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298 results on '"R. Simmonds"'

1. Trade off-free entanglement stabilization in a superconducting qutrit-qubit system

Author

T. Brown, E. Doucet, D. Ristè, G. Ribeill, K. Cicak, J. Aumentado, R. Simmonds, L. Govia, A. Kamal, and L. Ranzani

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The approach to stabilizing a quantum state by coupling to engineered reservoirs is limited by a trade-off between state fidelity and stabilization rate. Here the authors implement a protocol based on parametric system-bath coupling to achieve fast and high-fidelity Bell state stabilization in a qutrit-qubit system.

Published
2022
Full Text
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2. Exploring Mechanisms And Contexts in a Peer Education Project to Improve Mental Health Literacy in Schools in England: A Qualitative Realist Evaluation

Author

E. L. Curtin, E. Widnall, S. Dodd, M. Limmer, R. Simmonds, A. E. Russell, A. Kaley, and J. Kidger

Abstract

Poor adolescent mental health calls for universal prevention. The Mental Health Foundation's 'Peer Education Project' equips older students ('peer educators') to teach younger students ('peer learners') about mental health. The peer-led lessons cover defining good and bad mental health, risk and protective factors, self-care, help-seeking and looking after one another. While previous pre-post evaluations have suggested effectiveness, the mechanisms through which the intervention improves mental health literacy remain unclear. We purposively recruited seven secondary schools across England from 2020 to 2022 and collected data through five observations, 12 staff interviews and 15 student focus groups (totalling 134 students; 46 peer educators aged 14-18 years and 88 peer learners aged 11-13 years). Our realist analysis adopted retroductive logic, intertwining deductive and inductive approaches to test the initial programme theory against insights arising from the data. We developed Context - Mechanisms - Outcome configurations related to four themes: (i) modelling behaviours and forming supportive relationships, (ii) relevant and appropriate content, (iii) peer educators feeling empowered and (iV) a school culture that prioritises mental health support. Our refined programme theory highlights key mechanisms, contexts conducive to achieving the outcomes and ways to improve training, recruitment and delivery to maximise effectiveness for similar peer-led initiatives.

Published
2024
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3. ICRP Publication 147: Use of Dose Quantities in Radiological Protection

Author

Carlos Martín, H-G Menzel, Rebecca Smith-Bindman, François Bochud, P. Ortiz-López, Mikhail Balonov, Richard Wakeford, John Harrison, and J. R. Simmonds

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Risk Assessment, Effective dose (radiation), Radiation Protection, Radiological weapon, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, business
Published
2021

4. Mobile phones as fomites for potential pathogens in hospitals: microbiome analysis reveals hidden contaminants

Author

E. Hayhurst, David C. Lee, and R. Simmonds

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, Infection risk, Health Personnel, Bacillus sp, 030501 epidemiology, Gram-Positive Bacteria, medicine.disease_cause, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, Microbiome, Cross Infection, Infection Control, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Illumina miseq, Pathogenic bacteria, General Medicine, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, Hospitals, United Kingdom, Infectious Diseases, Enterococcus, Fomites, Smartphone, 0305 other medical science, business, Cell Phone
Abstract

Summary Background Smartphones used in clinical settings harbour potentially pathogenic bacteria, and this may pose an infection risk. Previous studies have relied on culture-based methods. Aim To characterize the quantity and diversity of microbial contamination of hospital staff smartphones using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods; to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant potential pathogens; to compare microbial communities of hospital staff and control group phones. Methods Smartphones of 250 hospital staff and 191 control group participants were swabbed. The antibiotic resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus isolates was determined. Swabs were pooled into groups according to the hospital area staff worked in, and DNA was extracted. The microbial community of the phone was characterized using an Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding pipeline. Findings Almost all (99.2%) of hospital staff smartphones were contaminated with potential pathogens, and bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) were significantly higher on hospital phones than in the control group. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) were only detected on hospital mobile phones. Metabarcoding revealed a far greater abundance of Gram-negative contaminants, and much greater diversity, than culture-based methods. Bacillus spp. were significantly more abundant in the hospital group. Conclusion This study reinforces the need to consider infection-control policies to mitigate the potential risks associated with the increased use of smartphones in clinical environments, and highlights the limitations of culture-based methods for environmental swabbing.

Published
2020

5. Trade off-Free Entanglement Stabilization in a Superconducting Qutrit-Qubit System

Author

T. Brown, E. Doucet, D. Ristè, G. Ribeill, K. Cicak, J. Aumentado, R. Simmonds, L. Govia, A. Kamal, and L. Ranzani

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, General Chemistry, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Quantum reservoir engineering is a powerful framework for autonomous quantum state preparation and error correction. However, traditional approaches to reservoir engineering are hindered by unavoidable coherent leakage out of the target state, which imposes an inherent trade off between achievable steady-state state fidelity and stabilization rate. In this work we demonstrate a protocol that achieves trade off-free Bell state stabilization in a qutrit-qubit system realized on a circuit-QED platform. We accomplish this by creating a purely dissipative channel for population transfer into the target state, mediated by strong parametric interactions coupling the second-excited state of a superconducting transmon and the engineered bath resonator. Our scheme achieves a state preparation fidelity of 84% with a stabilization time constant of 339 ns, leading to the lowest error-time product reported in solid-state quantum information platforms to date., 19 pages, 14 figures

Published
2021

6. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Author

D. KLIONSKY, A. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, M. ABILDGAARD, Y. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, I. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, T. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, B. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, J. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, P. AGUILAR, S. AHMAD, Z. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, H. AKPINAR, A. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, M. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GOMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, M. AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, G. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, D. ALTIERI, S. ALVES, C. DA COSTA, M. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, A. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, S. ANDERSEN, S. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, A. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, U. ANOZIE, M. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTON, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, W. ARAUJO, J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, M. AREVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, J. ARIKKATH, H. ARIMOTO, A. ARIOSA, D. ARMSTRONG-JAMES, L. ARNAUNE-PELLOQUIN, A. AROCA, D. ARROYO, I. ARSOV, R. ARTERO, D. ASARO, M. ASCHNER, M. ASHRAFIZADEH, O. ASHUR-FABIAN, A. ATANASOV, A. AU, P. AUBERGER, H. AUNER, L. AURELIAN, R. AUTELLI, L. AVAGLIANO, Y. AVALOS, S. AVEIC, C. AVELEIRA, T. AVINWITTENBERG, Y. AYDIN, S. AYTON, S. AYYADEVARA, M. AZZOPARDI, M. BABA, J. BACKER, S. BACKUES, D. BAE, O. BAE, S. BAE, E. BAEHRECKE, A. BAEK, S. BAEK, G. BAGETTA, A. BAGNIEWSKA-ZADWORNA, H. BAI, J. BAI, X. BAI, Y. BAI, N. BAIRAGI, S. BAKSI, T. BALBI, C. BALDARI, W. BALDUINI, A. BALLABIO, M. BALLESTER, S. BALAZADEH, R. BALZAN, R. BANDOPADHYAY, S. BANERJEE, Y. BAO, M. BAPTISTA, A. BARACCA, C. BARBATI, A. BARGIELA, D. BARILA, P. BARLOW, S. BARMADA, E. BARREIRO, G. BARRETO, J. BARTEK, B. BARTEL, A. BARTOLOME, G. BARVE, S. BASAGOUDANAVAR, D. BASSHAM, R. JR, A. BASU, H. BATOKO, I. BATTEN, E. BAULIEU, B. BAUMGARNER, J. BAYRY, R. BEALE, I. BEAU, F. BEAUMATIN, L. BECHARA, G. BECK, M. BEERS, J. BEGUN, C. BEHRENDS, G. BEHRENS, R. BEI, E. BEJARANO, S. BEL, C. BEHL, A. BELAID, N. BELGAREH-TOUZE, C. BELLAROSA, F. BELLEUDI, M. PEREZ, R. BELLO-MORALES, J. BELTRAN, S. BELTRAN, D. BENBROOK, M. BENDORIUS, B. BENITEZ, I. BENITO-CUESTA, J. BENSALEM, M. BERCHTOLD, S. BEREZOWSKA, D. BERGAMASCHI, M. BERGAMI, A. BERGMANN, L. BERLIOCCHI, C. BERLIOZ-TORRENT, A. BERNARD, L. BERTHOUX, C. BESIRLI, S. BESTEIRO, V. BETIN, R. BEYAERT, J. BEZBRADICA, K. BHASKAR, I. BHATIA-KISSOVA, R. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYYA, M. BHUIYAN, S. BHUTIA, L. BI, X. BI, T. BIDEN, K. BIJIAN, V. BILLES, N. BINART, C. BINCOLETTO, A. BIRGISDOTTIR, G. BJORKOY, G. BLANCO, A. BLAS-GARCIA, J. BLASIAK, R. BLOMGRAN, K. BLOMGREN, J. BLUM, E. BOADA-ROMERO, M. BOBAN, K. BOESZEBATTAGLIA, P. BOEUF, B. BOLAND, P. BOMONT, P. BONALDO, S. BONAM, L. BONFILI, J. BONIFACINO, B. BOONE, M. BOOTMAN, M. BORDI, C. BORNER, B. BORNHAUSER, G. BORTHAKUR, J. BOSCH, S. BOSE, L. BOTANA, J. BOTAS, C. BOULANGER, M. BOULTON, M. BOURDENX, B. BOURGEOIS, N. BOURKE, G. BOUSQUET, P. BOYA, P. BOZHKOV, L. BOZI, T. BOZKURT, D. BRACKNEY, C. BRANDTS, R. BRAUN, G. BRAUS, R. BRAVO-SAGUA, J. BRAVO-SAN PEDRO, P. BREST, M. BRINGER, A. BRIONES-HERRERA, V. BROADDUS, P. BRODERSEN, E. ALVAREZ, J. BRODSKY, S. BRODY, P. BRONSON, J. BRONSTEIN, C. BROWN, R. BROWN, P. BRUM, J. BRUMELL, N. BRUNETTI-PIERRI, D. BRUNO, R. BRYSON-RICHARDSON, C. BUCCI, C. BUCHRIESER, M. BUENO, L. BUITRAGO-MOLINA, S. BURASCHI, S. BUCH, J. BUCHAN, E. BUCKINGHAM, H. BUDAK, M. BUDINI, G. BULTYNCK, F. BURADA, J. BURGOYNE, M. BURON, V. BUSTOS, S. BUTTNER, E. BUTTURINI, A. BYRD, I. CABAS, S. CABRERA-BENITEZ, K. CADWELL, J. CAI, L. CAI, Q. CAI, M. CAIRO, J. CALBET, G. CALDWELL, K. CALDWELL, J. CALL, R. CALVANI, A. CALVO, M. BARRERA, N. CAMARA, J. CAMONIS, N. CAMOUGRAND, M. CAMPANELLA, E. CAMPBELL, F. CAMPBELL-VALOIS, S. CAMPELLO, I. CAMPESI, J. CAMPOS, O. CAMUZARD, J. CANCINO, D. DE ALMEIDA, L. CANESI, I. CANIGGIA, B. CANONICO, C. CANTI, B. CAO, M. CARAGLIA, B. CARAMES, E. CARCHMAN, E. CARDENAL-MUNOZ, C. CARDENAS, L. CARDENAS, S. CARDOSO, J. CAREW, G. CARLE, G. CARLETON, S. CARLONI, D. CARMONA-GUTIERREZ, L. CARNEIRO, O. CARNEVALI, J. CAROSI, S. CARRA, A. CARRIER, L. CARRIER, B. CARROLL, A. CARTER, A. CARVALHO, M. CASANOVA, C. CASAS, J. CASAS, C. CASSIOLI, E. CASTILLO, K. CASTILLO, S. CASTILLO-LLUVA, F. CASTOLDI, M. CASTORI, A. CASTRO, M. CASTRO-CALDAS, J. CASTRO-HERNANDEZ, S. CASTRO-OBREGON, S. CATZ, C. CAVADAS, F. CAVALIERE, G. CAVALLINI, M. CAVINATO, M. CAYUELA, P. RICA, V. CECARINI, F. CECCONI, M. CECHOWSKA-PASKO, S. CENCI, V. CEPERUELO-MALLAFRE, J. CERQUEIRA, J. CERUTTI, D. CERVIA, V. CETINTAS, S. CETRULLO, H. CHAE, A. CHAGIN, C. CHAI, G. CHAKRABARTI, O. CHAKRABARTI, T. CHAKRABORTY, M. CHAMI, G. CHAMILOS, D. CHAN, E. CHAN, H. CHAN, M. CHAN, Y. CHAN, P. CHANDRA, C. CHANG, H. CHANG, K. CHANG, J. CHAO, T. CHAPMAN, N. CHARLET-BERGUERAND, S. CHATTERJEE, S. CHAUBE, A. CHAUDHARY, S. CHAUHAN, E. CHAUM, F. CHECLER, M. CHEETHAM, C. CHEN, G. CHEN, J. CHEN, L. CHEN, M. CHEN, N. CHEN, Q. CHEN, R. CHEN, S. CHEN, W. CHEN, X. CHEN, Y. CHEN, Z. CHEN, H. CHENG, J. CHENG, S. CHENG, W. CHENG, X. CHENG, Y. CHENG, Z. CHENG, H. CHEONG, J. CHEONG, B. CHERNYAK, S. CHERRY, C. CHEUNG, K. CHEUNG, E. CHEVET, R. CHI, A. CHIANG, F. CHIARADONNA, R. CHIARELLI, M. CHIARIELLO, N. CHICA, S. CHIOCCA, M. CHIONG, S. CHIOU, A. CHIRAMEL, V. CHIURCHIU, D. CHO, S. CHOE, A. CHOI, M. CHOI, K. CHOUDHURY, N. CHOW, C. CHU, J. CHUA, H. CHUNG, K. CHUNG, S. CHUNG, Y. CHUNG, V. CIANFANELLI, I. CIECHOMSKA, M. CIFUENTES, L. CINQUE, S. CIRAK, M. CIRONE, M. CLAGUE, R. CLARKE, E. CLEMENTI, E. COCCIA, P. CODOGNO, E. COHEN, M. COHEN, T. COLASANTI, F. COLASUONNO, R. COLBERT, A. COLELL, N. COLL, M. COLLINS, M. COLOMBO, D. COLON-RAMOS, L. COMBARET, S. COMINCINI, M. COMINETTI, A. CONSIGLIO, A. CONTE, F. CONTI, V. CONTU, M. COOKSON, K. COOMBS, I. COPPENS, M. CORASANITI, D. CORKERY, N. CORDES, K. CORTESE, M. COSTA, S. COSTANTINO, P. COSTELLI, A. COTO-MONTES, P. CRACK, J. CRESPO, A. CRIOLLO, V. CRIPPA, R. CRISTOFANI, T. CSIZMADIA, A. CUADRADO, B. CUI, J. CUI, Y. CUI, E. CULETTO, A. CUMINO, A. CYBULSKY, M. CZAJA, S. CZUCZWAR, S. D'ADAMO, M. D'AMELIO, D. D'ARCANGELO, A. D'LUGOS, G. D'ORAZI, J. DA SILVA, H. DAFSARI, R. DAGDA, Y. DAGDAS, M. DAGLIA, X. DAI, Y. DAI, J. DAL COL, P. DALHAIMER, L. DALLA VALLE, T. DALLENGA, G. DALMASSO, M. DAMME, I. DANDO, N. DANTUMA, A. DARLING, H. DAS, S. DASARATHY, S. DASARI, S. DASH, O. DAUMKE, A. DAUPHINEE, J. DAVIES, V. DAVILA, R. DAVIS, T. DAVIS, S. NAIDU, F. DE AMICIS, K. DE BOSSCHER, F. DE FELICE, L. DE FRANCESCHI, C. DE LEONIBUS, M. BARBOSA, G. DE MEYER, A. DE MILITO, C. DE NUNZIO, C. DE PALMA, M. DE SANTI, C. DE VIRGILIO, D. DE ZIO, J. DEBNATH, B. DEBOSCH, J. DECUYPERE, M. DEEHAN, G. DEFLORIAN, J. DEGREGORI, B. DEHAY, G. DEL RIO, J. DELANEY, L. DELBRIDGE, E. DELORME-AXFORD, M. DELPINO, F. DEMARCHI, V. DEMBITZ, N. DEMERS, H. DENG, Z. DENG, J. DENGJEL, P. DENT, D. DENTON, M. DEPAMPHILIS, C. DER, V. DERETIC, A. DESCOTEAUX, L. DEVIS, S. DEVKOTA, O. DEVUYST, G. DEWSON, M. DHARMASIVAM, R. DHIMAN, D. DI BERNARDO, M. DI CRISTINA, F. DI DOMENICO, P. DI FAZIO, A. DI FONZO, G. DI GUARDO, G. DI GUGLIELMO, L. DI LEO, C. DI MALTA, A. DI NARDO, M. DI RIENZO, F. DI SANO, G. DIALLINAS, J. DIAO, G. DIAZ-ARAYA, I. DIAZ-LAVIADA, J. DICKINSON, M. DIEDERICH, M. DIEUDE, I. DIKIC, S. DING, W. DING, L. DINI, M. DINIC, A. DINKOVA-KOSTOVA, M. DIONNE, J. DISTLER, A. DIWAN, I. DIXON, M. DJAVAHERI-MERGNY, I. DOBRINSKI, O. DOBROVINSKAYA, R. DOBROWOLSKI, R. DOBSON, S. EMRE, M. DONADELLI, B. DONG, X. DONG, Z. DONG, G. II, V. DOTSCH, H. DOU, J. DOU, M. DOWAIDAR, S. DRIDI, L. DRUCKER, A. DU, C. DU, G. DU, H. DU, L. DU, A. DU TOIT, S. DUAN, X. DUAN, S. DUARTE, A. DUBROVSKA, E. DUNLOP, N. DUPONT, R. DURAN, B. DWARAKANATH, S. DYSHLOVOY, D. EBRAHIMI-FAKHARI, L. ECKHART, C. EDELSTEIN, T. EFFERTH, E. EFTEKHARPOUR, L. EICHINGER, N. EID, T. EISENBERG, N. EISSA, S. EISSA, M. EJARQUE, A. EL ANDALOUSSI, N. EL-HAGE, S. EL-NAGGAR, A. ELEUTERI, E. EL-SHAFEY, M. ELGENDY, A. ELIOPOULOS, M. ELIZALDE, P. ELKS, H. ELSASSER, E. ELSHERBINY, B. EMERLING, N. EMRE, C. ENG, N. ENGEDAL, A. ENGELBRECHT, A. ENGELSEN, J. ENSERINK, R. ESCALANTE, A. ESCLATINE, M. ESCOBAR-HENRIQUES, E. ESKELINEN, L. ESPERT, M. EUSEBIO, G. FABRIAS, C. FABRIZI, A. FACCHIANO, F. FACCHIANO, B. FADEEL, C. FADER, A. FAESEN, W. FAIRLIE, A. FALCO, B. FALKENBURGER, D. FAN, J. FAN, Y. FAN, E. FANG, Y. FANG, M. FANTO, T. FARFEL-BECKER, M. FAURE, G. FAZELI, A. FEDELE, A. FELDMAN, D. FENG, J. FENG, L. FENG, Y. FENG, W. FENG, T. ARAUJO, T. FERGUSON, J. FERNANDEZ-CHECA, S. FERNANDEZVELEDO, A. FERNIE, A. FERRANTE, A. FERRARESI, M. FERRARI, J. FERREIRA, S. FERRO-NOVICK, A. FIGUERAS, R. FILADI, N. FILIGHEDDU, E. FILIPPICHIELA, G. FILOMENI, G. FIMIA, V. FINESCHI, F. FINETTI, S. FINKBEINER, E. FISHER, P. FISHER, F. FLAMIGNI, S. FLIESLER, T. FLO, I. FLORANCE, O. FLOREY, T. FLORIO, E. FODOR, C. FOLLO, E. FON, A. FORLINO, F. FORNAI, P. FORTINI, A. FRACASSI, A. FRALDI, B. 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GOGINASHVILI, J. GOLAB, D. GOLDSTONE, A. GOLEBIEWSKA, L. GOMES, R. GOMEZ, R. GOMEZ-SANCHEZ, M. GOMEZ-PUERTO, R. GOMEZ-SINTES, Q. GONG, F. GONI, J. GONZALEZ-GALLEGO, T. GONZALEZ-HERNANDEZ, R. GONZALEZ-POLO, J. GONZALEZ-REYES, P. GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ, I. GOPING, M. GORBATYUK, N. GORBUNOV, R. GOROJOD, S. GORSKI, S. GORUPPI, C. GOTOR, R. GOTTLIEB, I. GOZES, D. GOZUACIK, M. GRAEF, M. GRALER, V. GRANATIERO, D. GRASSO, J. GRAY, D. GREEN, A. GREENHOUGH, S. GREGORY, E. GRIFFIN, M. GRINSTAFF, F. GROS, C. GROSE, A. GROSS, F. GRUBER, P. GRUMATI, T. GRUNE, X. GU, J. GUAN, C. GUARDIA, K. GUDA, F. GUERRA, C. GUERRI, P. GUHA, C. GUILLEN, S. GUJAR, A. GUKOVSKAYA, I. GUKOVSKY, J. GUNST, A. GUNTHER, A. GUNTUR, C. GUO, H. GUO, L. GUO, M. GUO, P. GUPTA, A. FERNANDEZ, S. GUPTA, V. GUPTA, A. GUSTAFSSON, D. GUTTERMAN, H. RANJITHA, A. HAAPASALO, J. HABER, S. HADANO, A. HAFREN, M. HAIDAR, B. HALL, G. HALLDEN, A. HAMACHER-BRADY, A. HAMANN, M. HAMASAKI, W. HAN, M. HANSEN, P. HANSON, Z. HAO, M. HARADA, L. 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REN, T. RENAULT, G. RENGA, K. REUE, K. REWITZ, B. RAMOS, S. RIAZUDDIN, T. RIBEIRO-RODRIGUES, J. RICCI, R. RICCI, V. RICCIO, D. RICHARDSON, Y. RIKIHISA, M. RISBUD, R. RISUENO, K. RITIS, S. RIZZA, R. RIZZUTO, H. ROBERTS, L. ROBERTS, K. ROBINSON, M. ROCCHERI, S. ROCCHI, G. RODNEY, T. RODRIGUES, V. SILVA, A. RODRIGUEZ, R. RODRIGUEZ-BARRUECO, N. RODRIGUEZ-HENCHE, H. RODRIGUEZ-ROCHA, J. ROELOFS, R. ROGERS, V. ROGOV, A. ROJO, K. ROLKA, V. ROMANELLO, L. ROMANI, A. ROMANO, P. ROMANO, D. ROMEO-GUITART, L. ROMERO, M. ROMERO, J. RONEY, C. RONGO, S. ROPERTO, M. ROSENFELDT, P. ROSENSTIEL, A. ROSENWALD, K. ROTH, L. ROTH, S. ROTH, K. ROUSCHOP, B. ROUSSEL, S. ROUX, P. ROVERE-QUERINI, A. ROY, A. ROZIERES, D. RUANO, D. RUBINSZTEIN, M. RUBTSOVA, K. RUCKDESCHEL, C. RUCKENSTUHL, E. RUDOLF, R. RUDOLF, A. RUGGIERI, A. RUPARELIA, P. RUSMINI, R. RUSSELL, G. RUSSO, M. RUSSO, R. RUSSO, O. RYABAYA, K. RYAN, K. RYU, M. SABATER-ARCIS, U. SACHDEV, M. SACHER, C. SACHSE, A. SADHU, J. SADOSHIMA, N. SAFREN, P. SAFTIG, A. SAGONA, G. SAHAY, A. SAHEBKAR, M. SAHIN, O. SAHIN, S. SAHNI, N. SAITO, S. SAITO, T. SAITO, R. SAKAI, Y. SAKAI, J. SAKAMAKI, K. SAKSELA, G. SALAZAR, A. SALAZAR-DEGRACIA, G. SALEKDEH, A. SALUJA, B. SAMPAIO-MARQUES, M. SANCHEZ, J. SANCHEZ-ALCAZAR, V. SANCHEZ-VERA, V. SANCHO-SHIMIZU, J. SANDERSON, M. SANDRI, S. SANTAGUIDA, L. SANTAMBROGIO, M. SANTANA, G. SANTONI, A. SANZ, P. SANZ, S. SARAN, M. SARDIELLO, T. SARGEANT, A. SARIN, C. SARKAR, S. SARKAR, M. SARRIAS, D. SARMAH, J. SARPARANTA, A. SATHYANARAYAN, R. SATHYANARAYANAN, K. SCAGLIONE, F. SCATOZZA, L. SCHAEFER, Z. SCHAFER, U. SCHAIBLE, A. SCHAPIRA, M. SCHARL, H. SCHATZL, C. SCHEIN, W. SCHEPER, D. SCHEURING, M. SCHIAFFINO, M. SCHIAPPACASSI, R. SCHINDL, U. SCHLATTNER, O. SCHMIDT, R. SCHMITT, S. SCHMIDT, I. SCHMITZ, E. SCHMUKLER, A. SCHNEIDER, B. SCHNEIDER, R. SCHOBER, A. SCHOIJET, M. SCHOTT, M. SCHRAMM, B. SCHRODER, K. SCHUH, C. SCHULLER, R. SCHULZE, L. SCHURMANNS, J. SCHWAMBORN, M. SCHWARTEN, F. SCIALO, S. SCIARRETTA, M. SCOTT, K. SCOTTO, A. SCOVASSI, A. SCRIMA, A. SCRIVO, D. SEBASTIAN, S. SEBTI, S. SEDEJ, L. SEGATORI, N. SEGEV, P. SEGLEN, I. SEILIEZ, E. SEKI, S. SELLECK, F. SELLKE, A. PEREZ-LARA, J. SELSBY, M. SENDTNER, S. SENTURK, E. SERANOVA, C. SERGI, R. SERRA-MORENO, H. SESAKI, C. SETTEMBRE, S. SETTY, G. SGARBI, O. SHA, J. SHACKA, J. SHAH, D. SHANG, C. SHAO, F. SHAO, S. SHARBATI, L. SHARKEY, D. SHARMA, G. SHARMA, K. SHARMA, P. SHARMA, S. SHARMA, H. SHEN, J. SHEN, M. SHEN, W. SHEN, Z. SHEN, R. SHENG, Z. SHENG, J. SHI, X. SHI, Y. SHI, K. SHIBA-FUKUSHIMA, J. SHIEH, Y. SHIMADA, S. SHIMIZU, M. SHIMOZAWA, T. SHINTANI, C. SHOEMAKER, S. SHOJAEI, I. SHOJI, B. SHRAVAGE, V. SHRIDHAR, C. SHU, H. SHU, K. SHUI, A. SHUKLA, T. SHUTT, V. SICA, A. SIDDIQUI, A. SIERRA, V. SIERRA-TORRE, S. SIGNORELLI, P. SIL, B. SILVA, J. SILVA, E. SILVA-PAVEZ, S. SILVENTE-POIROT, R. SIMMONDS, A. SIMON, H. SIMON, M. SIMONS, A. SINGH, L. SINGH, R. SINGH, S. SINGH, D. SINHA, R. SINHA, S. SINHA, A. SIRKO, K. SIROHI, E. SIVRIDIS, P. SKENDROS, A. SKIRYCZ, I. SLANINOVA, S. SMAILI, A. SMERTENKO, M. SMITH, S. SOENEN, E. SOHN, S. SOK, G. SOLAINI, T. SOLDATI, S. SOLEIMANPOUR, R. SOLER, A. SOLOVCHENKO, J. SOMARELLI, A. SONAWANE, F. SONG, H. SONG, J. SONG, K. SONG, Z. SONG, L. SORIA, M. SORICE, A. SOUKAS, S. SOUKUP, D. SOUSA, N. SOUSA, P. SPAGNUOLO, S. SPECTOR, M. BHARATH, D. ST CLAIR, V. STAGNI, L. STAIANO, C. STALNECKER, M. STANKOV, P. STATHOPULOS, K. STEFAN, S. STEFAN, L. STEFANIS, J. STEFFAN, A. STEINKASSERER, H. STENMARK, J. STERNECKERT, C. STEVENS, V. STOKA, S. STORCH, B. STORK, F. STRAPPAZZON, A. STROHECKER, D. STUPACK, H. SU, L. SU, A. SUAREZFONTES, C. SUBAUSTE, S. SUBBIAN, P. SUBIRADA, G. SUDHANDIRAN, C. SUE, X. SUI, C. SUMMERS, G. SUN, J. SUN, K. SUN, M. SUN, Q. SUN, Y. SUN, Z. SUN, K. SUNAHARA, E. SUNDBERG, K. SUSZTAK, P. SUTOVSKY, H. SUZUKI, G. SWEENEY, J. SYMONS, S. SZE, N. SZEWCZYK, C. TABOLACCI, F. TACKE, H. TAEGTMEYER, M. TAFANI, M. TAGAYA, H. TAI, S. TAIT, Y. TAKAHASHI, S. TAKATS, P. TALWAR, C. TAM, S. TAM, D. TAMPELLINI, A. TAMURA, C. TAN, E. TAN, Y. TAN, M. TANAKA, D. TANG, J. TANG, T. TANG, I. TANIDA, Z. TAO, M. TAOUIS, L. TATENHORST, N. TAVERNARAKIS, A. TAYLOR, G. TAYLOR, J. TAYLOR, E. TCHETINA, A. TEE, I. TEGEDER, D. TEIS, N. TEIXEIRA, F. TEIXEIRA-CLERC, K. TEKIRDAG, T. TENCOMNAO, S. TENREIRO, A. TEPIKIN, P. TESTILLANO, G. TETTAMANTI, P. THARAUX, K. THEDIECK, A. THEKKINGHAT, S. THELLUNG, J. THINWA, V. THIRUMALAIKUMAR, S. THOMAS, P. THOMES, A. THORBURN, L. THUKRAL, T. THUM, M. THUMM, L. TIAN, A. TICHY, A. TILL, V. TIMMERMAN, V. TITORENKO, S. TODI, K. TODOROVA, J. TOIVONEN, L. TOMAIPITINCA, D. TOMAR, C. TOMAS-ZAPICO, B. TONG, C. TONG, X. TONG, S. TOOZE, M. TORGERSEN, S. TORII, L. TORRES-LOPEZ, A. TORRIGLIA, C. TOWERS, R. TOWNS, S. TOYOKUNI, V. TRAJKOVIC, D. TRAMONTANO, Q. TRAN, L. TRAVASSOS, C. TRELFORD, S. TREMEL, I. TROUGAKOS, B. TSAO, M. TSCHAN, H. TSE, T. TSE, H. TSUGAWA, A. TSVETKOV, D. TUMBARELLO, Y. TUMTAS, M. TUNON, S. TURCOTTE, B. TURK, V. TURK, B. TURNER, R. TUXWORTH, J. TYLER, E. TYUTEREVA, Y. UCHIYAMA, A. UGUNKLUSEK, H. UHLIG, I. ULASOV, M. UMEKAWA, C. UNGERMANN, R. UNNO, S. URBE, E. URIBE-CARRETERO, S. USTUN, V. UVERSKY, T. VACCARI, M. VACCARO, B. VAHSEN, H. VAKIFAHMETOGLU-NORBERG, R. VALDOR, M. VALENTE, A. VALKO, R. VALLEE, A. VALVERDE, G. VAN DEN BERGHE, S. VAN DER VEEN, L. VAN KAER, J. VAN LOOSDREGT, S. VAN WIJK, W. VANDENBERGHE, I. VANHOREBEEK, M. VANNIER-SANTOS, N. VANNINI, M. VANRELL, C. VANTAGGIATO, G. VARANO, I. VARELA-NIETO, M. VARGA, M. VASCONCELOS, S. VATS, D. VAVVAS, I. VEGANAREDO, S. VEGA-RUBIN-DE-CELIS, G. VELASCO, A. VELAZQUEZ, T. VELLAI, E. VELLENGA, F. VELOTTI, M. VERDIER, P. VERGINIS, I. VERGNE, P. VERKADE, M. VERMA, P. VERSTREKEN, T. VERVLIET, J. VERVOORTS, A. VESSONI, V. VICTOR, M. VIDAL, C. VIDONI, O. VIEIRA, R. VIERSTRA, S. VIGANO, H. VIHINEN, V. VIJAYAN, M. VILA, M. VILAR, J. VILLALBA, A. VILLALOBO, B. VILLAREJO-ZORI, F. VILLARROYA, J. VILLARROYA, O. VINCENT, C. VINDIS, C. VIRET, M. VISCOMI, D. VISNJIC, I. VITALE, D. VOCADLO, O. VOITSEKHOVSKAJA, C. VOLONTE, M. VOLTA, M. VOMERO, C. VON HAEFEN, M. VOOIJS, W. VOOS, L. VUCICEVIC, R. WADE-MARTINS, S. WAGURI, K. WAITE, S. WAKATSUKI, D. WALKER, M. WALKER, S. WALKER, J. WALTER, F. WANDOSELL, B. WANG, C. WANG, D. WANG, F. WANG, G. WANG, H. WANG, J. WANG, K. WANG, L. WANG, M. WANG, N. WANG, P. WANG, Q. WANG, W. WANG, X. WANG, Y. WANG, Z. WANG, G. WARNES, V. WARNSMANN, H. WATADA, E. WATANABE, M. WATCHON, T. WEAVER, G. WEGRZYN, A. WEHMAN, H. WEI, L. WEI, T. WEI, Y. WEI, O. WEIERGRABER, C. WEIHL, G. WEINDL, R. WEISKIRCHEN, A. WELLS, R. WEN, X. WEN, A. WERNER, B. WEYKOPF, S. WHEATLEY, J. WHITTON, A. WHITWORTH, K. WIKTORSKA, M. WILDENBERG, T. WILEMAN, S. WILKINSON, D. WILLBOLD, B. WILLIAMS, R. WILLIAMS, P. WILLIAMSON, R. WILSON, B. WINNER, N. WINSOR, S. WITKIN, H. WODRICH, U. WOEHLBIER, T. WOLLERT, E. WONG, J. WONG, R. WONG, V. WONG, W. WONG, A. WU, C. WU, J. WU, K. WU, M. WU, S. WU, W. WU, X. WU, Y. WU, R. XAVIER, H. XIA, L. XIA, Z. XIA, G. XIANG, J. XIANG, M. XIANG, W. XIANG, B. XIAO, G. XIAO, H. XIAO, J. XIAO, L. XIAO, S. XIAO, Y. XIAO, B. XIE, C. XIE, M. XIE, Y. XIE, Z. XIE, M. XILOURI, C. XU, E. XU, H. XU, J. XU, L. XU, W. XU, X. XU, Y. XUE, S. YAKHINE-DIOP, M. YAMAGUCHI, O. YAMAGUCHI, A. YAMAMOTO, S. YAMASHINA, S. YAN, Z. YAN, Y. YANAGI, C. YANG, D. YANG, H. YANG, J. YANG, L. YANG, M. YANG, P. YANG, Q. YANG, S. YANG, W. YANG, X. YANG, Y. YANG, H. YAO, S. YAO, X. YAO, Y. YAO, T. YASUI, M. YAZDANKHAH, P. YEN, C. YI, X. YIN, Y. YIN, Z. YIN, M. YING, Z. YING, C. YIP, S. YIU, Y. YOO, K. YOSHIDA, S. YOSHII, T. YOSHIMORI, B. YOUSEFI, B. YU, H. YU, J. YU, L. YU, M. YU, S. YU, V. YU, W. YU, Z. YU, J. YUAN, L. YUAN, S. YUAN, Y. YUAN, Z. YUAN, J. YUE, Z. YUE, J. YUN, R. YUNG, D. ZACKS, G. ZAFFAGNINI, V. ZAMBELLI, I. ZANELLA, Q. ZANG, S. ZANIVAN, S. ZAPPAVIGNA, P. ZARAGOZA, K. ZARBALIS, A. ZAREBKOHAN, A. ZARROUK, S. ZEITLIN, J. ZENG, E. ZEROVNIK, L. ZHAN, B. ZHANG, D. ZHANG, H. ZHANG, J. ZHANG, K. ZHANG, L. ZHANG, M. ZHANG, P. ZHANG, S. ZHANG, W. ZHANG, X. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, Z. ZHANG, H. ZHAO, L. ZHAO, S. ZHAO, T. ZHAO, X. ZHAO, Y. ZHAO, G. ZHENG, K. ZHENG, L. ZHENG, S. ZHENG, X. ZHENG, Y. ZHENG, Z. ZHENG, B. ZHIVOTOVSKY, Q. ZHONG, A. ZHOU, B. ZHOU, C. ZHOU, G. ZHOU, H. ZHOU, J. ZHOU, K. ZHOU, R. ZHOU, X. ZHOU, Y. ZHOU, Z. ZHOU, B. ZHU, C. ZHU, G. ZHU, H. ZHU, W. ZHU, Y. ZHU, H. ZHUANG, X. ZHUANG, K. ZIENTARA-RYTTER, C. ZIMMERMANN, E. ZIVIANI, T. ZOLADEK, W. ZONG, D. ZOROV, A. ZORZANO, W. ZOU, Z. ZOU, S. ZURYN, W. ZWERSCHKE, B. BRAND-SABERI, C. KENCHAPPA, S. OSHIMA, Y. RONG, J. SLUIMER, and C. STALLINGS

Subjects
flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, stress, vacuole, Autophagosome, LC3, lysosome, neurodegeneration, cancer
Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

7. Acceptance and commitment therapy for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: a feasibility and proof of concept study

Author

Benjamin Annear, Sue Smith, Jessica R. Simmonds, Claire Traylor, Jessica F. Williams, Ian Jones, Gillean Flockhart, and Cerith S. Waters

Subjects
Adult, 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pilot Projects, Context (language use), Comorbidity, Anxiety, Proof of Concept Study, Acceptance and commitment therapy, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Pregnancy, law, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mood Disorders, 05 social sciences, Attendance, General Medicine, Anxiety Disorders, Community Mental Health Services, Affect, Clinical Psychology, Distress, Mental Health, Treatment Outcome, Mood, Psychotherapy, Group, Quality of Life, Physical therapy, Feasibility Studies, Patient Compliance, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology
Abstract

The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of a newly developed Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention developed specifically to address the unique context of pregnancy and parenthood. The intervention was delivered to women accessing a specialist Perinatal Community Mental Health Service (PCMHS).An open-label pilot study was conducted of an 8-week, group-delivered ACT intervention targeting women with moderate-to-severe mood and/or anxiety disorders during pregnancy and/or postpartum.Outcomes included session attendance rates, dropout rates, crisis/inpatient service use, and standardized symptom scales. Participant's responses to open-ended questions contained in an end of therapy questionnaire were analysed using thematic analysis.Seventy-four women were referred to the intervention with 65 (88%) completing treatment. The median number of sessions attended was 7. No women required input from crisis/inpatient services. All reported finding the intervention helpful. The implementation of ACT in daily life, therapist support, and group processes were cited as helpful aspects of the intervention. At post-treatment, there was a significant reduction in global distress (d = 0.99) and depressive symptoms (d = 1.05), and an increase in psychological flexibility (d = 0.93). On the secondary outcome of global distress, 38% of women were classified as recovered, 31% had reliably improved, 27% remained the same, and 4% had reliably deteriorated.The delivery of ACT in a routine practice setting is feasible, safe, and effective. A randomized control trial (RCT) is needed to establish the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this group-delivered ACT intervention.Group-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is acceptable for women with moderate-to-severe perinatal mood and/or anxiety disorders and can be feasibly delivered in a routine practice setting. The trans-diagnostic nature of ACT enables the concurrent treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms within the same intervention which is particularly helpful in the perinatal context given the comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders. With training and supervision, mental health practitioners without extensive education in the delivery of psychological therapies can facilitate the ACT group programme. As this was a feasibility study, there was no control group, adherence to the manual was not assessed, and the absence of a follow-up period limits our knowledge of the longer-term benefits of the ACT group programme.

Published
2020

8. A targeted response to the COVID‐19 pandemic: analysing effectiveness of remote consultations for triage and management of routine dermatology referrals

Author

R. Simmonds, W. A. Woo, A. K. Rogers, E. Corden, and C. D. Mitchell

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Telemedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Referral, Concise Report, Attitude of Health Personnel, Remote diagnosis, Pneumonia, Viral, Dermatology, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Pandemics, Referral and Consultation, Concise Reports, business.industry, Dermatology department, COVID-19, Triage, United Kingdom, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

During the UK's COVID-19 pandemic lockdown there was national guidance to suspend routine dermatology work. As a consequence, over 800 patient appointments in a district general dermatology department were temporarily suspended. Remote consultations were carried out to triage and manage referrals, via telephone or video consultations. Data were prospectively recorded on 488 patient interactions. Outcomes included advice/treatment, discharge, surgery or clinic review; 25% of patients were either uncontactable or their problem had resolved. Over a third of referrals were discharged with advice/treatment initiated remotely; 56% of referred dermatoses required further clinical review; 25% of lesion referrals were booked directly to surgery. This process was time-intensive for the clinicians involved, and triage mechanisms could be improved. Sufficient referral information allows remote diagnosis; implementation of management plans and appropriate discharge of patients. This process has been shown to be feasible, and may be a temporary solution for other COVID-19 impacted dermatology departments.

Published
2020
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9. An overview of nickel mineralisation in Africa with emphasis on the Mesoproterozoic East African Nickel Belt (EANB)

Author

David M. Evans, J. P. P. M. Hunt, and J. R. Simmonds

Subjects
Peridotite, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Great Dyke, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mineral resource classification, Igneous rock, Layered intrusion, Mining engineering, Sill, Magma, Laterite, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Nickel production in Africa takes place principally in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe, with much of the South African and Zimbabwean production being a by-product of platinum-group element mining in the Bushveld Complex and Great Dyke. Several large nickel deposits have been discovered elsewhere in Africa but until recently, their development has been hindered by political risk and limitations in energy and transport infrastructure. Most of the continent is significantly underexplored with respect to base metals, including the area covered by the East African Nickel Belt (EANB). The known nickel deposits of the EANB all occur in mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks of the Mesoproterozoicage Kibaran igneous event. These intrusive bodies take the form of medium to large layered intrusions, small dynamic magma conduits (chonoliths and sills) and dyke swarms. Laterite deposits are developed over exposed dunite and peridotite lithologies in the basal sequence of larger layered intrusions, whereas nickel sulphide deposits are developed at the base of the small chonoliths. Geochronological and geochemical data suggests that all intrusions in the EANB formed in a single magmatic event (1350 to 1400 Ma) and were derived from a picritic parental magma, which was variably contaminated in mid to upper-crustal staging chambers by metasedimentary rocks. As a result, nickel sulphide mineralisation was formed in all of the intrusions, but in most, the grades and tenors are too low to be considered economic in the foreseeable future. In the 1970s, government-led regional surveys identified a large nickel laterite deposit at Musongati in Burundi and a nickel sulphide deposit at Kabanga in the northwest of Tanzania. These deposits have subsequently been explored and delineated by mining companies, but they remain undeveloped due to their distance to the coast and a lack of transport and energy infrastructure. The Kabanga sulphide deposit now comprises a total mineral resource of 58 million tonnes grading 2.6% nickel. The Musongati laterite deposit comprises an overall resource of 122 million tonnes with a grade of 1.4% nickel.

Published
2016

10. Use of effective dose

Author

Hans-Georg Menzel, Colin J. Martin, P. Ortiz López, Richard Wakeford, John Harrison, J. R. Simmonds, Mikhail Balonov, and Rebecca Smith-Bindman

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Radiation Dosage, Risk Assessment, Effective dose (radiation), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Radiation Protection, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Relative biological effectiveness, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Total effective dose equivalent, education, education.field_of_study, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Equivalent dose, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproducibility of Results, Radiation Exposure, Collective dose, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Absorbed dose, Risk assessment, Nuclear medicine, business, Relative Biological Effectiveness
Abstract

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 103 provided a detailed explanation of the purpose and use of effective dose and equivalent dose to individual organs and tissues. Effective dose has proven to be a valuable and robust quantity for use in the implementation of protection principles. However, questions have arisen regarding practical applications, and a Task Group has been set up to consider issues of concern. This paper focusses on two key proposals developed by the Task Group that are under consideration by ICRP: (1) confusion will be avoided if equivalent dose is no longer used as a protection quantity, but regarded as an intermediate step in the calculation of effective dose. It would be more appropriate for limits for the avoidance of deterministic effects to the hands and feet, lens of the eye, and skin, to be set in terms of the quantity, absorbed dose (Gy) rather than equivalent dose (Sv). (2) Effective dose is in widespread use in medical practice as a measure of risk, thereby going beyond its intended purpose. While doses incurred at low levels of exposure may be measured or assessed with reasonable reliability, health effects have not been demonstrated reliably at such levels but are inferred. However, bearing in mind the uncertainties associated with risk projection to low doses or low dose rates, it may be considered reasonable to use effective dose as a rough indicator of possible risk, with the additional consideration of variation in risk with age, sex and population group.

Published
2016

12. Development and application of an HDF5 schema for SKA-scale image cube visualization

Author

A. Pinska, A. R. Taylor, A. Comrie, and R. Simmonds

Subjects
Software visualization, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Image cube, Astronomy and Astrophysics, computer.file_format, Hierarchical Data Format, File format, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Visualization, Radio telescope, Data visualization, Space and Planetary Science, Computer graphics (images), Schema (psychology), 0103 physical sciences, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, computer
Abstract

In this paper, we describe an HDF5 schema created to support the efficient visualization of the large image cubes that will be produced by SKA Phase 1 and precursor radio telescopes. We demonstrate how the “HDF5-IDIA” schema’s features can improve the performance of visualization software, using both low-level metrics and real-world tests of the schema’s implementation in CARTA, an image viewer that is being developed to replace the existing CyberSKA and CASA viewers.

Published
2020

14. Formation of a Heterometallic AlIII/SmIII Complex Involving a Novel [EtAl(2-py)2O]2– Ligand (2-py = 2-Pyridyl)

Author

Dominic S. Wright, Raúl García-Rodríguez, Hayley R. Simmonds, Wright, Dominic [0000-0002-9952-3877], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Ligand, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Oxygen, Styrene, Catalysis, samarium(II/III), Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Sandwich compound, Polymer chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, aluminate ligands, oxygen
Abstract

Controlled O2-oxidation of the Sm(II) sandwich compound [{EtAl(2-py)3}2Sm] (1a) gives the Sm(III)/Al(III) compound [{EtAl(2-py)3}{EtAl(2-py)2O}Sm]2 (2), containing the novel multifunctional dianionic ligand [EtAl(2-py)2O]2-. The formation of an O-bridged Al-O-Sm arrangement in the structure of 2 is potentially relevant to the catalytic epoxidation of styrene with dry air using heterobimetallic sandwich compounds like 1a.

Published
2014

15. Use of crown ethers to isolate intermediates in ammonia-borane dehydrocoupling reactions

Author

Andrew D. Bond, Raúl García-Rodríguez, Hayley R. Simmonds, Lucy K. Allen, Robert J. Less, and Dominic S. Wright

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Ammonia borane, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Medicinal chemistry, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Adduct, chemistry.chemical_compound, Deprotonation, chemistry, Borazine, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Organic chemistry, Lewis acids and bases, Boron
Abstract

The presence of 18-crown-6 in the Lewis acid-promoted dehydrocoupling reaction of ammonia borane permits isolation of [(THF)BH2NH3](+) and [BH2(NH3)2](+) cations. [(THF)BH2NH3](+) reacts with Lewis bases to give either boron adducts or by deprotonation at nitrogen to give borazine and ammonia-borane.

Published
2016

16. Epidemiology and outcome research in CKD 5D

Author

L. Coentrao, C. Ribeiro, C. Santos-Araujo, R. Neto, M. Pestana, W. Kleophas, A. Karaboyas, Y. LI, J. Bommer, R. Pisoni, B. Robinson, F. Port, G. Celik, B. Burcak Annagur, M. Yilmaz, T. Demir, F. Kara, K. Trigka, P. Dousdampanis, N. Vaitsis, S. Aggelakou-Vaitsi, K. Turkmen, I. Guney, F. Turgut, L. Altintepe, H. Z. Tonbul, E. Abdel-Rahman, P. Sclauzero, G. Galli, G. Barbati, M. Carraro, G. O. Panzetta, M. Van Diepen, M. Schroijen, O. Dekkers, F. Dekker, A. Sikole, G. Severova- Andreevska, L. Trajceska, S. Gelev, V. Amitov, S. Pavleska- Kuzmanovska, H. Rayner, R. Vanholder, M. Hecking, B. Jung, M. Leung, F. Huynh, T. Chung, S. Marchuk, M. Kiaii, L. Er, R. Werb, C. Chan-Yan, M. Beaulieu, P. Malindretos, P. Makri, G. Zagkotsis, G. Koutroumbas, G. Loukas, E. Nikolaou, M. Pavlou, E. Gourgoulianni, M. Paparizou, M. Markou, E. Syrgani, C. Syrganis, J. Raimann, L. A. Usvyat, V. Bhalani, N. W. Levin, P. Kotanko, X. Huang, P. Stenvinkel, A. R. Qureshi, U. Riserus, T. Cederholm, P. Barany, O. Heimburger, B. Lindholm, J. J. Carrero, J. H. Chang, J. Y. Sung, J. Y. Jung, H. H. Lee, W. Chung, S. Kim, J. S. Han, K. Y. Na, A. Fragoso, A. Pinho, A. Malho, A. P. Silva, E. Morgado, P. Leao Neves, N. Joki, Y. Tanaka, M. Iwasaki, S. Kubo, T. Hayashi, Y. Takahashi, K. Hirahata, Y. Imamura, H. Hase, C. Castledine, J. Gilg, C. Rogers, Y. Ben-Shlomo, F. Caskey, J. S. Sandhu, G. S. Bajwa, S. Kansal, J. Sandhu, A. Jayanti, M. Nikam, L. Ebah, A. Summers, S. Mitra, J. Agar, A. Perkins, R. Simmonds, A. Tjipto, S. Amet, V. Launay-Vacher, M. Laville, A. Tricotel, C. Frances, B. Stengel, J.-Y. Gauvrit, N. Grenier, G. Reinhardt, O. Clement, N. Janus, L. Rouillon, G. Choukroun, G. Deray, A. Bernasconi, R. Waisman, A. P. Montoya, A. A. Liste, R. Hermes, G. Muguerza, R. Heguilen, E. L. Iliescu, V. Martina, M. A. Rizzo, P. Magenta, L. Lubatti, G. Rombola, M. Gallieni, C. Loirat, H. Mellerio, M. Labeguerie, B. Andriss, E. Savoye, M. Lassale, C. Jacquelinet, C. Alberti, Y. Aggarwal, J. Baharani, S. Tabrizian, S. Ossareh, M. Zebarjadi, P. Azevedo, F. Travassos, I. Frade, M. Almeida, J. Queiros, F. Silva, A. Cabrita, R. Rodrigues, C. Couchoud, J. Kitty, S. Benedicte, C. Fergus, C. Cecile, B. Sahar, V. Emmanuel, J. Christian, E. Rene, H. Barahimi, M. Mahdavi-Mazdeh, M. Nafar, M. Petruzzi, M. De Benedittis, M. Sciancalepore, L. Gargano, P. Natale, M. C. Vecchio, V. Saglimbene, F. Pellegrini, G. Gentile, P. Stroumza, L. Frantzen, M. Leal, M. Torok, A. Bednarek, J. Dulawa, E. Celia, R. Gelfman, J. Hegbrant, C. Wollheim, S. Palmer, D. W. Johnson, P. J. Ford, J. C. Craig, G. F. Strippoli, M. Ruospo, B. El Hayek, B. Hayek, E. Baamonde, E. Bosch, J. I. Ramirez, G. Perez, A. Ramirez, A. Toledo, M. M. Lago, C. Garcia-Canton, M. D. Checa, B. Canaud, B. Lantz, A. Granger-Vallee, P. Lertdumrongluk, N. Molinari, J. Ethier, M. Jadoul, B. Gillespie, C. Bond, S. Wang, T. Alfieri, P. Braunhofer, B. Newsome, M. Wang, B. Bieber, M. Guidinger, L. Zuo, X. Yu, X. Yang, J. Qian, N. Chen, J. Albert, Y. Yan, S. Ramirez, M. Beresan, A. Lapidus, M. Canteli, A. Tong, B. Manns, J. Craig, G. Strippoli, M. Mortazavi, B. Vahdatpour, S. Shahidi, A. Ghasempour, D. Taheri, S. Dolatkhah, A. Emami Naieni, M. Ghassami, M. Khan, K. Abdulnabi, P. Pai, M. Vecchio, M. A. Muqueet, M. J. Hasan, M. A. Kashem, P. K. Dutta, F. X. Liu, L. Noe, T. Quock, N. Neil, G. Inglese, M. Motamed Najjar, B. Bahmani, A. Shafiabadi, J. Helve, M. Haapio, P.-H. Groop, C. Gronhagen-Riska, P. Finne, R. Sund, M. Cai, S. Baweja, A. Clements, A. Kent, R. Reilly, N. Taylor, S. Holt, L. Mcmahon, M. Carter, F. M. Van der Sande, J. Kooman, R. Malhotra, G. Ouellet, E. L. Penne, S. Thijssen, M. Etter, A. Tashman, A. Guinsburg, A. Grassmann, C. Barth, C. Marelli, D. Marcelli, G. Von Gersdorff, I. Bayh, L. Scatizzi, M. Lam, M. Schaller, T. Toffelmire, Y. Wang, P. Sheppard, L. Neri, V. A. Andreucci, L. A. Rocca-Rey, S. V. Bertoli, D. Brancaccio, G. De Berardis, G. Lucisano, D. Johnson, A. Nicolucci, C. Bonifati, S. D. Navaneethan, V. Montinaro, M. Zsom, A. Bednarek-Skublewska, G. Graziano, J. N. Ferrari, A. Santoro, A. Zucchelli, G. Triolo, S. Maffei, S. De Cosmo, V. M. Manfreda, L. Juillard, A. Rousset, F. Butel, S. Girardot-Seguin, T. Hannedouche, M. Isnard, Y. Berland, P. Vanhille, J.-P. Ortiz, G. Janin, P. Nicoud, M. Touam, E. Bruce, B. Grace, P. Clayton, A. Cass, S. Mcdonald, Y. Furumatsu, T. Kitamura, N. Fujii, S. Ogata, H. Nakamoto, K. Iseki, Y. Tsubakihara, C.-C. Chien, J.-J. Wang, J.-C. Hwang, H.-Y. Wang, W.-C. Kan, N. Kuster, L. Patrier, A.-S. Bargnoux, M. Morena, A.-M. Dupuy, S. Badiou, J.-P. Cristol, J.-M. Desmet, V. Fernandes, F. Collart, N. Spinogatti, J.-M. Pochet, M. Dratwa, E. Goffin, J. Nortier, D. S. Zilisteanu, M. Voiculescu, E. Rusu, C. Achim, R. Bobeica, S. Balanica, T. Atasie, S. Florence, S. Anne-Marie, L. Michel, C. Cyrille, A. Strakosha, N. Pasko, S. Kodra, N. Thereska, A. Lowney, E. Lowney, R. Grant, M. Murphy, L. Casserly, T. O' Brien, W. D. Plant, J. Radic, D. Ljutic, V. Kovacic, M. Radic, K. Dodig-Curkovic, M. Sain, I. Jelicic, T. Hamano, C. Nakano, S. Yonemoto, A. Okuno, M. Katayama, Y. Isaka, M. Nordio, A. Limido, M. Postorino, M. Nichelatti, M. Khil, I. Dudar, V. Khil, I. Shifris, M. Momtaz, A. R. Soliman, M. I. El Lawindi, P. Dzekova-Vidimliski, S. Pavleska-Kuzmanovska, I. Nikolov, G. Selim, T. Shoji, R. Kakiya, N. Tatsumi-Shimomura, Y. Tsujimoto, T. Tabata, H. Shima, K. Mori, S. Fukumoto, H. Tahara, H. Koyama, M. Emoto, E. Ishimura, Y. Nishizawa, and M. Inaba

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, Epidemiology, Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Outcome (game theory)
Published
2012

17. Real time neutral beam power control on MAST

Author

C. Tame, U. Kurutz, D. Payne, D. L. Keeling, V. Dunkley, M. R. Simmonds, D. B. King, D. A. Homfray, I.E. Day, R. King, A. Benn, P. Stevenson, D. Ciric, and S. Khilar

Subjects
Alternative methods, Physics, Downtime, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Injector, Plasma, Beam system, law.invention, Mast (sailing), Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, General Materials Science, business, Civil and Structural Engineering, Power control, Perveance
Abstract

Real time power control of neutral beam provides an excellent tool for many different plasma physics studies. Power control at a better resolution than the level of a single injector is usually achieved by modulating individual power supplies. However, the short beam slowing down time on MAST is such that the plasma would be sensitive to modulating the neutral beam using this 100% on–off pulse–width modulation method. A novel alternative method of power control has been demonstrated, where the arc current, and hence beam current, has been controlled in real time allowing variations in neutral beam power. This has been demonstrated in a MAST plasma with almost no loss of transmission as a consequence of the optical properties of the high perveance MAST neutral beam system. This paper will detail the methodology, experiment and results and discuss the full implementation of this method that will allow MAST to control the beam power in real time.

Published
2011

18. Antares: A Scalable, Real-Time, Fault Tolerant Data Store for Spatial Analysis

Author

Paul Watson, R Simmonds, and Jonathan Halliday

Subjects
Multidimensional analysis, Geospatial analysis, Computer science, business.industry, Distributed computing, Search engine indexing, Cloud computing, Fault tolerance, computer.software_genre, NoSQL, Scalability, Data mining, business, computer, Spatial analysis
Abstract

The growth of mobile devices has significantly increased the velocity and volume of location-based data. Whilst there is enormous potential for applications that exploit this data in real-time, storing and querying it in real-time creates significant challenges. Traditional RDBMS systems are not sufficiently scalable, while typical cloud-based solutions such as map-reduce do not possess the capabilities required for real-time, spatial-data processing. Therefore, new approaches are needed. In this paper we explore the use of NoSQL technologies. These offer scalability, availability and fault tolerance, but -- as we show -- do not perform well with spatial data. Therefore, in this paper we address this challenge by enhancing existing spatial indexing structures with novel algorithms for inserting and searching spatial data. We have implemented this in a NoSQL solution (Antares), and evaluated it against two other NoSQL solutions, and a range of indexing structures: Kd-Tree, Quad Tree and Geohashing. The results show that Antares significantly outperforms the other approaches.

Published
2015

19. MAST neutral beam long pulse upgrade

Author

C. Waldon, A. Borthwick, Elizabeth Surrey, S.J. Gee, M. R. Simmonds, A. Whitehead, T. Mutters, L. Hackett, R.E. Baldwin, P. Stevenson, J. Milnes, G.W Crawford, R.C. Stephen, R.T.C. Smith, D. A. Homfray, S.E.V. Warder, D. Ciric, D. Martin, and D. Young

Subjects
Tokamak, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Injector, Plasma, Spherical tokamak, Fusion power, Ion source, Neutral beam injection, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, law, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Until summer 2003 two Neutral Beam Injectors (NBI), each equipped with one duopigatron ion source on loan from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), were delivering up to 3 MW of deuterium neutral beam power into the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) plasma for a duration of up to 300 ms. The two ORNL injectors are now being replaced with JET type Positive Ion Neutral Injectors (PINIs). The MAST PINI design is a modification of the JET high current tetrode injector, with nominal deuterium beam voltage and current of 75 kV and 65 A, respectively. Each injector will deliver up to 2.5 MW of deuterium neutral beam power (in excess of 1 MW in hydrogen) for pulse lengths of up to 5 s. In addition to the replacement of the two injectors, many other components of the MAST NBI system are being replaced or modified. The various design issues of the upgraded MAST NBI system are addressed.

Published
2005

20. A Platform for Analysing Stream and Historic Data with Efficient and Scalable Design Patterns

Author

Paul Watson, R Simmonds, Paolo Missier, and J. Halliday

Subjects
Distributed database, View, Computer science, business.industry, NoSQL, computer.software_genre, Data science, World Wide Web, Identification (information), User experience design, Analytics, Scalability, Social media, business, computer
Abstract

Social media is an increasingly popular method for people to share information and interact with each other. Analysis of social media data has the potential to provide useful insights in a wide range of domains including social science, advertising and policing. Social media information is produced in real-time, and so analysis that can give insights into events as they occur can be particularly valuable. Similarly, analytics platforms providing low latency query responses can improve the user experience for ad-hoc data exploration on historic data sets. However, the rate at which new data is generated makes it a real challenge to design a system that can meet both of these challenges. This paper describes the deisgn and evaluation of such a system. Firstly, it describes how a meta-analysis of the types of questions that were being asked of Twitter data led to the identification of a small set of queries that could be used to answer the majority of them. Secondly, it describes the design of a scalable platform for answering these and other queries. The architecture is described: it is cloud-based, and combines both continuous query, and noSQL database technology. Evaluation results are presented which show that the system can scale to process queries on streaming data arriving at the rate of the full Twitter firehose. Experiments show that queries on large repositories of stored historic data can also be answered with low latency. Finally, we present the results of queries that combine both streaming and historic data.

Published
2014

21. Tweet My Street: A Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration for the Analysis of Local Twitter Data

Author

Ranald Richardson, Paul Watson, GW Mearns, Paolo Missier, R Simmonds, and Mark Turner

Subjects
lcsh:T58.5-58.64, lcsh:Information technology, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, social media, Digital content, Big data, neogeography, Data science, geo-location, big data, social inquiry, World Wide Web, Geolocation, Coproduction, Software, Neogeography, Complaint, Social media, business
Abstract

Tweet My Street is a cross-disciplinary project exploring the extent to which data derived from Twitter can reveal more about spatial and temporal behaviours and the meanings attached to these locally. This is done with a longer-term view to supporting the coproduction and delivery of local services, complaint mechanisms and horizontal community support networks. The project has involved the development of a web-based software application capable of retrieving, storing and visualising geo-located “tweets” (and associated digital content) from Twitter’s Firehose. This has been piloted in Newcastle upon Tyne (UK) and has proven a scalable tool that can aid the analysis of social media data geographically. Beyond explaining efforts to analyse pilot data via this software, this paper elucidates three methodological challenges encountered during early collaboration. These include issues relating to “proximity” with subjects, ethics and critical questions about scholars’ digital responsibilities during the neogeographic turn.

Published
2014
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22. Antenatal depression and children's developmental outcomes: potential mechanisms and treatment options

Author

Jessica R. Simmonds, Dale F. Hay, Stephanie Helena Maria Van Goozen, and Cerith S. Waters

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Offspring, media_common.quotation_subject, Developmental Disabilities, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Child Development, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Animals, Humans, Psychiatry, Child, Depression (differential diagnoses), media_common, Depressive Disorder, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Mental health, Child development, Pregnancy Complications, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Antenatal depression, Temperament, Female, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

During the last decade there has been increased recognition of the prevalence of antenatal depression as well as an expansion in research examining the impact of maternal mood during pregnancy on offspring development. The aim of this review was to summarise the theoretical underpinnings and empirical evidence regarding the impact of antenatal depression on children's developmental outcomes. Biological mechanisms hypothesised to account for an association between antenatal depression and adverse offspring outcomes are first identified including the functioning of the prenatal Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis and epigenetic processes. A systematic literature search is then conducted of studies examining the impact of antenatal depression on child development. In general, studies examining associations between antenatal depression and offspring temperament, cognitive and emotional outcomes reveal either no effect of the prenatal environment or small effects that often attenuate following adjustment for other antenatal and postnatal risk factors. In contrast, an independent effect of antenatal depression on children's conduct problems and antisocial behaviour is a well-replicated finding. There is emerging evidence that exposure to depression during pregnancy impacts negatively on offspring biology, although the findings are complex and require replication. Psychological and pharmacological treatments of antenatal depression are then reviewed, considering whether antidepressant medication exerts harmful effects on the foetus. We close by proposing that antenatal depression is an early marker of a developmental cascade to future mental health problems for both mothers and offspring.

Published
2014

23. Reactivity and catalytic activity of tert-butoxy-aluminium hydride reagents

Author

Dominic S. Wright, Hayley R. Simmonds, and Robert J. Less

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Ligand, Reagent, Inorganic chemistry, Pyridine, Reactivity (chemistry), Aluminium hydride, Ring (chemistry), Medicinal chemistry, Stoichiometry, Catalysis
Abstract

The reactivity and catalytic activities of the tert-butoxy aluminium hydride reagents [((t)BuO)xAlH3-x] [x = 1 (1), 2 (2)] and (L)Li[((t)BuO)2AlH2] [L = THF (3), 1,4-dioxane (4)] are investigated. The structural characterisation of the novel compounds 3 and 4 shows that the nature of the hydridic species present is affected dramatically by the donor ligand coordinating the Li(+) cation. Stoichiometric reaction of 1 with pyridine gives [(1,4-H-pyrid-1-yl)4Al](-)[(pyridine)4AlH2](+) (5) while reaction with the amine-borane Me2NHBH3 in the presence of PMDETA [(Me2NCH2CH2)2NMe] affords [(PMDETA)AlH2](+)[(BH3)2NMe2](-) (6). The reagents 1-4 catalyse the dehydrocoupling reaction of the amine-borane Me2NHBH3 into the ring compound [Me2NBH2]2, with the activity decreasing in the order 1≫2∼34. The greater reactivity of the neutral dihydride 1 provides the potential basis for future catalytic optimisation.

Published
2014
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24. The MAST neutral beam injection system

Author

C.C Tsai, S. Gee, G.W Crawford, D. Martin, M. R. Simmonds, D.J Hurford, S.E.V. Warder, M.P.S. Nightingale, and R.T.C. Smith

Subjects
Materials science, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Injector, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutral beam injection, Cathode, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Mast (sailing), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Beamline, law, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, Voltage
Abstract

Two neutral beam injectors will provide both plasma heating and current drive on the MAST tokamak using beamlines on loan from Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Progress is reported regarding the following engineering challenges in achieving beam energies up to 70 keV and pulse lengths up to 5 s: design of carbon fibre composite, hypervapotron and inertial beamline components capable of withstanding high heat fluxes; re-design of the ORNL accelerators to improve voltage capability and reliability; and the design and commissioning of indirectly-heated cathodes capable of 5 s operation.

Published
2001

25. ‘Hyperreality’ in the shire: Bicester Village and the village of Bicester

Author

Alan Reeve and R Simmonds

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Geography, Planning and Development, Urban design, Civil engineering, Shire, Urban Studies, Hyperreality, Landscape architecture, Aesthetics, Urban planning, High Street, Architecture, business, Urbanism
Abstract

Using the concept of hyperreality as articulated by the French theorist Jean Baudrillard, this paper explores the problematic of aesthetic authenticity in urban design practice, particularly as revealed in the form of contemporary and purpose built shopping environments. Beginning with an explanation of this complex term, we go on to illustrate its ramifications for design through a detailed comparison between a traditional high street in an English market town, which has been retro-fitted to compete with a factory retail outlet built on its edge. The paper is the first of a two-part piece, the second of which will revisit the work of Goffman to help explain how the new, themed, leisure environments raise questions about the authenticity of behaviour and engagement in such theatrical settings.

Published
2000

26. Legal Problems Arising From the United Nations Military Operations in the Congo

Author

R. Simmonds and R. Simmonds

Subjects
Sociology, Social sciences, Political science
Abstract

Few episodes in recent history have aroused as much controversy as the United Nations military operations in the Congo. This controversy has no simple, straight-forward, and uniform explanation. Part of the explanation is to be found in the successes and failure of the operation itself; part in its labyrinthine international ramifications. But the most important explanation lies in its significance as a precedent. The ability of the Organization to take'collective measures'to maintain law and order within the territory of a Member State, albeit as a means of preserving international peace, was demonstrated, challenged and criticized. So much has been reported of the details and so varied has been the commentary that only the most intrepid spirit would venture something more with which to detain interested parties. The present study does not pretend to uncover new data so as to complete or correct the his­ torical record; it attempts, rather, to reflect on what has already been brought out and, against that background of factual knowledge, to indi­ cate and examine the legal problems involved. In so doing, it has been necessary to be ruthless in deciding what are central issues and in re­ jecting what is often interesting but probably peripheral.

Published
2012

28. Development of multi-platform control and instrumentation communications to increase operational reliability - application to MAST

Author

D. Payne, R. King, K. Deakin, B. Whitehead, C. Tame, D. A. Homfray, S. Khilar, and M. R. Simmonds

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Physics - Plasma Physics, Neutral beam injection, Reliability engineering, Mast (sailing), Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Operational reliability, Software, Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, SCADA, General Materials Science, business, Multi platform, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Improving the reliability and reducing the maintenance time to give increased availability is a key feature of developing control & instrumentation (C&I) systems relevant to future fusion devices such as DEMO and to fusion power plants. Standardising access to the multiple platforms comprising C&I systems on working plant including software that analyses data is one aspect of achieving this. This has been realised on the MAST Neutral Beam Injection system (MNBI) following an extensive upgrade to the C&I, to improve the operational reliability of the neutral beam plant., 4 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013
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29. An assessment of the present and future implications of radioactive contamination of west Cumbria

Author

J R Simmonds, A Mayall, and T Cabianca

Subjects
Radionuclide, Dose limit, Waste management, Impact assessment, Radiological weapon, Radioactive contamination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental science, General Medicine, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

The Sellafield nuclear fuels reprocessing plant operated by BNFL on the Cumbrian coast in the UK has been discharging radionuclides to the marine and atmospheric environments since the early 1950s. In recent years the site has been the subject of a series of radiological impact assessments carried out by the NRPB. The paper summarises and presents the results of one particular study: an assessment of the average individual doses in west Cumbria over the next two centuries from past and projected future discharges from the site. In all cases doses were below the dose limit for the general public.

Published
1996

30. Food consumption rates for use in generalised radiological dose assessments

Author

J Byrom, J R Simmonds, B Walters, R R Taylor, and C Robinson

Subjects
Estimation, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Food consumption, General Medicine, Work (electrical), Agriculture, Environmental health, Radiological weapon, Medicine, Survey data collection, Christian ministry, business, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

In 1990, the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) Working Party on Radionuclides in Food agreed that a standard set of UK food consumption data was needed for the estimation of radiation doses from ingestion. It was decided that MAFF and the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) as two of the main users of such figures would work together to produce a set of revised food consumption data. Tn the past MAFF and NRPB have used food consumption data which have differed slightly in detail. The aim of the work described is to provide an agreed set of data for general use in the two organisations and elsewhere, for example by local authorities and nuclear operators. The availability of survey data on dietary habits, collected within the past 12 years, for adults, schoolchildren and infants offered the opportunity for revising the previous estimates of food consumption and producing a new and comprehensive set of data.

Published
1995

32. Patient need at the heart of workforce planning: the use of supply and demand analysis in a large teaching hospital's acute medical unit

Author

L Poole, M J R Simmonds, and I R Le Jeune

Subjects
Medical unit, business.industry, Process (engineering), Professional Issues, media_common.quotation_subject, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, General Medicine, State Medicine, United Kingdom, Supply and demand, Teaching hospital, Patient need, Resource (project management), Nursing, Medical Staff, Hospital, Medicine, Workforce planning, Humans, Operations management, Quality (business), business, Hospitals, Teaching, Hospital Units, Needs Assessment, media_common
Abstract

Timely medical assessment is integral to the safety and quality of healthcare delivery in acute medicine. Medical staff are an expensive resource. This study aimed to develop a modelling system that facilitated efficient workforce planning according to patient need on the acute medical unit. A realistic 24-hour ‘supply’ of junior doctors was calculated by adjusting the theoretical numbers on the rota for leave allowances, natural breaks and other ward duties by a combination of direct observation of working practice and junior doctor interviews. ‘Demand’ was analysed using detailed admission data. Supply and demand were then integrated with data from a survey of the time spent on the process of clerking and assessment of medical admissions. A robust modelling system that predicted the number of unclerked patients was developed. The utility of the model was assessed by demonstrating the impact of a regulation-compliant redesign of the rota using existing staff and by predicting the most efficient use of an additional shift. This simple modelling system has the potential to enhance quality of care and efficiency by linking workforce planning to patient need.

Published
2012

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