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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of shrimp and other crustaceans' most significant infectious agents. This research isolated WSSV from infected shrimp samples collected from Bushehr’s farms. It was confirmed by PCR and multiplied in Astacus leptodactylus crayfish hemolymph. Titration of WSSV was obtained in postlarvae by the Karber method as 10 5.4 LD50/mL and the virus were inactivated by the electron beam irradiation. The electron beams D10 value and optimum dose was obtained at 1.85 and 13 kGy. Electron beam irradiated WSSV (EBI-WSSV) was used as an electron vaccine to immunize L. vannamei. Gamma-irradiated inactivated Vibrio Parahaemolyticus (GIVP) was used as an immune stimulant. PD50 was calculated 5.62, 6.30 and 2.87 for the injected groups with EBI–WSSV vaccine, EBI-WSSV vaccine+ GIVP and GIVP alone, respectively. The relative percent survival (RPS) values were calculated 64%, 72% and 22% for the EBI-WSSV vaccine, EBI-WSSV+ GIVP and GIVP groups by injection route and 75%, 85% and 12.5% for these three vaccine groups in immersion route, respectively. A significant difference in cumulative mortalities was observed between both vaccination groups (EBI-WSSV and EBI-WSSV+ GIVP), and the GIVP group (P

Anxiety disorder is a prevailing mental condition among children and it leads to many problems in various aspects of their lives. This research was conducted to examine the impact of guided parent delivered CBT (GPDCBT) upon 7- to 12-year-old children with anxiety disorders in Tehran. This quasi-experimental research had a pretest-posttest control group design. In order to draw the sample, purposive sampling method was used and 66 children with various types of anxiety disorders who had been referred to Mofid Hospital Clinic in Tehran were chosen. After filling out the consent form by the mothers, the subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. At the pretest stage, all participants were assessed using Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (1997). In the next step, the mothers in experimental group received GPDCBT in four face-to-face 1-hour sessions and four 20-minute telephone sessions and then the children received home-based intervention by their mothers. During this time, the control group was assigned to the waiting list and did not receive any intervention. At the end of the one-month treatment period and at the post-test stage, both groups were assessed again by the Spence Scale. Analysis of Covariance revealed that the mean of anxiety in the experimental group decreased significantly in comparison with the control group (F=25.11, p ≡ 0.001). The findings are indicative of the feasibility of guided parent delivered CBT for anxiety reduction in children.

The presence of clay soil causes problems at the base of the structure: it swells when wet and shrinks when dry, which provides a reduction in the resistance to cutting of the soil. Plastic waste in the form of polyamide powder (PA-12) from the 3D printing industry can be used to improve the mechanical properties of the soil. This experimental study is an attempt to combine these two objectives of stabilizing the soil by using waste PA-12. The mechanical and shear resistant properties gave us confidence in choosing PA-12 as a stabilizer in clay soils, making them composite soils.

Aims: PTSD is a set of continuous and frequent symptoms that occur after experiencing or observing a traumatic event, such as being involved in a war. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Powellchr('39')s cognitive rehabilitation with neurofeedback in improving executive functions, memory, and attention to veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Material & Methods: This semi-experimental study, with pre-test post-test design, was carried out on 24 veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder in two experimental and control groups. Powellchr('39')s cognitive rehabilitation treatment with neurofeedback was performed for 12 sessions and three months for the experimental group. For conducting the study, PSSI test, Wisconsin Card Test, Stroop test, and working memory test were used. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis and SPSS 24. Finding: By controlling the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of overall score of executive functions, memory and attention (p=0.001). Conclusion: Powellchr('39')s cognitive rehabilitation treatment with neurofeedback is effective on improving executive functions, memory and attention of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Sexual dysfunction can lead to behavioral problems and reduction in a person's quality of life. In 50 % of patients with personality disorders, there is also sexual dysfunction. Psychoanalysis approach attributes the cause of sexual dysfunction to a kind of fundamental anxiety as well as the use of immature mechanisms in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of big five personality traits and defensive mechanisms in predicting these patients' quality of life. Statistical sample of this research included 80 women attending sexual health and family clinics of Shahed University using accessible sampling during 2010 and 2011. These subjects were given the Neo Personality Inventory Traits, Defensive Mechanisms, and the World Health organization Quality of Life Questionnaires to answer. The findings showed that personality traits could predict the quality of life in woman with sexual dysfunction. Moreover, among those five personality traits, neuroticism (:./24 P=./04) and conscientiousness(:./31 P=./03) were able to predict the quality of life while predictability rate of both factors was 37% of variance on the whole (p=0/05). Based on regression analysis, there was a significant relationship between the quality of life and defensive mechanisms so that using more mature defensive mechanisms (:./37 P=./006) and immature defensive mechanisms (:-./31 P= ./02) could significantly predict quality of life (p=0/0001). Also, neurotic defensive mechanisms were not significant predictors of these women' quality of life. (;./04 P=./78).

The purpose of this research is determination of differences in marital conflict, marital satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction between women with relative marriage and non-relative marriage. For this, 191 married women among nurses (100 people with non-relative marriage and 91 persons with relative marriage) employed in Tehran hospitals were selected by cluster sampling and Enrich marital satisfaction, marital conflicts, and sexual satisfaction questionnaires were conducted. Results of single- and multi-variable variance analysis showed meaningful differences between two groups in marital satisfaction variables and their aspects (except sexual relation), marital conflicts and their aspects, and sexual satisfaction. Comparison of means indicated that women with non-relative marriage have higher marital and sexual satisfaction and lower marital conflicts than women with relative marriage. In general, the research results showed that women with non-relative marriage have more satisfying relation in comparison with the ones with relative marriage.

The aim of this study is comparison of anger and sense of guilt in people with Major Depression Disorder (MDD) and Post Traumatic Stress Dis-order (PTSD) with the normal people. The statistical population of this research includes all people with Major Depression Disorder (MDD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) who have come to Arak psy-chology health centers in 1387. Statistical population of normal people includes all staffs and employees in Arak psychology health centers. Sample of this research contains 30 people with Major Depression Dis-order (MDD), 30 persons with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and 30 normal people as comparison group (totally 90 people). The in-struments were the State and Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) and Test Of Self – Conscious Affect - 3(TOSCA 3) questionnaires. The data of the all questionnaires were analyzed with analysis the one way Variance method using SPSS software. The taken results of this re-search showed that there is a difference between criterion of anger in people with PTSD and MDD in comparison with the normal people and the difference was significant in all the 3 groups (P 0 . 001). But there were some significant differences be-tween people of PTSD and normal people as well as between people of MDD and normal people (P

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) syndrome is an uncommon entity characterised by emphysema of the upper lobes and diffuse fibrosis of the lower lobes and carries a bad prognosis with the onset of pulmonary hypertension. Lung involvement due to exposures suffered by welders is generally considered benign though, rarely, a diffuse interstitial fibrotic disease has been reported. CPFE syndrome has however never been reported in welders. A 65-year-old man, welder by occupation and an ex-smoker, presented with progressive exertional dyspnoea associated with dry cough noticed for the last four months. On examination, there was mild tachypnea, clubbing and bilateral basal velcro crepitations on chest auscultation. Lung function test revealed mild mixed ventilatory impairment with severe diffusion defect. HRCT chest showed bilateral upper lobe emphysema and diffuse interstitial fibrosis in the lower lobes. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed interstitial fibrosis, chronic inflammation and iron deposits. A diagnosis of combined pulmonary fibrosis with emphysema (CPFE) with interstitial pulmonary siderofibrosis (IPS) was established. A review of literature did not show any other report of a similar nature.

This paper investigates the relationship between religious beliefs and emotional intelligence in male high school students. The sample consisted of 110 male students studying in Karaj high schools. The subjects were selected through cluster sampling “Observing Religious Tasks and Obligations” and “Brad berry & Greaves Emotional Intelligence Appraisal” inventories were used to collect the data. The results indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between religious beliefs and EQ (p

The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of “Hardiness” scale for university students. The instrument used was Lang and Goulet hardiness scale, translated from English into Persian by using back-translation technique. The “Hardiness” scale for university (Shahed, Tehran & Beheshti). Factor analysis revealed three factors (control, commitment, and challenge) explained 30% of the variance. For all items of this questionnaire construct validity was (r=0.64), Internal consistency coefficient was obtained in three ways (cronbach’s alpha=0.82), Test=retest reliability was r=0.71) and Split-half reliability was r=0.76). The results indicated acceptable validity and reliability of the scale as a whole and for subscales. These preliminary results provide support for using LGHS to measure hardiness levels in Iranian university students and can be used to assess the hardiness of other populations.

The loss of a darling or an important person in an individual's life is an event that always leads to grief in the close relatives of the deceased. Grief has comprehensive effects on the bereaved. The measurement of grief depends on the availability of appropriate tools. "Grief Experience Questionnaire" (GEQ) was designed by Bart and Scot (1998) to measure grief reactions. After preparing the scale, the researchers measured the validity and the reliability of this questionnaire in a group of students who had experienced grief. 348 participants were randomly selected for the study the investigation of main components confirmed the existence of seven factors and thirty four items. These factors had acceptable internal consistency (coefficients of Cronbach's Alpha were between 0.86 and 0.40). Moreover, the factors of this questionnaire revealed an appropriate convergent reliability for the two subscales of depression and somatization.GHQ-28 (p≤0.01) and (p≤0.01) SCL-25. A score pattern for GEQ was also obtained for the two different sexes.

This research aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the TOSCA-3. To this aim, 404 students were randomly selected among Shahed University Students. All participants took the test. The reliability of this scale was determined by internal consistency (Cronbach Alfa) and the mean inter- item. Correlation of TOSCA-3 was determined for a randomly sellected sample composed of 70 students. Also, test- retest stability of TOSCA-3 (within a week period) was studied. In order to study the construct validity of TOSCA-3, Pearsonian product-moment correlation between the scores of TOSCA-3 and the GHQ-28 subscales was determined for a randomly selected sample compased of 56 students for the same university. Results showed appropriate construct validity and reliability for the three subscales of "Shame", "guilt" and "externalization", as well as appropriate relaiability for "in difference". "Alfa Pride", and "Beta Pride". Further studies using different methods and tools for determining validity and reliability of these subscales are suggested.

This study was aimed to consider students value hierarchies. To this aim values of shahed university students was reviewed in a descriptive design. The students attended in 1998_2001 were considered as statistical universe and then separate research were done for considering of value hierarchies of the said students , based on the year of attendance. In other words, the statistical universe was made of the whole students of the attendance year in the university and the sample was selected among them, who filled research questionnaires. After 2 years, in the second stage, the research questionnaires was again completed by the same students. This method was repeated for all samples who attended during 1998-2001. In this stage questionnaire of Alport , Vernon & Lindzey, in which, values system was in the form of hierarchy, were used which included Theoretical, Religious, Social, Economic, Art and Political values. Results showed that the religious and social values were in the first and second positions in students value hierarchies and the art value was the last one. The comparison of students values throughout research stages revealed that the religious and especially political value were decreased in the second year of the study but religious value was hold as the first one. Despite displacement of other values, no significant differences were found during the study. Meanwhile the role of individual and social variables like gender, marital status, the place of family residence, university attendance quota and the faculty of the students, were studied and these findings are discussed.

The major aim of this research was to investigate psychometric properties of “NEO-Five Factor Inventory” (NEO-FFI). To this aim, after doing preliminary stages and resolving possible problems, the exploration of this scale was conducted in two studies: in the first study, in order to assess reliability using internal consistency, 604 undergraduate students of Tehran, Amirkabir and Shahed Universities (334= female and 270= male) with average age of 21.8 (sd=2.49) were selected by available sampling method. Students completed NEO-FFI. Results of this study indicated that Neuroticism and Conscientiousness had acceptable internal consistency in all subjects (higher than 0.70). Of course, Cronbach Alfa of Extroversion and Agreeableness were higher than suggested level for group comparisons (higher than 0.5). Therefore, only openness lacked acceptable internal consistency. In the second study, in order to assess construct validity of NEO-FFI, Pearson’s product-moment correlation was calculated for five factors of NEO-FFI and 9 facets of “Symptom Checklist-90- Revised” (SCL-90-R). Results of these analyses indicated that Neuroticism with all facets of SCL-90-R, Conscientiousness with all facets of SCL-90-R with the exception of paranoid thinking (Bonferroni correction not considered) and obsessive-compulsive facets (Bonferroni correction considered), Agreeableness and Extroversion with 3 and 7 facets of SCL-90-R (Bonferroni correction considered) had significant correlation. Openness did not show any significant correlation with facets of SCL-90-R. Besides, among these factors, only the relationships of Neuroticism with facets of SCL-90-R was a significant positive correlation and the remaining factors had not significant correlation or had significant negative correlation with facets of SCL-90-R. In conclusion, results of this study with respect to literature review about investigating psychometric properties of NEO-FFI in non-English cultures suggest need to investigate factor structure of this in Iranian population.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of meta-cognitive beliefs with social anxiety symptoms in non-clinical population. The sample consisted of 300 (166 females and 134 males) Ilam University students who selected by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Meta-Cognations Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). The results showed that meta-cognitive beliefs were positively correlated with social anxiety symptoms (P

The aim of present study was to investigate some psychometric features of quality of life questionnaire (Q L Q). QLQ developed by Evance and Cope in 1989, for assessing adult quality of life. It includes 16 dimensions and totally consisting of 192 questions. The Major assumption of the questionnaire is that the behavior of adults in response to particular aspects of environment could be representative of his/ her quality of life. Thus QLQ has tried to identify a multidimensional measure of an individual's behavior .In this study 400 teachers (200 men, 200 women) were selected through stepwise clustering procedure from different schools of Tehran north south east, and west regions. Obtained results showed appropriate Chronbach Alpha for total as well as for the 1st and 2nd parts of questionnaire. The reliability of the test and correlation between the two halves of the questionnaire was also adequate. Test – retest coefficient of correlation for all the 16 sub-scales including QLQ were positive & meaningful. On the other hand, following author's view, each and every item in a sub-scale having more correlation with sub-scales other than its own was omitted, and finally 163 items remained in the questionnaire. Comparing results between men and women as well as Iranian and non-Iranian samples indicating a significant difference for some sub-scales, although the difference between Iranians and non-Iranians for thirteen sub-scales are more obvious. Norm selection for Iranians was done on the basis of original items in the questionnaire and more over, omitted items are presented in related tables.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of peer – consoler in freshman student's mental health and adjustment. To this aim, first, 15 senior students were trained. Then a control and an experimental group of female freshman students were formed. All subjects filled out general health questionnaire (GHQ) and Baro adjustment questionnaire before they got in touch with peer consolers. While the experimental group was supervised by the peer consoler, the control group had no peer consoler. After 9 months and after continuing trainings all subjects took the same tests again so as to determine the stability of peer counseling effect.The results of mixed in – out group, and Anova showed that in most sub scales of general health and adjustment, there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups and this difference remained stable throughout 9 months of experiment

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of storage time and conditions on dimensional stability of acrylic patterns. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a cylindrical shaped metallic post-core was fabricated. Impressions were made from this metallic model and 30 samples were prepared with Duralay acrylic resin. The specimens were divided into three groups of ten. Groups A, B and C were stored in dry atmosphere at 25°C; 100% humidity at 25°C; and water placed in the refrigerator at 4°C, respectively. In each sample post length, post diameter and core diameter were measured at baseline, 24 hours and 48 hours after storage. All measurements were performed in an optical measurement device. Data were analyzed using the Rank regression test. Results: The type of dimensional changes seen in this study was shrinkage. A significant difference in post diameter was found between group B and the other two groups (P=0.001). Storing time significantly affected post diameter (P