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Optical fiber tapers have been widely proposed and demonstrated as reliable optical fiber structures for sensing, lasers, and supercontinuum generation applications. This paper proposes an innovative approach to fabricating optical fiber tapers using plasma as the heat source. From our literature review, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that plasma has been used as the heat source for producing optical fiber tapers. The system is not intricate and simple to replicate. Moreover, the elements involved make this machine attractive to research groups devoted to optical fibers. The setup consistently generates robust biconical optical fiber tapers. A typical waist of ∼8 μm and taper lengths ranging from 3 to 15 mm are achieved. Our results showed tapers with interference fringes up to 12 dB, from 1465 nm to 1599 nm. Furthermore, the statistical evaluation presented demonstrates a good level of reproducibility in our tapering process.

Abstract The eruption of the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai volcano on 15 January 2022 significantly impacted the lower and upper atmosphere globally. Using multi-instrument observations, we described disturbances from the sea surface to the ionosphere associated with atmospheric waves generated by the volcanic eruption. Perturbations were detected in atmospheric pressure, horizontal magnetic field, equatorial electrojet (EEJ), ionospheric plasma drifts, total electron content (TEC), mesospheric and lower thermospheric (MLT) neutral winds, and ionospheric virtual height measured at low magnetic latitudes in the western South American sector (mainly in Peru). The eastward Lamb wave propagation was observed at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory on the day of the eruption at 13:50 UT and on its way back from the antipodal point (westward) on the next day at 07:05 UT. Perturbations in the horizontal component of the magnetic field (indicative of EEJ variations) were detected between 12:00 and 22:00 UT. During the same period, GNSS-TEC measurements of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) coincided approximately with the arrival time of Lamb and tsunami waves. On the other hand, a large westward variation of MLT winds occurred near 18:00 UT over Peru. However, MLT perturbations due to possible westward waves from the antipode have not been identified. In addition, daytime vertical plasma drifts showed an unusual downward behavior between 12:00 and 16:00 UT, followed by an upward enhancement between 16:00 and 19:00 UT. Untypical daytime eastward zonal plasma drifts were observed when westward drifts were expected. Variations in the EEJ are highly correlated with perturbations in the vertical plasma drift exhibiting a counter-equatorial electrojet (CEEJ) between 12:00 and 16:00 UT. These observations of plasma drifts and EEJ are, so far, the only ground-based radar measurements of these parameters in the western South American region after the eruption. We attributed the ion drift and EEJ perturbations to large-scale thermospheric wind variations produced by the eruption, which altered the dynamo electric field in the Hall and Pedersen regions. These types of multiple and simultaneous observations can contribute to advancing our understanding of the ionospheric processes associated with natural hazard events and the interaction with lower atmospheric layers. Graphical Abstract

The use of sensors to detect or measure ripening changes in fruit is a growing area of interest to the scientific community. Colorimeters are commonly employed for color and shade identification; however, their usage to measure the color parameters of fruit rinds based on image analysis can be expensive. This article presents a non-invasive and low-cost optoelectronic system for detecting color changes in oranges to predict the ripening stage. The system utilises a 1 W white LED as a light source, an RGB photodiode array, and two plastic optical fibres bundled in parallel to form the head of an extrinsic sensor. A microcontroller is employed for model integration and data acquisition. The evolution of the skin color of the fruit was monitored until over-ripeness was evident. The sensor was designed to detect the color changes; the CIE L*a*b* color difference between the optoelectronic device results and those obtained by colorimetry was 2.6–4.5. To predict the ideal conditions for fruit handling and determine the maturity level, a multilevel perceptron ANN was trained, achieving an accuracy of 96.4%. In addition, an overall precision of 96.6% was achieved when classifying fruit into three maturity categories (under-ripe, ripe, and over-ripe), and the error was 3.4%. The combination of the optoelectronic device and ANN improves considerably this fruit color classification accuracy, can facilitate the determination of the optimal time for consumption, and optimize the postharvest process efficiency.

Abstract We report the results of a search for a new vector boson ( $$ A'$$ A ′ ) decaying into two dark matter particles $$\chi _1 \chi _2$$ χ 1 χ 2 of different mass. The heavier $$\chi _2$$ χ 2 particle subsequently decays to $$\chi _1$$ χ 1 and an off-shell Dark Photon $$ A'^* \rightarrow e^+e^-$$ A ′ ∗ → e + e - . For a sufficiently large mass splitting, this model can explain in terms of new physics the recently confirmed discrepancy observed in the muon anomalous magnetic moment at Fermilab. Remarkably, it also predicts the observed yield of thermal dark matter relic abundance. A detailed Monte-Carlo simulation was used to determine the signal yield and detection efficiency for this channel in the NA64 setup. The results were obtained re-analyzing the previous NA64 searches for an invisible decay $$A'\rightarrow \chi \overline{\chi }$$ A ′ → χ χ ¯ and axion-like or pseudo-scalar particles $$a \rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$ a → γ γ . With this method, we exclude a significant portion of the parameter space justifying the muon g-2 anomaly and being compatible with the observed dark matter relic density for $$A'$$ A ′ masses from 2 $$m_e$$ m e up to 390 MeV and mixing parameter $$\varepsilon $$ ε between $$3\times 10^{-5}$$ 3 × 10 - 5 and $$2\times 10^{-2}$$ 2 × 10 - 2 .

Abstract Recently, the ATOMKI experiment has reported new evidence for the excess of $$e^+e^-$$ e + e - events with a mass $$\sim $$ ∼ 17 MeV in the nuclear transitions of $$^4$$ 4 He, that they previously observed in measurements with $$^8$$ 8 Be. These observations could be explained by the existence of a new vector $$X17$$ X 17 boson. So far, the search for the decay $$X17 \rightarrow e^+ e^-$$ X 17 → e + e - with the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS gave negative results. Here, we present a new technique that could be implemented in NA64 aiming to improve the sensitivity and to cover the remaining $$X17$$ X 17 parameter space. If a signal-like event is detected, an unambiguous observation is achieved by reconstructing the invariant mass of the $$X17$$ X 17 decay with the proposed method. To reach this goal an optimization of the $$X17$$ X 17 production target, as well as an efficient and accurate reconstruction of two close decay tracks, is required. A dedicated analysis of the available experimental data making use of the trackers information is presented. This method provides independent confirmation of the NA64 published results [1], validating the tracking procedure. The detailed Monte Carlo study of the proposed setup and the background estimate show that the goal of the proposed search is feasible.

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are useful in the diagnosis and the prediction of progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, CSF neurofilament light (NfL) protein has particular interest, as its levels reflect neuroaxonal degeneration, a common feature in various neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we analyzed NfL levels in the CSF of 535 participants of the SPIN (Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration) cohort including cognitively normal participants, patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), Down syndrome (DS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). We evaluated the differences in CSF NfL accross groups and its association with other CSF biomarkers and with cognitive scales. All neurogenerative diseases showed increased levels of CSF NfL, with the highest levels in patients with ALS, FTD, CBS and PSP. Furthermore, we found an association of CSF NfL levels with cognitive impairment in patients within the AD and FTD spectrum and with AD pathology in DLB and DS patients. These results have implications for the use of NfL as a marker in neurodegenerative diseases.

Un cuerpo rígido está en equilibrio estático si se cumplen las siguientes dos condiciones: la suma de fuerzas externas es cero, y la suma de los momentos de torsión (o torques) externos es cero. La condición de equilibrio de torques presenta dificultades para algunos estudiantes porque involucra un producto cruz de vectores. Acá vamos a describir una alternativa más simple para aplicar esa condición, que consta solo de elementos escalares. Para ello acá se presentan algunos ejemplos de una varilla y de una barra en que se identifican los pares de fuerzas que producen los torques.

La resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) es una pandemia adicional de lenta evolución que precede a la pandemia de COVID-19 y continuará cuando esta termine. Sin embargo, en países como Perú donde existe un alto consumo y prescripción inadecuada de antimicrobianos puede pasar desapercibida y se puede esperar un escenario futuro más desafiante. Los Programas de Optimización de Uso de Antimicrobianos (PROA) son equipos multidisciplinarios de profesionales que tienen como objetivo retardar la aparición de organismos multirresistentes a través de estrategias como la auditoría de prescripciones o la creación de algoritmos de tratamiento antimicrobiano basados en las tasas locales de RAM. La dificultad en el diagnóstico oportuno de coinfecciones o superinfecciones en el curso clínico y progresión de COVID-19 predisponen al uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos, obligando a los PROA a adaptar sus estrategias en este panorama cambiante. En Latinoamérica los PROA no sólo tienen que fomentar el cambio de comportamiento en los prescriptores de antimicrobianos sino también luchar contra la epidemia de información falsa (infodemia) y campañas de desinformación sobre COVID-19. Además, la pobre cultura local de prevención y control de infecciones obliga a revisar estrategias para mitigar el impacto posterior en la RAM.

In this paper, we present a numerical analysis of a novel comb filter in a double-pass Mach–Zehnder interferometer and a Sagnac interferometer (DP-MZI–SI) configuration and verify it by partial experimental demonstration. The proposed filter comprises an in-line fibre polarisation controller (PC), positioned in one arm of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and a polarisation-maintaining fibre (PMF) with a three-component fibre-coil PC in the Sagnac loop. The transmission of the DP-MZI–SI filter was determined using the Jones matrix of each component. This filter allows control of the free spectral range (Δλ) via two alternative modes of operation: by changing the length of the PMF or by increasing the arm length of the filter. In addition, the contrast of the interference fringes and their position can be controlled by adjusting the PCs. The possibility to generate stable patterns with narrow fringe separation was also demonstrated. Simulation results for the DP-MZI–SI filter were validated through experimental measurements. The experimental and numerical results agreed closely in terms of both Δλ and fringe visibility. The proposed DP-MZI–SI filter has characteristics suitable for application to tunable multi-wavelength and switchable fibre laser development, as well as to optical sensors, communication systems, and microwave generation.

In this paper, we carry out a numerical study on nonlinear and chaotic effects produced by the propagation of hyperbolic secant optical pulse in standard fibre. We use the fourth-order Runge–Kutta in the interaction picture (RK4IP) method to analyse the pulse interaction in the fibre medium, this method was employed due to its potential to reduce the numerical error while simultaneously allow increasing the step size. During the study, the input peak power was varied up hundreds of kW trough 1 km of standard single-mode fibre (SMF-28); as a consequence, it was possible to observe the generation of nonlinear and chaotic effects on the final spectrum. These numerical results show the spectral and temporal evolution of energy in a 3D rendering, here, it was possible to demonstrated break frequencies and fragmentation of packets of energy by changing the pump power. Finally, we show that this analysis can be used in subsequent studies employing complex dynamic pulses (noise-like pulses, NLPs). Keywords: Fibre optics, Nonlinear fibre optics, Optical solitons, Generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Se presenta el proyecto de análisis y reforzamiento estructural para un urbanismo que consta de 31 viviendas con evidentes señales de fallas, construidas en la ciudad de Barquisimeto en el año 2008 sobre un terreno no consolidado. Los resultados del análisis demostraron insuficiente capacidad de respuesta ante las solicitaciones de servicio, alta vulnerabilidad sísmica y deficiencias en la cantidad y distribución del acero de refuerzo. Se planteó el reforzamiento de la superestructura mediante la construcción de muros tipo panel, y micro pilotes y/o losa maciza armada para la infraestructura, utilizando valores de resistencia del concreto obtenidos en los ensayos destructivos, parámetros del suelo proveniente del estudio geotécnico y los asentamientos diferenciales derivados de la nivelación topográfica. The structural analysis and reinforcement project is presented for a city complex consisting of 31 houses with obvious signs of failure, built in the city of Barquisimeto in 2008 on unconstrained land. The results of the analysis showed insufficient responsiveness to service stresses, high seismic vulnerability, and deficiencies in the amount and distribution of reinforcing steel. The reinforcement of the superstructure was proposed by means of the construction of panel walls, and micro piles and / or reinforced solid slab for the infrastructure, using values of resistance of the concrete obtained in the destructive tests, soil parameters from the geotechnical study and the settlements Differentials derived from topographic leveling.

Se presenta en este artículo el estudio de reforzamiento estructural para una edificación de uso educativo, conocida como “Tipo Antiguo II”. La escuela fue construida antes de la creación de la Norma Venezolana Sismorresistente Covenin 1756. Los resultados del análisis estructural demostraron insuficiente capacidad de respuesta ante las solicitaciones de servicio, alta vulnerabilidad ante la acción sísmica y deficiencias en la cantidad y distribución del acero de refuerzo. Por tal motivo se planteó el reforzamiento de la superestructura mediante la construcción de muros tipo panel, verificando su acción sobre el sistema de pilotaje existente. Para el modelaje se emplearon los valores de resistencia del concreto obtenidos en los ensayos destructivos realizados por el laboratorio de materiales del Decanato de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, y los parámetros del suelo provenientes del estudio geotécnico. This article presents the study of structural reinforcement for a building of educational use, known as "Old Type II". The school was built before the creation of the Venezuelan Seismoresistant Covenin 1756. The results of the structural analysis showed insufficient responsiveness to service requests, high vulnerability to seismic action and deficiencies in the quantity and distribution of reinforcing steel. For this reason, the reinforcement of the superstructure was proposed by the construction of panel walls, verifying their action on the existing piloting system. For the modeling, the values of resistance of the concrete obtained in the destructive tests made by the materials laboratory of the School of Civil Engineering of the Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado and the soil parameters from the geotechnical study were used.

An all-fiber Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer is proposed and validated by the arc splicing technique. By using conventional fiber and special hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, several FP cavities were formed at the conventional fiber tip using arc discharges. As a result of the interaction between these cavities, modified FP principle operation was obtained; and temperature, refractive index, and load analyses validated this operation modification. In addition, this all-fiber interferometer presents good resolution and sensitivity in each parameter examined. The structure offers compactness, robustness, high repeatability, and stability measurement.

There is growing concern in Europe about the possible rise in the severity and frequency of extreme drought events as a manifestation of climate change. In order to plan suitable adaptation strategies it is important for decision makers to know how drought conditions will develop at regional scales. This paper therefore addresses the issue of future developments in streamflow drought characteristics across Europe. Through offline coupling of a hydrological model with an ensemble of bias-corrected climate simulations (IPCC SRES A1B) and a water use scenario (Economy First), long-term (1961–2100) ensemble streamflow simulations are generated that account for changes in climate, and the uncertainty therein, and in water consumption. Using extreme value analysis we derive minimum flow and deficit indices and evaluate how the magnitude and severity of low-flow conditions may evolve throughout the 21st century. This analysis shows that streamflow droughts will become more severe and persistent in many parts of Europe due to climate change, except for northern and northeastern parts of Europe. In particular, southern regions will face strong reductions in low flows. Future water use will aggravate the situation by 10–30% in southern Europe, whereas in some sub-regions in western, central and eastern Europe a climate-driven signal of reduced droughts may be reversed due to intensive water use. The multi-model ensemble projections of more frequent and severe streamflow droughts in the south and decreasing drought hazard in the north are highly significant, while the projected changes are more dissonant in a transition zone in between.

Stability of the total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and antioxidant activity in eight fruit beverages was analyzed. The influence of storage temperature (4, 8 and 11 °C) during the product shelf-life (20 days) was evaluated. Pomegranate Juice presented the highest values for antioxidant activity by DPPH·− assay (552.93 ± 6.00 GAE μg mL−1), total carotenoids (3.18 ± 0.11 βCE μg mL−1), and total phenolic content (3967.07 ± 2.47 GAE μg mL−1); while Splash Blend recorded the highest levels of ascorbic acid (607.39 ± 2.13 AAE μg mL−1). The antioxidant capacity was stable at 4 and 8 °C for the first 8 days of storage; while carotenoids and ascorbic acid were slightly degraded through the storage time, possibly due to oxidation and/or reactions with other compounds. The results suggest that the observed variation during testing could be related to storage conditions of the final product.

The Moncada section, western Cuba, is one of the few sections across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean where an Ir anomaly has been identified toward and above the top of a clastic unit, locally called the Moncada Formation (Fm.). The Moncada Fm. is enriched in ejecta (altered glass spherules, shocked quartz, melt rock fragments, etc.) and represents the local Complex Clastic Unit (CCU) linked to the Chicxulub impact event. This CCU is overlain by a 2-3cm thick bed of Ir-rich, dark, calcareous claystone which represents the “K/T Boundary Clay” at Moncada. All lowermost Danian Planktonic Foraminiferal zones and Acme-Stages (PFAS) were identified, suggesting stratigraphic continuity across the Danian and indicating that the Moncada Fm. is K/Pg boundary in age. High-resolution biostratigraphic data suggest that the mass extinction event of planktonic foraminifera at the K/Pg boundary was more severe than previously suggested. The absence of cosmopolitan, generalist Cretaceous species in the Danian deposits of Moncada supports the hypothesis that only Guembelitria survived the mass extinction triggered by the Chicxulub impact event. The high Ir-concentration and the ejecta-rich clay laminations identified in the lowermost Danian of Moncada (Ancón Fm.) are explained partly as the redeposition of ejecta material eroded and reworked from higher topographic levels, still contaminated by toxic trace elements (e.g., Cu and Ni) of meteoritic origin. These pollutants of meteoritic origin could have affected the ecological conditions of the pelagic environment for thousands of years after the K/Pg boundary, being particularly intense just after the Chicxulub impact. The ecological stress due to the pollutants partly explains the catastrophic mass extinction of planktonic foraminifera at the K/Pg boundary and their subsequent evolutionary radiation

In this work we asses the benefits of removing bias in climate forcing data used for hydrological climate change impact assessment at pan-European scale, with emphasis on floods. Climate simulations from the HIRHAM5-ECHAM5 model driven by the SRES-A1B emission scenario are corrected for bias using a histogram equalization method. As target for the bias correction we employ gridded interpolated observations of precipitation, average, minimum, and maximum temperature from the E-OBS data set. Bias removal transfer functions are derived for the control period 1961–1990. These are subsequently used to correct the climate simulations for the control period, and, under the assumption of a stationary error model, for the future time window 2071–2100. Validation against E-OBS climatology in the control period shows that the correction method performs successfully in removing bias in average and extreme statistics relevant for flood simulation over the majority of the European domain in all seasons. This translates into considerably improved simulations with the hydrological model of observed average and extreme river discharges at a majority of 554 validation river stations across Europe. Probabilities of extreme events derived employing extreme value techniques are also more closely reproduced. Results indicate that projections of future flood hazard in Europe based on uncorrected climate simulations, both in terms of their magnitude and recurrence interval, are likely subject to large errors. Notwithstanding the inherent limitations of the large-scale approach used herein, this study strongly advocates the removal of bias in climate simulations prior to their use in hydrological impact assessment.

In this work we assess the uncertainty in modelling the groundwater flow for the Pampa del Tamarugal Aquifer (PTA) – North Chile using a novel and fully integrated multi-model approach aimed at explicitly accounting for uncertainties arising from the definition of alternative conceptual models. The approach integrates the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) methods. For each member of an ensemble M of potential conceptualizations, model weights used in BMA for multi-model aggregation are obtained from GLUE-based likelihood values. These model weights are based on model performance, thus, reflecting how well a conceptualization reproduces an observed dataset D. GLUE-based cumulative predictive distributions for each member of M are then aggregated obtaining predictive distributions accounting for conceptual model uncertainties. For the PTA we propose an ensemble of eight alternative conceptualizations covering all major features of groundwater flow models independently developed in past studies and including two recharge mechanisms which have been source of debate for several years. Results showed that accounting for heterogeneities in the hydraulic conductivity field (a) reduced the uncertainty in the estimations of parameters and state variables, and (b) increased the corresponding model weights used for multi-model aggregation. This was more noticeable when the hydraulic conductivity field was conditioned on available hydraulic conductivity measurements. Contribution of conceptual model uncertainty to the predictive uncertainty varied between 6% and 64% for ground water head estimations and between 16% and 79% for ground water flow estimations. These results clearly illustrate the relevance of conceptual model uncertainty.

We have designed a robotic honeybee to mimic the bee dance communication system. To achieve this goal, a tracking system has been developed to extract real bee dance trajectories recorded with high-speed video cameras. The results have been analysed to find the essential properties required for the prototype robot. Putative signals in the dance communication have been identified from the literature. Several prototypes were built with successive addition of more features or improvement of existing components. Prototypes were tested in a populated beehive results were documented using high-speed camera recordings. A substantial innovation is a visual feedback system that helps the robot to minimise collisions with other bees.

Los materiales compuestos de matriz cerámica (CMC's) de Al2O3 reforzados con partículas metálicas tienen propiedades mecánicas muy atractivas. Un área de investigación emergente es la fabricación de compuestos 3A (Alumina-Aluminide-Alloys), mediante la formación in situ de Al2O3 reforzada con metal elemental y/o aluminuros del metal, partiendo de polvos de aluminio y de óxidos metálicos. En este trabajo se estudian las reacciones en estado sólido para el sistema Al-MoO3. Las reacciones de aluminotermia se estudian en vacío para el rango de temperaturas entre 25 °C y 750 °C y su evolución microestructural hasta 1.200 °C. Mediante análisis calorimétrico (DTA-TG y DSC) se determinó que para una velocidad de calentamiento de 1 °C/min en el rango crítico de temperaturas (500-600 °C) se logra el control de las reacciones de aluminotermia. Análisis por DRX y MEB indican que la microestructura del material compuesto sinterizado presenta una matriz de Al2O3 y una fase dispersa compuesta de aluminuros de Mo y molibdeno metálico. La composición de la mezcla precursora influye en la naturaleza de la fase dispersa del compuesto (aluminuros de molibdeno y/o Mo metálico), en las cantidades relativas de Al2O3/segunda fase y en la dureza del material sinterizado a 1.450 °C.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of poultry meal on weight gain and carcass yield, under a housing system. 30 Swiss x Zebu steers were used, with an approximate weight of 353 kg, which were assigned under a completely randomized design in three treatments. T1 (control) concentrate without poultry meal; T2 concentrate + 30% poultry meal and T3 concentrate + 35% poultry meal. The composition of the concentrate was based on ground sorghum, maize grain, wheat bran, ground mineral salt bale with 18% crude protein and 70% TDN. A significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the percentage of carcass weight of 53.0 was observed; 59.5 and 58.8% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The results indicate that supplementation based poultry meal 35% promoted greater yield in feedlot steers.

It is a common situation in extensive ruminant production systems in tropical countries to have low production indicators due to nutrient deficiencies in the diet. An economic alternative to increase animal production is the incorporation of legumes (fodder and fruits) in the diet. This review, presents an analysis of the positive and negative effects of Leucaena leucocephala consumption by ruminants, with particular emphasis on the secondary compound mimosine. Leucaena due to its high nutrient content, rumen by-pass protein supply and its possible effect on the reduction of greenhouse gas (attributed to tannins) has become one of the legumes most commonly used in ruminant feeding practices. However, in countries where leucaena has been introduced, its use is still limited to levels below 30% inclusion in the diet, due to the secondary compound mimosine and its isomers (3,4 and 2,3 DHP), which can induce toxicity, even when animals are inoculated with rumen fluid containing the bacteria Synergistes jonesii reported as responsible for degrading these compounds in the rumen. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, ruminants consuming leucaena can tolerate more than 50% inclusion in the diet, without having a negative impact on production, attributed intake to mimosine and its isomers. We conclude that in animals not adapted, the intake would be limited to low inclusion levels (less than 30% inclusion in the diet), mainly because of mimosine and its derivatives. The decrease in intake or diet digestibility seem to better explain the reduction in methane production, however, in vivo studies are required to clearly establish the mechanism of action. It has been reported the presence of different bacteria to S. jonessi that would have the ability to degrade mimosine and its derivatives, however, the activity of these bacteria and its effectiveness must be confirmed in vivo.

Not available.