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Bendway weirs are linear structures similar to spurs but designed to be overtopped by typical streamflows, and have recently attracted attention as an environmentally sensitive means of protecting the outer banks of stream bends. A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of these type of structures, constructed following FHWA (U.S. Federal Highway Administration) design-manual guidelines, in protecting the outer bank of a 90° bend in a narrow channel with both erodible bed and banks. Experiments were performed at a single nominal (initial) depth, and so characterized by a single (initial) ratio of radius of curvature to top width of 3.3, with and without a field of five weirs. Measurements of erodible boundary elevations as well as the magnitudes of the time-averaged point horizontal velocities at various cross sections were taken. Although a definite overall deflective effect by the weirs was observed, the outer bank remained susceptible to significant erosion even in the pres...

To review the role of serotonin in chemotherapy-induced emesis and the mechanism by which 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3)-receptor antagonists block the action of serotonin; to review the pharmacology and clinical efficacy of the 5-HT3-receptor antagonists in controlling nausea and vomiting induced by highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens, including a comparison of agents in this class.Journal articles and proceedings of clinical oncology conferences.Prior to the availability of 5-HT3-receptor antagonists, metoclopramide was the therapy of choice for prevention of cisplatin-associated emesis. Several randomized, double-blind, comparative trials have established that a 5-HT3-receptor antagonist used alone is more effective than metoclopramide and equal to or better than the combination of metoclopramide and dexamethasone.5-HT3-receptor antagonists contribute significantly to the current armamentarium of antiemetic agents. Clinical trials consistently have demonstrated a benefit with these agents that exceeds the previously established antiemetic standards.5-HT3-receptor antagonists have had a profound impact on the clinical management of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Based on their unique mechanism of action and low toxicity profile, the 5-HT3-receptor antagonists offer a relatively new approach to controlling nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

The use of semipermanent vascular access devices has become standard in the management of specific clinical populations. Recently, the use of peripherally inserted catheters has gained popularity owing to the relative ease of insertion and lower complication rates.

VADs have made a significant contribution to improving quality of life for patients requiring long-term therapies. Clearly, this means of vascular access has offered relief from repeated venipuncture for IV access or blood sampling. Reports of the incidence of associated noninfectious complications vary between 14% and 25%. These rates are significant and warrant the development of strategies to manage such events. Fibrinolytic therapy offers a viable option for patients who have developed complications of a thrombotic nature. Although direct IV push administration may be relatively well accepted, many questions remain regarding the delivery of continuous infusions. Questions about dosing regimens, timing and number of administrations, and the ideal route of delivery all provide fertile opportunities for collaborative research.

(1986). A Mathematics Software Database. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 255-266.

Two hypermodified, alkali-stable dinucleotide sequences, each containing abase modification in addition to sugar methylation, are known to be present in wheat embryo 26S + 18S rRNA (Gray, M. W. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 5453–5463). Quantitative analysis of unfractionated 26S + 18S rRNA had suggested that each of these sequences (Cm-ψp and ψm-Ap, where Cm = O2′-methylcytidine and ψm = O2′-methylpseudouridine) was present in either the 18S or the 26S rRNA species, but not in both, at a frequency of not more than once per chain. In the study reported here, the individual 32P-labeled 18S and 26S rRNA species were isolated from viable wheat embryos germinated in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate. From analyses of phosphodiesterase and alkaline hydrolysates of the separated [32P]RNAs, we conclude that ψm-Ap is confined to wheat cytosol 18S rRNA, whereas Cm-ψp is localized in wheat cytosol 26S rRNA. The presence of ψm in the 18S rRNA of wheat stands in contrast with the situation in animal cells, where this hypermodified nucleoside is located in the 28S rRNA (Khan, M. S. N. &Maden, B. E. H. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 101, 235–254)

1. Myeloblasts can be discriminated in the supravital technique by the great numbers of tiny mitochondria in the cytoplasm and the absence of any other vitally stainable substance. 2. There are three stages in the maturation of myelocytes. 3. These three phases can be correlated with three types of the oxidase reaction. 4. One case of myeloblastic leucemia showed such an amount of an abnormal type of amitosis as to suggest the disordered cell division of neoplasms. 5. In this case transfusions were correlated with a maturation of myeloblasts into myelocytes, with an increase of the oxidase reaction, and with an increase in amitosis.

It has come to be the accepted opinion that the phagocytic cells of the tissues, which have been designated as clasmatocytes, macrophages or histiocytes, and the large mononuclear elements of the b...

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The pathological entity now known as endometrial hyperplasia has been recognized for some time. It was not until after the work of Hitschmann and Adler that it could be interpreted as a non-inflammatory condition. Previous to the work of these investigators it had been generally considered to be a form of hypertrophic endometritis. The noteworthy exception to this statement is the view which was expressed by Cullen in 1900. He described this condition in his book on cancer of the uterus (3) as “endometrial hyperplasia.” The condition is extremely common and is met with most frequently at the time of the menopause, although it can occur at any age. On account of its frequency, and tendency to recur, it has inspired a voluminous literature. Recent advances in the field of the internal secretions have attracted the interest of almost all gynecologists, and many have hoped that these advances would explain the nature and etiology of endometrial hyperplasia. Schroeder (12) was the first to recognize the condit...

The observations reported in the preceding communication1 led us to consider the possibility that the phagocytic cells occurring in peritoneal exudates might be separated into the same two groups that were found in the spleen. It has been possible to demonstrate that this is true. A normal rabbit was given intraperitoneally 25 cc. of whole blood, which had been removed by a sterile puncture from the heart of another rabbit, and, after 24 hours, samples of the exudate were removed and studied. Another injection was then given and the examination repeated at the end of the second 24 hours. This procedure was repeated at 24 hour intervals over as long a time as was desired. Some of the experiments were carried out on rabbits whose blood-cells had been carefully matched, while in other instances animals were selected in which the serum of one agglutinated the red blood-cells of the other and vice versa. The exudate was studied with neutral red and Janus green in vital-dye films. It has been shown2 that the fi...

In the course of a study upon hepatic injury and the possible relationship of such injury to the white blood cells, Lawrence and Huffman1, 2, 3 found that the subcutaneous injection of guinea pigs with yellow phosphorus (in oil) was followed by an elevation of the monocytes in the circulating blood. These findings suggested that the study of the subcutaneous tissues of animals injected with the same material might aid in determining the cause and site of the production of the monocytes.It has been repeatedly demonstrated that the injection of many supposedly inert substances (e. g., waxes, oils and various colloidal bodies) is followed by local reactions which are similar to those seen in fixed sections of tuberculous tissues. With the methods involving fixation and sectioning, it has been possible to locate groups of epithelioid cells in the tissues; but these methods have not given us any very satisfactory help in identifying epithelioid cells when occurring singly or scattered in the tissues. The use o...

During a systematic investigation of the normal and pathological reactions of the peritoneal mesothelium, certain rather surprising facts have been revealed which are interesting because of their bearing on the question of adhesions.Elsewhere1 experiments have been reported in which rats received repeated injections of solutions of glucose, the mesothelium undergoing certain changes of a morphological character which were not followed by adhesions. It seemed important to determine to what extent such changes could be produced without sufficient injury occuring to cause the development of adhesions. Such experiments have been carried out by the repeated introduction into the peritoneal cavity of various types of mild irritants, the best results having been obtained with laked heterogenous blood. Cats were given injections of 10 to 20 c.c. of laked rabbit's blood made isotonic with NaC1, the dose being repeated twice weekly over a period of 3 to 6 months. In such animals when the procedures were carefully g...

The interrelationships between the hypophysis and the ovary have been studied extensively. Changes in the ovary following the administration of anterior lobe substance and extracts have been described by Goetsch,1 Evans,2 Zondex and Ascheim,3 and others. Erdheim and Stumme4 called attention to changes in the hypophysis during pregnancy. Zondex and Ascheim have demonstrated, in the urine of pregnant women, the presence of a hormone which has all the ovarian growth properties of the anterior hypophysis, and have utilized this in their test for pregnancy. Fels5 found the same hormone in the blood of pregnant women. Recently Engle and Smith6 have demonstrated that the amount of ovarian stimulating substance in the hypophysis of the guinea pig varied during the sexual cycle, and was much diminished during the time the vagina was open. Evans and Simpson7 further showed that this substance was increased by castration, and was present in larger amounts in males than in females.From the foregoing work the followin...

Endometrial hyperplasia has long been one of the major problems of gynecology. Its exact etiology has been unknown, but its relationship to a disordered ovarian function has been recognized. The material presented in this paper is taken from studies carried out on the etiology of endometrial hyperplasia1and on the functional relationship between the hypophysis and the ovary.2These studies suggest that certain disorders of the hypophyseal-ovarian relationship may have considerable importance in our understanding of endometrial hyperplasia. In applying the results of animal experiments to the interpretation of conditions in human beings, much confusion has arisen on account of differences in terminology as applied to the estrual and the menstrual cycles. Allen3has accurately described the estrual cycle of the mouse. The unmated mouse has a period of estrus every four to five days. This period is characterized by cornification of the vaginal epithelium. Ovulation takes

The fact that complete blockage of the lymphatic system has never been produced experimentally is testimony of the difficulty of causing such a condition. The explanation of this remarkable fact must lie in the capacity for the development of a collateral circulation. A multiple origin of the lymphatics from the veins was shown by Sabin. 1 She stated: "In the pig the lymphatics bud off from the veins in two places, from the anterior cardinal veins and from the veins of the Wolffian body. There are two sets of paired sacs, the jugular and the iliac; and two unpaired sacs, the retroperitoneal and the cisterna chyli." Later investigations by Clark and Clark 2 demonstrated that in the early stages of development of the chick there are numerous connections between the earliest lymphatics and the blood vessels. The complete picture concerning these anastomoses has not been determined, nor has it been