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Background. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a disabling disease that often leads to hip replacement. Due to the increasing incidence among the young population, various methods of organ-preserving treatment aimed at slowing down the progression of ANFH and preserving the functions of the hip joint have been proposed. Today, there is a lot of controversy and disagreement over the procedure of introducing bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) into the site of osteonecrosis. The aim of the study — a systematic analysis of the accumulated literature data on the effectiveness, safety, advantages and disadvantages of treating patients with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head by the tunneling method using bone marrow-derived MMSCs, as well as their impact on reducing the risk of disease progression and long-term treatment results. Methods. A 10-year literature search (2013-2023) was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and eLIBRARY databases. According to our inclusion criteria, the review included 8 high-quality studies that examined the use of MMSCs as part of bone marrow concentrate for the treatment of ANFH. Results. The surgical outcomes of 368 patients (548 hips) from 8 studies were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was from 24 to 360 months. In most cases, functional indicators improved. In the main group, where mesenchymal stromal cells were used, X-ray progression to the next stage occurred in 31.25% of cases and the need for endoprosthetics was 30.6%; in the comparison group, the progression occurred in 68.75% of cases and the need for endoprosthetics was 69.4 %. Conclusion. The use of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in the complex treatment of ANFH in the early (ARCO I, II, IIIA) stages of the disease can improve the hip joint function, slow down the progression of the disease and reduce the need for endoprosthetics.

The influence of the adenosine triphosphate molecule on cell signalling cascades under different physiological conditions, such as disrupted regeneration processes in the body, is of particular interest for scientists. The purpose of this research was to study the biophysical properties of formed elements in middle-aged people under mechanical stress in vitro. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted at the Biochemistry Department of the Medical Institute, Belgorod State National Research University. We studied blood samples from healthy people aged 36 to 59 years (n = 30) undergoing a routine medical examination at St. Joasaph Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital. All samples were divided into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30); the former were subjected to mechanical action, the latter remained intact. Methods of atomic force microscopy were applied, namely, force spectroscopy and the Kelvin probe. Cell surface stiffness was determined by calculating Young’s modulus. Results. Under mechanical stress in vitro, the surface charge of erythrocytes, segmented granulocytes, and lymphocytes became more negative, while the surface potential of platelet plasmalemma became more positive. At the same time, surface stiffness of erythrocytes and lymphocytes increased, while that of neutrophils and platelets decreased. The results of this study expand the knowledge about changes in the biophysical properties of blood cells under mechanical stress. The data obtained may be useful for understanding the mechanisms of interaction between leukocytes and platelets, both being the main regulators of homeostatic processes in the bloodstream, and erythrocytes, involved in the regulation of the vascular tone of arterioles and, as a consequence, tissue perfusion, in middle-aged adults.

The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of studying the nature of the influence of cardiocytoprotectors on energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes using a model of human peripheral blood leukocytes.Materials and methods. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into groups: 1) intact rats; 2) rats with experimental myocardial ischemia; 3) rats with myocardial ischemia, which were injected with cardiocytoprotector – trimetazidine, 4) meldonium, 5) cytoflavin and 6) ethoxydol. Animals were taken out of the experiment 10 days after the administration of drugs by decapitation. The activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were determined in mitochondria of myocardial homogenates and in mitochondria of leukocytes by spectrophotometric methods.Results. The decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase activity in cardiomyocytes and in leukocytes were revealed in case of myocardial ischemia modeling. The introduction of cardiocytoprotectors led to the activation of these enzymes both in heart cells and in blood leukocytes. Direct positive correlations were obtained between the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes and in the mitochondria of leukocytes (r = 0.811; p < 0.0001); between citrate synthase activity in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes and in the mitochondria of leukocytes (r = 0.909; p < 0.0001).Conclusion. Changes in energy metabolism in blood leukocytes under the influence of cytoprotectors reflect similar changes occurring in heart cells.

Two freshwater rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, flow into the Aral Sea, but they began to diminish in the early 1960s, and by the 1980s, the lake had nearly ceased to exist due to excessive water consumption for agriculture and the unsustainable management of water resources from rivers, which transformed the Aral Sea into a hypersaline lake. Despite this, the flora and fauna of the region began to evolve in the high-salinity seabed soil, which has received little attention in studies. In this study, we isolated approximately 1400 bacterial strains from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of plant species of distinct families. Bacterial isolates were examined for antifungal activities against a range of pathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia gossypii, Trichothecium ovalisporum, Fusarium annulatum, F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. brachygibbosum, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides, Alternaria alternata, A. terreus, Aspergillus niger, and As. flavus. Eighty-eight bacterial isolates exhibited varying antagonistic ability against pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, DNA barcoding of isolates using the 16S rRNA gene indicated that most antagonistic bacteria belonged to the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera. The study also explored the activity of hydrolytic and cell-wall-degrading enzymes produced by antagonistic bacteria. The findings revealed that antagonistic bacteria can be utilized to widely protect seabed plants and plants growing in saline areas against pathogenic fungi, as well as agricultural crops.

Recent decades see a steady increase in the number of patients suffering from food allergies worldwide. Children have a variety of clinical symptoms of food allergy. Some patients have local allergic reaction in the oral cavity, other — atopic dermatitis or gastrointestinal allergy, and sometimes there is the food anaphylaxis that put child’s life in danger. Atopic dermatitis is among the most common food allergy symptom. We all know that atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by skin itching and inflammation. Allergens in children food intake are considered to be the main factors to provoke atopic dermatitis at an early age, but sometimes not only oral allergens are the main triggers of the disease. Nowadays we get more data about inhalation and transdermal ways of sensitization with atopic dermatitis.Resent global scientific discoveries in molecular allergology changed the awareness of allergen structure and new ways to detect allergy. Scientists proved the direct connection between recurrent and difficult to treat signs of atopic dermatitis and IgE-dependent allergic reactions. That forces doctors to choose ISAC-112 ImmunoCAP test to treat patients with severe skin lesions to clarify the spectrum of sensitization.Objective: to describe a clinical case and to stress the importance of clarifying all possible allergens that can sensitize a patient with symptoms of atopic dermatitis, detected by ISAC-112 ImmunoCAP test.

The problem of interconnection between language and intercultural relations has been widely discussed by researchers worldwide. This article studies the relationships between culture and language, examining the reasons for English dominance in the world, defining the current status of its global spread, and highlighting its future perspectives as a global language in intercultural communication. The research is based on the analysis and generalisation of contemporary studies on the related topics and compares the most recent statistical data. Study results suggest that although English is not in first place, judged by the number of native speakers in the world, it is by far the most learnt foreign language in the world due to both linguistic and extralinguistic factors. As far as future global perspectives are concerned, English is likely to remain a global language in the near future, but it will probably acquire new forms and experience many changes in its syntactic, grammatical, and semantic structures. The study concludes that the use of English helps users achieve better intercultural understanding, making intercultural relations clear, productive, and timesaving. The study contributes to the development of the essence of the concept of an international language in its relation to culture, the formulation of factors for a particular language to acquire global status, the development of the notion of a lingua franca, and the promotion of intercultural understanding.

Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) affects the lymph cells or lymphocytes that make up the lymph tissue and prevents the proper maturation of the bone marrow cells. The processes through which cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals are called mechanical transitions and result in the sensation of specific cellular responses. In the present study, the functional properties of granulocytes of the patients with ALL were investigated using the in vitro mechanical stress model. The experimental part of the work was executed using blood from patients with ALL (n=30) being treated in the Hematological Department of Belgorod Region Hospital, Belgorod, Russia. The patients were in the age range of 18-45 years. Sample blood was obtained from all the patients who underwent a standard course of chemotherapy. Blood sampling was performed using a venepuncture and collected into the vacuum tubes Vacuette K3E. Blood samples from each experimental group were divided into two groups of control and experiment. The injection model of mechanical stress was used for the experiment group in vitro. Subsequently, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration increased by 1.8 times in this group, compared with the controls. Young’s module, which numerically characterizes the rigidity of the granulocytes’ plasmalemma, decreased by 54.4% (P

Aim: to study a role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (uCTD) in etiology of cervical incompetence and its effect on pregnancy and childbirth course.Material and Methods. There were enrolled 60 patients with cervical incompetence. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the modified CTD scale: group 1 - patients without uCTD (n = 21); group 2 - patients with mild uCTD (n = 25); group 3 - patients with moderate-to-severe uCTD (n = 14). Intensity of CTD clinical signs was assessed based on health status, gynecological and obstetric history, the course of pregnancy, labor and the postpartum period.Results. It was found that patients with more prominent CTD developed earlier (r-Spearman = -0.26) and more marked (r-Spearman = -0.29) cervical shortening and opening of the internal orifice of the uterus (r-Spearman = 0.28). It was also noted that likelihood of occurring preterm labor was significantly higher in patients with CTD (p = 0.02).Conclusion. The data obtained evidence that uCTD affects intensity of manifested cervical insufficiency and rate of preterm delivery.

There are many different surgical techniques for bone reconstruction. However, biological reconstruction methods are being increasingly developed. The main purpose is not only to fill up defects, but to stimulate the processes of reconstruction and regeneration of bone as a complete organ. In this report, we describe the basic principles of orthobiology and the essential orthobiological materials. A clinical case is presented where a combination of allogeneic osteoplastic materials with autologous platelet-rich plasma is used to reconstruct a cavity defect in the tibia.

The relevance of the research subject is due to global trends in financial market digitalization and new challenges of our time. The spread of globalization processes to the activities of financial organizations determines the trends in digital development of interaction with customers — in particular, growth of consumer demand for remote services in the context of a pandemic stimulates the formation of new financial and digital platforms. The article provides an analytical overview of trends in, obstacles to and prospects for the integration of financial ecosystems and marketplaces in the Russian market. The main conclusions of the work boil down to the need to apply an integrated approach when developing the rules for the functioning of financial and digital ecosystems and marketplaces, taking into account the intersectoral nature of interaction. Regulation will provide a legal framework and help to maintain competition in the market.

In this research the results of analytical studies are presented, which prove the lack of data on influence of aging process on dispersion of structural elements in ice cream with fat mass fraction of 6% or less, and experimental studies on definition of dispersion of air phase and ice crystals in milk ice cream. It was found that the process of the mix aging doesn’t significantly affect the dispersion of air phase and ice crystals in ice cream with fat mass fraction of 3%. In ice cream with fat mass fraction of 6%, made from a mix, the dispersion of the air phase increased along with the aging process, and the size of almost all air bubbles were less than 50 microns. At the same time the dispersion of ice crystals increased by no more than 10%. The decrease in dispersion of the air phase during the storage period was observed, mostly in ice cream with a fat mass fraction of 6% produced of the cured mix. The research results have the practical importance as they justify the need for the aging process in the production of ice cream with a low mass fraction of fat and determine the necessity of further research in this area.

The article considers the questions connected with the peculiarities of human resource management in the health system. The availability of a sufficient number of qualified employees is essential to the efficient operation of any system. The formation and rational use of labor resources is one of the most urgent problems of health Economics.

Introduction Rotator cuff tears is still a complex and unresolved problem, which solution requires a comprehensive approach and choosing the optimal way of treatment. Frequently, the results of surgical treatment do not satisfy both patient and surgeon. Objective Improve the results of treatment of patients with rotator cuff ruptures of the shoulder. Material and methods Results of arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff tears in 15 patients (mean age, 54 ± 4 years) with combined technique are presented. None of the cases had severe muscle atrophy of the rotator cuff (supra- and infraspinatus muscles), according to Goutallier classification less than 3 grade. All patients underwent shoulder arthroscopy with rotator cuff repair by single or double row stitching and subacromial balloon InSpace implantation. Results The mean score according UCLA scale before the operation was 16 ± 2 (13–18), the mean score 12 months after the operation was 30 ± 3 (26–35); in most cases good and excellent results were obtained. Conclusion Preliminary results characterize the proposed method as a relatively easy, law-traumatic and effective procedure for pain relief and shoulder function recovery in this group of patients.

The article reveals the essence and systematizes the advantages of financial and economic integration. In the agro-industrial complex, this kind of integration contributes to attracting investments and reducing risks for investors, increasing the competitiveness and economic growth of the region. The relevance of the study is due to insufficiently researched remains many aspects of the functioning of integrated business systems in relation to individual industries, in particular, to agroindustrial production. The aim of the article is to study theoretical approaches to the essence of financial and economic integration in agro-industrial production and analyze the mechanism of investment support for the Russian agrarian sector, taking into account financial and economic integration. In preparing the article, general scientific methods of research were used: analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison, classification. Results. The interpretation of financial and economic integration in Russian and foreign scientific publications is generalized. Distinctions of financial and economic integration are distinguished from other economic processes. The advantages of financial and economic integration for the economy and business entities are systematized. The importance of integrating industries and business entities in the agro-industrial complex, which is of strategic importance for ensuring Russia's food security, was noted. The branch structure of the agro-industrial complex is analyzed. The scheme of the integrated financial and economic mechanism in the agroindustrial complex is described. The importance of an optimal balance between cooperation and integration was underscored. The insufficiency of the methodological level of studies of agro-industrial integration is grounded. The components of the effect of financial and economic integration are considered. Positive effects of integration processes in the agroindustrial complex are presented. Conclusion: the use of different forms of integration in the agro-industrial complex clearly has a positive effect on the growth of investment support for regional agricultural production. The integrated system is the most beneficial form of cooperation between agricultural enterprises, which helps attract investment and reduces risks for investors, can increase the competitiveness and economic growth of the region.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the severity of pain syndrome and depression syndrome in women with endometriosis- associated pelvic pain. Materials and methods. The study included 100 women of reproductive age with external genital endometriosis. The study group consisted of 60 patients with pelvic pain associated with external genital endometriosis; the control group consisted of 40 women with external genital endometriosis without pain. The pelvic pain was ranked using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS); the level of depression was evaluated using the Beck scale; the anxiety was rated according to the Spielberger-Khanin questionnaire. Results. Among the 60 women in the study group, 20 patients (33.3%) had severe pain, 25 women (41.6%) had moderately severe pain, and 15 women (25.1%) had mild pain. The occurrence of depressive disorders in women with endometriosis-associated pelvic pain was 64%. Conclusion. The results suggest that the psycho-emotional status of women with external genital endometriosis-associated pelvic pain is dominated by high level of depression and anxiety, which significantly downgrades their quality of life.

Goal of the study: to investigate the structure of patients referred with the suspicion of tuberculosis to the differential diagnostics department of TB dispensary.Materials and methods. The analysis included investigation of medical documents of 990 patients admitted to the hospital in 2012-2014 with the suspicion of tuberculosis to the diagnostic department of TB dispensary.Results. No active tuberculosis had been confirmed in 506 (51.1%) patients out of 990. Out of those patients 29.4% of cases had pneumonia or other inflammatory disease, in 18.9% – post-tuberculous changes, 12.7% – lung cancer, 6.5% – respiratory tuberculosis. The time of diagnosis for each nosology without invasive methods of sample obtaining was analyzed.

Ғылыми жұмыстың негізгі мақсаты – заңды күшіне енбеген бірінші сатыдағы соттың үкімдеріне тараптардың шағымдар мен наразылық келтіру арқылы өз құқықтары мен мүдделерін апелляциялық сатыдағы сотта қорғау мәселелерін талдау. Апелляциялық сатыда шығарылған қаулылар мен үкімдердің тергеуші, анықтаушы, про- курор, судья үшін маңыздылығын ашып көрсету. Елбасы Н.Ә. Назарбаевтың 2012 жылғы 14 желтоқсандағы “Қазақстан-2050” стратегиясы: қалыптасқан мемлекеттің жаңа саяси бағыты” атты Қазақстан халқына Жолдауында көзделген соттың қызметінің маңыздылығын көрсету. Жалпы алғанда, мақалада қазіргі таңдағы қылмыстық істер бойынша апелляциялық инстанциядағы іс жүргізуде орын алған елеулі өзгерістер сипатталады. Основная цель научной работы ‒ разобрать проблемы защиты интересов и прав сторон в суде апелляционной стадии путем предъявления жалоб и претензий на не вступившие в силу судебные решения первой стадии. Раскрыть значимость вынесенных на апелляционной стадии постановлений, приговоров для следователя, прокурора, судьи. Раскрыть значимость деятельности судов в Послании Президента РК ‒ Лидера нации Н.А.Назарбаева Народу Казахстана «Стратегия «Казахстан-2050: новый политический курс состоявшегося государства»». В статье описываются последние изменения рассмотрения уголовных дел на апелляционной стадии.