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Hybrid systems are evaluated primarily on GHG reduction reliability and cost of their system. It was decided that a rural Indian village would benefit from a grid-connected hybrid PV/WT battery system, the main objective of this investigation was to find the most cost-effective sizing of the parts for non-conventional energy-based hybrid systems. Maximizing the NCEF of the system was employed as the third fitness function to accomplish this aim by using the horse herd optimization approach to minimize two other objective functions, COE and LPSP while maximizing the system's NCEF. Three scenarios were given in this report to investigate how a proposed hybrid system and the grid's capacity to sell or purchase energy from each other would affect the interplay between the two. Economically optimum solution (lowest COE), renewable energy utilization viewpoint (highest NCEF) and ecologically ideal option (lowest COE) were the three views of horse herd optimization outcomes and the overall system is simulated and tested in MATLAB/Simulink.

Modern surveillance requires a lot of human effort. The international border monitoring also requires human involvement. By using automated robot, distant location monitoring can be easily achieved. An idea is proposed to design a robot for location tracking and for security purpose. It is primarily used for location where human surveillance is not possible. The robot is commanded to reach the destined location then using the wireless camera it transmits the scene. The robot comprises of three steps namely receiving the data, going to the location, and transmitting the surrounding data through the camera. The transmitter section consists of four buttons. When the first button is pressed, the DC motor attached with the robot runs and the robot reaches the destined location. The signal comes from the transmitter reaches the receiver section and the Arduino gives the command to rotate the DC motor. After reaching the location, it starts to transmit the surrounding scene through the wireless camera placed in the robot. Based on the input command the robot reaches the destined location. The wireless transmitting camera can be used for surveillance purpose. A firearm is attached to the robot. Whenever any intruder passes the restricted place, the firearm can be used to stun the intruder. An extra button is provided in the transmitter section for firing the weapon manually. An LCD display is used to see the current location of the robot. All these components are interfaced using Arduino board.

This paper deals with the design and simulation of two stage interleaved boost converter (IBC) for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The IBC is considered as a better solution among the different DC-DC topologies for EV for reducing the current ripple, power loss and the size of the components. Traditional DC-DC boost converter (BC) is not applicable for high power applications. Use of interleaving technique minimizes the voltage stress on the switching devices and to be improving the converter performance. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software. The prototype of two stage IBC is fabricated to test the performance. Hardware results shows that the inductor power loss is minimum at a switching frequency of 5 kHz compared to that of 10 kHz. The output power at the load end is maximum for 5 kHz switching when compared with 10 kHz switching. The study shows that the operation of IBC at 5 kHz improves the performance.

Load Frequency Control is crucial for sustaining the good efficiency and performance in power systems dynamics. For a dynamic change in load, the LFC has to manage frequency steadiness in each region and tie line power flow. As there is a tremendous increase in load, Electric utility in transition to the open market scenario. This paper discusses the analysis of 2 areas LFC, bilateral market structure by integrating with Doubly- Fed Induction Generator used wind farms. In order to reduce the peak shoots, DFIG is applied to both the areas as it provides inertial control for LFC. Conventional Proportional - Integral (PI) controllers gives better control of LFC but finding optimal gain constant is difficult. The PI controller was tuned with Flower Pollination Algorithms. The proposed algorithmis evaluated based on the Integral Square Error (ISE). The Dynamic response of the system has been analyzed for both bilateral contract and contract violation conditions.

The Microgrid is a combination of the distributed generation (DG) systems that deliver power to its local networks. The DG system constitutes non-conventional sources such as wind turbine, fuel cell, battery, and Solar. By connecting microgrid to the non-linear loads, it generates harmonic current into the system, which disturbs the sinusoidal waveform and power factor. The power quality compensator is used for improvement of the reliability and efficiency of the system. In this paper, first power quality issues are analyzed by connecting loads. As the system is connected to load it disturbs the sinusoidal waveform by introducing harmonics. To reduce these harmonics, passive filters are used. But due to the certain drawbacks such as complication in design and huge size of filter shunt active power filter (SAPF) is introduced in this system. These SAPF is controlled by an instantaneous power theory, which works as on line power quality analyzer and limits THD according to the IEEE 519-1992 standard. Depending on the power requirement of the nonlinear load, the proposed control for SAPF allows balanced line with near sinusoidal current and also maintains unity power factor. The presented model is simulated in the Matlab/ simpower environment and results are validated.

Due to environmental conditions, the wind power generation is fluctuating in nature. This affects the electrical network interconnected with these systems. When the wind power generators are connected to the nonlinear loads, there is distortion in the waveform. These distortions should be within limits according to national and international guidelines framed for power quality. This paper presents a mitigation technique with a shunt active filter, which reduces harmonic distortion to the permitted limit. Sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) control scheme is used to control shunt active filter. This technique eliminates harmonic distortion and maintains unity power factor. The simulation for proposed method is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are validated.

This paper proposes a new pulse width modulation (PWM) technique to overcome the low performance of a conventional pulse width modulation control strategy for an active filter. In this design, the desired output voltage is achieved by comparing the desired reference waveform (modulating signal) with a high-frequency triangular ‘carrier waveform’. By this scheme, the voltage source inverter can be controlled by the sine pulse width modulation technique (SPWM) with the DC voltage amplitude and finally the total harmonic distortion (THD) can be reduced to the limit of IEEE harmonic standard. The performance of the SPWM technique and the harmonic limit is analyzed using Matlab-Simulink toolbox

In modern era, the tradition of non-linear loads in Electrical power system has sparked the research in power quality (PQ) concern like voltage flicker, voltage sag and swell, harmonics, etc., Among all the other concerns, one of the the majority significant of PQ problem is Harmonics .Active Power Filter (APF) is one of most challenging filter for the mitigation of harmonics. The heart of the Active power Filter is the controller part. In this study, a wide-ranging review of various controllers have been projected,Which mitigate harmonics, reactive power and unbalanced load currents originating from load side, and also the advantages and disadvantages of presented techniques are presented. The study also helps the researchers to select the optimum control strategies and power circuit configuration for APF applications.