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In modern power systems, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)-compensated transmission lines are crucial in transporting bulk power from large wind farms. However, the performance of conventional distance relays is adversely impacted by the typical fault characteristics of the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and TCSC. To address this challenge, this paper presents a new relaying algorithm such as Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise-based Dominant Mode Algorithm-Hilbert Transform (CEEMDAN-DMA-HT) for fault detection and CEEMDAN assisted Enhanced Jaya Optimization-based Random Vector Functional Link Network (EJAYA-RVFL) for fault classification. In proposed fault detection algorithm, the differential current from both ends of the line is subjected to Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise, leading to the extraction of distinct intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Employing the Dominant Mode Algorithm, the IMF with the highest Pearson correlation coefficient, referred to as the dominant IMF, is identified. Subsequently, a comparison between this dominant mode IMF and the original input signal is conducted after passing the obtained signal through the Hilbert Transform (HT), enabling effective fault detection. The proposed classifier leverages a straightforward feature set that quantifies the energy of each phase and the ground. These features serve as inputs for the proposed classifier, facilitating the categorization of different fault types. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed relaying algorithm, several fault and non-fault scenarios are simulated on a test power system using MATLAB/Simulink. The results demonstrate that; the proposed fault detection and classification algorithm are able to detect and classify faults in less than a half-cycle. The proposed method gives 100% fault accuracy for fault detection and 99.97 % accuracy for fault classification. Furthermore, the proposed classifier achieves the performance metrics like Precision (0.998), Recall (0.997) and F1-Score (0.996), providing quantitative insights into its accuracy and dependability. Finally, a comparative analysis is carried out with existing approaches.

To reduce TB deaths, Tamil Nadu, a southern Indian state, implemented the first state-wide differentiated TB care strategy starting April 2022. Triage-positive severely ill patients are prioritised for comprehensive assessment and inpatient care. Routine program data during October–December 2022 revealed that documentation of total score after comprehensive assessment was available in only 39%, possibly indicating poor quality of comprehensive assessment. We confirmed this using operational research. The case record form to record comprehensive assessment was used only in 26% and among these, the completeness and correctness in filling out the form were sub-optimal. There is a clear need to enhance the quality of comprehensive assessments.

Ethanolamine (NH _2 CH _2 CH _2 OH) has recently been identified in the molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027, situated in the SgrB2 complex in the Galactic center. However, its presence in other regions, and in particular in star-forming sites, is still elusive. Given its likely role as a precursor to simple amino acids, understanding its presence in the star-forming region is required. Here, we present the experimentally obtained temperature-dependent spectral features and morphological behavior of pure ethanolamine ices under astrochemical conditions in the 2–12 μ m (MIR) and 120–230 nm (VUV) regions for the first time. These features would help in understanding its photochemical behavior. In addition, we present the first chemical models specifically dedicated to ethanolamine. These models include all the discussed chemical routes from the literature, along with the estimated binding energies and activation energies from quantum chemical calculations reported in this work. We have found that surface reactions CH _2 OH + NH _2 CH _2 → NH _2 CH _2 CH _2 OH and NH _2 + C _2 H _4 OH → NH _2 CH _2 CH _2 OH in warmer regions (60–90 K) could play a significant role in the formation of ethanolamine. Our modeled abundance of ethanolamine complements the upper limit of ethanolamine column density estimated in earlier observations in hot core/corino regions. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical estimation of the rotational and distortional constants for various species (such as HNCCO, NH _2 CHCO, and NH _2 CH _2 CO) related to ethanolamine that have not been studied in existing literature. This study could be valuable for identifying these species in the future.

Abstract The atmospheric model at any location is an altitude variation of temperature, pressure, and density. Such models are crucial for designing launch vehicles and as well as for scientific research. The models available over the Indian region were developed three decades ago using in situ observations till 1990, and hence a need was felt to revamp and regenerate the model. The focus of the present revised atmosphere is to look into the variability on a monthly and annual scale using long‐term data from both in situ and space‐based observations. The new model can accommodate and address the appropriate temporal variability and dispersions over time. It will also account for the seasonal and decadal variability and the variations due to climate change. The present reference atmosphere utilizes data from different platforms to provide a robust mean and bounds for the temperature, pressure, and density. The new model is developed using observations from 44 years (1975–2018) of radiosonde (0–25 km), 20 years (1971–1991) of M‐100 rocket (26–80 km), and 17 years (2002–2018) of SABER (26–110 km). The reference atmosphere contains monthly and annual means with ±3σ bounds for temperature, pressure, and density. The reference atmosphere can be directly used to design future ISRO launching vehicles.

Abstract Background The urinary stone formation is a very common health problem due to the prolonged medication. Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O, CHPD and Brushite) is one of the major constituent of urinary stone crystals. The formation and deposition of brushite crystals is the central cause of recurrent kidney stone disease among the global population. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Aegle marmelos leaves on the growth of brushite crystals to explicate the inhibitory effect of urinary stones from a different point of view. Methods The CHPD crystals were grown by the Single Diffusion Gel growth technique. In order to inhibit the formation of urinary stones, CHPD crystals are grown in the laboratory in the pure form and by adding the prolonged medicine A. marmelos taken especially by diabetic patients. A comparative study of the pure and A. marmelos leaves added crystals has been carried out using the Growth factor, Powder X-ray diffraction, Microstructural parameters, FTIR and SEM-EDAX. Results Total mass of the grown crystals is found to decrease with increasing concentrations of leaf extract of the A. marmelos. On comparing with undoped, crystalline size of the A. marmelos doped samples is reduced. Disappearance of absorption band and peak shift in the FTIR shows the incorporation of functional groups of A. marmelos. The morphology changes of the treated crystals are assessed in SEM. Conclusions The result shows that herbal extracts prepared from A. marmelos have good inhibitory effect on the growth of the brushite urinary stone crystals considered.

Purpose: To report 3 otherwise healthy patients with Herpes zoster reactivation shortly after administration of a mRNA vaccine against the novel COVID-19 virus. Observations: Patient 1 is a 54 year old who presented with Herpes zoster meningitis complicated by enhancing nodular leptomeningeal lesions of the spinal cord. The subsequent two patients had Herpes zoster ophthalmicus of the cornea (Case 2) and eyelid (Case 3). All three presented within 2 weeks of receiving the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: Herpes zoster may be a side effect of m RNA vaccination against the Sars-CoV2 vaccine and requires further investigation.

Purpose: Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular pathogen that cause listeriosis, a fatal foodborne disease for human and animals. Pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes is tightly controlled by transcriptional regulators. Among these regulators, we found the genome of L. monocytogenes F2365 contains seven members of the DeoR-family of regulators. Although some members of the DeoR-family have been studied in several bacteria, its function in L. monocytogenes is unexplored, even though sugar metabolism is crucial for virulence. The goal of the present study was to assess the importance of fruR (LMOF2365_2307), which encodes a DeoR-family transcriptional regulator, in the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Methods & Materials: Overlap extension PCR and allelic exchange were used to construct an L. monocytogenes strain lacking fruR (ΔfruR). To determine the role in in vivo and intracellular virulence, mice model challenges and plaque assay in murine L2 fibroblast cell lines were conducted, respectively. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis were performed to identify upregulation and downregulation of genes due to deletion of fruR. Results: In the murine model, deletion of fruR severely decreased virulence compared to parent F2365 strain, and constitutive activation of PrfA, a key virulence regulator of L. monocytogenes, did not restore virulence to ΔfruR strain. Moreover, ΔfruR strain was defective for cell-to-cell spread in L2 fibroblast cells. The ΔfruR strain had an increased lag phase compared to F2365 during growth in media with H2O2, suggesting that FruR contributes to survival of L. monocytogenes during oxidative stress. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) genes were significantly affected by fruR deletion. In particular, FruR induces expression of genes encoding PPP enzymes and suppresses glycolysis genes. Taken together, these results suggest a novel virulence mechanism whereby FruR upregulates the PPP, and this upregulation is necessary for full protection from oxidative stress. Conclusion: This study clarifies the role of FruR in controlling L. monocytogenes carbon metabolism and provides a new mechanism allowing metabolic adaptation of L. monocytogenes to oxidative stress and may assist in the development of intervention strategies to control Listeria infection.

The present review presents important research work carried out relating to potential applications of nanostructures loaded conductive polymer composite materials, particularly the nanocomposites of polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, Chitosan and Cellulose based polymers. Wide literature data is abstracted in this review pertaining to synthesis of nanocomposites, target analysts, sensitivity of the reported electrode material and the contribution of conducting polymer to achieve high efficiency. A significant attention has been given to the conductive polymer composites in the detection of pathogenic microorganism and their DNA, particularly through electrochemical methods.

Autoantibodies to M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (aPLA2R) are seen in two-thirds of patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and are associated with disease activity. However, the precise temporal dynamics between the presence and amount of aPLA2R in circulation, as well as the clinical activity, are not known. We evaluated the temporal association between disease activity and serum aPLA2R during and after treatment in PMN. Methods: The study included all patients with PMN and elevated aPLA2R who were started on immunosuppressive therapy for persistent nephrotic syndrome at a single center between December 2014 and December 2015. Serum samples were tested for aPLA2R at baseline and at monthly intervals for 6 months. Clinical details were collected monthly for 9 months. Serological remission was defined as negative aPLA2R in 2 consecutive samples. Clinical remission was defined by standard criteria. Results: A total of 30 patients with PMN were studied. Of these, 28 (93%) had elevated levels at baseline, whereas 2 (7%) became positive after 1 month. The mean age was 33.2 ± 1 (range, 13−52) years. Median baseline aPLA2R titer was 163.41 (range, 70−291.01) RU/ml. A total of 24 patients (80%) achieved serological remission by 6 months. Among all the serological responders, 54% had achieved negative aPLA2R by the end of the first month. Clinical remission was observed in 20 patients (67%). Serological and clinical remission were noted at 2.7 ± 1.71 and 5.05 ± 2.64 months, respectively. Conclusion: In patients with aPLA2R-associated PMN, reduction in circulating aPLA2R precedes clinical remission. Persistence of aPLA2R at the end of therapy is associated with clinical resistance.

Abstract Objectives Data was gathered to study the impact of a context-specific modified WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (mSCC) at two tertiary care settings in Sri Lanka, as a part of an implementation program. Data description We provide data sets of a prospective observational study which was conducted in the University Obstetrics Unit at De Soysa Hospital for Women (DSHW), Colombo and two Obstetric Units at Teaching Hospital, Mahamodara, Galle (THMG), Sri Lanka. These consist of demographic and checklist implementation details and data on the level of acceptance. The study was conducted over 8 weeks at DSHW and over 4 weeks at THMG. Checklists were kept attached to clinical records at admission and collected on discharge. Level of acceptance was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Outcome measures were adoption rate (percentage of deliveries where mSCC was used), adherence to practices (mean percentage of items checked in each checklist), response rate (percentage of staff members who responded to questionnaire) and level of acceptance (percentage of “strongly agree/agree” in Likert scale to five questions regarding acceptance of modified SCC).

In addition to glomerular lesion, renal vascular lesion is also an important prognostic marker of lupus nephritis (LN). Among patients with various vascular changes, individuals with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) present with severe clinical manifestations and have a high mortality. The aim of the present study was to assess the spectrum and impact of TMA on the outcomes of LN. In a prospective observational study of 2.5 years’ duration, clinical and renal histopathological data regarding biopsy-proven LN were noted, and evaluation for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) as a cause of TMA in LN was also carried out. Methods: Study subjects were followed up actively for 6 months, and various outcomes were noted. Cases were divided into 2 groups as LN with TMA and LN without TMA, and various features were compared between the 2 groups. Outcomes recorded were complete response (CR), partial response (PR), treatment failure, and death. Results: Of the 197 patients with LN, 50 patients (25.4%) were diagnosed with co-existing renal TMA. Five patients (10%) were found to have concomitant APS. As compared to patients without TMA, those with TMA had significantly higher rates of oliguria (P = 0.035), advanced renal injury, that is, serum creatinine > 3mg/dl (P = 0.002), fibrocellular and fibrous crescents (P = 0.01), and tubular atrophy (P = 0.001). Outcomes included CR in 15 patients (30%), PR in 10 (20%), failure in 19 (38%), and death in 6 (12%). Patients with LN with TMA had higher rates of treatment failure (P = 0.02) compared to the group without TMA. Discussion: The presence of TMA in patients with LN is associated with adverse clinicopathological presentation and poor outcome.

Current understanding of mercury (Hg) behavior in the atmosphere contains significant gaps. Some key characteristics of Hg processes, including anthropogenic and geogenic emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and air–surface exchange, are still poorly known. This study provides a complex analysis of processes governing Hg fate in the atmosphere involving both measured data from ground-based sites and simulation results from chemical transport models. A variety of long-term measurements of gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) and reactive Hg (RM) concentration as well as Hg wet deposition flux have been compiled from different global and regional monitoring networks. Four contemporary global-scale transport models for Hg were used, both in their state-of-the-art configurations and for a number of numerical experiments to evaluate particular processes. Results of the model simulations were evaluated against measurements. As follows from the analysis, the interhemispheric GEM gradient is largely formed by the prevailing spatial distribution of anthropogenic emissions in the Northern Hemisphere. The contributions of natural and secondary emissions enhance the south-to-north gradient, but their effect is less significant. Atmospheric chemistry has a limited effect on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of GEM concentration in surface air. In contrast, RM air concentration and wet deposition are largely defined by oxidation chemistry. The Br oxidation mechanism can reproduce successfully the observed seasonal variation of the RM ∕ GEM ratio in the near-surface layer, but it predicts a wet deposition maximum in spring instead of in summer as observed at monitoring sites in North America and Europe. Model runs with OH chemistry correctly simulate both the periods of maximum and minimum values and the amplitude of observed seasonal variation but shift the maximum RM ∕ GEM ratios from spring to summer. O3 chemistry does not predict significant seasonal variation of Hg oxidation. Hence, the performance of the Hg oxidation mechanisms under study differs in the extent to which they can reproduce the various observed parameters. This variation implies possibility of more complex chemistry and multiple Hg oxidation pathways occurring concurrently in various parts of the atmosphere.

Objectives: The Indian Council of Medical Research and the Department of Health Research have established a network of Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratories (VRDL) to strengthen laboratory capacity in India. We analyzed the data generated by the 52 VRDLs during 2014–2017 to describe the epidemiology of dengue fever (DF) in India. Methods: As per the laboratory protocol, suspected DF patients reporting to various hospitals where VRDLs are located, or samples from suspected DF outbreaks are investigated for the presence of NS1 antigen or IgM antibodies against dengue. The data were analyzed to describe the distribution of DF by time (month and year), place (district and state) and person (age and sex) characteristics. Results: Between 2014–2017, VRDLs investigated 211,432 suspected DF patients, 28.4% of whom were serologically confirmed. The median age of dengue positive patients was 25 years (IQR: 16-36). Dengue positivity was significantly higher among males. The mean monthly dengue positivity ranged from 7.7% to 37%, with higher positivity reported during September and October months. VRDLs provided diagnosis to 190 suspected outbreaks. Conclusions: The data from the VRDL network indicate dengue was the etiology in one-fourth of AFI cases. Dengue was the second commonest etiology of suspected outbreaks diagnosed by VRDLs. Keywords: Dengue, Surveillance, India

Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010–2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.

This study reports the in vitro cytotoxic effect of biologically synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles against MDA-MB-231, human breast cancer cells. Formation of silver and gold nanoparticles was observed within 30 min and the various characterization techniques such as UV–vis spectrophotometer, FE-SEM, TEM and XRD studies were confirmed the synthesis of nanoparticles. Further, MTT, acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation assays were carried out using various concentrations of silver and gold nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 100 μg/ml. At 100 μg/ml concentration, the plant extract derived nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxic effects and the apoptotic features were confirmed through caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation assays. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that biologically synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles might be used to treat breast cancer; however, it necessitates clinical studies to ascertain their potential as anticancer agents.

In this article, we describe the seasonal variation of air-sea interface fluxes of heat, momentum and moisture over the East Asian Marginal Seas (EAMS) surrounding the Korean Peninsula. Surface layer meteorological observations for a period of about six years obtained from five oceanic buoys deployed in the Yellow Sea, Korean Strait and East (Japan) Sea form the database for this study. With the available database, monthly mean of sensible heat flux, latent heat flux and momentum flux obtained from the present analysis is compared with the existing climatological data over the EAMS.

Air-Sea exchange of momentum, heat and moisture over the oceanic surface plays an important role in understanding several processes spanning various scales of atmospheric and oceanic motions. The present study provides estimates of air-sea exchange parameters along the cruise track of the Intensive Field Phase of Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX, IFP-99) conducted on board Oceanic Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya during 20 January–12 March 1999 for a large region of the Indian Ocean. The study is aimed at acquiring a better understanding of the wind speed dependence of air-sea interaction parameters, such as roughness lengths for wind (z0), temperature (z0t) and hu-midity (z0q), which play a key role in the determination of the air-sea exchange coefficients and interface fluxes across the tropical oceans. The variation of drag coefficient (CD), sensible heat and water vapor exchange coefficients (CH and CE), are also discussed in relation to the wind speed. An empirical relation is derived between the estimated values of drag coefficients and the observed values of wind speeds for the hitherto data-sparse regions over the tropical Indian Ocean.Key words. Oceanography: physical (air-sea interaction) Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (ocean-atmosphere interaction) – Oceanography: physical (marine meteorology)

This study investigates the impact of partial versus full mirror use on body image in a beginner-level ballet class. At the end of a seven-week period, researchers distributed an online survey inclusive of qualitative questions to two groups of female collegiate students enrolled in separate beginner-level ballet courses taught by the same professor. One group had full access to the mirror during class, while the other only had access to the mirror during center work. Results show that differences occurred between the two groups regarding how comfortable students felt in their ballet attire, how they sensed their bodies changing over the course of the semester, how they utilized the mirror during class, and how they understood the mirror's purpose in relationship to their embodied practices. Ultimately, students with less mirror time experienced more holistic, full-body transformations by the end of the seven-week period.

In the title compound, C21H20Cl3NO2, the piperidin-4-one ring adopts a boat conformation. The two 2-chlorophenyl groups are approximately perpendicular to each other, making a dihedral angle of 74.07 (8)°.

In the title compound, C20H21F2NO, the piperidine ring in each of the two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit adopts a normal chair conformation with an equatorial orientation of the 3-fluorophenyl groups. The dihedral angles between the two 3-fluorophenyl rings are 49.89 (7) and 50.35 (7)° in the two molecules.

In the title compound, C27H32N2O5, the morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation with two C atoms deviating by −0.656 (4) and 0.679 (3) Å from the least-squares plane defined by the rest of atoms in the ring. The tetrahydropyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The molecular structure is stabilized by a strong intramolecular O—H...O interaction, generating an S(6) motif. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular C—H...O interactions, generating a C(7) chain along the a axis, and R22(20) and R44(20) graph-set motifs.

In the title compound, C23H26BrNO4, the piperidinone ring adopts a boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 70.9 (1)°. The two methoxy groups are close to coplanar with the attached benzene rings [C—C—O—C torsion angles of 6.3 (5) and 16.4 (4)°]. A weak C—H...Br intramolecular interaction is observed. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into a chain along [101] by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds. A short intermolecular Br...O contact [3.063 (2) Å] is observed.

CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 perovskite is reportedly highly stable in ambient open air, lead free, and has excellent optoelectrical properties. An inverted p–i–n solar cell device based on this mixed SnGe perovskite utilizing the reported optical and electrical characteristics of the CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 is simulated. This theoretical device under various recombination regimes to explore the performance ceiling of CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 is put. An optimized configuration of CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3‐based perovskite solar cell shows an efficiency of 29% under the impact of only intrinsic recombination losses such as radiative (with radiative recombination coefficient of 10−11) and Auger recombination (recombination coefficient of 10−27). When extrinsic factors are considered, such as resistance losses (series resistance as high as 2 Ω cm2 and shunt resistance as low as 1000 Ω cm2), efficiency decreases to 27.5%. The efficiency is 20% when trap‐assisted Shockley–Read–Hall recombination is considered with voltage loss (VLoss) of 0.5 V. Similarly, VLoss = 0.6 V in VOC restricts device efficiency to 15%. Finally, an efficiency waterfall chart summarizes the CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3, efficiency under different extrinsic losses, and the performance loss analysis, providing an optimal design. The results summarized here are expected to be helpful and prompt experimentalists to fabricate this stable lead‐free perovskite solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]