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The steganography is a graceful tactic to convey the confidential information to an authorized recipient with the most reliable safety measure which leads to avoiding the breaches of data security. Nowadays the significance of taking strong protection measures in data communication medium has a challenging task because of the security related issues which are developed by unauthorized intervention. This presentation intends to provide a new approach based on a combination of Steganography and Cryptography procedure for inserting the hidden data into a cover object and obtain high data embedding capacity with an improved security level. In this approach, the Elliptic Curve Cryptography algorithm is used to encrypt the hidden information and the encrypted data inserted into a cover object by the process of the LSB Inversion algorithm. This blend of technology has successfully reached the benchmark level of some essential properties known as data confidentiality, integrity verification, capacity and robustness which are the evidence to prove the excellent performance and effective implementation of this steganography process. This new approach intensely tested through several steganalysis attacks such as analysis of visual, histogram, and chi-square. The outcome of the experimental result shown that the stego image has delivered the strong opposition force against all attacks. The data embedding capacity has attained at an improved level compared with typical methods.

With the spread of digital data across the world through the internet, the security of private information has raised concern as the data is the primary component of computer communication and lots of techniques are available to afford adequate protection to store the data securely. The cryptography and steganography methodologies are the most ideal ways to provide adequate safety in the field of data communication. Combining steganography with cryptography would be a perfect choice and pictures are the foremost common cover pictures for steganography. The present work focuses on the picture as cover-media and thus image-based steganography and cryptography methodologies are developed to attain significant characteristics such as enhancing data security, very high embedding capacity, and high stego image quality. The Blowfish encryption algorithm is used to enhance security. Uses Range Technique and Random Number Generator also to increase the hiding capacity. In arrange to arbitrarily select the pixel positions the information must cover-up in utilizing the Random Number Generator. The Range Technique is used for hiding the data in the corresponding pixel positions based on the pixel intensities. By fixing the range based on the intensities we can embed more data in an image without changing the image quality. To assess the image quality, the effectiveness of the stego image can be measured by certain common measurements such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Mean Squared Error. Theproposed method tested extensively through many attacks on steganalysis, such as histogram and chi-square analysis.

Cardiovascular disease is the most fatal disease in today modern human certainty. This disease affects a person so rapidly that there is barely any time they need the treatment. Therefore, it is most difficult job for the medical diagnosis to identify patients accurately on a timely basis. For reducing the cardiovascular disease, an effective feature selection technique and classification based prediction technique is adopted. On high-dimensional medical data, an appropriate feature selection technique as black hole optimization (BHO) algorithm is proposed to select the relevant features for diagnosis. Thereafter, obtained features from the medical dataset are given to the XGBoost classifier for performing classification. Our experimental research shows that integration of BHO and XGBoost technique is used to finds reduced subsets and it also enhances the diagnostic accuracy, when compare with the existing classifiers.

Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia constitutes around 3-5% of all childhood malignancies. It is characterized by t(9;22) with BCR-ABL1 fusion and p210 transcript. A 9-year-old male child presented with hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, marked leucocytosis, basophilia, myelocyte metamyelocyte peak, and 4% blasts in the differential count. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score was reduced and p210 transcript of BCR-ABL1 was identified by a polymerase chain reaction. Bone marrow was hypercellular with increased granulopoiesis, dyspoietic megakaryocytes and grade III reticulin fibrosis. The patient was treated with imatinib and showed a hematological response within one month and has a stable disease for the last 24 months. Owing to lack of specific guidelines on management and monitoring of pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia, it managed according to the adult guidelines by European leukemia Net or National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Drug toxicities, effect on growth, vaccination, and fertility are pressing issues in management of pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia with current first-line therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, characterized by its unique morphology. Modern-day diagnostic methods like flow cytometry have limitations in accurate diagnosis of the disease making morphology the mainstay for its diagnosis and adequate management. Here, we present a case of IVLBCL with emphasis on diagnostic aids and adjuncts. A 63-year-old female presented with fever of unknown origin, seizers, hepatosplenomegaly, and peripheral cytopenias. Bone marrow aspirate shows a small number of atypical lymphoid cells. Flow cytometry done on the aspirate yielded 7% abnormal lymphoid cells; however, further, subclassification of this non-Hodgkin lymphoma was not aided by it. Bone marrow biopsy revealed the intrasinusoidal localization of the tumor cells, which were positive for CD20, BCL2, and Mum1 and along with flow cytometric expression of CD5 and lambda restriction of tumor cells; a diagnosis of IVLBCL was made. IVLBCL is a rare entity with protean clinical presentation which frequently leads to a delay in diagnosis. Modern diagnostic modalities like flow cytometry help in picking up even a small number of tumor cells; however, it is limited by failure to subcategorize the entity making morphology and immunohistochemistry as the backbone of its diagnostic workup.

The architecture development of cloud computing technology is growing tremendously in recent times, which leads to improvement of scalability, accessibility and cost reduction measures in the IT sectors of all enterprises. In this service, the data storage without reviewing security policies and procedures is a challenging task and probabilities of extracting secret information by an unauthorized intervention are more. However, to prevent the breaches of security in the cloud service, the steganography art plays an essential role in the data communication medium to improve the security measures, and it is an indispensable technique for hiding the secret information into a cover object. This paper describes the implementation of new steganography method with International Data Encryption Standard Algorithm (IDEA) and Least Significant Bit Grouping (LSBG) algorithm for embedding the secret information into an original image and extracting the same. The result shows the improvement of data embedding capacity and reduces the issues related to data security by effective utilization of this new approach, which reveals the remarkable achievement of the combinational execution of steganography and cryptography technique. The IDEA and LSBG have some vital qualities such as data confidentiality, integrity verification, capacity and robustness, which are crucial factors to achieve successful implementation of steganography process in data security system. The effectiveness and properties of the stego image can be evaluated by some specific measures like mean squared error, root mean squared error, peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index matrix to analyse the image quality. The results show that the proposed technique outperforms the existing methodologies and resolves the data security problem in data transmission and storage system of cloud computing services.

Audio file steganography can be used as an effective and efficient method to hide messages. LSB based approach is the simplest steganographic technique among the various types for hiding secret information in audio formats. The approach is decided independent of the relationship between audio samples and the size of the secret messages. Efficiency of the output message is reduced when low data rate is used for hiding the message in lower power audio samples. The performance of data hiding in high power of audio is discussed in this paper. To identify the higher frequency, range from a given sample carrier and to hide the messages in the identified range, the LSBMR algorithm is used. The carrier wave is pre-processed in order to reduce the possibilities of intrusion detection. Experimentation of the adaptive steganography is performed on the files that are in. wav format. PSNR and MSE parameters are used for performance analysis. The threshold value of the audio carrier is depending upon the length of the message is used. The content of the secret information and threshold value of the carrier audio decides the number of samples for evaluation.

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile devices which are connected by wireless links without the use of any fixed infrastructures or centralized access points. The Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol is an important proactive routing protocol designed for mobile ad hoc networks. It employs periodic exchange of messages to maintain topology information of the network at each node. Based on topology information, each node is able to calculate the optimal route to a destination. One major DoS attack against the Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) known as the node isolation attack occurs when topological knowledge of the network is exploited by an attacker who is able to isolate the victim from the rest of the network and subsequently deny communication services to the victim. The proposed method named Denial Contradictions with Fictitious Node Mechanism (DCFM) relies on the internal knowledge acquired by each node during routine routing, and augmentation of virtual (fictitious) nodes. Moreover, DCFM utilizes the same techniques used by the attack in order to prevent it. DCFM successfully prevents the attack, specifically in the realistic scenario in which all nodes in the network are mobile.

Video Steganography deals with hiding secret data or information within a video. In this paper, a spatial domain technique for LSB Matching Revisited algorithm (LSBMR) has been proposed, where the secret information is embedded in the cover frames. LSB Matching Revisited(LSBMR) algorithm selects the embedding regions according to the size of secret message and the difference between two consecutive pixels in the cover image. For embedding rates is lower , only sharper edge regions are used while keeping the other smoother regions as they are. In the proposed approach, LSB Matching Revisited algorithm is used to embed the secret message into the video. Hence large amounts of data can be embedded and also preserving higher visual quality of stego images at the same time.The proposed method is analyzed in terms of both Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) compared to the original cover video as well as the Mean Squared Error (MSE) measured between the original and steganographic files averaged over all video frames.

This paper attempts to assess the causes as well as the consequences of the social conflict in Saranatham village in 1948. The first section attempts to reconstruct the agrarian relations of the pre-conflict period i.e., 1947. The second section explains the origin of social movements by the labouring class (Scheduled Castes) and their role in the social transformation in that village. The third section discuses the causes of the conflict and the last section ends with the concluding observations of this paper.

In the cation of the title compound, [Cd(CH(5)N(3)S)(2)(C(2)H(6)OS)(2)](C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7))(2)·2H(2)O, the Cd(II) atom is located on an inversion center. It is hexa-coordinated in an octahedral fashion by two thio-semicarbazide mol-ecules, which coordinate in a bidentate manner via the S and N atoms, and to the O atom of two dimethyl sufoxide (DMSO) mol-ecules. The charges are equilibrated by two picrate anions and the complex crystallizes as a dihydrate. In the crystal, these units are linked by a number of O-H⋯O and N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network.

The title complex, [Zn(CH(5)N(3)S)(2)(C(2)H(6)OS)](C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7))(2)·C(2)H(6)OS·H(2)O, is composed of a [Zn(thio-semi-carbazide)(2)(DMSO)](2+) cation (where DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide), and two picrate anions. In the asymmetric unit, there is also a solvent mol-ecule of DMSO and a water mol-ecule of crystallization. In the cation, the Zn(II) atom is five-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. It coordinates to the O atom of a DMSO mol-ecule and to the S and one N atom of two thio-semicarbazide mol-ecules, which behave as bidentate ligands coordinating in a trans arrangement. In the crystal, a number of N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O and N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into two-dimensional networks. These networks are further linked via weak C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional arrangement. Positional disorder in one methyl group of the coordinated DMSO molecule and in the two picrate anions was observed.

The important question of this research paper is how values of business culture of a family influence entrepreneurial activities of a woman during “start-up” stage of entrepreneurial venture? This paper tries to find out linkages between women entrepreneurs and their family support. It is perceived that though many factors are influencing women entrepreneurial development, traditional cultural and family's business culture are having a major supporting factor in formation and management of small and medium retail business (SMRB). Family's business culture refers entrepreneurial intent, business start-up support, socialization for business contacts and risk-taking attitude etc. As it is an empirical study, 25 women entrepreneurs/managers from SMRB were interviewed with a view to understand some specific attributes of women entrepreneurs hailing from family's business culture. This study has several theoretical and practical implications, particularly, many suggestions to policy makers, NGOs, retail professionals and other stakeholders.

The title complex, [Zn(CH5N3S)2(C2H6OS)](C6H2N3O7)2·C2H6OS·H2O, is composed of a [Zn(thio­semi­carbazide)2(DMSO)]2+ cation (where DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide), and two picrate anions. In the asymmetric unit, there is also a solvent mol­ecule of DMSO and a water mol­ecule of crystallization. In the cation, the ZnII atom is five-coordinated in a distorted square–pyramidal geometry. It coordinates to the O atom of a DMSO mol­ecule and to the S and one N atom of two thio­semicarbazide mol­ecules, which behave as bidentate ligands coordinating in a trans arrangement. In the crystal, a number of N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into two-dimensional networks. These networks are further linked via weak C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming a three-dimensional arrangement. Positional disorder in one methyl group of the coordinated DMSO molecule and in the two picrate anions was observed.

In the title compound, [CdI2{(C6H5)3PO}2], the CdII atom is ligated by two I atoms and two O atoms from two triphenylphosphine oxide ligands in a disorted tetrahedral arrangement. While the O—Cd—I angles vary from 106.67 (7) to 111.23 (7)°, the O—Cd—O angle is 88.60 (10)° and the I—Cd—I angle angle is 125.47 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by van der Waals forces only.

In the cation of the title compound, [Cd(CH5N3S)2(C2H6OS)2](C6H2N3O7)2·2H2O, the CdII atom is located on an inversion center. It is hexa­coordinated in an octahedral fashion by two thio­semicarbazide mol­ecules, which coordinate in a bidentate manner via the S and N atoms, and to the O atom of two dimethyl sufoxide (DMSO) mol­ecules. The charges are equilibrated by two picrate anions and the complex crystallizes as a dihydrate. In the crystal, these units are linked by a number of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming a three-dimensional network.