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This article explores the methodological approaches to analyzing free radical processes in the body, particularly in relation to lipid peroxidation products (PLP). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PLP were shown to vary depending on the time and conditions of biomaterial storage, which may affect the reliability of the results. It was revealed that the optimal storage conditions include freezing (t = ‒20 °C) for the determination of ROS and diene conjugates (DC) and deep cooling (t = ‒80 °C) for malondialdehyde (MDA). For the determination of Schiff bases, the temperature of biomaterial storage was found to be non-essential. The analysis period after receiving the biomaterial was defined as follows: up to 2 h for Schiff bases, up to 24 h for ROS, up to 36 h for MDA, and up to 48 h for DC. The obtained results can be useful for further scientific research and in clinical diagnostic laboratories that perform prooxidant-antioxidant balance tests.

Background. It is known that COVID-19 can be followed by a shift in the hemostatic system towards hypercoagulation, which is more pronounced in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Tuberculosis process is often accompanied with hypercoagulation syndrome. Of great interest is the study of the state of hemostatic systems in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with concomitant DM who have had COVID-19.The aim. To study the relationship between the state of the hemostatic and fibrinolysis systems and moderate and severe COVID-19 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus.Methods. 32 patients with TB and DM were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 16 patients with TB and DM who have previously had COVID-19 (TB-DM-COVID). Group 2 included 16 patients with TB and DM who did not have COVID-19 (TB-DM).Results. It was found that TB-DM-COVID patients were more likely to develop a hypercoagulable shift compared to TB-DM patients. This was evidenced by a more frequent shortening of such indicator as activated partial thromboplastin time (43.7 % and 25.0 % of cases, respectively; χ2 = 7.22; p = 0.01), an increase in fibrinogen levels (43.7 % and 25.0%, respectively; χ2 = 7.22; p = 0.01) and D-dimer (43.7 % and 18.7 %, respectively; χ2 = 14.74; p = 0.0001). These changes were closely associated with the systemic inflammatory response, as strong and positive correlations were found between fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels (r = 0.420; p = 0.01), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.433; p = 0.01) in TB-DM-COVID patients.Conclusion. In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus after moderate and severe COVID-19, compared to patients who have not had COV ID-19, a hypercoagulable shift associated with the development of more pronounced systemic inflammation develops more often.

Стаття розкриває процес реформування пенітенціарної системи України від часу набуття незалежності до сьогодення. Наголошується, що з настанням незалежності в Україні розпочався процес відходження від радянського минулого й зародилось прагнення приєднатись до західноєвропейських цінностей та інституцій. Європейський вектор розвитку та намір інтеграції до європейської спільноти стали головними пріоритетами зовнішньої політики України. Акцентується увага на тому, що взятий Україною політичний курс на інтеграцію до європейської спільноти вимагає перетворень у різних сферах суспільних відносин. У цьому контексті важливе місце посідає реформа пенітенціарної системи України з урахуванням позитивного досвіду функціонування пенітенціарних систем країн європейської співдружності. Вступ України до Ради Європи, показав готовність нашої держави провести глобальні реформи, спрямовані на захист прав людини та зміцнення демократичних інститутів. Історичний аналіз засвідчив наслідування сучасною пенітенціарною системою України радянської моделі поводження із в’язнями, побудованої на авторитарності й тоталітаризмі. У країнах Європейського Союзу повага до людської гідності є однією з ключових цінностей. Орієнтація України на систему європейських цінностей сприятиме переосмисленню та пошуку нових шляхів до побудови у нашій державі цивілізованої пенітенціарної системи європейського зразка. В умовах сьогодення пенітенціарна система України все ще перебуває у кризовому стані та переживає ряд проблем, які насамперед пов’язані з її недофінансуванням, застарілою в’язничною інфраструктурою, неналежним рівнем медичного обслуговування, непоодинокими випадками жорстокого поводження із в’язнями, відсутністю достатньої кількості реабілітаційних програм тощо. На шляху до побудови в Україні цивілізованої пенітенціарної системи європейського зразка існує необхідність у проведенні порівняльно-правового дослідження у сфері функціонування пенітенціарних систем країн Європейського Союзу та України. Вивчення та аналіз сучасних теоретичних розробок вітчизняних і зарубіжних вчених з цієї проблематики сприятиме формулюванню конкретних пропозицій щодо вдосконалення кримінально-виконавчого законодавства України.

Aim: evaluation of long-term results of injection of botulinum toxin type A into the internal anal sphincter and performing lateral internal sphincterotomy in combination with excision of chronic anal fissure.Materials and methods. The study included 176 patients (73 (41.5 %) men and 103 (58.5 %) women) older than 18 years; randomization into the compared groups was carried out by random number generation in a computer program. Patients, researchers and surgeons were not blinded. Patients of the main group underwent fissure excision in combination with relaxation of the internal anal sphincter by botulinum toxin type A (BTA) at a dosage of 40 units, patients of the control group underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) with excision of chronic anal fissure. Long-term results of complex treatment were studied in 126 patients (54 (43 %) men and 72 (57 %) women), the median follow-up was 12.3 (12.2; 15.7) months. Statistical analysis was carried out in the program Statistica 13.3 (TIBCO Software Inc., USA).Results. In the long-term postoperative period, the indicators of mean resting anal pressure were lower in the LIS group (p = 0.04). The compared groups were comparable in terms of the level mean squeeze anal pressure (p = 0.69); however, in patients of the BTA group, the level of this indicator increased over time (p = 0.001). None of the patients of the compared groups had anal incontinence and relapse of the disease.Discussion. In the framework of the performed study, in some patients from the compared groups, spasm of the internal anal sphincter persisted throughout the observation period, and in some patients it occurred again, while no signs of relapse fissure were detected. The functional and clinical results of treatment obtained by us cast doubt on the exclusivity of the increased tone of the internal anal sphincter as the main link in the pathogenesis of chronic anal fissure in some patients and indicates the presence of other factors in combination with which the course of the disease is determined. The above facts do not exclude the possibility of recurrence of anal fissure in a more distant period of observation.Conclusion. Medical relaxation with botulinum toxin type A at a dosage of 40 units can serve as an alternative to lateral internal sphincterotomy as a method of eliminating spasm of the internal anal sphincter

The article discusses the development of international sister city relations in the 1990s — 2010s using the example of the Arkhangelsk region. The authors provide an overview of existing approaches in historiography to analyzing municipal-level international partnership relations in different regions of Russia and the world. Based on a wide range of sources, including international agreements, federal and regional regulatory acts, and reporting documentation over the past 30 years, the article pays particular attention to the region’s attempts in the 2000s — 2010s to move from exclusively social-humanitarian cooperation to developing economic ties with partner cities and regions. The real impact of sister city relations on the development of external economic ties in the region is analyzed in detail, as well as changes in the share of countries with which partner relations were established in the overall external trade turnover of the Arkhangelsk region. The authors conclude that there is currently no state regulation of the institution of sister city relations at the federal and regional levels. Such a situation creates serious difficulties for further development of this institution of public diplomacy, expanding the external economic activities of Russian regions, and spreading Russia’s “soft power” in the world.

To develop effective strategies for controlling both PM2.5 and O3 levels, it is crucial to understand their synergistic mechanisms and key precursors and the atmospheric physiochemical processes involved. In this study, a wintertime co-occurring O3 and PM2.5 pollution event in a coastal city in southeast China was investigated based on high-time-resolution measurements of criteria air pollutants and chemical compositions of PM2.5, and O3 precursors, such as NOx, HCHO, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results of this study revealed the characteristics of positively correlated PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 concentrations, and an increase in atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) during the cold seasons. Strong correlations (R2= 0.415–0.477) between HCHO, Fe, Mn, and sulfate concentrations were observed, suggesting the influence of catalyzed oxidation processes in the coastal city. Through an observation-based model (OBM) analysis coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism, version 2 (RACM2) and the Chemical Aqueous-Phase Radical Mechanism, version 3.0 (CAPRAM 3.0), we found that high concentrations of precursors (SO2 and HCHO), high relative humidity, and moderately acidic pH conditions enhanced the heterogeneous formation of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in PM2.5. Furthermore, by employing an OBM coupled to the Master Chemical Mechanism (OBM-MCM), we verified that disabling the HCHO mechanism could decrease daytime net O3 production rates by reducing the production rates of HO2 + NO. These results were consistent with the daily values of AOC, OH, HO2, and RO2 concentrations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the significance of HCHO in photochemical reactions and the formation of HMS in a coastal city.

Abstract A combination of measurements of the inclusive top-quark pair production cross-section performed by ATLAS and CMS in proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV at the LHC is presented. The cross-sections are obtained using top-quark pair decays with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state and with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 5 fb −1 at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV and about 20 fb −1 at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV for each experiment. The combined cross-sections are determined to be 178.5 ± 4.7 pb at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV and 243.3 − 5.9 + 6.0 $$ {243.3}_{-5.9}^{+6.0} $$ pb at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV with a correlation of 0.41, using a reference top-quark mass value of 172.5 GeV. The ratio of the combined cross-sections is determined to be R 8/7 = 1.363 ± 0.032. The combined measured cross-sections and their ratio agree well with theory calculations using several parton distribution function (PDF) sets. The values of the top-quark pole mass (with the strong coupling fixed at 0.118) and the strong coupling (with the top-quark pole mass fixed at 172.5 GeV) are extracted from the combined results by fitting a next-to-next-to-leading-order plus next-to-next-to-leading-log QCD prediction to the measurements. Using a version of the NNPDF3.1 PDF set containing no top-quark measurements, the results obtained are m t pole = 173.4 − 2.0 + 1.8 $$ {m}_t^{\textrm{pole}}={173.4}_{-2.0}^{+1.8} $$ GeV and α s m Z = 0.1170 − 0.0018 + 0.0021 $$ {\alpha}_{\textrm{s}}\left({m}_Z\right)={0.1170}_{-0.0018}^{+0.0021} $$ .

The authors have attempted to design and verify by means of mathematical modelling methods a model of comprehensive (medical, social and psychological) prognosis in cardiovascular disease, which would cover different aspects of patients’ disease, treatment and life functioning and would be relevant to the objectives of the treatment and rehabilitation process. A multidisciplinary set of methods was used to accomplish the aim: clinical and psychological. The study included 437 patients with coronary heart disease and/or chronic heart failure undergoing surgical treatment.Part I of the article presents the results of the first 4 stages of the study. 1) A theoretical prediction model based on existing data was developed and empirically tested on different patient populations at various stages of surgical treatment. 2) An overall information database was compiled on the basis of our own research. A total of 245 indicators were taken into account; they were expertly divided into five groups: clinical, socio-behavioural, personality characteristics, emotional state indicators, and cognitive functioning indicators. 3) The missing cells in the sampling matrix were filled in by means of mathematical modelling and neural networks. 4) An exploratory factor analysis of all characteristics in the allocated groups was performed, resulting in 24 factors: 3 in the group of clinical characteristics (“Coronary heart disease”, “Transplantation”, “Patient’s age and duration of heart failure”), 6 in the group of socio-behavioural (“Social and occupational orientation”, “Keeping a habitual lifestyle in spite of illness”, “Occupational strain”, “Lifestyle”, “Non-adherent behaviour”, “Occupational stress”), 5 in the group of personality characteristics (“Attitude towards illness”, “Motivational orientation”, “Decreased resilience”, “Irrational beliefs”, “Coping strategies and coping resources”), 4 in the group of emotional state characteristics (“Dominant emotional state and feelings”, “Quality of life and mood”, “Absence of anxiety at the moment of the study”, “Functioning in conditions of illness”), 6 in the group of characteristics of cognitive functioning (“Neuropsychological characteristics”, “Spatial–constructive thinking and pace of mental activity”, “Visual memory”, “Attention and verbal–logical thinking”, “Verbal memory”, “No significant decrease in IQ”).

Abstract In this study, CMIP6 and single model initial‐condition large ensemble (SMILE) simulations were applied to reveal possible changes in the spatial coverage (RSC) of summer extreme precipitation (≥99th percentile) in China. Four different approaches were applied to provide a comprehensive assessment of RSC changes. Results indicate that the trend of RSC in summer for the period 1961–2020 in China is underestimated by raw simulations of CMIP6 multi‐model ensembles. Further analyses suggest that the confidence in model simulations reflecting the observed change can be improved based on the two observation constraint approaches and SMILE‐based approach. In addition, the reliability of the spatial distribution can also be improved. Projection results indicate that the RSC of summer extreme precipitation increases consistently with the increment of global warming across the different approaches. Among them, the results based on observational constraints and the SMILE‐based approach show enhanced reliability and present larger RSC changes than by directly using CMIP6 ensembles. In conclusion, extreme precipitation in summer is expected to become more widespread in China as the level of global warming increases.

The management of cerebral glioma (CG) remains challenging. Recently, methods based on the study of the expression levels of miRNAs in blood plasma have proven to be promising. The volume of tumor tissue is known to correlate with increased expression levels of microRNA-21 and -210. MicroRNA-15, -16, -34, -126 and -342 are involved in the regulation of tumor proliferative potential, and microRNA-128 is involved in the regulation of metabolic activity.The aim of the study was to evaluate the extended protocol for assessing the expression of microRNA-15, -16, -21, -34, -126, -128, -210, and -342 in the plasma and saliva of CG patients.Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 24 patients with supratentorial glioma (8 men and 16 women aged 41 to 71 years, mean age: 56 years). The control group consisted of 30 volunteers. MicroRNA expression was studied in plasma and saliva according to the StemLoop-RealTime protocol, using fluorescently labeled samples with small miRNA U6 as a reference gene. Statistical analysis was carried out using nonparametric methods.Results. The lack of CG stabilization and the most probable progression of the tumor with a poor prognosis was related to an increase in microRNA-21 and -210 expression levels and decrease in microRNA-128 expression and at least four of microRNA 15, -16, -34, -126, and -342. Stabilization of CG with a high probability of progression was associated with an increase in microRNA-21 or microRNA210 expression levels, decrease in no more than three of microRNA-15, -16, -34, -126, -342 expression levels as well as decrease in microRNA-128 expression. Stabilization of the tumor with a low probability of progression was associated with a decrease in the expression of microRNA-21 and -210 and in no more than one of miRNA-15, -16, -34, -126, -342 below the reference level, with a simultaneous increase in miRNA-128 expression.Conclusion. The determination of microRNA expression in blood plasma and saliva can be one of the important criteria for assessing the prognosis of CG.

Although many considerable efforts have been done to reveal the driving factors on haze aggravation, however, the roles of aerosol liquid water (ALW) in secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) formation were mainly focused on the condition of aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) < 100 µg m−3. Based on the in situ high-resolution field observations, this work studied the decisive roles and the shifting of secondary inorganic aerosol formation mechanisms during haze aggravation, revealing the different roles of ALWC on a broader scale (∼500 µg m−3) in nitrate and sulfate formation induced by aqueous chemistry in the ammonia-rich atmosphere. The results showed that chemical domains of perturbation gas limiting the generation of secondary particulate matter presented obvious shifts from a HNO3-sensitive to a HNO3- and NH3-co-sensitive regime with the haze aggravation, indicating the powerful driving effects of ammonia in the ammonia-rich atmosphere. When ALWC < 75 µg m−3, the sulfate generation was preferentially triggered by the high ammonia utilization and then accelerated by nitrogen oxide oxidation from clean to moderate pollution stages, characterized by nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) < 0.3, sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) < 0.4, ammonia transition ratio (NTR) < 0.7 and the moral ratio of NO3-/SO42-=2:1. When ALWC > 75 µg m−3, the aqueous-phase chemistry reaction of SO2 and NH3 in ALW became the prerequisite for SIA formation driven by Henry's law in the ammonia-rich atmosphere during heavy and serious stages, characterized by high SOR (0.5–0.9), NOR (0.3–0.5) and NTR (>0.7), as well as the high moral ratio of NO3-/SO42-=1:1. A positive feedback of sulfate on nitrate production was also observed in this work due to the shift in ammonia partitioning induced by the ALWC variation during haze aggravation. It implies the target controlling of haze should not simply focus on SO2 and NO2, but more attention should be paid to gaseous precursors (e.g., SO2, NO2, NH3) and aerosol chemical constitution during different haze stages.

This article presents results of investigation of dust load and content of metals and metalloids (MMs) in the snow samples taken at the Vatinskoye oil field (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District - Yugra). Concentrations of dissolved and suspended forms of MMs in 20 samples collected in March 2021 were determined by the ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods. Eighteen elements (Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, W, and Zn) indicating various sources of emissions were selected for further analysis. Filters with a pore diameter of 0.45 μm were used to separate dissolved and suspended forms. Enrichment of the suspension with chalcophile elements (Ag, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, Pb) was noted in the background areas. Calculations of enrichment coefficients (CO) using Li as a reference element demonstrated that Cu, Mn and Ni come from natural sources (rocks and soils), while the others have a mixed natural-anthropogenic origin. It was noted also that the mass fraction of a number of metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) increases in solid-phase deposits. The metals Zn, Cu and Cr are mainly contained in snow in suspended form, and Ni - both in dissolved and suspended forms. As a result of calculations of the total Cr pollution index, most of the deposit is classified as "low, non-hazardous" pollution areas. The highest concentrations of MMs in the snow were found in the southern part of the deposit, where the main infrastructure facilities and the communications lines are concentrated, including roads, railways and pipelines. They were specified as "average, moderately dangerous" level of pollution. To determine sources of pollution, the factor analysis was applied, and as a result of which two main factors were identified: 1) the background pollution, which is indicative of deposition of Cu, Sn, Sb, Ag; 2) the anthropogenic one, corresponding to high levels of Cr, Ni, Zn. Spatial analysis of the MMs distribution showed that the deposition of Ni, Cr is associated with drilling operations, while Zn - with the presence of transport. The data obtained can be used to understand the processes of atmospheric deposition of potentially toxic metals and metalloids, as well as to assess the quality of the environment at oil and gas fields.

Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of the use of regional anesthesia for performing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.Material and methods. The study included 66 patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke (atherothrom-botic subtype according to the TOAST classification) who underwent carotid endarterectomy. The inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: acute phase of atherothrombotic ischemic stroke (first 28 days), ipsilateral symptomatic ≥ 50% stenosis of the internal carotid artery, 1-4 points neurological deficit according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), 1-13 points neurological deficit according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), size of the cerebral ischemic lesion ≤ 4 cm. This single-center prospective cohort study compared two anesthetic approaches, regional anesthesia (RA, 46 patients) and general anesthesia (GA, 20 patients). The RA techniques included ultrasound-guided superficial and deep cervical plexus blocks on the side of the surgery.Results. The study found no significant differences in the baseline patient characteristics, surgery techniques and clinical outcomes between the groups. There were no neurological or cardiovascular toxic reactions to the local anesthetics. Conversions from RA to GA were not performed. In the RA group, recurrent ipsilateral ischemic strokes, myocardial infarctions, wound hemorrhagic complications and lethal outcomes did not occur.Conclusion. This pilot study has demonstrated the safety of RA for performing CEA in patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. RA provides adequate neuromonitoring and timely intraoperative recognition of «new» ischemic complications. To compare the efficacy of RA and GA for performing CEA in patients with acute ischemic stroke, large randomized controlled trials are needed.

Introduction. Bone marrow erythroblasts produce a wide range of cytokines with opposite biological effects. This may be due to a change in the spectrum of production of immunoregulatory mediators during differentiation and small qualitative and quantitative differences in the spectrum of cytokines produced at each stage of differentiation, which may be important for the regulation of hemo- and immunopoiesis. The aim. To study the spectrum of production of mediators by erythroblasts at different stages of differentiation. Methods. Erythroblasts were obtained from CD34+ bone marrow cells of healthy donors in the presence of recombinant cytokines. Phenotype assessment was performed using flow cytometry for erythroid (CD45, CD71, CD235a, CD44) and lymphoid markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19). Blocking of erythroblast differentiation at different stages was carried out using specific blocking monoclonal antibodies to melanocortin receptors (MCR) of types 1, 2 and 5. Cytokine analysis in conditioned erythroblast media was performed using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 48-Plex Screening Panel (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). Cytokine production was analyzed using the CytokineExplore online tool. Results. The resulting erythroblasts are divided into positive and negative populations according to the CD45 marker, carry markers of erythroid cells CD71, CD235a and do not express linear markers of lymphoid cells. In type 1 MCR blockage, polychromatophilic erythroblasts predominate, in type 2 MCR blockage, basophilic erythroblasts predominate, and in type 5 MCR blockage, orthochromatophilic erythroblasts accumulate. According to the production of cytokines, it was shown that when using any of the blocking antibodies, we obtain cells that differ qualitatively and quantitatively in a number of mediators from the initial population of induced erythroblasts. Conclusion. Thus, we have shown qualitative and quantitative differences in the production of mediators by erythroblasts depending on the stage of differentiation, which can lead to different regulatory effects.

The relevance of the study is due to the monopolization of the markets for goods and services by transnational digital companies.The object of the study is the finances of the two world’s largest digital and oil companies — Meta Platforms Inc. and Saudi Arabian Oil Company.The subject of the study is economic relations in the functioning and regulation of the economic behavior of traditional and digital companies in the context of the digital transformation of existing markets and the creation of new markets for digital goods.The purpose of the study is to identify the features of development and patterns of functioning of the system of financial resources of digital companies. The methodological base of the study is based on the financial analysis of a digital and oil company, including a comparative analysis of market capitalization, financial results and balance sheets (revenue, net income, assets, liabilities), financial condition, liquidity, profitability, and a comprehensive assessment of performance. It has been established that five manufacturers of digital goods by capitalization in 2020–2022 were among the 12 world leaders and significantly strengthened their positions against the backdrop of traditional business during the pandemic. The size of the largest oil company in 2014–2020 was more significant than that of a digital company, but the gap in dynamics decreased from 7 times in 2017 to 3 times in 2020. At the same time, the liquidity of the balance sheet of a digital organization is 4–7 times higher than that of an oil company, the financial condition is absolutely stable, and independence from external creditors is the highest. The oil company’s cost-effectiveness indicators are still higher, as the digital one invests in network development and attracting new users. However, in dynamics, the oil company’s profitability has halved over the past four years.The author comes to the conclusion that in the medium term, a digital company is projected to outperform an oil company in terms of size and efficiency. For the first time in international and domestic science, it is proposed to increase normative values of liquidity and financial stability indicators of a digital company by 4–7 times higher compared to traditional organizations, which determines the scientific novelty of the study.

The purpose and ways of presenting the key dates delineating the individual stages of the life cycle of a modern scientific publication are considered. For the author who plans to publish his work in a particular journal, the most interesting dates are the dates of the preliminary stages: reviewing, proofreading, layout, etc. The key date, usually reflected in the bibliographic reference to the published work, is the year of its publication. It is necessary to distinguish between the title year appearing on the cover and in the bibliographic reference, and the actual year recorded in the output of the publication. The title and actual years in some cases may not coincide, which often leads to various misunderstandings. With the advent of the Internet, other dates are also included in the consideration, in particular, the date of application and the date of posting. The date of application is included in the bibliographic reference to indicate when the author of the publication got acquainted with the cited work, which may have been subsequently changed. The posting date is especially relevant for alive online publications, the authors of which constantly keep their work up to date, eliminating the inaccuracies noticed and, most importantly, reflecting the latest achievements in the field under consideration. Here, the reader is particularly interested in the date of posting the latest, fresh version of the publication online. In an online publication, a fresh date can be obtained “on the fly” at the place of its posting and then dynamically embedded directly into the text of the bibliographic reference presented to the reader. This significantly increases the informative value of the reference. The implementation of a dynamic posting date is analyzed for a direct hyperlink to an alive publication, for a hyperlink via a DOI obtained from Crossref, and for a hyperlink to a preprint in arXiv.org.

The study area is the forest-steppe in the Upper Ob basin located on the south of the West Siberian Plain. The results of studies of the dates of setting-up and loss of a stable snow cover and its duration are presented, the thickness of snow and snow storages for the period of maximum snow accumulation are analyzed. We used observational data obtained on routes and meteorological sites in 1966–2018 together with our own snow measurements of 2011–2019. It was found that in the southern forest-steppe, the duration of the stable snow cover presence decreases mainly as a result of its earlier destruction. At the same time, on the routes in a «field» the thickness of snow and snow storage increase due to growth of winter precipitation. But no such trend is observed on the routes in a «forest» which is explained by influence of its canopy density. The snow cover here is unevenly distributed over the territory because the driſted snow transport depends mainly on features of the vegetation cover and the terrain relief. The route snow surveys performed near weather stations do not reflect the entire landscape diversity of the territory.

Dissecting aortic aneurysm is one of the most dangerous diseases of the aorta, often leading to severe complications or death. Currently, due to the increased level of diagnosis and the speed of care for patients with aortic diseases, there is now a need to improve approaches to the treatment of this condition. This paper presents the outcomes of a technique developed at our center, Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, for selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) when performing prosthetic replacement of the aortic arch under circulatory arrest. Surgical treatment is performed on an emergency basis. During these surgeries, we focused on preventing neurological complications. Analysis of the efficacy and safety of our SACP technique shows that we obtained positive outcomes. In the analysis of 10 cases of aortic arch replacement, there was no evidence indicating the presence of any neurological complication. This technique allows for more adequate monitoring of perfusion during reconstructive interventions on the ascending aorta and aortic arch than the classical perfusion technique.

The article examines the main potential internal threats to the economic security of enterprises. The classification of threats from different areas of companies is given, based on the opinions of various authors. Different views and conclusions were studied, as well as a general conclusion was made and, based on the results of the analysis, an information table was compiled with all potential threats to economic security.

Chelidonium majus is a well-known source of biologically active compounds. Most of them are alkaloids, which are used in researches and for tradition medicine. In this study, we explored the influence of C. majus crude total extract onto blood coagulation system in vitro, primary and secondary hemostasis. Aim. To study influence of C. majus extract onto blood coagulation process. Methods. Turbidimetry of blood plasma, APTT test with chromogenic substrates, and platelet aggregation were used in the work. Results. We demonstrated moderate stimulating effect of the extract on platelets (the rate of platelet aggregation increased up to 10%, followed by disaggregation). Extract also increased the rate of platelet aggregation stimulated by 12.5 mcM of ADP. We observed the increase in the plasma clotting time in the presence of the extract, that corresponded to the 274, 411, 685, 1370 mcg of dry extract, from 70 s in control to 80, 90, 170 and 180 s, respectively, in turbidimetry test of plasma stimulated by APTT-reagent. However, APTT test with the chromogenic substrate of thrombin (S2238) did not show significant influence of this plant’s extract on thrombin activity. Conclusions. Thus, we can conclude that anticoagulant activity of Chelidonium majus extract corresponded to the direct inhibition of fibrin polymerization.

Introduction. A relevant objective of implementing the advanced systems of self-driving road construction vehicles can be accomplished by mathematical modelling. One of the important issues when creating a motion control system for a self-driving vehicle is to develop a trajectory following algorithm. The most well-known method of following the trajectory is a pure pursuit method, which is successfully used to control the movement of mobile robots.Materials and methods. Hence, the research objective has been defined and is to adapt the pure pursuit method to control an autonomous grader. To achieve the research objective, the task of a mathematical model of the motor grader movement with front steering wheels has been developed, and a mathematical model of the motor grader motion control system has been compiled. Besides, we propose an integral criterion to evaluate the efficiency of the motion control system of a unmanned grader. Some theoretical studies of the mathematical model have been carried out and the dependencies of the integral criterion on the design and operational parameters of the grader, as well as on the parameter of the control method (visibility range) have been obtained. Moreover, the optimal values of the visibility range for various values of the base length, base coefficient and machine speed have been defined according to the proposed efficiency criterion.Results. As a result of approximating the obtained optimal values, the pure pursuit method has been modified to control a self-driving motor grader, taking into account its design features and travel speed. The results obtained can be used to create the prototypes of unmanned control systems for road construction vehicles.

Aim. Analysis of inhospital and long-term outcomes of conventional carotid endarterectomy (CEA) depending on vessel suturing speed.Material and methods. The present prospective multicenter study for the period from March 1, 2017 to October 1, 2020 included 2366 patients who underwent conventional CEA with patch angioplasty. Depending on the time required to apply 1 stitch, 4 groups of patients were formed: group 1 (n=471; 19,9%) — 1 stitch per 2 seconds; group 2 (n=865; 36,5%) — 1 stitch per 3 seconds; group 3 (n=692; 29,2%) — 1 stitch per 4 seconds; group 4 (n=338; 14,3%) — 1 stitch per 5 seconds. The term "stitch" refers to two needle punctures. The follow-up postoperative period was 18,5±11,0 months.Results. There were no deaths and myocardial infarctions (MI) in the inhospital postoperative period. In group 1, anastomotic bleeding (n=93; 19,7%; p

This literature review covers the publications of Russian vascular surgeons in recent years and deals with debatable issues of carotid surgery, including: 1. What is the best technique for carotid endarterectomy (CEA)? 2. Why does restenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) develop and how to eliminate it? 3. How to operate on bilateral ICA stenosis? 4. Should carotid glomus be preserved? 5. Is CEA safe in the acute phase of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? 6. Is CEA safe in elderly patients? 7. How to operate on patients with combined internal carotid and coronary artery involvement? The evidence presented in this publication makes it possible to draw the following conclusions: 1. When choosing a CEA technique, the classical technique with patch angioplasty should be avoided due to the high risk of ICA restenosis. 2. To eliminate ICA restenosis, carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) should be used. When performing primary CEA with ICA transposition over the hypoglossal nerve, reCEA can be used 3. In the absence of contraindications, bilateral ICA stenosis can be operated at the same time using CEA. 4. CEA with carotid glomus preservation is the operation of choice in the treatment of patients with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis due to the elimination of the risks of postoperative hypertension and the formation of hemorrhagic transformation. 5. If there are indications for cerebral revascularization in the most acute period of stroke, CEA should be abandoned in favor of CAS. 6. In old age, CAS is the safest treatment strategy. 7. In the presence of a combined ICA and coronary involvement, the choice of treatment tactics should be carried out only by a multidisciplinary commission, taking into account the risk stratification of adverse cardiovascular events.

AIM OF STUDY To identify risk factors for adverse outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with HS.MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 500 patients operated on at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute from 1997 to 2020 for hypertensive intracerebral hematomas. The mean age of the patients was 53.1±12.2 years. There were 335 (67%) men and 165 (33%) women.The level of consciousness before the operation was clear in 176 (35.2%), stupor (11–14 score, GCS) — in 258 (53.6%), sopor (score 9–10, GCS) — in 38 (7.6 %), moderate coma (7–8 score, GCS) — in 10 (2%) patients, deep coma (score 6) — in 7 (1.4%) patients. ICHs were lobar in 218 (43.6%) patients, lateral in 212 (42.4%) patients, thalamic in 10 (2%) patients, mixed in 10 (2%) patients, cerebellar in 50 (10% ) patients. The average volume of ICH was 46.5±25.1 cm3, supratentorial ICH – 49.6±24.5 cm3 (from 4 to 147 cm3), subtentorial — 18.7±6.4 cm3 (from 5 to 36 cm3). The average duration of the surgical intervention was 3.3±2.6 days. The following types of operations were performed: open removal of the ICH in 271 (54.2%) patients, puncture aspiration and local fibrinolysis of the ICH in 98 (19.6%) cases, endoscopic aspiration of the ICG in 131 (26.2%) patients.RESULTS The risk factors for lethal outcome in HT surgery are the age of patients older than 50 years (χ2=13.9, p

Introduction. The widespread introduction of unmanned technologies quickly captures various industries and economies. Unmanned taxis are already moving through the streets of cities, including in our country. The introduction of unmanned technologies in the construction industry, namely in construction machines is a promising direction that will develop quite rapidly in the next few years. The construction machine closest in terms of control algorithm to an unmanned vehicle is an auto grader. One of the first stages of creating an unmanned grader is the construction of its trajectory. This paper presents methods for controlling the course of an unmanned vehicle, which can be adapted to control the grader.Materials and methods. Theoretical studies were carried out on a mathematical model of the working process of the grader, developed using the methodology of system analysis and presented by differential equations of the second order.Results. An efficiency criterion is proposed by which management methods can be compared. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presented methods, theoretical studies of the mathematical model of the working process of the grader were carried out according to the proposed efficiency criterion. The effectiveness of the copier control method for various values of the base length, base coefficient and grader speed has been confirmed. Conclusion. The proposed control methods can be used to create promising autonomous traffic control systems for graders and other road construction vehicles.

The article describes a clinical case of tuberculosis pericarditis in a patient with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. X-ray examination of the patient revealed a significant increase in the size of the heart shadow, some fluid in the pericardium up to 1 liter was visualized. The etiology of the disorder was verified by detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by pericardial fluid culture, and drug sensitivity testing of MTB was performed. Thus an effective treatment regimen was developed, tuberculosis pericarditis and disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis were cured. Echo-CG was used for diagnosis and monitoring of the course of tuberculosis pericarditis.

The article discusses the main methods of the authors for the analysis of the security and efficiency of the use of material resources. Various views and positions were studied, and a general conclusion was made, and step-by-step steps were formed for a successful analysis of material resources in the company. Also, subsequently, the main indicators and criteria for assessing the sufficiency of raw materials and their effective use were determined, the specificity of factor analysis was considered as the final aspect of the analysis.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the important markers for the development of adverse cardiovascular events after carotid endarterectomy (CEE). However, studies on this issue are based on small sample of patients and do not take into account the type of surgery as an additional factor of potentially negative impact on the course of the postoperative period.AIM: Analysis of hospital and long-term results of eversion and classical CEE with plastic surgery of the reconstruction zone with a biological patch in patients with type 2 diabetes and without it.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2020. included 5731 patients. Depending on the presence / absence of type 2 diabetes and the type of implemented CEE, 4 groups were formed: group 1 — 12.2% (n = 702) — patients with type 2 diabetes and eversion CEE; Group 2 — 55.0% (n = 3153) patients without type 2 diabetes and eversion CEE; Group 3 — 8.5% (n = 484) patients with type 2 diabetes and classical CEE; Group 4 — 24.3% (n = 1392) patients without type 2 diabetes and classical CEE. The duration of postoperative follow-up was 78.6 ± 39.2 months.RESULTS: At the long-term follow-up stage, patients with type 2 diabetes after the classical surgical technique demonstrated the highest rates of all types of complications: death (p

Aim of study. Analysis of the dynamics of resistant arterial hypertension (RAH) and the spectrum of adverse cardiovascular events in patients after classical carotid endarterectomy (CEE) with preservation of carotid body (CB) and eversion CEE with CB transection.Material and methods. This cohort, comparative, retrospective, open-label study from January 2014 to December 2020 included 761 patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) and RH lasting more than 3 years. Depending on the implemented revascularization strategy, 2 groups were formed: Group 1: 38.0% (n=289) — classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch (made of diepoxy-treated xenopericardium or synthetic); Group 2: 62% (n=472) — eversion CEE with CB transection. To study the dynamics of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the preoperative period for 4 days, and in the postoperative period, blood pressure was measured for 10 days (during the period when the patient was in intensive care - according to daily monitoring of blood pressure; in the department - 10 times per day, daily). The average SBP figures for all patients were taken into account when constructing a graph of BP fluctuations.Results. In the postoperative period, the groups were comparable in the frequency of the following events: death (group 1: 0.34% (n=1), group 2: 0.63% (n=3); p=0.98; OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.05–5.21), myocardial infarction (group 1: 0.34% (n=1), group 2: 0.84% (n=4); p=0.71; OR 0, 40; 95% CI 0.04–3.65), ischemic stroke (group 1: 0.34% (n=1), group 2: 1.27% (n=6); p=0.36; OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.03–2.25), hemorrhagic transformation (group 1: 0%, group 2: 0.84% (n=4); p=0.29; OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.009–3.35). However, in terms of the number of all complications (death + myocardial infarction + ischemic stroke + hemorrhagic transformation) presented as a combined endpoint, patients after eversion CEE with CB transection were three times superior to classical surgery (group 1: 1.03% (n=3 ), group 2: 3.60% (n=17); p=0.05; OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.08–0.9).Conclusion. The choice of a revascularization strategy in patients with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis should be personalized and based on the conclusion of a multidisciplinary consultation, and not only on the preferences of the operating surgeon. In patients with RH, it is more expedient to use classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch in view of the preservation of the CB during this operation. The intersection of the latter with eversion CEE provokes labile hypertension, progression of RAH and a statistically significant increase in the number of all unfavorable cardiovascular events. Thus, the use of carotid body preserving CEE in patients with RAH confirms the therapeutic mechanism of this manipulation in achieving the target SBP level.

The problem of comorbidity becomes especially relevant in the conditions of demographic aging of the population. In recent years the number of studies devoted to diagnostic and treatment features of comorbidities, especially in elderly and senile patients, has increased. In spite of this fact, until now there are no clear recommendations for the management of comorbidities in the therapeutic practice.The article is devoted to the presentation and discussion of a clinical case of a comorbid patient with arterial hypertension. The stages of the performed diagnostic search with verification of the clinical diagnosis and the tactics of the prescribed pharmacotherapy are presented. On the basis of the presented data it is shown that exacerbation of one of the chronic diseases of the patient’s general comorbid background may significantly increase the severity of the general pathology and in its turn will determine the prognosis and influence the treatment tactics. The complexity of this case is that the patient has chronic single kidney disease in the stage of chronic renal failure. In analysing this case, it is also important to note the difficulties in the choice of drug therapy, as this situation poses significant limitations in the use of many drugs. This is a challenge that every clinician faces on a daily basis, regardless of clinical experience and medical knowledge. Only a multilevel approach will enable comprehensive medical and social care to be organised for patients with co-morbidities with chronic diseases, provide follow-up not only during exacerbations but also during remissions, contribute to the prevention of exacerbations and complications, which will consequently improve prognosis and quality of life.

Aim. To identify predictors of rethrombosis and death in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after thrombectomy for acute lower limb ischemia.Material and methods. For the period from April 2020 to January 2022, 189 pa tients with acute arterial lower limb thrombosis and acute lower limb ischemia were included in this study. In all cases, a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 was obtained. According to chest multislice computed tomography, bilateral multisegmental pneumonia was identified as follows: 76 patients — grade 2 (25-50% of lung tissue involvement); 52 patients — grade 3 (50-75%); 61 patients — grade 4 (>75%). Breathing was carried out as follows: in 88 patients — spontaneous; in 42 — with oxygen administration by nasal cannula; 26 — non-invasive ventilation; 33 had artificial ventilation. All acute arterial thromboses developed within the hospital at 4,5±1,5 days after hospitalization. The time between the onset to diagnosis verification was 27,8±5,0 min. The revascularization strategy was established by a multidisciplinary team meeting. The interval between the development of acute ischemia symptoms and surgery was 45,9±6,3 minutes. Thrombectomy was performed according to the standard technique, under local and/or intravenous anesthesia, using 3F-7F Fogarty catheters.Results. Retrombosis developed in 80,4% of cases 6,4±5,1 hours after surgery. In 59,8% of cases, retrombectomy turned out to be ineffective and the patient underwent limb amputation. In 65,6% of patients, a death was established due to multiple organ dysfunction. Among them, limb amputation was performed in 103 patients. Binary logistic regression identified following predictors of retrombosis/ death: age over 70 years (odds ratio (OR), 30,73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 11,52-33,7), obesity (OR, 15,53; 95% CI, 6,41-78,19), diabetes (OR 14,21; 95% CI, 5,86-49,21), vasopressor support (OR 8,55; 95% CI, 4,94-17,93), mechanical ventilation (OR 7,39; 95% CI, 4,81-16,52).Conclusion. Predictors of retrombosis and death in patients with COVID-19 after lower limb arterial thrombectomy are age over 70 years, obesity, diabetes, vasopressor support, and mechanical ventilation.

Пілонідальний синус (ПС) – поширена патологія куприкової зони, що зустрічається з частотою 26 на 100 тис. осіб. Відомі методи оперативного втручання, які застосовуються для лікування ПС, супроводжуються високою кількістю ускладнень і рецидивів. Питання пошуку способів лікування ПС у дітей для зменшення кількості ускладнень і скорочення тривалості загоєння післяопераційної рани залишається актуальним. Мета – провести порівняльний аналіз лікування ПС у дітей із застосуванням шкірно-фасціальної пластики, підшивання до дна рани та ушиття рани наглухо. Матеріали та методи. Проаналізовано 90 випадків ПС у дітей, оперованих у КНП «Міська дитяча клінічна лікарня». Проведено порівняння застосування методів: шкірно-фасціальної пластики у власній модифікації, видалення синусу з наступним підшиванням країв рани до фасції та ушиття рани наглухо. Проаналізовано тривалість оперативних втручань, терміни загоєння післяопераційних ран, інтенсивність больового синдрому в післяопераційному періоді, тривалість госпіталізації та наявність ускладнень. Результати. Показник інтенсивності болю після шкірно-фасціальної пластики був на 60% нижчим на першу добу та на 70% на другу й третю добу порівняно з показниками інтенсивності болю після підшивання до фасції та після ушиття рани наглухо. Терміни загоєння були найкоротшими після шкірно-фасціальної пластики. Кількість післяопераційних ускладнень була втричі нижчою в оперованих методом шкірно-фасціальної пластики порівняно з іншими методами. Висновки. Шкірно-фасціальна пластика дає змогу зменшити інтенсивність болю на понад 60% порівняно з іншими методами та скоротити терміни загоєння рани більше ніж на 26% та 65% порівняно з групами підшивання до фасції та ушивання наглухо відповідно. У разі застосування методу видалення ПС із наступною шкірно-фасціальною пластикою в дітей кількість ускладнень зменшується втричі. Дослідження виконано відповідно до принципів Гельсінської декларації. Протокол дослідження ухвалено Локальним етичним комітетом усіх зазначених у роботі установ. На проведення досліджень отримано інформовану згоду батьків, дітей. Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.

The paper discusses problems of assessing the impact of mass attraction centers on the adjacent street and road network in the process of their functioning, expansion or conversion. The choice of criteria for assessing the organization of traffic flow, given in the Russian and foreign literature, has been substantiated, in particular, it is proposed to use v/c ratio for adjacent junction and corresponding level of traffic service (LOS). The main models for estimating capacity of signalized intersections are presented. The procedures of forming a mathematical model for estimating the load factor of signalized intersections is shown. The concepts of lane group capacity, total lost time per cycle, phase coefficients, saturation flow rate, and coefficients taking into account the decrease in the ideal saturation flow rate are explained. A mathematical model for estimating transport demand is presented, which allows to calculate the intensity of traffic flow to and from the center of mass attraction on the basis of the total traffic flow of correspondence, share of visitors in individual transport, average filling of individual transport, and coefficient of daily irregularity upon arrival and departure of visitors on an individual transport. An integrated mathematical model of loaf factor is proposed which includes parameters for estimating transport demand for centers of mass embarrassment and parameters that determine the signalized intersections capacity. The uniqueness of the integrated model is that it simultaneously involves parameters reflecting the demand and capacity of loading intersection. Recommendations are made on assessing the level of traffic service flows and the v/s ratio, based on the data of transport demand and capacity, adjacent to the centers of mass attraction of the road network. The presented method of estimating the LOS based on the capacity of the signalized intersections allows us to estimate the influence degree of mass attraction centers on the adjacent urban road network.

Objective. Determination of the role and place for laparoscopic cholecystectomy on background of COVID-19 and in postcovid period. Materials and methods. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 54 patients, suffering cholelithiasis, complicated by an acute calculous cholecystitis, who suffered or have had COVID-19 previously. Results. Duration of the disease befor hospitalization into the stationary more than 24 h was noted in 45(83,3%) patients. Destructive form of the gallbladder inflammation have appeared a typical one. Antibodies IgM and IgG for SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) and positive PCR-test, diagnostic for the viral RNA residuals was noted in 100% of the patients. Conclusion. The cholelithiasis and an acute clculous cholecystitis course in the patients, suffering COVID-19 or those who have had this disease, is accompanied by certain clinical peculiarities. Diagnosis of cholelithiasis and an acute calculous cholecystitis in the patients having COVID-19 or in a postcovid period must be rapid and precise. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy must be considered a «gold standard» as the operation for cholelithiasis and an acute calculous cholecystitis in the patients, suffering COVID-19 or in a postcovid period.

Objective. Determination of the role and place of laparoscopic appendectomy in a postcovid period. Materials and methods. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 73 patients, who have carried COVID–19. The Alvarado Scale was applied for verification of an acute appendicitis diagnosis. Results. The term of establishing of an acute appendicitis diagnosis in 87.7% of patients have constituted 6 h and more, while the term of preoperative observation – (12.7 ± 3.1) yr. Phlegmonous form of inflammation of processus vermiformis have constituted 61.4% of cases. Antibodies IgMSARSCov–2 (COVID–19) and IgGSARSCov–2 (COVID–19) were revealed in 100% of patients, suffering an acute appendicitis. Thus, laparoscopic appendectomy in the patients, who have carried COVID–19, is secure. Conclusion. The acute appendicitis course in the patients, who have carried COVID–19, owed certain clinical peculiarities. Diagnosis of an acute appendicitis in such patients must be rapid and precise. Appendectomy in patients in a postcovid period must be performed before the development of an acute appendicitis complications. Laparoscopic appendectomy in patients, who have carried COVID–19, must become a «gold standard» of operations in an acute appendicitis.

Aim. To analyze the results of thrombectomy in lower-extremity ischemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and respiratory failure of different severity.Material and methods. This retrospective, cohort, comparative study for the period from May 1, 2020 to March 1, 2022 included 305 patients with acute lower-extremity ischemia and COVID-19. Depending on the type of oxygen support, three groups of patients were formed: group 1 (n=168) — nasal oxygen insufflation; group 2 (n=92) — non-invasive ventilation (NIV); group 3 (n=45) — artificial ventilation (AV). Thrombectomy was carried out according to the standard technique using Fogarty catheters (3F-6F — depending on the vessel size). After the diagnosis was established before and after the start of surgical treatment, all patients received the following therapy: Unfractionated IV heparin infusion at an initial rate of 1000 U/r, adjusted to maintain the activated partial thromboplastin time at 2-3 times the normal value; 2. Oral acetylsalicylic acid 125 mg; 3. Analgesics.Results. Myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were not detected in the total sample. The highest number of deaths (group 1: 5,3%, n=9; group 2: 72,8%, n=67; group 3: 100%, n=45; p

Aim. To analyze the data in the available literature regarding the effect of various tillages on the development and prevalence of wheat pathogens.Discussion. According to the literature, the existing tillage technologies – classical, minimal and zero – significantly affect the development of pathogens that cause the development of wheat diseases in regions that differ in soil and climatic conditions. In Russia and other countries near and far, the issue of combating diseases of agricultural crops is dealt with by chemical, biological and agrotechnical methods. Despite the fact that agrotechnical methods are of the utmost importance in the general system of measures to protect plants from damage, for a long‐time agricultural technology as a means of plant protection was underestimated. However, many agricultural techniques, as well as genetics and selection, increase the resistance of plants to damage.Conclusion. As a result of these techniques, it is possible to create environmental conditions that will be unfavourable for the reproduction of diseases. At the present time, opinion is firmly established that separately undertaken, isolated methods cannot properly solve the problem of protecting plants from pathogens of agricultural crops. Only a set of methods combined into a system of measures provides a solid basis for plant protection. And in this system of measures, the role of agricultural practices is extremely large.

The correlation relationships between hemostatic potential parameters and concentrations of molecular markers of the hemostasis system: soluble fibrin (sf), D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen (Fg) and protein C (PC) in patients with stenosis of coronary artery 6 months after coronary angioplasty have been investigated. It was found three directions of changes in the state of the patients hemostasis system: an increasing in fibrinolytic activity (C) ~18% of patients; an increasing in coagulative activity (B) ~31% of patients; and maintaining of the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis (A) ~51% of patients. In patients with signs of stenosis without angina pectoris, a strong Pearson correlation was shown between the half-life of the clot and the overall hemostatic potential (OHP) (r = 0.75, P << 0.05), a moderate relationship between concentrations of sf and D-dimer (r = 0.67, P

Today transfection of mammalian cell with DNA or RNA construction is the only method for delivering programmed information into the cell nucleus. Electroporation is most commonly used method of transfection in experiments with dendritic cell. The aim of electroporation is to permeabilize the membrane by passing electric impulse through the cell. Due to the increase permeability of the membrane chance DNA or RNA construction getting inside into the cell is increased, wherein survival of the cells is decreased.In the study male mice C57Bl/6 line 2-4 months old were used. From femur bones was isolated 20 × 106 bone marrow cells, which were cultured in 20 mL of complete RPMI-1640 for 7 days. To generate dendritic cells from BM cells, 100 ng/mL of rmFlt3-L was added to culture media at day 0. After 7 days of cultivation, the cell cultures were electroporated with control noncoding plasmids p5 (EP P5) or pmaxCCR9 encoding mouse chemokine receptor CCR9 (EP CCR9). The controls were cell cultures electroporated without any plasmids (mock EP) and cell cultures without electroporation (none EP). 5 × 105 cells were electroporated and resting for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, cells were harvested and seeded into 24-well plates in 1 mL of culture medium and conditioning medium (1:1). Then, 50 ng/mL of Flt3-L was added to each well. The next day, transfected cells were collected and used for flow cytometry, qRT-PCR analysis.It was found that after electroporation in the groups mock EP, EP P5, EP CCR9 relative amount of live CD11c+ dendritic cells was significantly less than in the non EP group. Moreover, in the EP P5 and EP CCR9 groups the frequency of live CD11c+ dendritic cells was significantly less than in the mock EP group. Expression of the CD86 marker in the EP P5 and EP CCR9 groups was significantly higher than in the non EP and mock EP groups. Expression of the I-AB(MHCII) in the EP CCR9 group on cDC2s was significantly higher than in the non EP group. On plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional type 2 DCs (cDC2s) in the EP CCR9 group expression of CCR9 was significantly higher than in the non EP group. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of electroporation, accompanied by the decrease in the survival rate and maturation of DCs.

Gradual riparian wetland drying is increasingly sensitive to global warming and contributes to climate change. Riparian wetlands play a significant role in regulating carbon and nitrogen cycles. In this study, we analyzed the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from riparian wetlands in the Xilin River basin to understand the role of these ecosystems in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, the impact of the catchment hydrology and soil property variations on GHG emissions over time and space was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that riparian wetlands emit larger amounts of CO2 (335–2790 mgm-2h-1 in the wet season and 72–387 mgm-2h-1 in the dry season) than CH4 and N2O to the atmosphere due to high plant and soil respiration. The results also reveal clear seasonal variations and spatial patterns along the transects in the longitudinal direction. N2O emissions showed a spatiotemporal pattern similar to that of CO2 emissions. Near-stream sites were the only sources of CH4 emissions, while the other sites served as sinks for these emissions. Soil moisture content and soil temperature were the essential factors controlling GHG emissions, and abundant aboveground biomass promoted the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions. Moreover, compared to different types of grasslands, riparian wetlands were the potential hotspots of GHG emissions in the Inner Mongolian region. Degradation of downstream wetlands has reduced the soil carbon pool by approximately 60 %, decreased CO2 emissions by approximately 35 %, and converted the wetland from a CH4 and N2O source to a sink. Our study showed that anthropogenic activities have extensively changed the hydrological characteristics of the riparian wetlands and might accelerate carbon loss, which could further affect GHG emissions.

The aim of the study was to determine and analyze the most significant risk factors for developing cardiac, pulmonary and skin toxicities among patients who received concurrent radiation therapy and chemotherapy with trastuzumab.Material and methods. The study included 66 patients with histologically verified invasive intermediate or low-grade breast carcinoma, who received radiation therapy and chemotherapy with trastuzumab from 2018 to 2019. The average age of the patients was 53.1 ± 4.2 years. Locally advanced stage iii a and iii b breast cancer was the most common (52 %) followed by stage ii a and ii b cancer (36 %). The lvef of all patients was ≥50 %. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines and/or taxanes. Radiation-induced side effects were assessed using the rtog/eortc scoring criteria. Dose-volume histogram (dvh) of radiotherapy planning was matched to the quantec criteria.Results. Radiation-induced pulmonitis was observed in 2 patients within 2 to 6 months after the completion of radiation therapy. A 10 % reduction in lvef was observed in 3 patients, while a 20 % decrease in ef was not found. Long qt syndrome was observed in 3 patients, and it was accompanied by clinical manifestations in 2 patients. When evaluating the echo-cg protocols after treatment, normal lv diastolic function was recorded in 39 patients, moderate diastolic dysfunction (lv dd) in 27, and 1 patient had severe lv dd. When assessing the dose received by the lv myocardium, the excess of the average dose to the myocardium was present both on the left and on the right. Only in 16 % of cases, left myocardial irradiation met criterion v 25. Clinically, arrhythmias, unstable angina pectoris, and other manifestations of coronary artery disease were mostly observed among patients with left-sided breast cancer. Significant factors for the development of cardiotoxicity were left-sided breast cancer, previous chemotherapy with anthracyclines and/or taxanes, as well as myocardial doses. The occurrence of radiation pulmonitis did not show an obvious relationship with any factor, while the body mass index (bmi) of >30 was a significant factor for the occurrence of radiation-induced skin damage.Conclusion. The combination of radiation therapy and trastuzumab was associated with an acceptable risk of cardiotoxicity. Monitoring of the cardiovascular system parameters during treatment and detection of early signs of cardiotoxicity were shown to be of great importance.

The crystal structure of Ag8SnSe6 argyrodite, grown by the direct melting from the elemental Ag, Sn, and Se in the ampoule, was determined by the powder X-ray diffraction and shown to be the orthorhombic structure with the space group Pmn21 (no. 31). Structure data, atomic coordinates, and interatomic distances have been obtained by the Rietveld method. Lattice dynamics of Ag8SnSe6 argyrodite are studied by the Raman scattering excited at high absorbance spectral range and first-principles calculations. Based on the comparison of frequencies from results of density functional lattice dynamics calculations and polarization properties observed in the spectra the vibrational modes are assigned to the lattice eigenmodes. A satisfactory agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements is established. The SnSe4 tetrahedral groups were found to be responsible for the main (highest intensity) phonon vibration.

Aim. To analyze the incidence of thrombotic events in unvaccinated and GamCOVID-Vac-vaccinated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods. This prospective study included 316 patients (group 1) vaccinated with two doses of Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) hospitalized between November 20, 2020 and June 1, 2021 for COVID-19. Group 2 included 754 unvaccinated patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARSCoV-2.Results. During inhospital period, deaths were recorded only in unvaccinated patients (group 1 — 0%; group 2 — 10,7% (n=87); p

The peculiarities of the fight against political terrorism in the Russian Empire on the example of Ukrainian provinces in this period have been studied. In particular, the authors have analyzed historical conditions for the formation and development of various political forces of terrorist orientation, have demonstrated the basic measures on the part of state authorities and specialized law enforcement agencies on counteracting political terrorism. The emphasis has been placed on the fact that such concepts as terror and terrorism are very often interchangeable, although there is currently no their established definition. Terrorism is an attempt to pursue political interests by violent means. Terror is usually used after revolutions in order to gain complete control over society. In general, the authors have demonstrated the conditions and circumstances under which there was the transition to political attempts on various representatives of public authorities, and their motivation. It has been determined that one of the dominant motives for the transition to political terror was revenge for the repressive actions of the authorities against the populist movement during 1877-1878. Particular attention has been paid to regulatory legal documents of various levels; the authors have clarified their impact on the further fight against terrorism in the Empire; have determined the role of emergency lawmaking, such as: “On measures to protect public order and public safety”, “On the formation of military courts”, “On special measures to maintain public safety”, “Regulations on the structure of the secret police in the Empire”, etc. The authors have demonstrated the activities of specialized law enforcement agencies, without the functioning of which the fight against terrorists has not been successful. Among them were: the palace guard, the police department, the palace agency, security departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the corps of gendarmes. Their work was regulated in accordance with such documents as “Temporary Rules on the Arrangement of the Police”, “Regulations on the Gendarmerie Corps” and others.

A field-induced incommensurate spin density wave order was observed in the spin-chain material YbAlO3; however, its mechanism is not fully understood. Here, using neutron scattering and numerical calculations, the authors propose a mechanism based on multiple fermion scattering caused by weak inter-chain coupling.

The review focuses on chloride-binding structures in the proteins of bacteria, plants, viruses and animals. The structure and amino acid composition of the chloride-binding site and its role in the functioning of structural, regulatory, transport, receptor, channel proteins, transcription factors and enzymes are considered. Data on the important role of chloride-binding structures and chloride anions in the polymerization of fibrin are presented.

BCC-CSM2-HR is a high-resolution version of the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) Climate System Model (T266 in the atmosphere and 1/4∘ latitude × 1/4∘ longitude in the ocean). Its development is on the basis of the medium-resolution version BCC-CSM2-MR (T106 in the atmosphere and 1∘ latitude × 1∘ longitude in the ocean) which is the baseline for BCC participation in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). This study documents the high-resolution model, highlights major improvements in the representation of atmospheric dynamical core and physical processes. BCC-CSM2-HR is evaluated for historical climate simulations from 1950 to 2014, performed under CMIP6-prescribed historical forcing, in comparison with its previous medium-resolution version BCC-CSM2-MR. Observed global warming trends of surface air temperature from 1950 to 2014 are well captured by both BCC-CSM2-MR and BCC-CSM2-HR. Present-day basic atmospheric mean states during the period from 1995 to 2014 are then evaluated at global scale, followed by an assessment on climate variabilities in the tropics including the tropical cyclones (TCs), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. It is shown that BCC-CSM2-HR represents the global energy balance well and can realistically reproduce the main patterns of atmospheric temperature and wind, precipitation, land surface air temperature, and sea surface temperature (SST). It also improves the spatial patterns of sea ice and associated seasonal variations in both hemispheres. The bias of the double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), obvious in BCC-CSM2-MR, almost disappears in BCC-CSM2-HR. TC activity in the tropics is increased with resolution enhanced. The cycle of ENSO, the eastward propagative feature and convection intensity of MJO, and the downward propagation of QBO in BCC-CSM2-HR are all in a better agreement with observations than their counterparts in BCC-CSM2-MR. Some imperfections are, however, noted in BCC-CSM2-HR, such as the excessive cloudiness in the eastern basin of the tropical Pacific with cold SST biases and the insufficient number of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic.

The main objective of this study was to determine the place and role of neutron radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Material and Methods. Treatment outcomes were analyzed in 40 patients who were treated at Oncology Center (Chelyabinsk) and Center for Neutron Therapy (Snezhinsk) from 2005 to 2015. The median age of patients was 45 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Recurrent glioblastoma was diagnosed in 19 patients, and anaplastic astrocytoma was revealed in 21 patients. Twenty patients underwent neutron therapy alone,and 20 patients underwent combined neutronphoton radiation therapy. The median overall survival time for all patients with recurrent high-grade glioma was 50 months. The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year survival rates were 94.1 %, 77.8 % and 66.7 % respectively.Results. The median survival time after treatment for relapse was 27 months. The main prognostic factors affecting the treatment outcomes were the age of the patients, histological verification and time to relapse. The method-specific overall survival rate was significantly higher in patients who underwent combined neutron-photon radiation therapy than in patients who underwent neutron therapy alone (48 months versus 20 months, p=0.05).

Aim. To demonstrate the first Russian computer program (carotidscore.ru) for risk stratification of postoperative complications of carotid endarterectomy (CE).Material and methods. The present study is based on the analysis of a multicenter Russian database including 25812 patients after CE operated on from January 1, 2010 to April 1, 2022. The following types of CE were implemented: conventional CE with patch angioplasty — 6814 patients; eversion CE — 18998 patients. Following postoperative complications were assessed during the study: death, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), composite endpoint (death + stroke + MI).Results. During inhospital postoperative period, 0,18% of participants died, while 0,14% had MI, 0,35% — stroke. The composite endpoint was recorded in 0,68%. For each factor present in patients, a predictive coefficient was estimated. The predictive coefficient was considered as a numerical parameter reflecting the strength of the effect of each factor on the development of postoperative complications. Based on this equation, predictive coefficients were calculated for each factor present in patients in our study. The total contribution of these factors was reflected as a percentage and denoted the risk of postoperative complications with a minimum of 0% and a maximum of 100%. On the basis of obtained calculations, a CarotidSCORE program was created. Its graphical interface is based on the QT framework. It is possible not only to estimate the risk of a complication, but also to save all data about a patient in JSON format. The CarotidSCORE program contains 47 patient parameters, including clinical, demographic, anamnestic and angiographic characteristics. It makes it possible to choose one of the four CE types, which will provide an accurate stratification of the complication risk for each of them.Conclusion. CarotidSCORE (carotidscore.ru) may determine the probability of postoperative complications in patients undergoing CE.