion. In this paper, we show that an axial hohlraum using the static-wall-hohlraum geometry heated by X-rays from a Z-pinch on the Z generator is capable of providing environments for such pre-NIF studies as well as for diagnostic applications.

A systematic investigation of binary encounter electron production from collisions of partially stripped ions with hydrogen and noble gases is currently under way. We present experimental double-differential binary encounter electron cross sections as well as model calculations for 0.6 MeV amu −1 Cu 19+ , I 23+ and Au 29+ ions colliding with argon. The results show how, with increasing the screening of the projectile nuclear charge, quantum diffraction effects manifest themselves in the angular behaviour and shape of the binary encounter peak.

Relative double differential cross sections for electron emission in collisions of Iq+ and Xeq+ projectile ions incidence on H2 and He targets are presented for observation angles of 0° to 60° with respect to the beam. The measurements were performed over a wide range of projectile velocities (0.6 to 3.6 MeV/amu) and charge states (q=7 to 23). As the velocity or charge state of the projectile are decreased, drastic changes in the behavior of the binary encounter peak can be observed. These effects can be attributed to diffraction of the target electrons by the non‐Coulomb potential of the clothed projectile ion. A theoretical treatment of the double differential cross sections has been developed where the binary encounter electrons are treated within the impulse approximation as the elastic scattering of quasi‐free target electrons by the screened potential of the projectile ion.

A projection lithography tool is being developed to make 100-nm features using 14-nm radiation. Multilayer coatings allow near-normal reflections in this large-field, diffraction-limited system.

The pathophysiology of carcinogenesis as a multistage process has been reviewed and the rationale for the action of vitamins and biofactors has been presented. This overview will now be followed by presentations of the actions of retinoids, carotenoids, vitamin D and marine natural products by other members of this Symposium.

ABSTRACT The pile load test database, used previously1 in recommending properties to use in API RP 2A2 for analysis of the axial load capacity of steel pipe piles in sand, is reviewed and updated, and suggestions are made for properties that lead to improved agreement between measured and predicted axial pile capacity. INTRODUCTION The API recommended practice for analysis of the axial load capacity of steel pipe piles in cohesionless soils (RP 2A) has undergone a continued evolution during the last decade. Major changes have involved taking into account the effect of relative density and changing the numerical values of the earth pressure coefficient (K). Some of the changes have been controversial. The function of this paper is to review relevant data and to make suggestions for further changes that would bring the API standard more into accord with the existing database. A restricted amount of data on piles other than steel pipe will be included where they are relevant. ANALYTICAL METHOD The calculated axial load capacity of piles (Qc) is taken as: (mathematical equation) (available in full paper) where Qs is the capacity in side shear, Qp is the tip capacity (taken as zero for tensile loads), and Wp is the weight of the pile submerged in soil (usually small enough that it is ignored) and is positive for tensile loading and negative for compressive loading. In the absence of more definitive data, side shear is calculated using: (mathematical equation) (available in full paper)where fs is the local side shear between the pile and the surrounding cohesionless soil (limited to a value flim), C is pile circumference, ?L is an increment of pile length in the Lth layer, K is the earth pressure coefficient (1.0 for full displacement piles, 0.8 for non-displacement piles), −? is the free-field vertical effective stress in the middle of the Lth layer, and ? is the friction angle between the pile and the surrounding soil. Similarly, the tip capacity is calculated using: (mathematical equation) (available in full paper) where qp is the net pressure between the pile tip and the subsoil (limited to qlim), Ap is the area of the pile tip, −? is the free field vertical effective stress at the pile tip, and NQ is a dimensionless bearing capacity factor. Numerical values used for the various parameters, in the 1989 API RP2A, are shown in Table 1, for comparison with alternative values recommended later. It is widely recognized that Eqs. 2 and 3 are used mainly as a means of generalizing pile load test data. The actual numerical values, taken separately, have a significant possible error. For example, the effective stress (−?) near a loaded pile cannot be the free field value. The value of ? is not likely to be the friction angle of the original cohesion less soil on the pile material, e.g., as obtained from direct shear tests, because cohesion less soils are likely to be ground up due to the high stresses and large shearing strains near a pile tip. The earth pressure coefficient, K, is empirical because the state of stress right next to- a pile may involve a substantial amount of arching, thus making it difficult to apply cavity expansion, and other, models.

We present classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations of differential cross sections for direct ionization (without charge transfer) of He by protons, electrons, and their antiparticles at 200 keV/amu. Dynamical effects depending on the charge-sign and mass of the projectiles, as elucidated by the calculations, are discussed, and an experiment to test some of the calculations with antimatter projectiles is proposed.

A four-body classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method was used to calculate single and double ionization cross sections for collisions of fully stripped ions with helium. The energy range was 1–5 MeV/amu with ions in charge states +1 to +10. Both electrons were explicitly treated in the calculations.

Configuration-interaction (CI) potential curves have been calculated for the ten lowest singlet molecular states of MgH/sup +/. The X /sup 1/..sigma.., A /sup 1/..sigma.., and B /sup 1/Pi molecular states are calculated to be bound by 1.93, 1.93, and 0.18 eV at equilibrium separations 3.16, 3.84, and 4.41a/sub 0/, respectively. These potential-well characteristics are in reasonable accord with analyses performed on spectroscopic data. The CI potential curves were employed in a three-channel scattering calculation to estimate H/sup +/+Mg electron-capture cross sections at velocities (0.1--1.4) x 10/sup 8/ cm/sec. Capture with excitation of the ion dominates with H+Mg/sup +/ (3p) being the major electron-capture channel at 1 x 10/sup 8/ cm/sec. At higher velocities, a classical-trajectory Monte-Carlo method was used to calculate both the electron-capture and impact-ionization across sections for the H/sup +/+Mg collision pair. The calculated electron-capture cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the recent measurements of Morgan and Eriksen.

Ionization cross sections for the four combinations of electrons and positrons on H and He/sup +/ have been calculated at energies near the threshold for ionization using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method. In addition, charge-exchange (positronium formation) cross sections have been calculated for the positron-impact collisions. The ionization cross sections compare well with the predictions of the Wannier and Klar models and experimental observations. Our results indicate that the Wannier-type threshold behavior may extend to higher energies than was previously thought. In addition, we have calculated two of the collision parameters, the angle and the relative separation between the escaping particles, used in the Wannier and Klar models, and find good agreement with the values predicted by these theories.

Low energy total and differential cross sections are calculated for the H 0 +Cs→H − +Cs + reaction. Acceptance angles required to observe the H − formation process are presented and indicate the importance of large angle scattering at energies less than 0.2 keV.

Total deactivation cross sections for collisions of metastable H (2 $sup 2$S) on He and Ar have been measured in the energy range 0.1--3000 eV. At low collision energies an apparatus designed to utilize time-of-flight techniques was used, while at the high energies an apparatus that employed beam-attenuation techniques was used. The cross sections are found to be on the order of 10$sup - 14$ cm$sup 2$ at the lowest energies and decrease slowly to approximately 10$sup - 15$ cm$sup 2$ at the highest energies. The experimental data were analyzed to obtain information about the difference in potential energies, $delta$V (R), between the two $sup 2$$Sigma$ molecular states arising from the H(n=2)+He and Ar separated atoms. Our analysis also shows that the dominant deactivation mechanism of H(2 $sup 2$S) at energies less than 500 eV is excitation to H(2 $sup 2$P), which rapidly radiates to the ground state.

Theoretical calculations, confirmed by experimental measurements, are used to obtain a new scaling for electron loss from a hydrogen atom in collision with a heavy, highly stripped ion. The calculations cover the energy range 50 to 5000 keV/amu and charge states q from 1 to 50. The experiments are in the range 108 to 1140 keV/amu and charge states 3 to 22. A simple analytic expression that describes the electron-loss cross section for 1 < or = q < or = 50 in the energy range 50 to 5000 keV/amu is presented.

Total electron-capture cross sections have been measured for collisions of Al/sup q/+ (q = 2--10) with H and H/sub 2/ in the 20--120-eV/amu energy range. The general trend of the cross sections for both H and H/sub 2/ is an approximately linear increase with ionic charge state. The Al/sup 2 +/+H and Al/sup 3 +/+H systems were investigated theoretically using the molecular-orbital method with a pseudopotential to represent the Al/sup 3 +/ ion core. Coupled-channel calculations realize good agreement with experiment. An anomalously small cross section for Al/sup 2 +/+H is attributed to the fact that of the /sup 1/..sigma.. and /sup 3/..sigma.. entrance channels, only the /sup 1/..sigma.. molecular state contributes to the cross section.

The classical trajectory Monte Carlo method has been used to calculate H+ + H(1s) electron capture and ionization differential cross sections at energies of 25–200 keV. Angular scattering of the electron removed by the ionization process has been studied as a function of ejected electron velocity νe. The classical calculations are in reasonable agreement with coupled-channel results for the “electron capture to the continuum” (ECC) component of the ionization process where this term is defined as the ejected electron being more closely centered to the projectile than the target nucleus after the collision. The ECC cross section σECC was studied as a function of collision energy (50–500 keV/amu) and projectile charge state (q=1 to 10). At high energies, σECC scaled as q 2.3 E 2.5 . The maximum value for σECC was found at an energy Emax≅(56 keV/amu) q0.4.

We have studied the ionization of rare gases by protons at intermediate energies, i.e., energies at which the velocities of the proton and the target-gas valence electrons are comparable. A significant channel for electron production in the forward direction is shown to be “saddle-point” ionization, in which electrons are stranded on or near the saddle-point of electric potential between the receding projectile and the ionized target. Such electrons yield characteristic energy spectra, and contribute significantly to forward-electron-production cross sections. Classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations are found to provide qualitative agreement with our measurements and the earlier measurements of Rudd and coworkers, and reproduce, in detail, the features of the general ionization spectra.

Progress is reported on charge transfer in ion-atom collisions at low to intermediate collision energy. Special emphasis is placed on application of the molecular orbital (MO) expansion method. The importance of including electron translation factors within the MO expansion is also emphasized. Results for one- and two-electron systems are discussed in conjunction with those obtained by the atomic orbital (AO) expansion method. Comparison with experimental data is made.

The pseudopotential molecular-structure method has been used to calculate the X/sup 1/..sigma.. and a/sup 3/..sigma.. interaction potentials for the alkali-metal-atom--hydrogen-atom systems. These potentials were then used in a quantum-mechanical calculation to determine the spin-exchange cross sections in the energy range from 2.5 x 10/sup -4/ eV to 2.5 eV. The cross sections follow the general form Q/sup 1/2/ = a-b lnv. However, abundant structure on the cross sections is present due to orbiting resonances induced by the deeply bound well of the X/sup 1/..sigma.. molecular state. The spin-exchange cross sections range from 17 x 10/sup -16/ to 25 x 10/sup -16/ cm/sup 2/ at room temperature for H(F = 1) transferring to H(F = 0) in collision with unpolarized lithium and cesium, respectively.

Quantum close-coupling techniques employing pseudo-potential derived coupling matric elements between reactant and product states have been used to calculate the crctions for the reactions Na + Cl ⇌ Na+ + Cl− and K + Cl ⇌ K+ + Cl−. The calculations were performed from threshold collision energies to 5.0 eV, allowing the reaction rates to be determined for temperatures T ⩽ 5000°K. Analytical forms for the reaction rates are given. Representative reaction rates at 2000°K for the ionization reactions are k(Na + Cl) = 4.3 × 10−14 cm3/s and k(K + Cl) = 1.0 × 10−13 cm3/s, while for the ion-ion recombination reactions the rates are found to be k(Na+ + Cl−) = 3.7 × 10−9 cm3/s and k(K+ + Cl−) = 8.5 × 10−11 cm3/s. It is believed that the calculated rates are accurate to within a factor of two or three.

Charge transfer and impact ionization cross sections for Fe +26 + H collisions were computed using the perturbed stationary state and classical trajectory methods. These results in combination with previous theoretical stripped ion + H collision studies indicate an approximately linear dependence of the charge transfer cross section with projectile charge for ν ⪅ 1 × 10 8 cm/s.

A six-state coupled-channel calculation has been performed on the laser-assisted charge-transfer collision H/sup +/+Na+h..omega... A greatly enhanced charge-transfer cross section is observed for low-energy collisions if the photon energy is matched to the classical satellite frequency. This frequency is determined by the location of an extremum in the difference of potential energies between the laser-pumped initial and final molecular states. The stationary-phase method has been used to reproduce the general features and the magnitude of the cross-section structure.

Doubly and singly differential cross sections for electron emission have been calculated by means of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method for the p/sup +/, p/sup -/, and He/sup 2+/+He systems at impact energies of 50 and 100 keV/amu. The calculations for the p/sup +/ and He/sup 2+/+He systems exhibit the capture to the continuum peak and agree in both shape and magnitude with experimental data. Analysis of the classical trajectories has helped to understand the dynamical formation of this peak. The dependence of the cross sections on the projectile charge (-1, +1, and +2) is analyzed and compared with first-order scalings. It is concluded from this analysis that the combined influence of both the projectile and target Coulomb fields prevails over all the electronic spectra.

Recently, electron-loss cross sections were presented by Kim and Meyer (Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1047 (1980)) for 40 keV/amu N/sup 3 +/+H**(n) collisions which scaled as n/sup 3.12/, where n is the principal quantum number of the excited H/sup 0/. Such results are in contrast to an n/sup 2/ scaling predicted by classical and first Born theoretical methods. Our calculations indicate that a major component of the experimentally observed ion signal was due to Stark ionization by deflector grids of highly excited H/sup 0/ produced in excitation-transfer collisions. Inclusion of the excitation process in a theoretical interpretation reveals qualitative agreement between theory and experiment and stresses the importance of excitation transfer in ion--Rydberg-atom collisions.

Molecular-structure calculations using the pseudopotential method have been performed on the (ArHe)/sup 8 +/ system. The cross section for single-electron capture in Ar/sup 8 +/+He collisions was calculated for energies from 20 eV to 10 keV/amu. The perturbed-stationary-state method (M. Kimura, H. Sato, and R. E. Olson, Phys. Rev. A 28, 2085 (1983)), modified to include electron translation factors appropriate to two-electron systems, was used. The total cross section is relatively energy independent with a value of appr

The classical-trajectory Monte-Carlo method has been used to calculate the electron capture and impact ionization cross sections for alpha particles (He ++ ) colliding with O + q ( q = 3,4,5) in the energy range 0.25 to 1.0 MeV amu .

THE control of cell metabolism required to achieve integration of the chemical events which underlie biological activity is one of the wonders of the life sciences. Although our understanding of these phenomena is fragmentary at present, it is sufficiently developed for us to appreciate that innumerable chemical servomechanisms exist to provide this control. Drs. Rivlin and Weber have presented new evidence for the action of thyroxine and insulin in controlling cell metabolism at multiple sites. Before we open the discussion on these papers I should like to make some general comments on the subject of mechanisms for the control of cell metabolism. The mechanisms of control of cell metabolism may be divided into three major categories, as shown in Table 1. Enzymatic mechanisms are the most

A Bohr classical model for He is applied to multiply charged ions colliding with He at intermediate energies. Reactions studied are single-electron capture, single and double ionization, and electron-capture ionization for projectile charge states q = 1+ to 100+, and the energy range E = 1--5 MeV/amu. The dominant electron-removal collision process is single ionization. For the higher-charge-state ions, single-charge exchange is found to be primarily due to transfer ionization, a two-electron process where one electron is ionized and the other is captured by the projectile. For low-charge states, the single- and double-ionization cross sections are close to the expected q/sup 2/ and q/sup 4/ scaling. The calculations are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data.

A series of orthognathic cases illustrates the potential service that is available to young adult and adult patients. These patients have problems that are not within the therapeutic possibilities of orthodontics alone. From a variety of viewpoints--length of time, appliance wear, iatrogenic damage, and patient concern--such procedures may well be preferred and ultimately more successful and stable than alternate conventional orthodontic therapy. Surgical procedures, in combination with orthodontics and prosthetics, have now achieved a level of sophistication that permits correction of almost any type of facial deformity quickly, with minimum pain, and relatively few unfavorable sequelae.12.13.15.

Research on this contract can be divided into two general topics: (1) D/sup -/ formation collision processes, and (2) the determination of scattering cross sections used to diagnose properties of magnetically-confined plasmas. For topic (1) during last year, we completed theoretical calculations on the differential (angular) scattering of H/sup 0/ and D/sup 0/ on Cs, and determined the mechanisms and trends in the electron detachment cross sections for collisions of H/sup -/ and D/sup -/ on He, Ne, and the alkali and heavy alkaline earth atom systems. On topic (2) a major accomplishment was the determination of the electron capture and ionization cross sections for the C/sup 5 +/, N/sup 5 +/, and O/sup 6 +/ + H systems in the energy range from 13 eV/amu to 2.1 MeV/amu.

Resonant charge transfer in alkali-ion--alkali-atom collisions is investigated by using the molecular-orbital expansion method incorporating the use of electron translation factors. Molecular wave functions and eigenenergies are obtained by the pseudopotential method. Molecular properties, R/sub e/, D/sub e/, and ..omega../sub e/, obtained in the present calculation are in good accord with other recent theoretical results, as well as spectroscopic measurements. Three-state close-coupling calculations reproduce the positions of the maxima and minima in the oscillatory structure seen experimentally in the resonant-charge-transfer cross sections for the Li/sub 2/ /sup +/ and Cs/sub 2/ /sup +/ systems. The magnitude of the total cross sections and their velocity dependence are in agreement with experimental measurements.

Abstract On April 1, 1981, Exxon initiated production from the Hondo Field in the Santa Ynez Unit through the interdependent operation of the Hondo Platform, an Offshore Storage and Treating vessel (OS&T), and a Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM). The initial development of Hondo presented Exxon with many physical and regulatory challenges which have been satisfied through innovative facilities design and successful field operations. This paper will focus on Exxon's experience with the Hondo Field during the first 21 months of operation and will highlight areas of operation which distinguish Hondo from other offshore developments. Introduction The Hondo Field IS located in the Santa Barbara Channel five miles off the coast of California. The Hondo Field is the first field to begin production from the Santa Ynez Unit, estimated to contain 300 to 400 million barrels of recoverable oil reserves. Figure 1 illustrates the location of the Hondo Field, the Santa Ynez Unit, and key production support groups for Exxon's Santa Barbara Channel operations. The Hondo Field initial development plan is shown in Figure 2. Located in 850 feet of water, the Hondo Platform supports drilling and production activities for the field. Production activities on the platform include gas-oil separation and gas compression, dehydration, and reinjection. Hondo currently produces from 20 wells completed in two distinctly different reservoirs. The majority of crude is produced from the Monterey reservoir which yields a sour low gravity crude that forms a stable emulsion with water. Platform facilities are designed to produce a total of 45 thousand barrels per day (KB/D) of crude oil emulsion and 26 million standard cubic feet per day (MSCF/D) of gas through two parallel production trains. Produced emulsion is separated from associated gas and pumped via an emulslon pipeline t o the OS&T for further processing. Three MSCF/D of associated gas is transferred to the OS&T for fuel usage, two MSCF/D is used for gas lift and the remaining gas is reinjected. Gas sales to onshore treating facilities will begin in late 1983. Produced oil, gas, and water are processed on the OS&T, which is a converted 50K dead weight ton tanker. Principal OS&T process activities include oil - water separation, crude stabilization, fuel gas treating, and sulfur recovery. Sour crude oil emulsion containing approximately eight percent water and 100 parts per million (ppm) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is treated in dehydration and sweetening facilities to a cargo specification of three percent water and 10 ppm H2S. The OS&T is capable of storing 210 K barrels of treated crude, which is offloaded to shuttle tankers approximately every five days. Water separated from the emulsion is treated then pumped to Hondo for injection into disposal wells. Sour gas from the Hondo Platform is sweetened from an H2S concentration of approximately two and one-half percent down to 35 ppm using an amine process. The processed gas is used to fuel two 19 megawatt (MW) turbine generators which provide power for the field.

Precise energy and angular distributions of 85.38 MeV/u Ar ions in solids are measured with the high-resolution spectrometer SPEG at GANIL. The nonuniformities of the target thickness were investigated with a laser-interferometric method. Stopping power, energy loss straggling, and angular scattering data are presented and compared with experimental data and theories.

In response to an inquiry by Euratom, estimates of the costs for the production of 85 kg of 15% Pu-240 metal and for the production of 15 kg of 25% Pu-240 oxide at HAPO were recently requested by the Atomic Energy Commission. In connection with this inquiry, comments were requested regarding the possibility of establishing and measuring product plutonium oxide ``sinterability`` parameters. This report presents estimates of the costs for separations processing by the Chemical Processing Department for the cases of interest. Process ground rules and any necessary assumptions are explained. In addition, the problems of measuring oxide ``sinterability`` are briefly discussed. Highlights of this study were previously transmitted to the Irradiation Processing Department for incorporation in a formal reply to the original Commission request. Subsequently, some adjustments in ground rules have caused cost changes which are included in this report.