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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune reaction mostly to wheat gluten. The diagnosis is based on clinical, serological and histological findings in patients ingesting gluten. Cases that the clinical profile indicates CD and the autoantibodies are negative bring so a dilemma for the professional, as the risk of missed the diagnosis or a delay at the same. OBJECTIVE: To show the importance of correct diagnosis of cases with seronegative celiac disease (SNCD). METHODS: Ten cases of SNCD Brazilian patients were retrospectively studied (2013 to 2019). Data of clinical complaints, autoantibodies, IgA serum levels, histological findings and HLA-DQ2/DQ-8 were compiled. Dual-X densitometry, delay at diagnosis, previous autoimmune diseases and family history of CD were also checked. RESULTS: All SNCD patients presented clinical symptoms of CD, with confirmed diagnosis by histological findings of the duodenal mucosa and HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 positivity. All patients had normal IgA levels and negative autoantibodies (IgA-anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysial). Dual-X densitometry detected osteopenia in two women and osteoporosis in two males, all with low levels of vitamin D. Delay diagnostic ranged from 1 to 19 years. Familiar occurrence of CD was reported in 40% of the cases. After one year of gluten-free diet, eight patients refer improve of symptoms, while duodenal biopsies, done in five cases, showed histological improvement. CONCLUSION: Patients who demonstrate the clinical profile of celiac disease with negative serology and normal levels of IgA, especially those who have family members with celiac disease, should be submitted to duodenal biopsies to look for histological findings.

Objective: To investigate the association between mannose-binding lectin (MBL) serum level and MBL2 polymorphisms, and the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: One hundred seventy seven women (mean age 50 years) with RA from Southern Brazil were studied and 4.5% had a history of abortion (8/177). The MBL levels were determined by ELISA. MBL2 polymorphisms in the promoter (−550H/L, −221X/Y), 5′ untranslated region (4 P/Q) and exon 1 (p.Gly54Asp: B allele, p.Arg52Cys: D allele and p.Gly57Glu: C allele; collectively labelled O) were genotyped by sequencing. Results: Mannose-binding lectin levels of RA patients ranged from ≤100 ng/mL to 6640 ng/mL (median 541.5 ng/mL). There was a significant difference in MBL median levels (100 ng/mL vs. 625 ng/mL, respectively, p = .001) and frequency of MBL deficiency (75.0% vs. 24.1%, p = .007, OR = 10.3, 95%CI = 1.9–55.4), in patients with a history of miscarriage vs those without it. Patients with RA and miscarriage had more frequently haplotypes related with low MBL levels (p = .007, OR = 10.5, 95%CI = 1.3–84) than high producers. Moreover, LYPB haplotype and O allele were significantly associated with the occurrence of miscarriage (p = .001, OR = 9.7, 95%CI = 2.4–39.1 and p = .009, OR = 5.9, 95%CI = 1.4–23.4, respectively). Conclusions: The results suggest that MBL deficiency and the presence of MBL2 gene polymorphisms that lead to MBL deficiency are risk factors for the occurrence of miscarriage in patients with RA.

OBJETIVOS: Alta prevalência de doença celíaca em pacientes com síndrome de Down tem sido descrita em vários países. No entanto, no Brasil ainda não há relatos mostrando essa associação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de doença celíaca em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down no sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Setenta e um pacientes (32 do sexo feminino e 39 masculino, 2-18 anos) provenientes de Curitiba, Brasil, foram estudados. Oitenta indivíduos (42 do sexo masculino e 38 feminino, 2-19 anos) foram utilizados como controles do estudo. Todas as amostras foram investigadas para anticorpo anti-endomísio (EmA) e anti-transglutaminase tecidual (anti-tTG). O EmA foi pesquisado através de imunofluorescência indireta usando cordão umbilical como substrato e o anti-tTG através da técnica de ELISA, utilizando transglutaminase tecidual como antígeno. As dosagens de IgA foram realizadas por turbidimetria. RESULTADOS: Cinco pacientes com síndrome de Down (7%) foram positivos para EmA-IgA, com títulos entre 1/5 e 1/80 e catorze (17,5%) para anti-tTG (21-340 unidades). Todos os pacientes positivos para EmA apresentaram simultaneamente positividade para o anti-tTG. Os achados clínicos e histológicos na mucosa intestinal confirmaram doença celíaca em quatro pacientes. O outro paciente EmA positivo não foi submetido a biópsia duodenal. Os pacientes positivos apenas para anti-tTG apresentaram valores limítrofes (< 25 unidades) e eram assintomáticos. Nenhum indivíduo do grupo controle foi positivo para EmA ou anti-tTG. Nenhuma amostra do estudo foi deficiente para IgA. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados do presente estudo mostram alta prevalência (5,6%) de doença celíaca confirmada em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down da região sul do Brasil.OBJECTIVES: High prevalence rates of celiac disease in patients with Down syndrome have been reported in several countries. However, in Brazil there are no data regarding this association. In this study we report the prevalence of celiac disease in Down syndrome children and adolescents from southern Brazil. METHODS: Seventy-one patients (32 female and 39 male, 2-18 years) from Curitiba, Brazil, were studied. Eighty young people (42 male and 38 female, 2-19 years) were used as controls. All subjects were screened for the IgA-antiendomysium antibody (EmA) and IgA anti-tecidual transglutaminase (anti-tTG). EmA was measured by an immunofluorescence assay using umbilical cord as the substrate and anti-tTG by ELISA with tecidual transglutaminase as the antigen. The total IgA serum level was determined by turbidimetry. RESULTS: Five DS patients (7%) were positive for EmA-IgA, with titers from 1/5 to 1/80 and 14 (17.5%) for anti-tTG (21-340 units). All EmA positive patients also presented anti-tTG antibodies simultaneously. Clinical and histological findings of the intestinal mucosa confirmed celiac disease diagnoses in four patients. The other EmA positive patient was asymptomatic and was not submitted to duodenal biopsy. Patients only positive for anti-tTG presented borderline values (< 25 units) and were asymptomatic. None of the controls were positive for EmA or anti-tTG. No Down syndrome patients or controls presented IgA deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate a high prevalence (5.6%) of confirmed celiac disease in Down syndrome patients from southern Brazil.

BackgroundMannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) is a key protein of the lectin pathway of complement. MASP-2 levels have been associated with different polymorphisms within MASP2 gene as well as with the risk for inflammatory disorders and infections. Despite its clinical importance, MASP-2 remains poorly investigated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn this case-control study, we measured MASP-2 serum levels in 156 RA patients, 44 patient relatives, and 100 controls from Southern Brazil, associating the results with nine MASP2 polymorphisms in all patients, 111 relatives, and 230 controls genotyped with multiplex SSP-PCR.ResultsMASP-2 levels were lower in patients than in controls and relatives (medians 181 vs. 340 or 285 ng/ml, respectively, PConclusionsIn this study, we found the first evidence that MASP-2 deficiency might play an important role in the development of RA and articular symptoms among relatives of RA patients.

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a commonly occurring systemic inflammatory auto immune disease and is believed to be associated with genetic factors. The innate immune complement protein Mannose binding lectin (MBL) and their MBL2 genetic variants are associated with different infectious and autoimmune diseases. METHODS: In a Brazilian cohort, we aim to associate the functional role of circulating MBL serum levels and MBL2 variants in clinically classified patients (n = 196) with rheumatoid arthritis including their relatives (n = 200) and ethnicity matched healthy controls (n = 200). MBL serum levels were measured by ELISA and functional MBL2 variants were genotyped by direct sequencing. RESULTS: The exon1+54 MBL2*B variant was significantly associated with an increased risk and the reconstructed haplotype MBL2*LYPB was associated with RA susceptibility. Circulating serum MBL levels were observed significantly lower in RA patients compared to their relatives and controls. No significant contribution of MBL levels were observed with respect to functional class, age at disease onset, disease duration and/or other clinical parameters such as nodules, secondary Sjögren syndrome, anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor. Differential distribution of serum MBL levels with functional MBL2 variants was observed in respective RA patients and their relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest MBL levels as a possible marker for RA susceptibility in a Brazilian population.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration. The currently most researched antibodies for its diagnosis are anti-La and anti-Ro, which, however, have low specificity in the case of SS secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The antibodies against alpha-fodrin (AF) have been proposed to diagnose SS. Objective: In the present study, we investigated the anti-AF antibody in a group of RA patients with and without secondary SS (sSS). Methods: Were studied 90 consecutive patients with RA (48.8% of them with SS), and samples of 45 healthy volunteers. Anti-AF immunoglobulin class G (IgG) and anti-AF immunoglobulin class A (IgA) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and were considered positive when >15 U/ml. Demographic, clinical, and serological data were obtained from chart reviews. Results: Anti-AF IgA was positive in 46/90 (51.1%) of the RA sample and 3/45 (6.7%) of controls (p < 0.001); anti-AF IgG was found in 21/90 (23.3%) of RA patients and none of controls (p = 0.037). Neither IgA nor IgG anti-AF antibodies showed significant difference in patients with and without sSS. Conclusion: In our study, anti-AF IgA and anti-AF IgG neither alloweded diagnosis of sSS in RA patients, nor marked any special clinical or serological finding.

Background: Anti B2-Glicoprotein 1 (B2-GPI) is an antiphospholipid antibody that may be present in primary or secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the main disease associated with secondary APS. Objective: To study the prevalence of anti B2-GPI in SLE patients. Methods: Anti B2-GPI (IgM/IgG) was studied by ELISA in 88 patients with SLE of both genders; 18.6% of which with secondary APS. Charts were reviewed for clinical and serological profile. Results: Anti B2-GPI was present in 18.6% of the whole sample and in 29.4% of those with secondary APS. At univariated analysis, the presence of anti B2-GPI was more common in patients with serositis (p=0.04), lymphocytopenia (p=0.003) and anti cardiolipin (aCl) IgM antibodies (p=0.04). In a logistic regression study, only the associations with lymphocytopenia (OR=8.2; 95%CI=2.1-39.3) and aCl IgM (p=0.04; OR=3.4; 95%CI=1.05-11.1) remained significant. Conclusion: There is a 18.6% prevalence of positive anti B2-GPI in SLE population that is associated with the presence of aCl IgM and lymphocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]