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The 14 authors of the first review article on hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis published 2008 in EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY cumulating from the 1st International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Symposium held March 30–April 2, 2006 in Dessau, Germany with 33 participants were prophetic when they wrote “Hopefully, this heralds a welcome new tradition: to get to the molecular heart of HS pathogenesis, which can only be achieved by a renaissance of solid basic HS research, as the key to developing more effective HS therapy.” (Kurzen et al. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa? Exp Dermatol 2008;17:455). Fifteen years later, there is no doubt that the desired renaissance of solid basic HS research is progressing with rapid steps and that HS has developed deep roots among inflammatory diseases in Dermatology and beyond, recognized as “the only inflammatory skin disease than can be healed”. This anniversary article of 43 research-performing authors from all around the globe in the official journal of the European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. (EHSF e.V.) and the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation, Inc (HSF USA) summarizes the evidence of the intense HS clinical and experimental research during the last 15 years in all aspects of the disease and provides information of the developments to come in the near future. © 2020 The Authors. Experimental Dermatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Introduction. Vestibular schwannomas (VS) or acoustic neuromas (AN) (as they are known to neurosurgeons) are benign tumors which originate at the junction between central nervous system myelin and peripheral nervous system myelin – an area known as the Obersteiner-Redlich area. Acoustic neuromas represent a special pathologic entity for neurosurgeons due to their important symptoms which need to be adressed as soon as possible and due to the secondary disfunctions which may appear if the tumors are not treated appropriately. Materials and methods. The study below presents the experience of the authors regarding the use of stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of acoustic neuromas. The authors focus on a population of 231 patients diagnosed and treated for VS over a period of 10 years at the „Bagdasar-Arseni“ University Hospital in Bucharest. This study compares the impact of Gamma Knife Surgery when performed alone or in association with open microneurosurgery. The authors assessed patients with tumors ranging between 0.25 and 14 cm3 in volume. Gamma Knife Surgery is used successfully to treat VS, both independantly or in association with open microsurgery. Results. The major complications of the treatment are represented by lack of response to treatment (less than 1% of patients) and cerebral edema (16.4% of patients). Conclusions. Given its multiple advantages, stereotactic radiosurgery is right now the tip of the spear regarding the therapeutical means available for VS. When the tumors met in daily practice are larger than the therapeutical resources of the devices used for Gamma Knife Surgery an open microsurgical approach may be attempted followed by stereotactic iradiation of the remnant tumor. Given the large number of successes reported in the literature and the small number of complications but also the ever progressing technology used to improve Gamma Knife devices, the authors consider stereotactic radiosurgery to be a very good solution for the treatment of VS. Furthermore, the improvement potential this technique has grants it the potential to improve standard of treatment for acoustic neuromas and the quality of life in patients with this disease.

This paper describes the implementation of a two-channel analog front-end circuit for electrooculography signals. Due to hyper polarizations and depolarizations between the cornea and the retina, the human eye can be modeled as an electric dipole. An analog signal conditioning circuit has been proposed to capture the electric dipole potential and the saccadic eye movements, by using high precision instrumentation amplifier and integrator circuit to adjust the offset. A right drive leg is implemented to increase the common mode rejection ratio along with a Butterworth low pass filter to eliminate the interference noise from power line sources. Also, it was implemented an isolator circuit to separate the bio-signals from the signals in a microcontroller (human-computer interface) as well as a mask for easy implementation and use to control a wheelchair.

Online technologies offer the promise of an efficient, improved healthcare system. Patients benefit from increased access to care, physicians are afforded greater flexibility in care delivery, and the health system itself benefits from lower costs to provide such care. One method of incorporating online care into clinical practice, called electronic office visits or "eVisits," allows physicians to provide a consultation with patients online. We performed an analysis of the current published literature on eVisits as well as present emerging research describing the use of mobile platforms as the delivery model. We focused on the role of eVisits in acute primary care practice.A literature review was conducted using electronic databases with a variety of search terms related to the use of eVisits in primary care.Several advantages to eVisit utilization in the primary care setting were identified, namely, improvements in efficiency, continuity of care, quality of care, and access to care. Barriers to eVisit implementation were also identified, including challenges with incorporation into workflow, reimbursement, physician technological literacy, patient health literacy, overuse, security, confidentiality, and integration with existing medical technologies.Only one study of patient satisfaction with eVisit acute primary care services was identified, and this suggests that previous analyses of eVisit utilization are lacking this key component of healthcare service delivery evaluations. The delivery of primary care via eVisits on mobile platforms is still in adolescence, with few methodologically rigorous analyses of outcomes of efficiency, patient health, and satisfaction.

The 56 mm single aperture superconducting dipole model with a 5-block coil configuration was reassembled and tested to investigate the full support of electromagnetic forces using a high-manganese steel collar structure without mechanical contribution from an iron yoke. The reassembled model, which has a gap between the high manganese steel collar and the horizontally split iron yoke, reached a central field of 9 tesla (93% of short sample) at the first quench and attained the short sample limit with a few following quenches. The test results of the training quenches and the mechanical behavior after the modification are described.

A 56 mm single aperture superconducting dipole model magnet, which is one of the frameworks of the LHC collaboration between KEK and CERN, has been developed. A central field of 8.65 T is provided at a load line ratio of 90% with a 5 block coil wound with NbTi superconducting cables. The magnet has a straight section of 0.8 m and a total length of 1.2 m. The distinctive features of the magnet are a magnetically symmetrical configuration being applicable to the twin aperture magnet and mechanical consideration sharing the magnetic forces with a high manganese steel collar and a horizontally split iron yoke. The magnet showed almost no training at 4.4 K. The first quench current at 1.8 K was 91% of the short sample I/sub c/ and the magnet reached a central magnetic field of 8.8 T. Finally it could be excited with the current of more than 99% of the short sample limit which corresponds to a central field of 9.63 T.

In the first phase of the R&D programme for LHC dipoles, seven 10-m-long, 50-mm-aperture prototypes have been manufactured by European Industries. The first two prototypes, fabricated under a CERN-INFN Collaboration, were successfully tested in 1994. This paper provides a first assessment of the main test results of these two magnets, in particular for what concerns kinematics and evolution of the stress distribution in the magnet during cooldown, energization and warmup. The influence of some adopted technological solutions is also discussed. Based on test results, some design corrections are proposed for adoption in the design of the future 15-m-long LHC dipole prototype.

A single aperture dipole magnet has been developed with a design magnetic field of 10 tesla by using Nb-Ti/Cu conductor to be operated at 1.8 K in pressurized super fluid helium, The magnet features double shell coil design by using high keystone Rutherford cable and compact non-magnetic steel collars to be adaptable in split/symmetric coil/collar design for twin aperture dipoles. A design central magnetic field of 10 tesla has been successfully achieved in excitation at 1.95 K in pressurized superfluid helium. Test results of the magnet with a summary of the design and fabrication are presented.

FE-calculations have been carried out for the cross-section of the 56 mm superconducting LHC dipole prototype with aluminium common collar and a vertically split yoke. The structure has been studied at room temperature and at 1.8 K both energized and non-energized. Collaring and assembly procedure were also modeled. Considerations are also made about the influence of the tolerances on the behaviour of the structure.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a superconducting accelerator/collider for protons, heavy ions and electron-proton collisions in the multi-TeV energy range, which will be installed at CERN in the 27 km tunnel of LEP. This new facility will mainly consist of a double ring of high field superconducting magnets operating in superfluid helium at a temperature of 1.9 K. To reach the wanted beam energy (7 TeV for protons) the main dipole magnets will operate at about 8.4 T and the quadrupoles at 220 T/m field gradient. These main magnets have a two-in-one configuration with the magnetic channels for the two beams placed in a common yoke and cryostat. The LHC will have more than 10000 superconducting magnetic units. The arcs of the machine will require about 1250, 14 m long dipoles and 400, 3 m long quadrupoles. After a general outline of the project with more detailed information on the design of the magnets, the paper describes the state of magnet R&D and presents results of short models, among which one reached the record dipole field of 10.5 T, as well as of industry made full scale prototypes which have been successfully tested and measured. >

The corrector magnet for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) contains a 1.5-T dipole for orbit correction and a 8000 T/m/sup 2/ sextupole for chromaticity correction. The dipole has for compactness been mounted around the sextupole coil. A full-scale prototype of 1.3-m length has been fabricated and tested. The coils were first tested at 4.2 K. It appeared that the training of the impregnated coils could be strongly reduced by increasing the radial precompression. The coils were subsequently cooled to the operational temperature between 1.8 and 2 K and the field quality was measured with a harmonic rotating coil. The results of the tests show that the combined dipole-sextupole corrector magnet does meet the desired field strengths. >

The design options for the superconducting multipole corrector MDOS for the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) are reviewed. A series coil option is studied. The series coil design is able to meet the specified correction requirements within the total length available. Magnetic design computations have shown that the integral field harmonic errors are well within the LHC specification. Design proposals for coil fabrication and assembly are presented. >

CERN is preparing for the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to be installed in the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) tunnel. The magnetic lattice of the LHC will consist of a ring of twin-aperture dipoles and quadrupoles, connected electrically in series. To adjust the working point of the machine, tuning quadrupoles will be installed in pairs in each regular cell, next to the main quadrupoles. Also, to correct multipolar field errors in the LHC, an octupole correction winding is required near each lattice quadrupole. A nested construction of these two magnets is foreseen. The design of a prototype tuning quadrupole and octupole corrector is described. Details of magnetic and mechanical calculations are given, including results from existing and specially developed computer codes, and model work. Further, the construction procedures are described, including the facilities and tooling developed by ACICA for this work. >

The main features of the dipole magnet design have been frozen in 1996 and important steps for the preparation of their series production are being taken in the current year. To finalize the technical specifications of the superconducting cables and other components, a number of detail variants are being validated with the construction and test of short and long magnets. Thus, beside a number of 1 m long models, four 10 m long models of the main dipoles and two 14.2 m prototypes are being assembled in industry and at CERN. The fabrication of a further set of 3 full length dipoles is also starting in industry to verify the reproducibility of production and performance. The lifetime and fatigue test of the String Test Facility, consisting of three dipoles and one quadrupole and simulating the basic periodic cell of the LHC, has been successfully concluded. The String was repetitively cycled between the injection field of 0.6 T and the operational field of 8.4 T, 24 hours per day, and has accumulated more than 2100 cycles, corresponding to about ten years of machine operation. The final design of the main quadrupoles, based on the use of the dipole coil outer layer cable, is being worked out by CEA, Saclay and the construction of two new prototypes has been launched.