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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are all age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The evaluation of AD and PD each is the onset of Dementia, which reasons memory impairment irreversibly, orientation, comprehension, gaining knowledge of any new things, and taking the judgment. A unifying feature of Alzheimer’s ailment (AD) and Parkinson’s ailment (PD) is the build-up and processing of mutant or damaged intra and extracellular proteins; this results in neuronal vulnerability and ailment with inside the brain. With high-overall performance computational gear and diverse deep learning (DL) strategies, those modalities have found thrilling opportunities for figuring out and diagnosing neurological disorders. The machine proposes deep learning (DL)-primarily based totally strategies to hit upon neurological disorders that specialize in Alzheimer’s ailment, Parkinson’s ailment from MRI data obtained the usage of exceptional modalities along with practical and structural MRI. The study makes use of predefined deep learning structures and fine tunes them to acquire the purpose of locating the ailment in patients with the accuracy of 99.07%, deep mastering is the subset of gadget mastering in which neural networks and numerous different forms of layers are merged collectively to shape a model to system a photograph and predict. The several DL architectures during distinctive troubles and imaging suggest the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) out performs exceptional techniques in detecting neurological disorders.

The financial market is combined with many instruments, which supports to function the market without any deviation and helps to develop the economy. The present paper aims to investigate the various types of treasury bills traded in the money markets and its performance and growth from the year 2011-12 to 2020-21. The secondary data were collected from various websites of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). The collected data were analysed by applying simple percentage analysis, Annual Growth Rate (AGR), and Compound Annual Growth Rate to assess the performance of Treasury bill (T-Bills).

Experimental evaluation of tensile and flexural strength of a hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates with various stacking sequences is laborious, expensive and requires high time, energy and labor force. Computer based finite element analysis using Ansys provides an easy, inexpensive and speedy process to evaluate the various mechanical strengths of composite materials. In this study, an attempt was made to carry out the finite element analysis to evaluate the tensile and flexural strength of carbon-kevlar hybrid composite with different stacking sequences using Ansys. The experimental validation for best stacking sequence has also been conducted. The analysis results showed that, the sample with stacking sequence of C-K-C-C-K-K-C-C-K-C recorded with highest tensile strength as 285.16 MPa and highest flexural strength of 658.56 MPa. The experimental validation showed that the analysis result closely matches with the experimental result with 1.28% error. This error may be due to the influence of extraneous factors during fabrication.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects human by destroying the immune system. The types of HIV strains HIV-1 and HIV-2, among HIV-1 being more prevalent and considered deadly. Eventually either of the strains leads to disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Traditional medicinal plants have a pivotal role in the modern pharmacological process due to their rich composition of secondary metabolites with significant biological activity. Computational tools are gaining momentum as they predict with higher accuracy, robust and provide insight in the interaction of small molecule with the disease target protein. This study was conducted for understanding the interaction mode of Phyto compounds with Env spike proteins of HIV. The compounds are studied for ADME properties and molecular docking using Schrodinger software was performed. From the results, Ethyl gallate was observed with least docking score and higher binding affinity for HIV-ENV protein (4CC8) and Cinnamyl acetate (cis/trans) with HIV-1-ENV protein (6ULC).

3D Printing or Additive Manufacturing is one of a novel method in manufacturing of materials with increased accuracy of manufacturing in terms of complexity in parts, design of aerospace and defense parts, light-weighting, etc., This manufacturing method involves layer-by-layer printing or deposition of materials or metals into the perfectly aligned especially in corners, edges and in most complex designs. The design process mostly involved software so that production cost could be estimated in the design stage itself. Additive Manufacturing is one of the most promising approach for small and low-volume productions. The filament used for the process is prominent to the designer, along with the various printing processes. Recent modern printing techniques involve multiple nozzles, whereas designers can use multiple materials on single printing. The use of multi-material in a single part enables the manufacturer to rapidly produce products which have specific applications. This chapter discusses about various multi-material with different mechanical properties that can be used for structural applications through different printing technologies on various precious applications. This technology is quickly adopted by even small-scale industries in recent times.

A study was planned on the nutritive value of meat in commercial native chicken (CNC), backyard native chicken (BNC), commercial broiler (CB) and spent layer chicken (SLC). An experiment was conducted on 12 birds of either sex in each class. Birds were slaughtered by Jatka method and nutritional composition and protein quality of each group were studied for breast and leg meat separately. Protein quality (biological value, true digestibility and net protein utility) of meat was studied by precision feeding trial in adult cockerels. Cholesterol content was Significantly lower in CB and CNC. The true digestibility, biological value and net protein utility in SLC were Significantly lower than other categories. Biological value and net protein utility was Significantly higher (P

The current research is concerned with the production of an LM25-FE3O4—Gr metal matrix hybrid composites (MMHCs) and the analysis of its dry sliding wear conditions. The hybrid composites were made out of 3 wt% Fe3O4 and 4 wt% Gr particles with a mesh size of 200 meshes and were made using the stir casting method. Wear test on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal arrays employs three process parameters: load, sliding velocity, and distance, each changed for three levels on a pin-on-disc tester position. The wear behavior of hybrid composite was investigated using loads of 20 N, 40 N, and 60 N; velocities of 2 m/s, 4 m/s, and 6 m/s; and distances of 1,000 m, 2,000 m, and 3,000 m. The major parameters were developed utilizing the signal-to-noise ratio by selecting “smaller-is-better” wear rates and COF features. FESEM was used to look at the worn surfaces of the composite specimen in order to determine the wear mechanism. Wear properties are enhanced in materials having aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites. According to the ANOVA table, the load parameter has the greatest impact on wear resistance and coefficient of friction, with maximum load values of 35.64 N and 5.782 N, respectively.

A new mono(bis(2-(4-butylphenyl)imino)methyl)phenoxy)zinc(II)dichloride (MBPMP) single crystal was grown by slow evaporation technique in ethanol. Single crystal XRD studies confirm that the MBPMP crystal is mononuclear, with tetragonal coordination geometry and P41212 noncentrosymmetric space group. The FT-IR spectral analysis was used for identifying the functional groups and bonding nature present in the MBPMP crystal. The UV–Visible-NIR studies reveals that the MBPMP single crystal exhibits a very broad transparency window in the near infrared and visible regions between 220 to 1200 nm and the optical transparency of the MBPMP crystal is 99.49% with the lower cut-off wavelength of 220 nm. The optical energy band gap evaluated from the transmission spectrum was found to be 5.63 eV. The Vickers microhardness number [1.8544 P/d2 kg/mm3] and the work hardening coefficient number (n = 2.326) indicates that the MBPMP single crystal is soft natured. TGA/DSC analysis of the title coordination compound indicated that there is no weight loss up to 209 °C indicating that the grown MBPMP crystal is thermally stable up to 209 °C. MBPMP single crystal exhibits lower dielectric constant and lower dielectric loss at higher frequencies indicating good quality optical crystal. The second harmonic generation efficiency of the MBPMP crystal by using Kurtz’s powder technique employing Q-switched Nd: YAG laser found that the intensity of bright green light emission is 1.2 times greater than that of standard KDP crystal. The laser damage threshold value of the MBPMP single crystal was calculated to be 3.86 GW/cm2.

This is the first report on the use of a nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin film coated glass reactor as an efficient tool for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones via multicomponent reactions of aldehydes, a β-ketoester, and urea/thiourea in ethanol at 78–80 °C. A nanocrystalline CdS thin film was prepared by the chemical bath deposition technique. The nanocrystalline CdS thin film was also effective for the efficient synthesis of a new class of carbazolyl dihydropyrimidinones and carbazolyl dihydropyrimidinthione derivatives in good yields. The CdS thin film was characterized by powder XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, EDS analysis and FT-IR studies. The average crystallite size of 30.3 nm for the CdS nanoparticles was determined from the powder XRD plot using the Scherrer formula. Based on SEM analysis the particle size distribution of CdS nanoparticles is in the range of 23.2 to 33.9 nm. The effect of temperature, substituents and catalyst loading on the reaction was also studied. All the products were thoroughly characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, mass spectral and CHN analysis. Lipinski evaluations of the products were carried out to predict the oral bioavailability of the carbazolyl dihydropyrimidinones and carbazolyl dihydropyrimidinthiones. The advantages of this improved protocol for Biginelli reactions are high yields, easy separation, a recyclable catalyst, etc.

In the present investigation, we report an efficient, direct, one-pot synthesis of mononuclear, mono(bis(2-(4-butylphenyl)imino)methyl)phenoxy)zinc(II)dichloride complex (C34H38Cl2N2O2)Zn in ethanol. The synthesized coordination compound was subjected to crystal growth by repeated recrystallization in ethanol at ambient temperature. The title compound was thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and Mass spectral studies. The crystal structure of the Zinc complex was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The title compound is mononuclear, with tetragonal coordination geometry and P41212 space group stabilised by intermolecular (C H…Cl) and intramolecular hydrogen bonding (N-H…..O). The zinc coordination complex exhibits photoluminescence property with strong emission at 525 nm in the green region. The molecular docking studies by using Gold suite software reveal that the Zinc complex has strong binding affinity towards α-glucosidase enzyme with Goldscore of 83.76 and forms two hydrogen bonds (LEU208, TRY2) with bond length (3.31, 3.73 A) and one electrostatic bond (LYS 208) of bond length (4.51) with the target enzyme. Mono(bis(2-(4-butylphenyl)imino)methyl)phenoxy)zinc(II) dichloride complex exhibited IC50 value of 3.0454 ± 0.010 µM as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 0.5414 µM). Thus the title zinc complex is a promising candidate for α-glucosidase inhibition after necessary biological and pharmaceutical investigations.

Brain signal/image processing is of significant attention not only the physiologist carrying out analysis and probe and the clinician investigating patients but further to the biomedical engineer who is vital for acquisition, processing, and interpreting the electroencephalogram signals by designing systems and algorithms for their control. The precious, abundant materials or information in the field of brain signal/image processing is distributed in the diverse scientific, technological and physiological periodicals, magazines, journals, international conference proceedings, and also in various portals/databases. Security threats or attacks may happen for a portal using data interruption, information interception, content modification and fabrication with new data. This study interprets the protocol layering information for the captured packets, image reconstruction after sniffing the packets, and the DNS/rDNS response times for a given portal/IP address using a Wireshark open source tool. Also, the security assessment results such as OS fingerprinting and port sweeping on the remote machines are performed using Nmap open source tool. Results are analyzed on specific brain signal/image processing portals around the globe located in USA, UK, and other countries.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Number of taxa used in this study.

This paper analyzed the heat transfer with impact of slip condition an oscillatory blood flow through a stenosed artery. We derive the equations for the mixed convection problem of blood flow as nonlinear partial differential equations and the exact solutions solved by analytically. The Effects of various parameters particularly magnetic field on the blood flow through stenosis have been examined. The computational results are presented graphically for the temperature, velocity, flow rate and skin friction.

Tooth wear is considered to be one of the major causes of failure modes in gearing systems. The achieved service life of the geared unit mainly depends on the gear tooth strength and surface wear. Excessive wear is characterized by loss of tooth profile, which results in high noise and vibration, a minor loss of conjugate action and a reduction in efficiency. Hence, enhancement of gear life against wear becomes an important requirement for effective design detailing of gears. This article presents an idea to minimize the wear of the gear teeth by adopting non-standard gear. Non-standard gear is defined as one whose tooth thickness at the pitch circle is not equal to 0.5πm. In this study, the impact of the tooth thickness coefficient on tooth wear for standard and non-standard spur gears is numerically investigated. The non-standard tooth thickness in the pinion leads to enhancement of the tooth strength and leading to reduction of tooth wear. Finally, the influence of gear parameters such as gear ratio, pressure angle and pinion teeth number on wear depth, for non-standard pinion and gear has been investigated and the results of the parametric study are discussed.

Due to the emergence of renewable energy sources into the power system, the need for Energy Storage System (ESS) becomes more significant. Hence, parallel operation of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is an influential application in microgrids. The quazi Z source inverter (qZSI) is a single stage converter. It has two controllable DC ports which are connected with batteries. These batteries are charged by photovoltaic energy. This volatile nature leads to an unequal voltage and current supply to batteries. Hence a proper control strategy which is applicable to both islanded and grid connected mode is to be implemented in this proposed work. To execute this and to harvest maximum power from solar systems, the proposed control strategy, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) schemes are employed. This will ensure maximal conversion efficiency. In this paper, implementation methodology and the results of parallel operation of two batteries supplied by renewable energy source are done in the MATLAB / SIMULINK environment. A test prototype is also developed to justify the effective operation of proposed system

In this computer era we are totally going with the automation of everything, in the same way the medical industry is also automated with the help of image processing and data analytics. The best way to control the death cause by cancer is early detection. The medical image or a CT scan image is pre-processed. The contrast of the image is increased with the CLAHE Equalization technique. Then it is segmented with the help of random walk segmentation method. In segmentation the three process will happen the ROI of image is segmented and then then the border correction is done. As third part the continuous pixel change is segmented. The classification is the major portion where the cancerous and non-cancerous is identified with the pre trained model. All the methods used above deals with the traditional way of image processing and data analytics. In Future this accuracy will be boosted with the modern XGboost algorithm where less data is used to get high accuracy.

The second order nonlinear optical material and the single crystal of 2,5-Dimethyl-N-(3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene) aniline (2,5 DPPA) which is organic in character was well synthesised by the standard slow evaporation method. The crystalline structure of 2,5 DPPA studied by single crystal XRD analysis confirmed that the material belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system with non-centrosymmetric space group P212121. Functional groups were analyzed by Fourier transforms infrared analysis. The calculated optical band gap was found to be 2.76 eV. The second harmonic generation of 2,5 DPPA crystal was confirmed by Kurtz–Perry powder test using the source of Nd:YAG laser and found that it is 1.25 times greater than that of reference KDP material. Thermal stability of the titled crystal was studied by TGA/DTA technique. The Vicker’s hardness (Hv) test portrays that the mechanical resistance of the crystal’s hardness coefficient value is 2. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the grown crystal decreases with increase in array of the line of value of the frequencies.

The proposed scheme implements TiOISSS with meaningful shadows.The proposed scheme uses additional authentication image, to enhance the security.Adaptive halftoning is used to improve the quality of decoded secret image.The proposed scheme demonstrates better quality and security. Visual Cryptography Scheme (VCS) is a cryptographic technique for protecting secret images. The advantage of using VCS is that decoding can be done without use of any computations. Nevertheless, the reconstructed image has poor visual quality. Therefore, Two in One Image Secret Sharing Scheme (TiOISSS) was proposed which takes the advantage of VCS and provides good quality decoded images. However, the existing TiOISSS has security limitations as it is implemented only for noisy shadows. Hence, in this paper, modified TiOISSS is proposed and implemented for meaningful shadows. To enhance the security of the shares and prevent fake shares that may be introduced by hackers, an authentication image is shared along with the secret image. The quality of the reconstructed image is improved by using adaptive halftoning technique. Experimental results demonstrate the improved security and quality by the proposed scheme.