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Catalytic properties of the tungstated alumina (WA) supported catalysts with different nature and content of active metal (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ni) were studied in the continuous flow hydrodeoxygenation of sorbitol at a temperature of 653 K, a pressure of 4.0 MPa, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 1.0 h−1. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physical adsorption, H2-TPR, CO chemisorption, TEM, and NH3-TPD. It was found that all catalysts provide complete conversion of sorbitol with the formation of C5–C7 hydrocarbons as the main products which include n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and isoalkanes. The yield of С5–С7 hydrocarbons after 1 h of the reaction increases from 42 to about 74 mol% in a series of catalysts: 5% Ni/WA

Al/Co alloys with different element ratios were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface propagation of components of the Ga/In eutectic was studied in situ by energy-dispersive spectroscopy in the microscope chamber, and their propagation rate was estimated. It decreases with increasing Co content. Interaction of the Al/Co alloy with the liquid Ga/In eutectic was compared to that of the previously studied Al/Ni and Al/Fe alloys.

Some Al / M alloys (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) with different element ratios and phase composition were activated with a liquid Ga / In eutectic at 150 ° C in a vacuum glass reactor for about 2 hours. This method of activation of binary aluminum alloys is very important in catalysis due to the increased reactivity of aluminum and these alloys with respect to chlorine-containing compounds. The corresponding interactions lead to the formation of metal-aluminum chloride complexes, which are active in many practically important low-temperature reactions of hydrocarbons.Some Al / M alloys (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) with different element ratios and phase composition were activated with a liquid Ga / In eutectic at 150 ° C in a vacuum glass reactor for about 2 hours. This method of activation of binary aluminum alloys is very important in catalysis due to the increased reactivity of aluminum and these alloys with respect to chlorine-containing compounds. The corresponding interactions lead to the formation of metal-aluminum chloride complexes, which are active in many practically important low-temperature reactions of hydrocarbons.

The effect of strontium-containing compounds on the crystallization of strontium-substituted carbonate- hydroxylapatite from a human synovial fluid prototype was studied. Synthesis products were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The amount of strontium in samples was determined by atomic emission analysis. For the synthesized phases, crystallite sizes were calculated by the Selyakov–Sherer formula, and the unit cell parameters were determined. The kinetically stable brushite phase was shown to transform into the more thermodynamically stable phase of strontium-containing carbonate-hydroxylapatite with increasing exposure time of precipitates under the mother solution. Some schemes were proposed for phase transformations under heat treatment.

The effect of zirconia, which is introduced upon mixing of hydroxides, on physicochemical and catalytic properties of platinum-alumina catalyst was studied. The samples were examined in conversion of n-hexane and joint conversion of n-hexane (C6H14) with n-butane (C4H10). Kinetic parameters of the tested reactions were investigated. It was found that a zirconia content in the support of 0.5 wt.% increases the yield of arenes in comparison with unmodified catalyst.

The influence of strontium ranelate on the crystallization of carbonate hydroxyapatite from a prototype of synovial fluid of humans has been investigated. The synthesis products are studied by IR Fourier spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The amount of strontium in the samples is determined by atomic emission analysis. The sizes of crystallites in the synthesized phases are calculated from the Selyakov–Scherrer formula; the lattice parameters are also determined. The phases obtained are found to be species of calcium-deficient strontium-containing carbonate hydroxyapatite of mixed A and B types. Schemes of chemical reactions occurring during heat treatment are proposed.

Spherical granules have been obtained based on gelatin and carbonate-hydroxylapatite synthesized from an analog of the synovial human liquid. The granules’ surface and morphological characteristics, fraction composition, and thermal stability have been investigated.

The work deals with the synthesis of carbonate hydroxylapatite from a prototype human synovial fluid. The process of carbonate hydroxylapatite crystallization on the alloys of different composition, roughness, and treatment techniques is studied. The quantitative characteristics measuring the efficiency of coating deposition by biomimetic synthesis from the model solution of human synovial fluid are calculated.

Carbonate hydroxyapatite has been synthesized from prototype human synovial fluid and its surface characteristics on titanium have been evaluated. We have studied the effect of suspension composition on the morphological and surface characteristics and quality of the coatings and examined the influence of dopants (silicate ions and gelatin) on the properties of the coatings.

The crystallization of calcium phosphates from a model solution of human synovial liquid with the participation of titanyl ions has been studied in this work. The possibility of precipitating calcium phosphates on titanium samples is checked. The energies of adhesion and cohesion of these substances on titanium are calculated.

The solubility of carbonated hydroxyapatite powders and granulated carbonated hydroxyapatite produced from the synovial biofluid model solution has been studied. The kinetic characteristics of dissolution were determined. It was found that the solubility of carbonated hydroxyapatite is higher as compared to that of hydroxyapatite. The impact of the organic matrix on the rate of sample dissolution was revealed. For HA-gelatin composites, as the gelatin concentration grows, the dissolution rate becomes greater, and a sample of 6.0 g / L concentration has higher resorbability. The results of the research can be used to study the kinetics of dissolution and the biocompatibility of ceramic materials for medicine, namely for reconstructive surgery, dentistry, and development of drug delivery systems.

In live organisms of biological liquids are formed various органоминеральные units (a bone and tooth fabric, nephritic, salivary and scales in a human body etc.). It is known that the major property of any liquid is its viscosity. Viscosity renders a great influence for speed of movement of a liquid, resistance which it renders to particles at their moving, thereby defines a direction and intensity of many biochemical reactions, including processes of formation of mineral phases in vivo. Change is viscous – elastic properties influences a number of physical and chemical parametres of biological system, affects speed of the chemical reactions proceeding in bioliquids. Such bioliquid is synovial a liquid (SL, synovial) the person, it is one of the basic components of a joint and substantially defines its morfo-functional condition, carries out the important role in realisation of functions of a joint and maintenance of its communication with other fabrics. The key characteristic of the given bioliquid is its viscosity which provides normal mobility of a joint, reduces a friction and provides functional congruence. Viscosity синовии considerably fluctuates depending on рН, concentration of salts, temperatures. In comparison with other bioliquids viscosity synovial liquids is high enough [Veresov, etc., 2004,], in communication, with what the purpose given work is the establishment of influence of viscosity of modelling solution synovial on processes of a bone mineralization. According to earlier spent thermodynamic calculation [Lemeshev, 2010], it is shown that within the limits of the chosen thermodynamic model in an investigated range рН in solutions probably formation of following substances (tab. 1): Са10 (РО4) 6 (IT) 2, β-Ca3 (РО4) 2, MgHPO4·3Н2О, Ca4H(РО4)3·2.5Н2О, СaHРО4·2Н2О, CaCO3-kaltsit, CaCO3-aragonite, α-Ca3 (РО4) 2. Thus for each system of value рН the sedimentation beginnings slightly soluble connections are various.

Carbonated-hydroxyapatite (CHA) and Si-hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) precipitation have been synthesized from the model bioliquid solutions (synovial fluid and SBF). It is found that all the samples synthesized from the model solutions are single-phase and represent hydroxyapatite. The crystallization of the modified hydroxyapatite on alloys of different composition, roughness and subjected to different treatment techniques was investigated. Irradiation of the titanium substrates with the deposited biomimetic coating can facilitate further growth of the crystal and regeneration of the surface.