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We performed a non-inferiority study comparing magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques including contrast-enhanced (CE) and time-of-flight (TOF) with brain digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) in localizing occlusion sites in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with a prespecified inferiority margin taking into account thrombus migration.HIBISCUS-STROKE (CoHort of Patients to Identify Biological and Imaging markerS of CardiovascUlar Outcomes in Stroke) includes large-vessel-occlusion (LVO) AIS treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) following brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including both CE-MRA and TOF-MRA. Locations of arterial occlusions were assessed independently for both MRA techniques and compared to brain DSA findings. Number of patients needed was 48 patients to exclude a difference of more than 20%. Discrepancy factors were assessed using univariate general linear models analysis.The study included 151 patients with a mean age of 67.6±15.9years. In all included patients, TOF-MRA and CE-MRA detected arterial occlusions, which were confirmed by brain DSA. For CE-MRA, 38 (25.17%) patients had discordant findings compared with brain DSA and 50 patients (33.11%) with TOF-MRA. The discordance factors were identical for both MRA techniques namely, tandem occlusions (OR=1.29, P=0.004 for CE-MRA and OR=1.61, P0.001 for TOF-MRA), proximal internal carotid artery occlusions (OR=1.30, P=0.002 for CE-MRA and OR=1.47, P0.001 for TOF-MRA) and time from MRI to MT (OR=1.01, P=0.01 for CE-MRA and OR=1.01, P=0.02 for TOF-MRA).Both MRA techniques are inferior to brain DSA in localizing arterial occlusions in LVO-AIS patients despite addressing the migratory nature of the thrombus.

Original instrumental setups embedded in industrial-type multi-diamond-wire sawing equipment are presented for in situ measurements of the apparent wire diameter, the vertical force applied to the wire web, and the wire-web bow during the cutting of crystalline silicon bricks into wafers. The proportionality relationship between the vertical force and the wire bow during the cut of a Czochralski silicon brick is, for the first time, experimentally observed as expected by the theoretical calculations. As a result, the in situ bow measurement is shown to provide a direct control of the cutting efficiency, which is inversely proportional to the vertical force. In addition, the wire-wear evolution during successive cuts is analyzed using the in situ measurement of the apparent wire diameter together with the in situ bow measurements for equivalent cutting conditions using several bow sensors distributed above the wire web. The three-dimensional plot of the cutting efficiency resulting from the bow measurement processing gives access to the distribution of the cutting efficiency along the wire web during the progress of the cut. Given the homogeneous properties of the silicon material used, the cutting efficiency proves to be a representative of the wire-wear. Moreover, the unique capability of the in situ bow measurement to provide a distribution of the measurements on the wire web during the cut allows studying the wire web behavior and the wire cutting efficiency distribution for different cutting conditions. Thanks to the innovative design of the instrumentation coupled with a data analysis based on a deep understanding of the involved physical phenomena, the in situ bow measurement is demonstrated to be a powerful tool to optimize the cutting process in terms of wafer quality and cost efficiency. Moreover, it can provide real-time information opening the door for tuning the parameters during the cutting process.

Myxopapillary ependymomas are a variant of ependymoma located almost exclusively in the conus medullaris-cauda equina-filum terminale region of the spinal cord. Intracranial myxopapillary ependymomas are rare, occurring either through cerebrospinal fluid seeding from the spinal cord or as primary intracranial myxopapillary ependymoma. We present a case of a large myxopapillary ependymoma in the cerebellum of a 33-year-old male, in whom the tumor was found incidentally after presentation following trauma; however, he did endorse a history of migraines and nausea/vomiting. The tumor was stereotactically resected with gross total resection. This may represent possibly the largest intracranial primary myxopapillary ependymoma. Of note, the World Health Organization 2021 classification re-classified myxopapillary ependymoma grading from grade 1 in 2016 classification to grade 2 in 2021 classification, in light of frequent recurrences, and follow-up with surveillance is recommended.

Laser shock processing (LSP) is a surface modification technique aimed at enhancing the resistance to wear, corrosion and fatigue of structural alloys. Recently, LSP without coating (LSPwC) has been gaining ground, using lasers with lower energies, shorter pulse duration, smaller laser spots and higher surface coverage per shot. In the present work, LSPwC treatment was performed in both sides of pre-cracked compact tension specimens of aluminum alloy 2024-T3. A pulsed (9 ns) Nd:YAG laser system operating in the second harmonic (532 nm) at 10 Hz repetition rate and with pulse energy of about 270 mJ was positioned with a 500 mm focal distance lens in order to conduct LSPwC with an estimated power density of 5.2 GW/cm2 and two distinct overlapping rates: 50% and 75%. The objective of the work was to investigate the effect of the LSPwC and cyclic load condition on the crack closure and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior shown by the samples. Constant amplitude FCG tests were performed with two distinct load ratios: R = 0.2 and R = 0.5. A small increase in the crack closure loads (Pcl ≈ 1.1-1.2 Pmin) and in the number of cycles to crack propagation was evinced for the specimens tested at R = 0.2 compared to the untreated ones, whereas negligible effect was observed in the R = 0.5 tests. Besides, the obtained results indicate that the increase in overlapping rate is not effective for the adopted LSPwC conditions.

Acute lung injury (ALI) remains a major cause of mortality. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, eugenol reduces cyclooxygenase-2 expression, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory mediators. We examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative action of eugenol in an in vivo model of LPS-induced lung injury. Lung mechanics and histology were analyzed in mice 24 h after LPS exposure, with and without eugenol treatment at different doses. Additional animals, submited to the same protocol, were treated with eugenol at 150 mg/kg to determine its effect on inflammatory cytokines (ELISA) and oxidative markers. LPS-induced lung functional and histological changes were significantly improved by eugenol, in a dose-dependent way. Furthermore, eugenol (150 mg/kg) was able to inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), NADPH oxidase activity, as well as antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase). Finally, eugenol reduced LPS-induced protein oxidation. In conclusion, eugenol improved in vivo LPS-induced ALI through both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, avoiding damage to lung structure.

The functional benefit of stent retriever thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke has been clearly demonstrated in recent positive MR CLEAN, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, SWIFT PRIME, REVASCAT and THRACE trials. Thrombectomy, in association with intravenous thrombolysis, should now be offered to patients with documented occlusion of the distal internal carotid or proximal middle cerebral arteries, with a relatively normal unenhanced computed tomography (CT), and within 6hours after the onset of symptoms. Thrombectomy results in a mean absolute decrease in handicap of 22% (14 to 31%). Of the 3 up to 8 patients treated, 1 is independent at 3 months according to the initial selection. In case of a contraindication to thrombolysis, early primary thrombectomy should be considered. In acute basilar artery occlusion, thrombectomy should be performed alone or combined with thrombolysis. In an effort to increase the number of patients treated, a very rapid transfer to interventional neuroradiology centers is mandatory. In the future, thrombectomy should be evaluated in patients with distal arterial occlusion, or beyond 6hours after the onset of symptoms, or when the time of symptoms onset is unknown.

Intravenous thrombolysis was the only proven effective reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke within 4h30 until December 2014. Stroke management has been revolutionized after the publication of the recent positive trials, such as MR CLEAN, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, SWIFT PRIME, REVASCAT, and THRACE. Each of these demonstrates a clear benefit of stent retriever thrombectomy in association with thrombolysis in acute stroke patients with a documented occlusion of the distal internal carotid or the proximal middle cerebral artery within 6 h of symptoms onset. According to the initial selection, the number of patients to be treated by thrombectomy in order to have one independent patient varies from 3 to 8.To guarantee these results, thrombectomy should be performed by an interventional neuroradiologist within 60–90 min after imaging confirmation, which requires a very fast transfer of patients to hospitals, where interventional neuroradiology is available without delaying thrombolysis. Samu plays a key role in this. In case of contraindication to thrombolysis, early primary thrombectomy should also be considered within 6 h of last seen normal. In acute basilar artery occlusion, thrombectomy should be performed alone or combined with thrombolysis. A close cooperation between all the teams is crucial with the goal of gaining maximum time to the patient.

The design of certain seawalls / breakwaters has often been required to achieve very low target overtopping discharges when these structures protect vulnerable infrastructure or activities. The balance between economically viable protection and performance requirements is often difficult to achieve without good knowledge on low overtopping. The paucity of data in this space and the high uncertainties associated with existing methods, increase the challenge. The occurrence of a low number of overtopping waves has the consequence that any test results are substantially more affected by the inherent variation of random waves, therefore more uncertain. The physical model test results presented hereafter were successful in obtaining low to very low overtopping discharge data. For low/very low overtopping, these test data present considerable scatter relative to the latest empirical prediction. A number of repetitions was performed for conditions giving very low overtopping discharges, which illustrated the inherent uncertainty associated with low overtopping.

This study shows the influence of the temperature in the Direct Forming Laser process (DFL) of 316L stainless steel metal powder. Results shows that an increasing in the sample surface temperature can improve the laser beam absorption in the DFL process. A pre-heating in the substrate and in the powder contributed to decrease the time to reach the melting point and to improve the surface roughness. This effect was investigated with constant lasers parameters (scanning speed and intensity) and a heating in the samples in the temperature range of 20oto 200oC. It was possible to evaluate the DFL process and to optimize the quality of the sample surface roughness. These results will benefit the knowledge of the DFL technology that can be applied in the development of turbine blades.

Ischemic stroke is the primary cause of acquired disability in the world and its treatment is still a challenge. Intravenous (IV) thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) administered within 4½ hours of the onset of the symptoms is the only approved medical treatment in the acute phase of cerebral infarction. However, its efficacy is limited where there is proximal intracranial arterial occlusion, and there are many contraindications. The endovascular approach, combined or not with IV thrombolysis, allows high rates of recanalization to be achieved within a short period of time, with a low rate of procedural complications when thrombolysis is less effective (internal carotid artery, M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery). In these situations, endovascular techniques are playing an increasing role in the treatment of these patients even though there is still no indisputable scientific proof of their efficacy. The priority at present is to finish the French THRACE study, but it is already time to think about the next one.

Resume La prise en charge therapeutique de l’accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC) ischemique, qui est la premiere cause de handicap dans le monde, est un defi. La thrombolyse intraveineuse (IV) avec l’activateur tissulaire du plasminogene administre dans les 4 heures et 30 minutes du debut des symptomes est le seul traitement medicamenteux valide a la phase aigue de l’infarctus cerebral. Cependant, son efficacite est limitee en cas d’occlusion arterielle intracrânienne proximale et il existe de multiples contre-indications. L’approche endovasculaire combinee ou pas avec la thrombolyse IV permet d’obtenir des taux de recanalisation eleves dans un delai court avec un taux de complications procedurales faible, lorsque la thrombolyse est moins efficace (artere carotide interne, segment M1 de l’artere cerebrale moyenne). Dans ces conditions, les techniques endovasculaires jouent un role de plus en plus important dans la prise en charge de ces patients bien qu’il n’y ait pas encore de preuve scientifique incontestable de leur efficacite. La priorite actuelle est de finaliser l’etude francaise THRACE, mais il est deja temps de reflechir a la prochaine etude.

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552 In Paris, France, December 2015, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide a special report in 2018 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways. In Nairobi, Kenya, April 2016, the IPCC panel accepted the invitation. Here we describe the response devised within the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) to provide tailored, cross-sectorally consistent impact projections to broaden the scientific basis for the report. The simulation protocol is designed to allow for (1) separation of the impacts of historical warming starting from pre-industrial conditions from impacts of other drivers such as historical land-use changes (based on pre-industrial and historical impact model simulations); (2) quantification of the impacts of additional warming up to 1.5 °C, including a potential overshoot and long-term impacts up to 2299, and comparison to higher levels of global mean temperature change (based on the low-emissions Representative Concentration Pathway RCP2.6 and a no-mitigation pathway RCP6.0) with socio-economic conditions fixed at 2005 levels; and (3) assessment of the climate effects based on the same climate scenarios while accounting for simultaneous changes in socio-economic conditions following the middle-of-the-road Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP2, Fricko et al., 2016) and in particular differential bioenergy requirements associated with the transformation of the energy system to comply with RCP2.6 compared to RCP6.0. With the aim of providing the scientific basis for an aggregation of impacts across sectors and analysis of cross-sectoral interactions that may dampen or amplify sectoral impacts, the protocol is designed to facilitate consistent impact projections from a range of impact models across different sectors (global and regional hydrology, lakes, global crops, global vegetation, regional forests, global and regional marine ecosystems and fisheries, global and regional coastal infrastructure, energy supply and demand, temperature-related mortality, and global terrestrial biodiversity).

Vertebral hemangiomas (VH) represent the most common primary bone tumor of the spine and are rarely symptomatic. Currently, there is no consensus for treatment and many therapeutic options are available, alone or in combination including cementoplasty, sclerotherapy, surgery, embolization and/or radiotherapy.To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of a multimodal management for symptomatic VH.A consecutive prospective and retrospective multicenter study was conducted to review cases of symptomatic VHs between 2005 and 2015. Clinical and radiological aspects, treatment modalities and complications were evaluated preoperatively; postoperatively and at last follow-up. We also reviewed the literature of studies concerning case series of VH, published after 1990 and involving more than 10 patients.Twenty-seven VHs were included in our series (mean age at diagnosis: 47.9 years), out of which 26 were symptomatic. Ten presented with neurologic deficit (37%). An epidural extension was noted in 13 patients (48%). Eleven patients (41%) underwent multimodal treatments. In the multimodal group, eradication was observed in 6 patients (54%), stable residue in 5 cases (46%) with no recurrence versus 3 eradication (23%), 9 stable residue (69%) and no recurrence in the monomodal group, (P0.05). The literature comprised 14 studies including 458 patients. Only 4 studies were focused on multimodal treatments.Based on this study, the multimodal management of symptomatic VHs appeared safe and effective. Finally, we propose an algorithm for symptomatic VHS management based on the severity of epidural extension and fracture risk.

Over the last years, bend-twist coupling (BTC) has become one of the most important passive load reduction techniques in wind turbine blades. The kind and amount of BTC is often decided on the basis of the load reduction, often forgetting the related stability implications. In this work we perform the stability analysis of a very large wind turbine, where the BTC is obtained by rotating the fibers of the spar caps. The study focuses first on the isolated blade, and then on the complete wind turbine. The findings show that this BTC leaves some modes unaffected, but reduces the damping of the collective edgewise mode.

Riassunto Obiettivi Valutare tramite rinomanometria il ciclo nasale di giovani bambini ed evidenziare le caratteristiche e le implicazioni ortognatodontiche. Materiali e metodi Sono stati analizzati dieci giovani soggetti con il rinomanometro Markos NR 4 che rileva la pressione dell’aria che scorre nelle cavita nasali e il flusso aereo. Si sono effettuate dieci registrazioni in cinque ore, a intervalli regolari di 30 minuti. Ogni registrazione e stata eseguita a tre valori di flusso costante equivalenti a 50, 100, 150 cm 3 /sec e alla pressione costante di 100 Pascal. Risultati Le resistenze delle due narici si sono rilevate inversamente proporzionali, con andamento ricorrente nel tempo. Il tempo che intercorre tra due fasi omologhe non e stato chiarito. Si e riscontrata una grande variabilita interindividuale e intraindividuale nel tempo. Conclusioni La valutazione rinomanometrica si e rivelata una indagine non invasiva e molto utile in fase diagnostica e terapeutica ortognatodontica. Inoltre, essa risulta spesso alterata a causa di discrepanze del diametro trasverso del mascellare superiore.

We examined whether recruitment maneuvers (RMs) with gradual increase in airway pressure (RAMP) provide better outcome than continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in paraquat-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Wistar rats received saline intraperitoneally (0.5 mL, CTRL) or paraquat (15 mg/kg, ALI). Twenty-four hours later lung mechanics [static elastance, viscoelastic component of elastance, resistive, viscoelastic and total pressures] were determined before and after recruitment with 40 cmH2O CPAP for 40 s or 40-s-long slow increase in pressure up to 40 cmH2O (RAMP) followed by 0 or 5 cmH2O PEEP. Fractional area of alveolar collapse and PCIII mRNA were determined. All mechanical parameters and the fraction area of alveolar collapse were higher in ALI compared to CTRL. Only RAMP-PEEP maneuver significantly improved lung mechanics and decreased PCIII mRNA expression (53%) compared with ALI, while both RMs followed by PEEP decreased alveolar collapse. In conclusion, in the present experimental ALI model, RAMP followed by 5 cm H2O PEEP yields a better outcome.

The purpose of the study was to assess frequency and predictors of disability measures in ALS. One hundred and fourteen newly diagnosed patients resident in eight administrative districts of Lombardy, Italy (population 4,947,554), included in a population-based registry, were followed for 2570 person-months (mean 22.5 months). The cumulative time-dependent risk of wheelchair, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, and assisted ventilation was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of disability (age, sex, disease duration at diagnosis, type of onset, El-Escorial diagnosis) were assessed with the Cox proportional hazard function. During follow-up, 29 patients (25.4%) became wheelchair bound, 51 (44.7%) received gastrostomy, and 47 (41.2%) received assisted ventilation. The median time to loss of ambulation was 46.7 months (95% CI 36.5-56.8). The median time to gastrostomy and assisted ventilation was 31.1 months (95% CI 26.8-35.4) and 34.6 months (95% CI 29.6-39.6), respectively. Spinal onset ALS was the only predictor of loss of ambulation. Predictors of gastrostomy were older age, definite ALS, and shorter disease duration. Shorter disease duration was the only predictor of assisted ventilation. In conclusion, patients with ALS differ in terms of measures and predictors of disability. These factors are sources of bias and confounding in randomized clinical trials.

In this work, a method for the stability analysis of wind turbines is described. A system identification technique, formulated for handling stochastic disturbances, is used to identify a periodic reduced order model from suitable recorded time histories of the system. Afterwards, such reduced model is analyzed according to Floquet theory. The formulation is model-independent, in the sense that it does not require knowledge of the equations of motion of the periodic system being analyzed, and it is applicable to an arbitrary number of blades and to any configuration of the machine. In addition, as wind turbulence can be viewed as a stochastic disturbance, the method is also applicable to real wind turbines operating in the field. The characteristics of the new method are verified first with a simplified analytical model, and then using a high-fidelity multibody model of a multi-MW wind turbine. Results are compared with those obtained by the well known operational modal analysis approach.

The paper presents a new stability analysis approach applicable to wind turbines. At first, a reduced order periodic model is identified from response time histories, and then stability is assessed using Floquet theory. The innovation of the proposed approach is in the ability of the algorithm to simultaneously consider multiple response time histories, for example in the form of measurements recorded both on the rotor and in the stand still system. As each different measurement carries a different informational content on the system, the simultaneous use of all available signals improves the quality and robustness of the analysis.

BACKGROUND There are no studies examining the effects of sevoflurane on a chronically inflamed and remodeled airway, such as that found in asthma. In the present study, we sought to define the respiratory effects of sevoflurane in a model of chronic allergic asthma. For this purpose, pulmonary mechanics were studied and lung morphometry analyzed to determine whether the physiological modifications reflected underlying morphological changes. METHODS Thirty-six BALB/c mice (20-25 g) were randomly divided into four groups. In OVA groups, mice were sensitized with ovalbumin and exposed to repeated ovalbumin challenges. In SAL groups, mice received saline using the same protocol. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, the animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (PENTO, 20 mg/kg i.p.) or sevoflurane (SEVO, 1 MAC). Lung static elastance (Est), resistive ([DELTA]P1) and viscoelastic/inhomogeneous ([DELTA]P2) pressure decreases were analyzed by an end-inflation occlusion method. Lungs were fixed and stained for histological analysis. RESULTS Animals in the OVASEVO group showed lower [DELTA]P1 (38%), [DELTA]P2 (24%), and Est (22%) than animals in the OVAPENTO group. Histology demonstrated greater airway dilation (16%) and a lower degree of alveolar collapse (25%) in the OVASEVO compared with OVAPENTO group. [DELTA]P1 was lower (35%) and airway diameters larger (12%) in the SALSEVO compared with SALPENTO group. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane anesthesia acted both at airway level and lung periphery reducing ([DELTA]P1 and [DELTA]P2 pressures, and Est in chronic allergic asthma.

The construction of sword during the medieval age reaches a good level of quality in the western world where the “Damascus” swords assumes a legendary fame. Even from the ancient times two types of “Damascus” swords have been known: the eastern type based on the application of the ipereuctoid steels and the Western Damascus or Welded Damascus, because obtained through the friction welding of thin strips featured by different carbon contents. In this study a sword found in 1948 on the Adige riverside, near Legnago, has been sectioned and examined by optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, SEM-EBSD and the micro-hardness Vickers testing in order to point out the main microstructural features of the welded system, to identify the chemical composition of the non-metallic inclusions and the crystallographic textures produced by the forging operation. The obtained results have permitted to formulate plausible hypothesis about the significant aspects of the production process: temperature of the ore reducing furnace and of the thermo-mechanical route followed by the ancient artisans.

Rationale: Malaria responds annually for more than 1 million deaths in the tropical world. However, little is known about its pulmonary burden. Aim: To investigate whether 2 strains of Plasmodium berghei can impair lung function, histology and trigger inflammation in mice. Methods: Our Institutional Ethics Board on Animal Use approved the study (code L-033/09). 42 male C57Bl/6 mice (11-24 g) received intraperitoneally 0.2 ml of a suspension of 10 6 erythrocytes: either non-infected (RBC group, n=14) or infected with P. berghei NK65 (n=14) or ANKA (n=14). Experiments were done 3 (D3) and 7 days (D7) thereafter. Lung mechanics was determined and lungs prepared for histology. A linear regression model evaluated the influence of time, group and their interaction on the measured variables. A post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test was applied (α = 5%). Results: Elastance was higher in NK65D7 (85.6±4.4 cmH 2 O/mL) than in NK65D3, RBCD7 and ANKAD7 (31.4±4.4, 24.0±4.0, and 40.8±4.9 cmH 2 O/mL, respectively); ANKAD7 was higher than RBCD7. Airway resistive pressure (ΔP1) was higher in NK65D7 (1.02±0.09 cmH 2 O) than in NK65D3 and RBCD7 (0.61±0.09 and 0.26±0.08 cmH 2 O); ANKAD3 was larger than RBCD3 (0.80±0.10 and 0.37±0.09 cmH 2 O); ANKAD7 (0.85±0.10 cmH 2 O) was higher than RBCD7. NK65D7 viscoelastic pressure was higher than in NK65D3, RBCD7 and ANKAD7. Bronchoconstriction index followed ΔP1. Alveolar collapse was larger in D7 (NK65 and ANKA) than in D3, being worse in NK65 than in ANKA. PMN count and vascular permeability were higher in NK65 and ANKA than in RBC independently of time. Collagen increased with time in both strains. Conclusion: NK65 showed a worse lung burden than ANKA. Supported by: CNPq, FAPERJ, CAPES.

In this study, the results of the feasibility of sintering green compacts of metallic powder of MoSi2 by a CO2 laser beam as the heating source has been investigated. The main advantage of this technique is to promote a dense material in a reduced time when compared to the conventional sintering process. In order to sintering the MoSi2 powder, green compacts of 6mm of diameter and 1.6mm thickness were produced in a steel die in a uniaxial press at 100MPa and after, isostatic pressed at 350MPa. The micrograph of the samples exposed to the laser radiation performed by scanning electron microcopy (SEM) reveal the efficiency of the sintering process and the X-ray diffraction of the powders confirmed the presence of single phase after and before laser processing. The average microhardness of these compacts reached near to 700 Hv0.2 in the cross section to the laser irradiation, indicating the all sintering of the green compact.