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1. Cancer cell-selective induction of mitochondrial stress and immunogenic cell death by PT-112 in human prostate cell lines

Author

R. Soler-Agesta, R. Moreno-Loshuertos, C. Y. Yim, M. T. Congenie, T. D. Ames, H. L. Johnson, F. Stossi, M. G. Mancini, M. A. Mancini, C. Ripollés-Yuba, J. Marco-Brualla, C. Junquera, R. Martínez-De-Mena, J. A. Enríquez, M. R. Price, J. Jimeno, and A. Anel

Subjects
PT-112, Prostate cancer, Immunogenic cell death, Mitochondrial stress, Autophagy, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract PT-112 is a novel immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing small molecule currently under Phase 2 clinical development, including in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), an immunologically cold and heterogeneous disease state in need of novel therapeutic approaches. PT-112 has been shown to cause ribosome biogenesis inhibition and organelle stress followed by ICD in cancer cells, culminating in anticancer immunity. In addition, clinical evidence of PT-112-driven immune effects has been observed in patient immunoprofiling. Given the unmet need for immune-based therapies in prostate cancer, along with a Phase I study (NCT#02266745) showing PT-112 activity in mCRPC patients, we investigated PT-112 effects in a panel of human prostate cancer cell lines. PT-112 demonstrated cancer cell selectivity, inhibiting cell growth and leading to cell death in prostate cancer cells without affecting the non-tumorigenic epithelial prostate cell line RWPE-1 at the concentrations tested. PT-112 also caused caspase-3 activation, as well as stress features in mitochondria including ROS generation, compromised membrane integrity, altered respiration, and morphological changes. Moreover, PT-112 induced damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) release, the first demonstration of ICD in human cancer cell lines, in addition to autophagy initiation across the panel. Taken together, PT-112 caused selective stress, growth inhibition and death in human prostate cancer cell lines. Our data provide additional insight into mitochondrial stress and ICD in response to PT-112. PT-112 anticancer immunogenicity could have clinical applications and is currently under investigation in a Phase 2 mCRPC study.

Published
2024
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2. Large scale coherent magnetohydrodynamic oscillations in a sunspot

Author

M. Stangalini, G. Verth, V. Fedun, A. A. Aldhafeeri, D. B. Jess, S. Jafarzadeh, P. H. Keys, B. Fleck, J. Terradas, M. Murabito, I. Ermolli, R. Soler, F. Giorgi, and C. D. MacBride

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Co-existence of several magnetohydrodynamic oscillations modes on the Sun were predicted earlier. Here, the authors show large-scale coherent oscillations in a sunspot, with a spectrum different than solar global acoustic oscillations, incorporating a superposition of many resonant wave modes.

Published
2022
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4. Investigación socio-ecológica a largo plazo en la Patagonia Austral: Estrategias interdisciplinarias para lograr la conservación de los recursos naturales a través de un manejo sustentable bajo escenarios de cambio global

Author

G. Martínez Pastur, P.L. Peri, M.V. Lencinas, R. Soler, H.A. Bahamonde, A.E.J. Valenzuela, J.L. Cabello, and C.B. Anderson

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Las dimensiones ecológicas, sociales, institucionales y políticas de los problemas ambientales abarcan escalas espaciales y temporales que exceden a la mayoría de las investigaciones científicas. Una alternativa que crece con el tiempo a nivel mundial es la aproximación Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) o Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research (LTSER), pero que presenta vacíos temáticos y geográficos. Uno de estos vacíos es la Argentina, sin embargo, existe una gran cantidad de experiencia para poder integrar potencialmente al país a dicha red. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el marco general de la investigación ecológica a largo plazo que se realiza en Argentina, y particularmente en la Patagonia Austral, tomamos dos líneas de trabajo como estudios de caso: (i) la ecología y conservación de los bosques nativos a través del manejo forestal y silvopastoril sostenible, y (ii) la ecología y el manejo de las invasiones biológicas. Se presenta una reseña de las investigaciones realizadas (en el pasado y al presente), sus resultados, las estrategias aplicadas en el pasado y las lecciones aprendidas. Esta reseña permite inferir acerca de la factibilidad de implementar esta aproximación en la Argentina, y que el mismo pueda ser sostenidos en el tiempo y que sea integrados entre distintas disciplinas y tomadores de decisiones. Se concluye que existe un potencial actual y grandes oportunidades a futuro para poder consolidar una red del tipo LTER/LTSER en Argentina.

Published
2016

5. Tipología de cúpulas tabicadas. Geometría y construcción en la Valencia del siglo XVIII

Author

R. Soler-Verdú and A. Soler-Estrela

Subjects
cúpula, bóveda tabicada, cáscara delgada, albañilería, patrimonio arquitectónico, Architecture, NA1-9428, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

En el contexto de las bóvedas tabicadas, destacan las cúpulas por su protagonismo arquitectónico y particularidades constructivas. La propuesta de tipos constructivos, se ha realizado a partir de una serie de cúpulas tabicadas en las que se han llevado a cabo obras de restauración, lo que ha hecho posible conocer su composición constructiva y geometría. Los resultados obtenidos permiten encuadrarlas como cáscaras extremadamente delgadas, con espesores que alcanzan límites difícilmente superables. Son representativas de centenares de cúpulas levantadas en el siglo XVIII, que tienen como epicentro difusor a la ciudad de Valencia, de acreditada experiencia en la construcción de sistemas de abovedamientos tabicados, desde finales del trescientos. No obstante, las características comunes, hacen que el estudio sea de aplicación en un amplio ámbito hispánico y en un dilatado periodo temporal desde su inicio en el siglo XVI hasta las últimas realizaciones contemporáneas.

Published
2015
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8. Thyroid metastasis as a form of clinic presentation of clear cell renal carcinoma

Author

B García García, D Morales García, JL Fernández Serrano, R Soler Humanes, and L Ocaña Willhelmi

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Resumen El carcinoma renal de células claras es el subtipo histológico más frecuente de los tumores renales, con gran capacidad de provocar metástasis a distancia, siendo el origen más frecuente de metástasis en la glándula tiroidea. Normalmente, las metástasis a este nivel se diagnostican de forma tardía, puesto que la mayoría son de pequeño tamaño y no provocan síntomas, pudiendo ser confundidas al inicio por nódulos benignos. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante estudio histológico. En cuanto al tratamiento, la cirugía suele ser de elección, salvo en casos diseminados. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 61 años intervenida de nefrectomía y suprarrenalectomía izquierda por carcinoma renal de células claras tras hallazgo incidental posthemitiroidectomia izquierda por nódulo Bethesda III con AP definitiva de metástasis tiroidea de origen renal.

Published
2022
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9. A multiscale material model for metallic powder compaction during hot isostatic pressing

Author

B. Elguezabal, J.M. Martínez-Esnaola, R. Soler, E. Paños, and J. Alkorta

Subjects
Finite element method, General Chemical Engineering, Experimental characterization, Hot isostatic pressing, Powder compaction, Mesoscopic analysis
Abstract

The prediction of the distortions during Near-Net-Shape Hot Isostatic Pressing (NNS-HIP) is an intrinsic multiscale problem where the local interactions among particles determine the macroscopic distortions taking place during the sintering and densification of a component. In this work, a multiscale approach is proposed to solve this problem. In particular, a viscoplastic constitutive model capable of predicting macroscopic contractions during a HIP process with high accuracy has been developed, implemented and validated. The macroscopic model incorporates the mechanical behaviour predicted at the meso-scale by means of multiple-particle finite element models (MP-FEM) of an agglomerate of powder particles. The model is validated through the prediction of distortions during HIP of a full scale industrial case. It is concluded that adding the microscopic information of the HIP process to simulate the contractions at the macroscopic level results in a considerable improvement of the accuracy of the predictions.

Published
2023

10. Incidental finding of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with an initial diagnosis of papillary carcinoma

Author

B García García, R Soler Humanes, JL Fernández Serrano, and LT Ocaña Wilhelmi

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Resumen El carcinoma anaplásico de tiroides es poco común (5-10% cánceres de tiroides) pero se trata de una de las neoplasias malignas más letales. Normalmente se diagnostica de forma tardía siendo en ese momento irresecable. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante estudio histológico. En cuanto al tratamiento, la combinación de cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia es la que obtiene mejores resultados. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 69 años intervenida de hemitiroidectomía izquierda por nódulo tiroideo inicialmente con PAAF de proliferación folicular y con anatomía patológica definitiva tras la exéresis de carcinoma papilar de tiroides. Se realiza cirugía totalizadora con resultado histológico de carcinoma anaplásico de tiroides.

Published
2022
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12. The Impact of 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET-CT in the Management of Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence

Author

Pablo Sopena, C. Ferrer, Ana Aliaga, Raquel Garcia, Virginia Morillo, Miguel R. Soler, María P. Rodríguez, Eduardo Ferrer, Laura Moral, and Carlos Martinez

Subjects
Biochemical recurrence, medicine.medical_specialty, Prostatectomy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, breakpoint cluster region, Urology, urologic and male genital diseases, SABR volatility model, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, Management of prostate cancer, Prostate cancer, Interquartile range, medicine, business
Abstract

Purpose: We evaluated the findings from 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET-CTs performed on patients presenting biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) and assessed its impact on staging. Methods and materials: This was a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with PCa and BCR who underwent 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET-CT in 2020. The patients were stratified into two groups: BCR after prostatectomy (PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/mL) or BCR after radiotherapy (PSA ≥ 2 ng/mL + nadir). We analyzed the lesions according to number and location. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to estimate the distribution of the variables. We calculated representative statistics for the quantitative variables including the mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range. The association between qualitative variables was examined using Chi-squared tests. Results: 40 patients with BCR were analyzed; 67.5% presented disease progression, predominantly distant recurrence (42.5%), which was found exclusively in bone; 55% presented ≤5 lesions and of these, 68.2% only presented 1 lesion. There was a change in staging in 66.7% of the cases; 17.7% received ablative treatment with stereotactic radiotherapy (SABR). Conclusions: 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET-CT represents a new way to manage patients with BCR that, in this study, resulted in a change in staging in 66.7% of cases and early identification of oligometastatic progressions in the subgroup of patients with PSA < 0.5 ng/mL.

Published
2021
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14. ¿Cambia la función sexual tras la histerectomía?

Author

C. Ángel Parra, Gaspar González de Merlo, M.C. Serna Torrijos, R. Soler García, and E. González Mirasol

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, 0302 clinical medicine, Reproductive Medicine, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Humanities
Abstract

Resumen Objetivo El posible impacto de la histerectomia sobre la funcion sexual genera ansiedad a las mujeres. Los estudios han mostrado controversia. Dada la frecuencia de esta intervencion, nuestro objetivo es saber si la funcion sexual cambia tras la misma. Material y metodos Comparamos la funcion sexual antes de la histerectomia, a los 3 meses tras la misma y a los 9 meses, de las 299 mujeres a las que se les programa dicha intervencion entre el 1 de noviembre de 2012 y el 31 de noviembre de 2014 en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete. Finalmente forman parte de nuestro estudio 166 mujeres. Se estudia la funcion sexual con el Cuestionario de Funcion Sexual de la Mujer (FSM®). Resultados Encontramos que, tras la histerectomia, la funcion sexual de la mujer mejora en algunos aspectos y no cambia en otros. Las menores de 55 anos presentan mejoria en el Deseo, en la Excitacion y en la Frecuencia de la actividad sexual, y disminucion de Problemas con la penetracion vaginal; todo esto es ya manifiesto a los 3 meses de la intervencion, sin cambios posteriores. La Ansiedad anticipatoria tambien mejora entre el tercer y noveno mes. Observamos tendencia a la mejoria en el dominio de Capacidad para disfrutar de su vida sexual en general. En mayores de 55 anos solo encontramos aumento en la Frecuencia de actividad sexual a los 9 meses de la cirugia. Conclusiones Tras la histerectomia, la funcion sexual de la mujer mejora o no cambia. La mejoria se encuentra principalmente en menores de 55 anos.

Published
2020
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15. Construction of coronal hole and active region magnetohydrostatic solutions in two dimensions: Force and energy balance

Author

J., Terradas, R., Soler, R., Oliver, P., Antolin, I., Arregui, M., Luna, I., Piantschitsch, E., Soubrié, L, Ballester J., J., Terradas, R., Soler, R., Oliver, P., Antolin, I., Arregui, M., Luna, I., Piantschitsch, E., Soubrié, and L, Ballester J.

Abstract

Coronal holes and active regions are typical magnetic structures found in the solar atmosphere. We propose several magnetohydrostatic equilibrium solutions that are representative of these structures in two dimensions. Our models include the effect of a finite plasma-$\beta$ and gravity, but the distinctive feature is that we incorporate a thermal structure with properties similar to those reported by observations. We developed a semi-analytical method to compute the equilibrium configuration. Using this method, we obtain cold and under-dense plasma structures in open magnetic fields representing coronal holes, while in closed magnetic configurations, we achieve the characteristic hot and over-dense plasma arrangements of active regions. Although coronal holes and active regions seem to be antagonistic structures, we find that they can be described using a common thermal structure that depends on the flux function. In addition to the force balance, the energy balance is included in the constructed models using an a posteriori approach. From the two-dimensional computation of thermal conduction and radiative losses in our models, we infer the required heating function to achieve energy equilibrium. We find that the temperature dependence on height is an important parameter that may prevent the system from accomplishing thermal balance at certain spatial locations. The implications of these results are discussed in detail., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2022
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21. Analysis of turbulence in fog episodes

Author

E. Terradellas, E. Ferreres, and M. R. Soler

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Many processes interact in a complex and highly non-linear way during the life cycle of fog, the turbulent transport being among them. Observations and analysis of turbulence are, then, fundamental to our understanding of the physical mechanisms involved with fog formation, evolution and dissipation. Data gathered by fast-response sonic anemometers are processed using wavelet methods in order to estimate turbulence parameters such as kinetic energy or fluxes during the successive stages of fog evolution.

Published
2008

22. La estructura de la conferencia en inglés

Author

Ana María Morra de la Peña and Lidia R. Soler

Subjects
lingüística aplicada, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, P101-410
Published
2015

24. Evaluation of two ozone air quality modelling systems

Author

S. Ortega, M. R. Soler, J. Beneito, and D. Pino

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to compare two different modelling systems and to evaluate their ability to simulate high values of ozone concentration in typical summer episodes which take place in the north of Spain near the metropolitan area of Barcelona. As the focus of the paper is the comparison of the two systems, we do not attempt to improve the agreement by adjusting the emission inventory or model parameters. The first model, or forecasting system, is made up of three modules. The first module is a mesoscale model (MASS). This provides the initial condition for the second module, which is a nonlocal boundary layer model based on the transilient turbulence scheme. The third module is a photochemical box model (OZIPR), which is applied in Eulerian and Lagrangian modes and receives suitable information from the two previous modules. The model forecast is evaluated against ground base stations during summer 2001. The second model is the MM5/UAM-V. This is a grid model designed to predict the hourly three-dimensional ozone concentration fields. The model is applied during an ozone episode that occurred between 21 and 23 June 2001. Our results reflect the good performance of the two modelling systems when they are used in a specific episode.

Published
2004

25. Pollutant vertical mixing in the nocturnal boundary layer enhanced by density currents and low-level jets: two representative case studies

Author

Bernat Jiménez-Esteve, M. R. Soler, Mireia Udina, Joan Bech, and Miriam Olid

Subjects
Pollutant, Atmospheric Science, Jet (fluid), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Turbulence, Advection, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Environmental science, Surface layer, Diffusion (business), Dispersion (water waves), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Turbulent and intermittent characteristics of the nocturnal boundary layer play an important role in determining the transport, diffusion, and storage of momentum, heat, and atmospheric pollutants. Here we use micrometeorological observations and numerical simulations to analyze two coherent turbulent structures—a density current and a low-level jet (LLJ)—that enhance mixing and intermittent turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer. We analyze in detail their impact on the distribution of simulated pollutant concentrations. The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is coupled with the Community Multiscale Air Quality photochemical model to simulate the dispersion of pollutants for the density-current and LLJ cases. The terms of the pollutant-concentration budget are then analyzed to quantify the contribution of different atmospheric processes on the net $$\hbox {NO}_2$$ and $$\hbox {O}_3$$ concentrations. The results show that the WRF model reproduces successfully the essential characteristics observed in the density-current and LLJ cases. The density-current simulation shows turbulent-mixing enhancement in the frontal zone of the density current, leading to significant vertical pollutant diffusion. Results also indicate that the LLJ is able to transport pollutants from the residual layer to the surface layer due to vertical diffusion. In both cases, the main mechanism responsible for pollutant transport is the horizontal advection.

Published
2019
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26. Enhanced Circadian Entrainment in Mice and Its Utility under Human Shiftwork Schedules

Author

Robert R Soler, Thijs J. Walbeek, Michael R. Gorman, and Elizabeth M. Harrison

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Schedule, Biology, Article, Light at night, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rhythm, phase-shift, Day length, Circadian rhythm, dim light, mouse, General Environmental Science, Health consequences, shiftwork, 030104 developmental biology, bifurcation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, sense organs, Entrainment (chronobiology), Neuroscience, flexible entrainment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, t-cycle, Sleep loss
Abstract

The circadian system is generally considered to be incapable of adjusting to rapid changes in sleep/work demands. In shiftworkers this leads to chronic circadian disruption and sleep loss, which together predict underperformance at work and negative health consequences. Two distinct experimental protocols have been proposed to increase circadian flexibility in rodents using dim light at night: rhythm bifurcation and T-cycle (i.e., day length) entrainment. Successful translation of such protocols to human shiftworkers could facilitate alignment of internal time with external demands. To assess entrainment flexibility following bifurcation and exposure to T-cycles, mice in Study 1 were repeatedly phase-shifted. Mice from experimental conditions rapidly phase-shifted their activity, while control mice showed expected transient misalignment. In Study 2 and 3, mice followed a several weeks-long intervention designed to model a modified DuPont or Continental shiftwork schedule, respectively. For both schedules, bifurcation and nocturnal dim lighting reduced circadian misalignment. Together, these studies demonstrate proof of concept that mammalian circadian systems can be rendered sufficiently flexible to adapt to multiple, rapidly changing shiftwork schedules. Flexible adaptation to exotic light-dark cycles likely relies on entrainment mechanisms that are distinct from traditional entrainment.

Published
2019

28. Adrenal cavernous hemangioma as an incidental finding after adrenalectomy

Author

B García Garcías, JL Fernández Serrano, LT Ocaña Willhelmio, R Soler Humanes, and D Morales García

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Resumen El hemangioma cavernoso suprarrenal es un tumor benigno extremadamente raro. Hasta la fecha, solo hay aproximadamente 70 casos descritos en la literatura. En la mayoría de los casos es hormonalmente silencioso. No suele provocar síntomas, por lo que suele diagnosticarse como hallazgo incidental tras realizar pruebas de imagen por otro motivo.

Published
2022
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29. Biologically Relevant Lighting: An Industry Perspective

Author

Erica Rene Voss and Robert R. Soler

Subjects
Architectural engineering, lighting, Computer science, General Neuroscience, Perspective (graphical), Opn4, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Color temperature, law.invention, LED lamp, Light intensity, circadian, Electric light, law, Perspective, social jet lag, melanopsin, Built environment, RC321-571, Neuroscience, Hue, Efficient energy use
Abstract

Innovations in LED lighting technology have led to tremendous adoption rates and vastly improved the metrics by which they are traditionally evaluated–including color quality, longevity, and energy efficiency to name a few. Additionally, scientific insight has broadened with respect to the biological impact of light, specifically our circadian rhythm. Indoor electric lighting, despite its many attributes, fails to specifically address the biological responses to light. Traditional electric lighting environments are biologically too dim during the day, too bright at night, and with many people spending much of their lives in these environments, it can lead to circadian dysfunction. The lighting industry’s biological solution has been to create bluer days and yellower nights, but the technology created to do so caters primarily to the cones. A better call to action is to provide biologically brighter days and biologically darker nights within the built environment. However, current lighting design practices have specified the comfort and utility of electric light. Brighter intensity during the day can often be uncomfortable or glary, and reduced light intensity at night may compromise visual comfort and safety, both of which will affect user compliance. No single lighting solution will effectively create biologically brighter days and biologically darker nights, but rather a variety of parameters need to be considered. This paper discusses the contributions of spectral power distribution, hue or color temperature, spatial distribution, as well as architectural geometry and surface reflectivity, to achieve biologically relevant lighting.

Published
2021
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31. Pollutant transport in coastal areas with and without background wind

Author

J. Camps, J. Massons, M. R. Soler, and E. C. Nickerson

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

A three-dimensional meteorological model and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model are used to study the effects of a uniform large-scale wind on the dispersion of a non-reactive pollutant in a coastal region with complex terrain. Simulations are carried out both with and without a background wind. A comparison between model results and measured data (wind and pollutant concentrations) indicates that the coupled model system provides a useful mechanism for analyzing pollutant dispersion in coastal regions.

Published
1997
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32. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Author

D. KLIONSKY, A. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, M. ABILDGAARD, Y. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, I. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, T. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, B. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, J. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, P. AGUILAR, S. AHMAD, Z. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, H. AKPINAR, A. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, M. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GOMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, M. AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, G. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, D. ALTIERI, S. ALVES, C. DA COSTA, M. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, A. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, S. ANDERSEN, S. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, A. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, U. ANOZIE, M. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTON, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, W. ARAUJO, J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, M. AREVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, J. ARIKKATH, H. ARIMOTO, A. ARIOSA, D. ARMSTRONG-JAMES, L. ARNAUNE-PELLOQUIN, A. AROCA, D. ARROYO, I. ARSOV, R. ARTERO, D. ASARO, M. ASCHNER, M. ASHRAFIZADEH, O. ASHUR-FABIAN, A. ATANASOV, A. AU, P. AUBERGER, H. AUNER, L. AURELIAN, R. AUTELLI, L. AVAGLIANO, Y. AVALOS, S. AVEIC, C. AVELEIRA, T. AVINWITTENBERG, Y. AYDIN, S. AYTON, S. AYYADEVARA, M. AZZOPARDI, M. BABA, J. BACKER, S. BACKUES, D. BAE, O. BAE, S. BAE, E. BAEHRECKE, A. BAEK, S. BAEK, G. BAGETTA, A. BAGNIEWSKA-ZADWORNA, H. BAI, J. BAI, X. BAI, Y. BAI, N. BAIRAGI, S. BAKSI, T. BALBI, C. BALDARI, W. BALDUINI, A. BALLABIO, M. BALLESTER, S. BALAZADEH, R. BALZAN, R. BANDOPADHYAY, S. BANERJEE, Y. BAO, M. BAPTISTA, A. BARACCA, C. BARBATI, A. BARGIELA, D. BARILA, P. BARLOW, S. BARMADA, E. BARREIRO, G. BARRETO, J. BARTEK, B. BARTEL, A. BARTOLOME, G. BARVE, S. BASAGOUDANAVAR, D. BASSHAM, R. JR, A. BASU, H. BATOKO, I. BATTEN, E. BAULIEU, B. BAUMGARNER, J. BAYRY, R. BEALE, I. BEAU, F. BEAUMATIN, L. BECHARA, G. BECK, M. BEERS, J. BEGUN, C. BEHRENDS, G. BEHRENS, R. BEI, E. BEJARANO, S. BEL, C. BEHL, A. BELAID, N. BELGAREH-TOUZE, C. BELLAROSA, F. BELLEUDI, M. PEREZ, R. BELLO-MORALES, J. BELTRAN, S. BELTRAN, D. BENBROOK, M. BENDORIUS, B. BENITEZ, I. BENITO-CUESTA, J. BENSALEM, M. BERCHTOLD, S. BEREZOWSKA, D. BERGAMASCHI, M. BERGAMI, A. BERGMANN, L. BERLIOCCHI, C. BERLIOZ-TORRENT, A. BERNARD, L. BERTHOUX, C. BESIRLI, S. BESTEIRO, V. BETIN, R. BEYAERT, J. BEZBRADICA, K. BHASKAR, I. BHATIA-KISSOVA, R. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYYA, M. BHUIYAN, S. BHUTIA, L. BI, X. BI, T. BIDEN, K. BIJIAN, V. BILLES, N. BINART, C. BINCOLETTO, A. BIRGISDOTTIR, G. BJORKOY, G. BLANCO, A. BLAS-GARCIA, J. BLASIAK, R. BLOMGRAN, K. BLOMGREN, J. BLUM, E. BOADA-ROMERO, M. BOBAN, K. BOESZEBATTAGLIA, P. BOEUF, B. BOLAND, P. BOMONT, P. BONALDO, S. BONAM, L. BONFILI, J. BONIFACINO, B. BOONE, M. BOOTMAN, M. BORDI, C. BORNER, B. BORNHAUSER, G. BORTHAKUR, J. BOSCH, S. BOSE, L. BOTANA, J. BOTAS, C. BOULANGER, M. BOULTON, M. 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SKENDROS, A. SKIRYCZ, I. SLANINOVA, S. SMAILI, A. SMERTENKO, M. SMITH, S. SOENEN, E. SOHN, S. SOK, G. SOLAINI, T. SOLDATI, S. SOLEIMANPOUR, R. SOLER, A. SOLOVCHENKO, J. SOMARELLI, A. SONAWANE, F. SONG, H. SONG, J. SONG, K. SONG, Z. SONG, L. SORIA, M. SORICE, A. SOUKAS, S. SOUKUP, D. SOUSA, N. SOUSA, P. SPAGNUOLO, S. SPECTOR, M. BHARATH, D. ST CLAIR, V. STAGNI, L. STAIANO, C. STALNECKER, M. STANKOV, P. STATHOPULOS, K. STEFAN, S. STEFAN, L. STEFANIS, J. STEFFAN, A. STEINKASSERER, H. STENMARK, J. STERNECKERT, C. STEVENS, V. STOKA, S. STORCH, B. STORK, F. STRAPPAZZON, A. STROHECKER, D. STUPACK, H. SU, L. SU, A. SUAREZFONTES, C. SUBAUSTE, S. SUBBIAN, P. SUBIRADA, G. SUDHANDIRAN, C. SUE, X. SUI, C. SUMMERS, G. SUN, J. SUN, K. SUN, M. SUN, Q. SUN, Y. SUN, Z. SUN, K. SUNAHARA, E. SUNDBERG, K. SUSZTAK, P. SUTOVSKY, H. SUZUKI, G. SWEENEY, J. SYMONS, S. SZE, N. SZEWCZYK, C. TABOLACCI, F. TACKE, H. TAEGTMEYER, M. TAFANI, M. TAGAYA, H. TAI, S. TAIT, Y. TAKAHASHI, S. TAKATS, P. TALWAR, C. TAM, S. TAM, D. TAMPELLINI, A. TAMURA, C. TAN, E. TAN, Y. TAN, M. TANAKA, D. TANG, J. TANG, T. TANG, I. TANIDA, Z. TAO, M. TAOUIS, L. TATENHORST, N. TAVERNARAKIS, A. TAYLOR, G. TAYLOR, J. TAYLOR, E. TCHETINA, A. TEE, I. TEGEDER, D. TEIS, N. TEIXEIRA, F. TEIXEIRA-CLERC, K. TEKIRDAG, T. TENCOMNAO, S. TENREIRO, A. TEPIKIN, P. TESTILLANO, G. TETTAMANTI, P. THARAUX, K. THEDIECK, A. THEKKINGHAT, S. THELLUNG, J. THINWA, V. THIRUMALAIKUMAR, S. THOMAS, P. THOMES, A. THORBURN, L. THUKRAL, T. THUM, M. THUMM, L. TIAN, A. TICHY, A. TILL, V. TIMMERMAN, V. TITORENKO, S. TODI, K. TODOROVA, J. TOIVONEN, L. TOMAIPITINCA, D. TOMAR, C. TOMAS-ZAPICO, B. TONG, C. TONG, X. TONG, S. TOOZE, M. TORGERSEN, S. TORII, L. TORRES-LOPEZ, A. TORRIGLIA, C. TOWERS, R. TOWNS, S. TOYOKUNI, V. TRAJKOVIC, D. TRAMONTANO, Q. TRAN, L. TRAVASSOS, C. TRELFORD, S. TREMEL, I. TROUGAKOS, B. TSAO, M. TSCHAN, H. TSE, T. TSE, H. TSUGAWA, A. TSVETKOV, D. TUMBARELLO, Y. TUMTAS, M. TUNON, S. TURCOTTE, B. TURK, V. TURK, B. TURNER, R. TUXWORTH, J. TYLER, E. TYUTEREVA, Y. UCHIYAMA, A. UGUNKLUSEK, H. UHLIG, I. ULASOV, M. UMEKAWA, C. UNGERMANN, R. UNNO, S. URBE, E. URIBE-CARRETERO, S. USTUN, V. UVERSKY, T. VACCARI, M. VACCARO, B. VAHSEN, H. VAKIFAHMETOGLU-NORBERG, R. VALDOR, M. VALENTE, A. VALKO, R. VALLEE, A. VALVERDE, G. VAN DEN BERGHE, S. VAN DER VEEN, L. VAN KAER, J. VAN LOOSDREGT, S. VAN WIJK, W. VANDENBERGHE, I. VANHOREBEEK, M. VANNIER-SANTOS, N. VANNINI, M. VANRELL, C. VANTAGGIATO, G. VARANO, I. VARELA-NIETO, M. VARGA, M. VASCONCELOS, S. VATS, D. VAVVAS, I. VEGANAREDO, S. VEGA-RUBIN-DE-CELIS, G. VELASCO, A. VELAZQUEZ, T. VELLAI, E. VELLENGA, F. VELOTTI, M. VERDIER, P. VERGINIS, I. VERGNE, P. VERKADE, M. VERMA, P. VERSTREKEN, T. VERVLIET, J. VERVOORTS, A. VESSONI, V. VICTOR, M. VIDAL, C. VIDONI, O. VIEIRA, R. VIERSTRA, S. VIGANO, H. VIHINEN, V. VIJAYAN, M. VILA, M. VILAR, J. VILLALBA, A. VILLALOBO, B. VILLAREJO-ZORI, F. VILLARROYA, J. VILLARROYA, O. VINCENT, C. VINDIS, C. VIRET, M. VISCOMI, D. VISNJIC, I. VITALE, D. VOCADLO, O. VOITSEKHOVSKAJA, C. VOLONTE, M. VOLTA, M. VOMERO, C. VON HAEFEN, M. VOOIJS, W. VOOS, L. VUCICEVIC, R. WADE-MARTINS, S. WAGURI, K. WAITE, S. WAKATSUKI, D. WALKER, M. WALKER, S. WALKER, J. WALTER, F. WANDOSELL, B. WANG, C. WANG, D. WANG, F. WANG, G. WANG, H. WANG, J. WANG, K. WANG, L. WANG, M. WANG, N. WANG, P. WANG, Q. WANG, W. WANG, X. WANG, Y. WANG, Z. WANG, G. WARNES, V. WARNSMANN, H. WATADA, E. WATANABE, M. WATCHON, T. WEAVER, G. WEGRZYN, A. WEHMAN, H. WEI, L. WEI, T. WEI, Y. WEI, O. WEIERGRABER, C. WEIHL, G. WEINDL, R. WEISKIRCHEN, A. WELLS, R. WEN, X. WEN, A. WERNER, B. WEYKOPF, S. WHEATLEY, J. WHITTON, A. WHITWORTH, K. WIKTORSKA, M. WILDENBERG, T. WILEMAN, S. WILKINSON, D. WILLBOLD, B. WILLIAMS, R. WILLIAMS, P. WILLIAMSON, R. WILSON, B. WINNER, N. WINSOR, S. WITKIN, H. WODRICH, U. WOEHLBIER, T. WOLLERT, E. WONG, J. WONG, R. WONG, V. WONG, W. WONG, A. WU, C. WU, J. WU, K. WU, M. WU, S. WU, W. WU, X. WU, Y. WU, R. XAVIER, H. XIA, L. XIA, Z. XIA, G. XIANG, J. XIANG, M. XIANG, W. XIANG, B. XIAO, G. XIAO, H. XIAO, J. XIAO, L. XIAO, S. XIAO, Y. XIAO, B. XIE, C. XIE, M. XIE, Y. XIE, Z. XIE, M. XILOURI, C. XU, E. XU, H. XU, J. XU, L. XU, W. XU, X. XU, Y. XUE, S. YAKHINE-DIOP, M. YAMAGUCHI, O. YAMAGUCHI, A. YAMAMOTO, S. YAMASHINA, S. YAN, Z. YAN, Y. YANAGI, C. YANG, D. YANG, H. YANG, J. YANG, L. YANG, M. YANG, P. YANG, Q. YANG, S. YANG, W. YANG, X. YANG, Y. YANG, H. YAO, S. YAO, X. YAO, Y. YAO, T. YASUI, M. YAZDANKHAH, P. YEN, C. YI, X. YIN, Y. YIN, Z. YIN, M. YING, Z. YING, C. YIP, S. YIU, Y. YOO, K. YOSHIDA, S. YOSHII, T. YOSHIMORI, B. YOUSEFI, B. YU, H. YU, J. YU, L. YU, M. YU, S. YU, V. YU, W. YU, Z. YU, J. YUAN, L. YUAN, S. YUAN, Y. YUAN, Z. YUAN, J. YUE, Z. YUE, J. YUN, R. YUNG, D. ZACKS, G. ZAFFAGNINI, V. ZAMBELLI, I. ZANELLA, Q. ZANG, S. ZANIVAN, S. ZAPPAVIGNA, P. ZARAGOZA, K. ZARBALIS, A. ZAREBKOHAN, A. ZARROUK, S. ZEITLIN, J. ZENG, E. ZEROVNIK, L. ZHAN, B. ZHANG, D. ZHANG, H. ZHANG, J. ZHANG, K. ZHANG, L. ZHANG, M. ZHANG, P. ZHANG, S. ZHANG, W. ZHANG, X. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, Z. ZHANG, H. ZHAO, L. ZHAO, S. ZHAO, T. ZHAO, X. ZHAO, Y. ZHAO, G. ZHENG, K. ZHENG, L. ZHENG, S. ZHENG, X. ZHENG, Y. ZHENG, Z. ZHENG, B. ZHIVOTOVSKY, Q. ZHONG, A. ZHOU, B. ZHOU, C. ZHOU, G. ZHOU, H. ZHOU, J. ZHOU, K. ZHOU, R. ZHOU, X. ZHOU, Y. ZHOU, Z. ZHOU, B. ZHU, C. ZHU, G. ZHU, H. ZHU, W. ZHU, Y. ZHU, H. ZHUANG, X. ZHUANG, K. ZIENTARA-RYTTER, C. ZIMMERMANN, E. ZIVIANI, T. ZOLADEK, W. ZONG, D. ZOROV, A. ZORZANO, W. ZOU, Z. ZOU, S. ZURYN, W. ZWERSCHKE, B. BRAND-SABERI, C. KENCHAPPA, S. OSHIMA, Y. RONG, J. SLUIMER, and C. STALLINGS

Subjects
flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, stress, vacuole, Autophagosome, LC3, lysosome, neurodegeneration, cancer
Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

34. Influence of Wettability and Flow Rate Changes in the Mass Transfer for Simulation of Fractured Reservoirs

Author

Eddy Ruidiaz, Sharon A. R. Soler, Erika Tomie Koroishi, Luís Fernando Lamas, Osvair Vidal Trevisan, Fernando Perin Munerato, Rafael Valladares De Almeida, and Markus Gruenwalder

Subjects
020401 chemical engineering, Mass transfer, Imbibition, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Wetting, 0204 chemical engineering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Volumetric flow rate
Abstract

An accurate understanding of the matrix-fracture mass transfer is fundamental to the modeling of fractured reservoirs. Nevertheless, the difficulty in an appropriate representation of this process comes from the fact that matrix and fracture interact in a particular manner depending on physical mechanisms as capillary imbibition. Capillary imbibition is considered through wettability in several mass transfer formulations (also called transfer functions) as the main mass driving force between matrix and fracture. This paper provides simulation results of waterflooding in two different scales of fractured models: Core plug models and extended models (a quarter of 5-spot), aiming to evaluate the influence of wettability and flow rate alteration on the matrix-fracture mass transfer. The methodology applied is based on sensitivity analyzes of wettability and flow rates scenarios, comparing parameters involved in matrix-fracture mass transfer: capillary continuity, fluid transfer rate, and hydraulic conductivity of the fracture system. The methodology is divided into three main parts. Initially, single-porosity models with an induced longitudinally fracture at laboratory scale are simulated, to obtain accurate models in terms of representative responses for wettability and flow rate changes. Secondly, dual-porosity/permeability models are constructed also at laboratory scale to analyze and compare answers to mass transfer. As a third stage, extended models are created attempting to analyze the impacts of sensitivity parameters of mass transfer on a larger scale. Results show that the increase of rock preference for water leads to highest oil recovery factors at low and high-water injection rates, benefiting mainly from the water spontaneous imbibition. Notably, the spontaneous imbibition in these cases is more considerable in low-rate scenarios, due to its larger contact time with water and rock. However, the increment on production may not be economically feasible, because of the long time (high pore volumes injected) needed to get this increase. In contrast, intermediate and oil-wet scenarios exhibit low oil sweep and displacement efficiency at low and high-water injection rates. Accordingly, these scenarios reach water breakthrough quickly and exhibit a less accentuated tendency to water saturation alterations if compared with a water-wet scenario. Results from single-porosity models show a good agreement between the water saturation distributions along the length and the effect of the induced fracture, validating its use. Results also reflect the effects of the fractured porous media formulations at both model scales as well as the effects of the shape-factors. In a numerical simulation study, this work shows the importance of close interaction between the wettability, flow rate changes, and the parameters that control matrix-fracture mass transfer. At last, the significance of these sensitive parameters is also demonstrated.

Published
2020
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37. Definition of wind blowers for vehicles testing at chassis-dyno facilities using a CFD approach

Author

R. Soler, Alberto Broatch, Eduardo Galindo, X. Margot, and A. Gil

Subjects
Engineering, Chassis, Pollutant emissions, 020209 energy, Airflow, Transportation, 02 engineering and technology, Computational fluid dynamics, Automotive engineering, On-road fluid field, RDE testing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Environmental Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, Friction vehicle testing, business.industry, Chassis dyno, INGENIERIA AEROESPACIAL, Flow field, Flow conditions, MAQUINAS Y MOTORES TERMICOS, Test room, Fuel efficiency, Wind blower, business
Abstract

[EN] The need to increase measurement accuracy of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in vehicles is forcing the market to develop chassis-dyno test cells that reproduce on-road conditions realistically. Air-cooling is key to vehicle performance. It is therefore critical that the design of a test cell guarantees realistic cooling of all vehicle components, as important errors in fuel consumption and emissions measurements may otherwise arise. In a test-room, a blower placed in front of the vehicle supplies the cooling air. While there are some guidelines in the literature for the selection of fans required for emissions measurements for standard driving cycles, the information for designing the air supply system for specific tests in other areas is scarce. New Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation will force manufacturers to perform onroad measurements of pollutants. This represents a significant challenge due to the variability of conditions coming from non-controlled parameters. In order to optimize vehicles, different tests are performed in cells equipped with a chassis-dyno where the on-road flow field around the vehicle is reproduced as closely as possible. This work provides some guidelines for the definition of the airflow supply system of chassis-dyno facilities for vehicle optimization tests, based on a CFD analysis of the flow characteristics around the vehicle. By comparison with the solution obtained for a vehicle in real road driving conditions, the exit section of the blower and the distance between the blower exit and the car that best reproduce realistic on-road flow conditions in a test room are determined. 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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40. Polytetrafluoroethylene versus polypropylene mesh during laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of inguinal hernia: short- and long-term results of a double-blind clinical randomized controlled trial

Author

Andrea Balla, J R Soler Frías, Isaias Alarcón, J Bellido Luque, Antonio Barranco, and Salvador Morales-Conde

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Visual analogue scale, medicine.medical_treatment, Testicular pain, Hernia, Inguinal, 030230 surgery, LP-PTFE, Polypropylenes, law.invention, Postoperative pain, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SP-PPL, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Recurrence, Polytetrafluorethylene, medicine, Humans, Hernia, Inguinal hernia, Mesh, Polypropylene, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Herniorrhaphy, Aged, Pain, Postoperative, business.industry, Middle Aged, Surgical Mesh, medicine.disease, Hernia repair, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mann–Whitney U test, Female, Laparoscopy, medicine.symptom, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

Aim of the study is to compare macroporous (> 1 mm2) polytetrafluoroethylene mesh (LP-PTFE) versus microporous (

Published
2020

41. Intense pulsed light: results in chronic dry eye syndrome after LASIK

Author

G, Fuentes Páez, J R, Soler Tomas, and S, Burillo

Subjects
Adult, Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Chronic Disease, Intense Pulsed Light Therapy, Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ, Humans, Dry Eye Syndromes, Middle Aged, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

A report is presented on the visual and clinical results from a retrospective case series of patients with chronic, evaporative, dry eye syndrome (DES), after refractive surgery, and treated with intense pulsed light treatment (IPL). Four sessions were performed, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was completed before initiating treatment and after the last session. Pre- and post-treatment data included: visual acuity (VA), refraction, clinical evaluation (DEWS severity grading, and Oxford corneal staining), and Orbscan topography. Twenty eyes were treated and the following data recorded: SchirmerI 14.7±5.6; 15.6±3.4mm, tear breakup time (TBUT) 3.4±1.6; 5.1±1.2s (P.003), DEWS 3.4±0.5; 1.6±0.7 (P.003), Oxford grade 0.8±0.77; 0.4±0.75 (P.003), VA 0.67±0.26; 0.90±0.15 (P.0001), best corrected VA 0.83±0.18; 0.92±0.14 (P.003), spherical equivalent -0.31±0.6; -0.08±0.38D (P.003), OSDI 34±16; 28±11.0 points (P.003), frequency artificial tear use 3.4±2.0; 2.5±1.9 times/day (P.03). A significant clinical and visual improvement was observed, together with a decreased frequency in artificial tear use, in LASIK patients with chronic DES after IPL treatment.

Published
2019

42. Wettability and Flow Rate Effects on Mass Transfer for Simulation of Fractured Reservoirs

Author

Sharon A. R. Soler

Subjects
Materials science, Mass transfer, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Wetting, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Volumetric flow rate
Abstract

Successful implementation of a recovery project in a fractured reservoir requires that the matrix fracture mass transfer is well understood. As a consequence, several processes involved in the mass transfer have been widely studied along time on account of its impact on the fractured porous media. Capillary imbibition is one of these significant phenomena and is considered through wettability in several mass transfer formulations (also called transfer functions) as the main mass driving force between matrix and fracture. This paper presents simulated results of waterflooding tests in a fractured core-plug model, evaluating the influence of wettability and flow rate alteration on the matrix-fracture mass transfer. The methodology applied is divided into three main parts. Initially, a single-porosity core model with an induced longitudinally fracture at laboratory scale is recreated. Secondly, three synthetically wettability scenarios (water-wet, intermediate-wet, and oil-wet) and two flow rates (0.1 and 1 cm³/min) are selected and applied in the core-plug model to perform, as a third step, a sensitivity analysis in terms of oil recovery factor, water cut and water saturation. Results show that the increase of rock preference for water leads to the highest oil recovery factors at low and high-water injection rate, benefiting mainly from the spontaneous imbibition of water. The spontaneous imbibition in these cases is notably critical in the low-rate scenario, due to its larger contact time with water and rock. However, the increment on production may not be economically feasible, because of the long time (high injected pore volumes) needed to get this increase. In contrast, intermediate and oil-wet scenarios exhibit low oil sweep and displacement efficiency at both water injection rates. Accordingly, these scenarios reach water breakthrough quickly and exhibit a less accentuated tendency to water saturation alterations if compared with the water-wet scenario. Results also show a good agreement between the water saturation distributions along the length and the effect of the induced fracture, validating its use. In a numerical simulation study, this work shows the importance of close interaction between the wettability, flow rate changes, and the parameters that control matrix-fracture mass transfer. At last, the significance of these sensitive parameters is also demonstrated.

Published
2019
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43. Nocturnal boundary layer turbulence regimes analysis during the BLLAST campaign

Author

Marie Lothon, Joan Bech, M. R. Soler, Mireia Udina, Erik Nilsson, Jesús Yus-Díez, Jielun Sun, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Astronomy and Meteorology [Barcelona] (DAM), University of Barcelona, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Stable boundary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning, Sunset, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric boundary layer, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, 010305 fluids & plasmas, lcsh:Chemistry, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 0103 physical sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Orographic lift, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Gravitational wave, Turbulence, Orography, lcsh:QC1-999, Boundary layer, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, lcsh:Physics, Geology
Abstract

A night-time turbulence regime classification, the so-called "HOckey-Stick Transition " (HOST) theory, proposed by Sun et al. (2012) from the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) is explored using data from the Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) field campaign which took place during summer 2011 in the central French Pyrenean foothills. Results show that the HOST turbulence relationships for the BLLAST field campaign data are strongly dependent on both the meteorological and orographic features. The HOST pattern only appears for nights when a stably stratified boundary layer can be developed, corresponding to fair-weather and clear-sky nights, when the flow is generated by the nearby orography, from the south and the south-east. Those flows strongly influenced by the orography may generate intermittent or enhanced turbulence. When considering the whole nocturnal dataset for these flow directions, several enhanced turbulence points are found to be associated with sudden wind speed and directional shear transitions. In contrast, flows from other directions do not reproduce the HOST relationships and the turbulence relationship is almost linear, independent of vertical temperature gradients, corresponding to flows driven by synoptic scales. In addition we identify examples of gravity waves and top-down turbulent events that lead to transitions between the turbulence regimes. © 2019 Author(s)., Acknowledgements. The BLLAST field experiment was made possible due to the support and contributions of several institutions: INSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers, Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, LEFE-IDAO program), Météo-France, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (University of Toulouse), EUFAR (EUropean Facility for Airborne Research), and COST ES0802 (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The field experiment would not have occurred without the contributions of all of the participating European and American research groups, who all contributed a significant amount. The BLLAST field experiment was hosted by the instrumented site of Centre de Recherches Atmosphériques, Lannemezan, France (Ob-servatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d’Aérologie). Its 60 m (“Val-imev”) tower was partly supported by the POCTEFA/FLUXPYR European program. BLLAST data are managed by SEDOO from the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées. We would also like to thank the following people, who were responsible for the instruments and data used in his study: Fabienne Lohou, PI of surface measurements at the BLLAST site; Frédérique Saïd and Solène Derrien for the 60 m instrumentation and data; and Eric Pardyjak and Daniel Alexander for the 8 m (“Skinflow”) tower. We further acknowledge the P2OA instrumented site, as the Centre de Recherches At-mosphériques of Lannemezan is part of an instrumented platform called Pyrenean Platform of the Observation of the Atmosphere (P2OA) (http://p2oa.aero.obs-mip.fr, last access: 18 July 2019). P2OA facilities and staff are funded and supported by the Obser-vatoire Midi-Pyrénées (University of Toulouse, France) and CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique). Jielun Sun is supported by NSF while she serves at NSF. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.

Published
2019
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44. A Modeling Study of a Trapped Lee-Wave Event over the Pyrénées

Author

Ona Sol, Mireia Udina, and M. R. Soler

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Gravitational wave, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Wind profiler, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Wavelength, Amplitude, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Satellite imagery, Predictability, Event (particle physics), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A trapped lee-wave mountain event in the southern part of the Pyrénées area is analyzed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Model experiments are designed to address the WRF predictability of such an event and to explore the influence of the model parameters in resolving the mountain waves. The results show that the model is able to capture a trapped lee-wave event using the 1-km horizontal grid model outputs. Different initial conditions, the vertical grid resolution, and the resolved topography lead to changes in the wave field distribution and the wave amplitude meaning that an ensemble of different model settings may be able to quantify the uncertainty of the numerical solutions. However, the model experiments do not significantly change the wavelength of the generated mountain waves, which is shorter in the three-dimensional real simulations than the one derived from satellite imagery. Comparison with observational data from the surface stations and a wind profiler upstream of the mountain range shows that the model underestimates the horizontal wind speed and this can be the reason for the underestimation of the wavelength. In addition, the valley circulations and the formation of a rotor near the surface are explored. The formation of a low-level rotor in the model is intermittent and brief, and it interacts with other flows coming from multiple directions. The first strong wave updraft is located over the valley aligned with the highest mountain peaks and strong vorticity is captured from the surface up to the first wave crest.

Published
2016
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45. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography findings in epithelial ingrowth after neodymium:YAG laser treatment

Author

José R. Soler Tomás, Graciana Fuentes-Páez, and Sergio Burillo

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Keratomileusis, Epithelial ingrowth, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optical coherence tomography, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, equipment and supplies, Laser, Corneal topography, eye diseases, Corneal transparency, Surgery, surgical procedures, operative, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Neodymium-YAG laser, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

We describe the case of a patient with recurrent epithelial ingrowth treated with a neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser after flap relifting and removal of the ingrowth. Spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was performed preoperatively and several times during the first postoperative year. Clinical biomicroscopy showed recurrent Machat grade 3 epithelial ingrowth associated with the flap border. The AS-OCT showed ingrowth as a highly reflective stromal band and laser craters with endothelial band disruption recorded immediately after laser impacts. After 1 year, the visual acuity improved, corneal topography was more regular, and corneal transparency with residual scarring was observed. The AS-OCT showed recovered stromal hyporeflectivity, residual hypereflection, and regular epithelial and endothelial band hyperreflection. The AS-OCT is a useful tool to show epithelial ingrowth involution and corneal healing after Nd:YAG laser treatment for recurrent epithelial ingrowth after laser in situ keratomileusis. Financial Disclosure None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Published
2016
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46. Exploring Vertical Turbulence Structure in Neutrally and Stably Stratified Flows Using the Weather Research and Forecasting–Large-Eddy Simulation (WRF–LES) Model

Author

M. R. Soler, Jielun Sun, Branko Kosovic, and Mireia Udina

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Stratified flows, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Boundary layer, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, 0103 physical sciences, Turbulence kinetic energy, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Geostrophic wind, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Large eddy simulation
Abstract

Following Sun et al. (J Atmos Sci 69(1):338–351, 2012), vertical variations of turbulent mixing in stably stratified and neutral environments as functions of wind speed are investigated using the large-eddy simulation capability in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The simulations with a surface cooling rate for the stable boundary layer (SBL) and a range of geostrophic winds for both stable and neutral boundary layers are compared with observations from the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study 1999 (CASES-99). To avoid the uncertainty of the subgrid scheme, the investigation focuses on the vertical domain when the ratio between the subgrid and the resolved turbulence is small. The results qualitatively capture the observed dependence of turbulence intensity on wind speed under neutral conditions; however, its vertical variation is affected by the damping layer used in absorbing undesirable numerical waves at the top of the domain as a result of relatively large neutral turbulent eddies. The simulated SBL fails to capture the observed temperature variance with wind speed and the observed transition from the SBL to the near-neutral atmosphere with increasing wind speed, although the vertical temperature profile of the simulated SBL resembles the observed profile. The study suggests that molecular thermal conduction responsible for the thermal coupling between the surface and atmosphere cannot be parameterized through the Monin–Obukhov bulk relation for turbulent heat transfer by applying the surface radiation temperature, as is common practice when modelling air–surface interactions.

Published
2016
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47. Contributors

Author

Gemma Acosta, Ariel Almendral, Orlando Álvarez, Inés Aramendía, María Alejandra Arecco, Juan P. Ariza, C. Arriagada, Pedro Arriola, Pilar Ávila, Patrice Baby, Vanesa Barberón, Stéphanie Brichau, Ysabel Calderon, Mauricio Calderón, Gabriela Beatriz Franco Camelio, Horacio N. Canelo, Victor Carlotto, Barbara Carrapa, Ryan Cochrane, Gilda Collo, Eduardo Contreras-Reyes, Peter Copeland, Christian Creixell, Edward Cuipa, Federico M. Dávila, Peter G. DeCelles, Juan Díaz-Alvarado, A. Echaurren, Sebastián Echeverri, A. Encinas, Adrien Eude, Miguel Ezpeleta, Lucía Fernández Paz, D. Figueroa, Andrés Folguera, Gonzalo Galaz, Héctor P.A. García, Carmala N. Garzione, Sarah W.M. George, Matías C. Ghiglione, P. Giampaoli, Guido M. Gianni, Mario Gimenez, Johannes Glodny, E. Gobbo, Marcelo A. Gonzalez, E. Gabriela Gutiérrez, Camilo Higuera, Brian K. Horton, Sofía Iannelli, Lily J. Jackson, James N. Kellogg, Keith A. Klepeis, Federico Lince Klinger, Cullen Kortyna, Thomas J. Lapen, F. Lince-Klinger, Vanesa D. Litvak, C. López, Melanie Louterbach, Leonard Luzieux, Federico Martina, Myriam P. Martinez, F. Martínez, Joseph Martinod, Ezequiel García Morabito, Héctor Mora-Páez, Federico Moreno, Francisco Sánchez Nassif, C. Navarrete, Julieta C. Nóbile, Paul O’Sullivan, Soty Odoh, Verónica Oliveros, G. Olivieri, Sebastián Correa Otto, Mauricio Parra, Ana María Patiño, A. Paul, Mark Pecha, Stefanie Pechuan, Agustina Pesce, Stella Poma, Alice Prudhomme, Juan Carlos Ramírez, Miguel E. Ramos, Alexandra Robert, E. Rocha, E.A. Rojas Vera, Christian Romero, Gonzalo Ronda, Marcos A. Sánchez, Joel E. Saylor, Edward R. Sobel, Santiago R. Soler, Richard A. Spikings, Rodrigo J. Suárez, Christian Sue, Kurt Sundell, Tonny B. Thomsen, Jonathan Tobal, Cristian Vallejo, Roelant Van der Lelij, D. Villagomez, Laura E. Webb, Wilfried Winkler, and Gonzalo Zamora

Published
2019
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48. Multi-sensor observations of an elevated rotor during a mountain wave event in the Eastern Pyrenees

Author

Bernat Codina, Laura Trapero, Sergi Gonzalez, Alexandre Paci, Josep Ramon Miró, Thierry Douffet, Mireia Udina, Joan Bech, M. R. Soler, Jean Marie Donier, and Nicolau Pineda

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Wavelength, Turbulence, law, Rotor (electric), Doppler radar, Winter storm, Crest, Sunset, Snow, Geology, Seismology, law.invention
Abstract

The 15 January 2017 a strong northerly synoptic flow lead to the generation of mountain waves and heavy snowfall over the eastern Pyrenees, particularly over the Cerdanya valley near the border between France, Spain and Andorra. Measurements from several instruments deployed during the Cerdanya-2017 field campaign and satellite imagery revealed the presence of mountain waves and the formation of an associated rotor underneath the first mountain wave crest. The evolution and location of the mountain waves were studied using high temporal resolution data from a UHF wind-profiler and a vertically pointing K-band Doppler radar, separated a few kilometres in horizontal distance. A mountain wave with a wavelength about 18 km was detected in the morning and shortened slightly in the afternoon when a transient rotor, elevated approximately 140 m above the ground, was formed, disconnected from the surface flow. A strong turbulence zone was identified at the upper edge of the mountain wave, above the rotor, a feature observed in previous studies. The mountain wave and rotor induced circulation was favoured by the valley shape and the second mountain ridge location, in addition to the weak and variable winds, established during the sunset close to the valley surface.

Published
2020
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49. Audit of Paediatric Head Injury in University Hospital Kerry

Author

K, May, J, Roux, M, Phelan, R, Soler Lopez, and J, O’Sullivan

Subjects
Emergency Medical Services, Medical Audit, Patient Admission, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Guideline Adherence, Child, Emergency Service, Hospital, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ireland
Published
2018

50. Intersite comparison and test-retest reliability of cartilage thickness and compostional analysis in the approach study – a 2-year multicenter European exploratory study for phenotype characterizaton of knee osteoarthritis

Author

Francis Berenbaum, M. Loef, Ali Mobasheri, J. Larkin, M. Kloppenburg, John Loughlin, L. Hussaarts, R. Soler, F.P.J.G. Lafeber, Susanne Maschek, J. Boere, Felix Eckstein, C. Ladel, F.W. Roemer, Wolfgang Wirth, A.C.A. Marijnissen, E.M. van Helvoort, Harrie Weinans, T. Isaksen, Francisco J. Blanco, A. Lalande, I.H. Haugen, W.E. van Spil, L. Palozzi, and A.-C. Bay-Jensen

Subjects
Orthodontics, Rheumatology, business.industry, Biomedical Engineering, Exploratory research, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Osteoarthritis, Cartilage thickness, business, medicine.disease, Reliability (statistics), Test (assessment)
Published
2019
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