329 results on '"R. Papini"'
Search Results
2. Comparative Psychology of Frustrative Nonreward
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Torres, Carmen, R. Papini, Mauricio, Al-Shawaf, Laith, book editor, and Shackelford, Todd K., book editor
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- 2024
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3. SURPRISING REWARD DOWNSHIFT ACTIVATES THE LATERAL HABENULA, BUT NOT THE MEDIAL HABENULA, AS MEASURED IN TERMS OF C-FOS EXPRESSION
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Antonio Agüera, Alejandro N. Expósito, David Zafra, Marta Sabariego, Mauricio R. Papini, and Carmen Torres
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2023
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4. Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae
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S. G. Jorstad, A. P. Marscher, C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, Z. R. Weaver, H. Zhang, L. Dong, J. L. Gómez, M. V. Perel, S. S. Savchenko, V. M. Larionov, D. Carosati, W. P. Chen, O. M. Kurtanidze, A. Marchini, K. Matsumoto, F. Mortari, P. Aceti, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, T. Andreeva, G. Apolonio, C. Arena, A. Arkharov, R. Bachev, M. Banfi, G. Bonnoli, G. A. Borman, V. Bozhilov, M. I. Carnerero, G. Damljanovic, S. A. Ehgamberdiev, D. Elsässer, A. Frasca, D. Gabellini, T. S. Grishina, A. C. Gupta, V. A. Hagen-Thorn, M. K. Hallum, M. Hart, K. Hasuda, F. Hemrich, H. Y. Hsiao, S. Ibryamov, T. R. Irsmambetova, D. V. Ivanov, M. D. Joner, G. N. Kimeridze, S. A. Klimanov, J. Knött, E. N. Kopatskaya, S. O. Kurtanidze, A. Kurtenkov, T. Kuutma, E. G. Larionova, S. Leonini, H. C. Lin, C. Lorey, K. Mannheim, G. Marino, M. Minev, D. O. Mirzaqulov, D. A. Morozova, A. A. Nikiforova, M. G. Nikolashvili, E. Ovcharov, R. Papini, T. Pursimo, I. Rahimov, D. Reinhart, T. Sakamoto, F. Salvaggio, E. Semkov, D. N. Shakhovskoy, L. A. Sigua, R. Steineke, M. Stojanovic, A. Strigachev, Y. V. Troitskaya, I. S. Troitskiy, A. Tsai, A. Valcheva, A. A. Vasilyev, O. Vince, L. Waller, E. Zaharieva, R. Chatterjee, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and European Commission
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High-energy astrophysics ,Multidisciplinary ,Astrophysical magnetic fields, High-energy astrophysics, Time-domain astronomy ,Time-domain astronomy ,Astrophysical magnetic fields - Abstract
Full list of authors: Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.; Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Weaver, Z. R.; Zhang, H.; Dong, L.; Gomez, J. L.; Perel, M., V; Savchenko, S. S.; Larionov, V. M.; Carosati, D.; Chen, W. P.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Marchini, A.; Matsumoto, K.; Mortari, F.; Aceti, P.; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; Andreeva, T.; Apolonio, G.; Arena, C.; Arkharov, A.; Bachev, R.; Bonnoli, G.; Borman, G. A.; Bozhilov, V; Carnerero, M., I; Damljanovic, G.; Ehgamberdiev, S. A.; Elsasser, D.; Frasca, A.; Gabellini, D.; Grishina, T. S.; Gupta, A. C.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.; Hallum, M. K.; Hart, M.; Hasuda, K.; Hemrich, F.; Hsiao, H. Y.; Ibryamov, S.; Irsmambetova, T. R.; Ivanov, D., V; Joner, M. D.; Kimeridze, G. N.; Klimanov, S. A.; Knoett, J.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Kurtenkov, A.; Kuutma, T.; Larionova, E. G.; Leonini, S.; Lin, H. C.; Lorey, C.; Mannheim, K.; Marino, G.; Minev, M.; Mirzaqulov, D. O.; Morozova, D. A.; Nikiforova, A. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Ovcharov, E.; Papini, R.; Pursimo, T.; Rahimov, I; Reinhart, D.; Sakamoto, T.; Salvaggio, F.; Semkov, E.; Shakhovskoy, D. N.; Sigua, L. A.; Steineke, R.; Stojanovic, M.; Strigachev, A.; Troitskaya, Y., V; Troitskiy, I. S.; Tsai, A.; Valcheva, A.; Vasilyev, A. A.; Vince, O.; Waller, L.; Zaharieva, E.; Chatterjee, R., Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales1,2,3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare4 in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet5, plasma instabilities6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. 9). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars10, is powered by a 1.7 × 108 MSun (ref. 11) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. 12)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities6 near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image. © 2022 Springer Nature Limited., The research reported here is based on work supported in part by US National Science Foundation grants AST-2108622 and AST-2107806, and NASA Fermi GI grants 80NSSC20K1567, 80NSSC21K1917 and 80NSSC21K1951; by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia under contract FR-19-6174; by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants DN 18-10/2017, DN 18-13/2017, KP-06-H28/3 (2018), KP-06-H38/4 (2019) and KP-06-KITAJ/2 (2020), and by National RI Roadmap Project D01-383/18.12.2020 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria; by JSPS KAKENHI grant #19K03930 of Japan; by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract 451-03-9/2021-14/200002) and observing grant support from the Institute of Astronomy and Rozhen NAO BAS through the bilateral joint research project ‘Gaia Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) and fast variable astronomical objects’; by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) through contracts I/037/08/0, I/058/10/0, 2014-025-R.0, 2014-025-R.1.2015 and 2018-24-HH.0 to the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF). H.Z. is supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by ORAU. M.V.P. is partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant 20-02-00490. G.B. acknowledges support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and from the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacíon’ (MICINN) through grant PID2019-107847RB-C44. M.D.J. thanks the Brigham Young University Department of Physics and Astronomy for continued support of the extragalactic monitoring programme under way at the West Mountain Observatory. R.C. thanks ISRO for support under the AstroSat archival data utilization programme and BRNS for support through a project grant (sanction no. 57/14/10/2019-BRNS). The measurements at the Hans Haffner Observatory, Hettstadt, Germany, were supported by Baader Planetarium, Mammendorf, Germany. This study was based (in part) on observations conducted using the 1.8-m Perkins Telescope Observatory (PTO) in Arizona, USA, which is owned and operated by Boston University. These results made use of the Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) at Lowell Observatory. Lowell Observatory is a private, non-profit institution dedicated to astrophysical research and public appreciation of astronomy, and operates the LDT in partnership with Boston University, the University of Maryland and the University of Toledo. This paper is partly based on observations made with the IAC-80 operated on the island of Tenerife by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide and on observations made with the LCOGT telescopes, one of whose nodes is located at the Observatorios de Canarias del IAC on the island of Tenerife in the Observatorio del Teide. This paper is partly based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland and Norway, the University of Iceland and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The VLBA is an instrument of the NRAO, USA. The NRAO is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.
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- 2022
5. Evidence of successive negative contrast in terrestrial toads (Rhinella arenarum): central or peripheral effect?
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Rubén N. Muzio, Agustina Yohena, and Mauricio R. Papini
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Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
6. Incentive disengagement and the adaptive significance of frustrative nonreward
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Mauricio R, Papini, Sara, Guarino, Christopher, Hagen, and Carmen, Torres
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Mammals ,Motivation ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Reward ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Emotions ,Animals ,Learning ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Frustration ,Rats - Abstract
Mammals respond to an unexpected reward omission or reduction with a variety of behavioral and physiological responses consistent with an aversive emotion traditionally called frustrative nonreward. This review focuses on two aspects of frustrative nonreward, namely (1) the evidence for an aversive emotional state activated by the surprising omission or reduction of a rewarding outcome, and (2) the adaptive value of frustration. Frustrative nonreward has been mainly studied in terms of its mechanisms, across development in rats and across vertebrate species in comparative research. However, its adaptive function remains obscure. Following Domjan's approach to animal learning, this article explores a specific adaptive function hypothesis of frustrative nonreward called the incentive disengagement hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the adaptive function of frustrative nonreward is to break an attachment to a site, situation, or stimulus that no longer yields appetitive resources (especially food and fluids) to promote the search for rewards in alternative locations. This function is of particular relevance given that mammals are especially vulnerable to reward loss due to their high metabolic rate and the energy demands of their relatively large brain.
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- 2022
7. The optical behaviour of BL Lacertae at its maximum brightness levels: a blend of geometry and energetics
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C M Raiteri, M Villata, S G Jorstad, A P Marscher, J A Acosta Pulido, D Carosati, W P Chen, M D Joner, S O Kurtanidze, C Lorey, A Marchini, K Matsumoto, D O Mirzaqulov, S S Savchenko, A Strigachev, O Vince, P Aceti, G Apolonio, C Arena, A Arkharov, R Bachev, N Bader, M Banfi, G Bonnoli, G A Borman, V Bozhilov, L F Brown, W Carbonell, M I Carnerero, G Damljanovic, V Dhiman, S A Ehgamberdiev, D Elsaesser, M Feige, D Gabellini, D Galán, G Galli, H Gaur, K Gazeas, T S Grishina, A C Gupta, V A Hagen-Thorn, M K Hallum, M Hart, K Hasuda, K Heidemann, B Horst, W-J Hou, S Ibryamov, R Z Ivanidze, M D Jovanovic, G N Kimeridze, S Kishore, S Klimanov, E N Kopatskaya, O M Kurtanidze, P Kushwaha, D J Lane, E G Larionova, S Leonini, H C Lin, K Mannheim, G Marino, M Minev, A Modaressi, D A Morozova, F Mortari, S V Nazarov, M G Nikolashvili, J Otero Santos, E Ovcharov, R Papini, V Pinter, C A Privitera, T Pursimo, D Reinhart, J Roberts, F D Romanov, K Rosenlehner, T Sakamoto, F Salvaggio, K Schoch, E Semkov, J Seufert, D Shakhovskoy, L A Sigua, C Singh, R Steineke, M Stojanovic, T Tripathi, Y V Troitskaya, I S Troitskiy, A Tsai, A Valcheva, A A Vasilyev, K Vrontaki, Z R Weaver, J H F Wooley, E Zaharieva, and A V Zhovtan
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Space and Planetary Science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
In 2021 BL Lacertae underwent an extraordinary activity phase, which was intensively followed by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration. We present the WEBT optical data in the BVRI bands acquired at 36 observatories around the world. In mid 2021 the source showed its historical maximum, with R = 11.14. The light curves display many episodes of intraday variability, whose amplitude increases with source brightness, in agreement with a geometrical interpretation of the long-term flux behaviour. This is also supported by the long-term spectral variability, with an almost achromatic trend with brightness. In contrast, short-term variations are found to be strongly chromatic and are ascribed to energetic processes in the jet. We also analyse the optical polarimetric behaviour, finding evidence of a strong correlation between the intrinsic fast variations in flux density and those in polarisation degree, with a time delay of about 13 h. This suggests a common physical origin. The overall behaviour of the source can be interpreted as the result of two mechanisms: variability on time scales greater than several days is likely produced by orientation effects, while either shock waves propagating in the jet, or magnetic reconnection, possibly induced by kink instabilities in the jet, can explain variability on shorter time scales. The latter scenario could also account for the appearance of quasi-periodic oscillations, with periods from a few days to a few hours, during outbursts, when the jet is more closely aligned with our line of sight and the time scales are shortened by relativistic effects., Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, submitted to MNRAS
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- 2023
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8. Cross-lagged associations between cognitive dispositions, identity processing styles, and identity commitments
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Michael D. Berzonsky and Dennis R. Papini
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General Psychology - Published
- 2021
9. Behavioral and neural correlates of licking for 66% alcohol in Wistar rats: Caloric balance or sensation/novelty seeking?
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Christopher Hagen, Pedro M. Ogallar, Sara Guarino, and Mauricio R. Papini
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Behavioral Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology - Published
- 2023
10. Introduction
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Mark A. Krause, Karen L. Hollis, and Mauricio R. Papini
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- 2022
11. Mechanisms Underlying Absolute and Relative Reward Value in Vertebrates
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Mauricio R. Papini
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- 2022
12. Frustrative nonreward and the basal ganglia: Chemogenetic inhibition and excitation of the nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus externus during reward downshift
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Sara Guarino, Christopher Hagen, Quynh Nguyen, and Mauricio R. Papini
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History ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Polymers and Plastics ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2023
13. B.R.N.O. CONTRIBUTIONS #41 - TIMES OF MINIMA
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Reinhold Friedrich Auer, M. Banfi, F. Salvaggio, M. Vrašťák, J. Kalášek, M. Castillo, A. Mokrý, J. Mazanec, S. Boková, R. Melia, J. Jacobsen, T. Kubica, G. Persha, P. Novotný, P. Mrňák, Martin Mašek, O. López, P. Nosáĺ, R. Papini, J. Trnka, J. Malinak, Dalibor Hanžl, F. Lomoz, A. Marchini, L. Hrádek, J. Šuchaň, V. Dienstbier, M. Smolka, M. Tornatore, T. Medulka, U. Bragagnolo, L. Versari, R. Ehrenberger, Lehký M. Hoňková, N. Ruocco, I. Lamberská, L. Durantini, S. Jíra, M. Tylšar, V. Školník, K. Lyachová, E. Vilchis, C. Girardici, M. Souza de Joode, J. Vala, B. Hladík, F. Jílek, M. Starck, M. Audejean, Ladislav Šmelcer, M. Začal, F. Walter, M. Urbaník, C. Quiňones, S. Gudmundsson, E. Pavlíková, M. Magris, L. Červinka, I. Sergey, and C. Colaco
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Physics ,Maxima and minima ,Photometry (astronomy) ,Astrophysics ,Variable star - Abstract
This paper presents 2109 times of minima for 965 objects acquired by 59 members and cooperating observers of the Variable Star and Exoplanet Section of the Czech Astronomical Society (B.R.N.O. Observing project).These observations were submitted to the website of the Variable Star and Exoplanet Section of the Czech Astronomical Society between November 2016 and March 2018.
- Published
- 2021
14. Partial reinforcement in rat autoshaping with a long CS: Effects of pramipexole and chlordiazepoxide on sign and goal tracking
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Mauricio R. Papini, Carmen Torres, Esmeralda Fuentes-Verdugo, Ricardo Pellón, and Patrick Anselme
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Statistics and Probability ,Benzodiazepine ,Pramipexole ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,05 social sciences ,Dopaminergic ,Classical conditioning ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Chlordiazepoxide ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Dopamine ,Dopamine receptor D2 ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,business ,Reinforcement ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In Pavlovian autoshaping, sign-tracking responses (lever pressing) to a conditioned stimulus (CS) are usually invigorated under partial reinforcement (PR) compared to continuous reinforcement (CR). This effect, called the PR acquisition effect (PRAE), can be interpreted in terms of increased incentive hope or frustration-induced drive derived from PR training. Incentive hope and frustration have been related to dopaminergic and GABAergic activity, respectively. We examined the within-trial dynamics of sign and goal tracking in rats exposed to 20-s-long lever presentations during autoshaping acquisition under PR vs. CR conditions under the effects of drugs tapping on dopamine and GABA activity. There was no evidence of the PRAE in these results, both groups showing high, stable sign-tracking response rates. However, the pharmacological treatments affected behavior as revealed in within-trial changes. The dopamine D2 receptor agonist pramipexole (0.4 mg/kg) suppressed lever pressing and magazine entries relative to saline controls in a within-subject design, but only in PR animals. The allosteric benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) failed to affect either sign or goal tracking in either CR or PR animals. These results emphasize the roles of dopamine and GABA receptors in autoshaping performance, but remain inconclusive with respect to incentive hope and frustration theories. Some aspects of within-trial changes in sign and goal tracking are consistent with a mixture of reward timing and response competition.
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- 2021
15. Documented bites by a yellow sac spider (Cheiracanthium punctorium) in Italy: a case report
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R Papini
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spiders ,arachnidism ,Italy ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
In Italy reports of human envenomations by yellow sac spiders have been sporadic. Since increasing clinical information would improve understanding of the danger of yellow sac spiders to humans, we report the case of a 7-year-old child and her father bitten by a documented Cheiracanthium punctorium. They developed acute persistent pain with local skin signs and numbness, and required emergency treatment. The father recovered completely within 1 to 2 hours and the child within 3 to 4 days after treatment, probably as a result of spontaneous evolution. Clinicians should be aware of the risks and immediate management of spider bites.
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- 2012
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16. An analysis of the anxiolytic effects of ethanol on consummatory successive negative contrast
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Mauricio R. Papini, Alba E. Mustaca, and Giselle V. Kamenetzky
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incentive downshift ,ethanol ,consummatory successive negative contrast ,rats ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The anxiolytic properties of ethanol (1 g/kg, 15% dose, i.p.) were studied in two experiments with rats involving incentive downshifts from a 32% to a 4% sucrose solution. In Experiment 1, alcohol administration before a downshift from 32% to 4% sucrose prevented the development of consummatory suppression (consummatory successive negative contrast, cSNC). In Experiment 2, ethanol prevented the attenuating effects of partial reinforcement (random sequence of 32% sucrose and nothing) on cSNC, causing a retardation of recovery from contrast. These effects of ethanol on cSNC are analogous to those described for the benzodiazepine anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide, suggesting that at least some of its anxiolytic effects are mediated by the same mechanisms
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- 2008
17. Frustrative nonreward and emotional self-medication:Factors modulating alcohol consumption following reward downshift in rats
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Rocío Donaire, Clara Cándido, Mauricio R. Papini, and Carmen Torres
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Behavioral Neuroscience ,Sucrose ,Alcohol Drinking ,Ethanol ,Reward ,Emotions ,Animals ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Frustration ,Rats - Abstract
Life experience involving unexpected incentive loss (e.g., loss of job or a significant other) may result in negative emotional reactions (frustration) and promote alcohol drinking. Similarly, animals exposed to a frustrative 32-to-4% sucrose downshift increase their preference for alcohol (2%) vs. water. This result was interpreted as reflecting emotional self-medication-the consumption of substances that reduce negative emotions. We conducted three experiments examining parametric manipulations of the animal model: (1) effects of a severe reward downshift (32-to-4% sucrose) on consumption of various alcohol concentrations (Experiment 1); (2) effects of different magnitudes of reward downshifts on consumption of 32% alcohol (Experiment 2); and (3) effects of partial reinforcement (an intervention that increases resistance to frustration) on 2% alcohol intake induced by a 32-to-4% sucrose downshift (Experiment 3). The results show that (1) a 32-to-4% sucrose downshift leads to an increase in alcohol intake over a wide range of alcohol concentrations; (2) the greater the reward downshift, the higher the relative increase in alcohol consumption; and (3) a treatment that increases resistance to frustration (partial reinforcement) also attenuates alcohol consumption after a sucrose downshift. These data are discussed in relation to the role of frustrative nonreward in alcohol consumption.
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- 2021
18. Evidence of successive negative contrast in terrestrial toads (Rhinella arenarum): central or peripheral effect?
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Rubén N, Muzio, Agustina, Yohena, and Mauricio R, Papini
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Mammals ,Motivation ,Reward ,Bufo arenarum ,Animals ,Learning ,Water ,Conditioning, Operant - Abstract
Prior research with terrestrial toads (Rhinella arenarum) in a water-reinforced instrumental situation indicated a direct relationship between acquisition rate and reward magnitude. However, a reward downshift produced a gradual adjustment of instrumental performance and a rapid adjustment of consummatory performance, rather than the abrupt and transient deterioration of behavior typical of a successive negative contrast effect. In Experiment 1, using a two-chamber box, a downshift from deionized water (which supports maximal rehydration) to 250-mM sodium chloride solution (which supports a lower rehydration), also yielded a gradual adjustment of instrumental behavior. In this experiment, animals received one trial per day and were allowed 300 s of access to the reward in the goal box. Experiment 2 used the same procedure, except that animals were allowed access to the solution in the goal box for 600 s. Under these conditions, reward downshift led to longer latencies (instrumental) and lower rehydration levels (consummatory) than those of unshifted controls, providing evidence for successive negative contrast. Unlike in similar experiments with mammals, the effect was not transient, but persisted relatively unmodified over twelve daily postshift trials. In this case, the possibility of adaptation of the peripheral mechanisms for water uptake is considered. The comparative relevance of these results is discussed in terms of habit formation versus expectancy-guided behavior in vertebrate learning.
- Published
- 2021
19. Frustrative nonreward and cannabinoid receptors: Chronic (but not acute) WIN 55,212-2 treatment increased resistance to change in two reward downshift tasks
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Shannon E. Conrad, Delaney Davis, Natalia Vilcek, Joanna B. Thompson, Sara Guarino, Santiago Papini, and Mauricio R. Papini
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Pharmacology ,Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ,Male ,Sucrose ,Morpholines ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Naphthalenes ,Toxicology ,Biochemistry ,Choice Behavior ,Benzoxazines ,Rats ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Reward ,Animals ,Conditioning, Operant ,Rats, Wistar ,Rimonabant ,Consummatory Behavior ,Receptors, Cannabinoid ,Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
Assessing the role of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in behavior is relevant given the trend toward the legalization of medicinal and recreational marijuana. The present research aims at bridging a gap in our understanding of CB-receptor function in animal models of frustrative nonreward. These experiments were designed to (1) determine the effects of chronic administration of the nonselective CB1-receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) on reward downshift in rats and (2) determine whether the effects of chronic WIN were reducible to acute effects. In Experiment 1, chronic WIN (7 daily injections, 10 mg/kg, ip) accelerated the recovery of consummatory behavior after a 32-to-4% sucrose downshift relative to vehicle controls. In addition, chronic WIN eliminated the preference for an unshifted lever when the other lever was subject to a 12-to-2 pellet downshift in free-choice trials, but only in animals with previous experience with a sucrose downshift. In Experiment 2, acute WIN (1 mg/kg, ip) reduced consummatory behavior, but did not affect recovery from a 32-to-4% sucrose downshift. The antagonist SR 141716A (3 mg/kg, ip) also failed to interfere with recovery after the sucrose downshift. In Experiment 3, acute WIN administration (1 mg/kg, ip) did not affect free-choice behavior after a pellet downshift, although it reduced lever pressing and increased magazine entries relative to vehicle controls. The effects of chronic WIN on frustrative nonreward were not reducible to acute effects of the drug. Chronic WIN treatment in rats, like chronic marijuana use in humans, seems to increase resistance to the effects of frustrative nonreward.
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- 2021
20. Psychosocial maladjustment arising from workplace sexual behavior directed at adolescent workers
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Dennis R. Papini and Karen L. Sears
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Coping (psychology) ,Health (social science) ,genetic structures ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,lcsh:Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,adolescents ,General Psychology ,030505 public health ,School age child ,lcsh:R ,Articles ,gender role strain ,coping ,lcsh:Psychology ,Sexual behavior ,maladjustment ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,Sexual harassment ,Clinical psychology ,Research Article - Abstract
Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine psychosocial maladjustment related to adolescents’ appraisals of workplace sexual behavior. Method: High school aged adolescents with formal work experience completed a survey containing a battery of scales. Results: Descriptive statistics addressing frequency of exposure showed that 45% of adolescent men reported at least one incident of sexual behavior directed at them personally, and 24% of adolescent women reported the same. Results further indicated that adolescent men reporting a positive experience after being targeted by direct sexual behavior at work also showed signs of internal maladjustment, such as depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Gender role strain model, which suggests that the male adolescents experienced trauma when conforming to hyper-masculine norms that call for acceptance of sexual behavior, was offered to explain why male adolescents differed from female adolescents in associations between sexual behavior appraisal and maladjustment.
- Published
- 2019
21. Brain, Behavior, and Evolution of Primates
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Mauricio R. Papini
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Evolution of primates ,Brain behavior ,Biology ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2020
22. Fundamentals of Learning and Cognition
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Mauricio R. Papini
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Cognitive science ,Cognition ,Psychology - Published
- 2020
23. Evolution of the Vertebrate Brain and Behavior
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Mauricio R. Papini
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biology ,Evolutionary biology ,biology.animal ,Vertebrate - Published
- 2020
24. Simple Nervous Systems and Behavior
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Mauricio R. Papini
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Simple (abstract algebra) ,Computer science ,Biological system - Published
- 2020
25. Biological Evolution
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Mauricio R. Papini
- Published
- 2020
26. Evo-Devo, Brain, and Behavior
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Mauricio R. Papini
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Evolutionary developmental biology ,Biology ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2020
27. Early Social Learning and Behavior
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Mauricio R. Papini
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Social learning ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 2020
28. Comparative Psychology
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Mauricio R. Papini
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Cognitive science ,Comparative psychology ,Fossil Record ,Behavioral biology ,Neural function ,Animal behavior ,Cognition ,Psychology ,Evolutionary psychology ,Field (computer science) - Abstract
This revised third edition provides an up to date, comprehensive overview of the field of comparative psychology, integrating both evolutionary and developmental studies of brain and behavior. This book provides a unique combination of areas normally covered independently to satisfy the requirements of comparative psychology courses. Papini ensures thorough coverage of topics like the fundamentals of neural function, the cognitive and associative capacities of animals, the development of the central nervous system and behavior, and the fossil record of animals including human ancestors. This text includes many examples drawn from the study of human behavior, highlighting general and basic principles that apply broadly to the animal kingdom. New topics introduced in this edition include genetics, epigenetics, neurobiological, and cognitive advances made in recent years into this evolutionary-developmental framework. An essential textbook for upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in comparative psychology, animal behavior, and evolutionary psychology, developmental psychology, neuroscience and behavioral biology.
- Published
- 2020
29. Early Learning and Behavior
- Author
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Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
Psychology - Published
- 2020
30. Comparative Analysis of Learning and Cognition
- Author
-
Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
Cognition ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 2020
31. Reproductive and Social Behavior
- Author
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Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
Biology - Published
- 2020
32. Higher Cognitive Processes
- Author
-
Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
Cognition ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 2020
33. Origin and Evolution of Animals
- Author
-
Mauricio R. Papini
- Published
- 2020
34. Reward shifts in forced-choice and free-choice autoshaping with rats
- Author
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Mauricio R. Papini and Shannon E. Conrad
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.product_category ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Response suppression ,Audiology ,Choice Behavior ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reward ,medicine ,Animals ,Attention ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Rats, Wistar ,Reinforcement ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Motivation ,Lever ,Two-alternative forced choice ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,05 social sciences ,Feeding Behavior ,Rats ,Positive contrast ,Behavioral contrast ,Conditioning, Operant ,Conditioning ,Shaping ,Psychology ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Successive negative contrast (SNC) involves a disruption of behavior when the paired reward is unexpectedly reduced from a large to a small amount, relative to a control always receiving the small amount. Five experiments with rats explored SNC in the Pavlovian autoshaping procedure in which a retractable lever is paired with the delivery of food pellets. In Experiment 1, a 12-to-2 pellet downshift either early in training (after 3 sessions) or late in training (after 20 sessions) yielded no significant evidence of SNC either in terms of lever pressing or goal entries. Experiment 2 showed that presession feeding (another form of reward devaluation) suppressed lever pressing in nonreinforced tests early in training. However, no statistical evidence of lever pressing suppression was found late in training. Presession feeding also suppressed lever pressing late in training if the test session included reinforcements. Experiment 3, using reward downshift, showed that adding a nontarget lever produced no statistical evidence of response suppression to the target lever during the downshift. Lever pressing to the target lever increased and goal entries tended to decrease after a 12-to-2 pellet downshift. Using a within-subject design and two target levers with distinct reward values (Experiment 4), reward downshift produced evidence of lever pressing enhancement in single-lever trials, but lever pressing suppression and a switch in preference to the unshifted lever in nonreinforced free-choice trials. Experiment 5 replicated these within-subject SNC effects, but found only modest evidence for a successive positive contrast effect in free-choice behavior. These results suggest that autoshaping in rats may induce response invigoration in forced-choice situations, but response suppression in free-choice situations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2018
35. Transfer between anticipatory and consummatory tasks involving reward loss
- Author
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Amanda C. Glueck, Mauricio R. Papini, and Carmen Torres
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Counterconditioning ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,05 social sciences ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Extinction (psychology) ,Audiology ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Negative contrast ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Taste conditioning ,Shaping ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Partial reinforcement ,Psychology ,Reinforcement ,Licking ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Does recovery from reward devaluation or partial reinforcement (PR) involve the counterconditioning of frustration? Transfer among tasks involving reward loss was used to uncover frustration counterconditioning. In Experiment 1, Phase 1 training in consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC; 32-to-4% sucrose devaluation) eliminated Phase 2 iSNC in one-way avoidance (40-to-3 s safety-time reduction), but the opposite sequence generated no detectable transfer. In Experiment 2, transfer from Phase 1 cSNC to Phase 2 autoshaping extinction after continuous reinforcement increased lever pressing in previously downshifted animals relative to unshifted controls. However, Phase 1 training in autoshaping under partial reinforcement (PR) had no effect on Phase 2 cSNC. Transfer from PR to cSNC also failed when sucrose pellets were used in autoshaping (Experiment 3), when autoshaping acquisition was extended from 100 to 300 trials (Experiment 4), and when preshift training in cSNC was extended from 10 to 20 sessions (Experiment 5). In Experiment 6, Phase 1 training in PR for licking enhanced Phased 2 cSNC, also involving licking, and in Experiment 7 Phase 1 PR training in autoshaping enhanced Phase 2 cSNC after a 22-to-4% sucrose downshift. Whereas prior exposure to cSNC (consummatory task) increased resistance to extinction in autoshaped lever pressing, prior training in one-way avoidance, PR in autoshaping, or PR in taste conditioning (all anticipatory tasks) either had no effect or they enhanced the cSNC effect. Frustration counterconditioning developed during these tasks, but the type of transfer effect depends on task sequence.
- Published
- 2018
36. Can surprising nonreward and adjunctive behavior influence each other?
- Author
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Mauricio R. Papini, Carmen Torres, Patricia Rick, Rocío Donaire, and Ricardo Pellón
- Subjects
Counterconditioning ,05 social sciences ,Instrumental running ,General Medicine ,Frustration ,Schedule-induced running ,Transfer ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Zoology ,Running-food proximity ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Adjunctive or schedule-induced behavior can be defined as an increase in the frequency of a behavior under conditions of intermittent reinforcement. Adjunctive behavior has been explained as developing from reinforcement contingencies and emotional responses of frustration due to periods of reward omission, among other accounts. Two experiments with rats were designed to test the hypothesis that frustration mediates adjunctive behavior. According to this hypothesis, extensive training under conditions involving both reward and reward omission (e.g., partial reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement) promote frustration counterconditioning, a mechanism activated when reward omissions are followed by reward. Frustration counterconditioning reduces avoidance and enhances approach, inducing behavioral persistence that transfers across situations inducing frustration—a mechanism yielding transsituational transfer. In Experiment 1, Phase 1 involved runway training under continuous vs. partial food reinforcement, whereas Phase 2 involved exposure to a fixed-time 60-s schedule of intermittent food reinforcement with free access to a wheel. Counterconditioning of goal approach in Phase 1 led only to a modest increase in wheel running in Phase 2. In Experiment 2, Phase 1 involved groups exposed to either intermittent reinforcement or massed-food control, both with access to a wheel, followed in Phase 2 by runway training under continuous reinforcement and extinction. No support was found for a transfer effect. The results are discussed in relation to accounts of adjunctive behavior based on Amsel’s frustration theory and Killeen-Pellón’s reinforcement theory of adjunctive behavior.
- Published
- 2018
37. Colamus humanitatem: Nurturing human nature
- Author
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Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
emociones ,cognición ,epigénesis ,visión de nosotros-versus-ellos ,crisis ambiental. ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
En un ensayo sobre la ira, el antiguo filósofo Séneca advierte lo inútil que es albergar emociones negativas, dada la inminencia de la muerte, condición que, en últimas, nos hace iguales como humanos. Los antiguos filósofos, creían que las emociones estaban basadas en cogniciones y que por eso eran modificables a través de ejercicios espirituales. Las investigaciones actuales demuestran que los aspectos cognitivos y emocionales de la sicología humana son maleables (crianza), pero que también requieren expresión genética (naturaleza). Un paralelo entre el comportamiento individual y las fuerzas sociopolíticas sugiere un marco para la crisis ambiental actual, otro “ecualizador” humano. Dos preguntas críticas surgen: ¿Es suficiente la experiencia acumulada de los dos últimos siglos para conseguir medidas correctivas que puedan impedir la degradación ambiental? o ¿es necesario que ocurra un evento catastrófico de degradación ambiental significativa a largo plazo para que las medidas correctivas puedan alcanzar consenso en el nivel socio-político?
- Published
- 2009
38. Introduction to the Special Issue
- Author
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Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2009
39. Un análisis de los efectos ansiolíticos del etanol sobre el contraste negativo sucesivo consumatorio
- Author
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Giselle V. Kamenetzky, Alba E. Mustaca, and Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
disminución del incentivo ,etanol ,contraste sucesivo negativo consumatorio ,ratas ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Las propiedades ansiolíticas del etanol (1 g/kg, dosis de 15% intraperitoneal) fueron estudiadas en dos experimentos con ratas que fueron expuestas a una disminución sorpresiva del incentivo, una solución azucarada, del 32% al 4%. En el Experimento 1, la administración del alcohol antes del cambio negativo de 32% a 4% previno el desarrollo de la supresión consumatoria (contraste sucesivo negativo consumatorio, CSNc). En el experimento 2, el etanol previno los efectos atenuantes del reforzamiento parcial (consistente en una secuencia aleatoria de solución azucarada al 32% o agua sin azúcar) sobre el CSNc, causando un retardo en la recuperación del contraste. Estos efectos del etanol sobre el CSNc son análogos a aquellos descritos para la benzodiazepina ansiolítica clordiazepóxido, sugiriendo que al menos sus efectos ansiolíticos están mediados por el mismo mecanismo.
- Published
- 2009
40. When loss hurts: Psychobiological basis of frustration
- Author
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Loida E. Morillo-Rivero, Mauricio R. Papini, and Carmen Torres Bares
- Subjects
Incentive ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological pain ,Frustration ,Scientific literature ,Construct (philosophy) ,Psychology ,Scientific study ,General Psychology ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common ,Variety (cybernetics) - Abstract
Frustration or psychological pain refers to a negative emotional experience derived from unexpected incentive loss. The scientific study of frustration with non-human animals is abundant and consistent, whereas human research on this topic seems to be more fragmentary because of the variety of conceptual, theoretical and experimental approaches. The main aim of this paper was to conduct a narrative review of the scientific literature about the psychological construct of frustration. With this goal in mind, we first described the consummatory successive negative contrast, a widely used animal model of psychological pain and frustration. We also conducted a systematic search of experimental studies aimed at inducing frustration in humans, reviewed studies focused on analyzing the relationship between physical and psychological pain, and selected experiments involving the manipulation (omission, devaluation) of social stimuli. A discussion of the implications of the results for basic and clinical research was finally included, with an especial emphasis in the current COVID-19 pandemic, a worldwide experience of incentive loss with relevant psychological consequences. © 2021, Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2021
41. Reinforcing properties of alcohol in rats: Progressive ratio licking performance reinforced with 66% alcohol
- Author
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Mauricio R. Papini, Julia L. Peterman, Shannon E. Conrad, and Joanna B. Thompson
- Subjects
Self Administration ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Alcohol ,Positive Reinforcer ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,SB-334867 ,Animal science ,Animals ,Learning ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Rats, Wistar ,Behavior, Animal ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Antagonist ,Rats ,chemistry ,High alcohol ,Conditioning, Operant ,Progressive ratio ,Licking ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Rodents are generally reluctant to consume high concentrations of alcohol. However, few experiments have reported the behavior of rats when they are given access to high alcohol concentrations. Four experiments with food-deprived Wistar rats were designed to determine whether 66% alcohol could be used as a positive reinforcer for operant responses. In Experiment 1, animals learned to lick an empty sipper to gain access to 66% alcohol in a second tube; licking extinguished after it if provided a only access to water (operant licking task, OL). Experiment 2 used the OL task combined with a progressive ratio (PR) schedule in a within-subject design with the order of alcohol concentrations counterbalanced across subjects. The breakpoint (the last completed ratio in the PR schedule) was higher for 10% and 66% alcohol concentrations than for water. In Experiment 3, animals trained in the same PR task gained access to water, 10%, or 66% alcohol in a between-subject design. Breakpoints were higher for 66% alcohol than for water, but not for 10% alcohol relative to water. Experiment 4 tested the effects of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334,867 on licking reinforced with access to 66% alcohol in the PR task. The antagonist reduced the breakpoint at 1- and 5-mg/kg doses, but not at 10 mg/kg. These results suggest that 66% alcohol can be used to reinforce operant behavior. Although the effects were modest, they were reliable. The estimated amount of alcohol consumed in the OL task suggests that these reinforcing effects were not dependent on the pharmacological effects of 66% alcohol, but could perhaps reflect a sensation-seeking effect.
- Published
- 2021
42. Telencephalic neural activation following passive avoidance learning in a terrestrial toad
- Author
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M. Florencia Daneri, Mauricio R. Papini, Rubén N. Muzio, and Martin Miguel Puddington
- Subjects
Male ,Telencephalon ,0301 basic medicine ,Toad ,Extinction, Psychological ,CIENCIAS SOCIALES ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,biology.animal ,Avoidance Learning ,Reaction Time ,Animals ,Saline Solution, Hypertonic ,TELENCEPHALON ,STRIATUM ,biology ,Otras Psicología ,Antigens, Nuclear ,Psicología ,AMYGDALA ,030104 developmental biology ,AGNOR TECHNIQUE ,Anura ,Passive avoidance ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,TOADS ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,PASSIVE AVOIDANCE LEARNING - Abstract
The present study explores passive avoidance learning and its neural basis in toads (Rhinella arenarum). In Experiment 1, two groups of toads learned to move from a lighted compartment into a dark compartment. After responding, animals in the experimental condition were exposed to an 800-mM strongly hypertonic NaCl solution that leads to weight loss. Control animals received exposure to a 300-mM slightly hypertonic NaCl solution that leads to neither weight gain nor loss. After 10 daily acquisition trials, animals in the experimental group showed significantly longer latency to enter the dark compartment. Additionally, 10 daily trials in which both groups received the 300-mM NaCl solution after responding eliminated this group effect. Thus, experimental animals showed gradual acquisition and extinction of a passive avoidance respond. Experiment 2 replicated the gradual acquisition effect, but, after the last trial, animals were sacrificed and neural activation was assessed in five brain regions using AgNOR staining for nucleoli?an index of brain activity. Higher activation in the experimental animals, relative to controls, was observed in the amygdala and striatum. Group differences in two other regions, lateral pallium and septum, were borderline, but nonsignificant, whereas group differences in the medial pallium were nonsignificant.These preliminary results suggest that a striatal-amygdala activation could be a key component of the brain circuit controlling passive avoidance learning in amphibians. The results are discussed in relationto the results of analogous experiments with other vertebrates. Fil: Puddington, Martin Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina Fil: Daneri, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina Fil: Papini, Mauricio Roberto. Texas Christian University; Estados Unidos Fil: Muzio, Ruben Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina
- Published
- 2016
43. Frustrative nonreward: Chemogenetic inactivation of the central amygdala abolishes the effect of reward downshift without affecting alcohol intake
- Author
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Mauricio R. Papini, Shannon E. Conrad, and Sara Guarino
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sucrose ,Alcohol Drinking ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Alcohol ,Amygdala ,Frustration ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reward ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In vehicle ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Rats, Wistar ,Clozapine ,Ethanol ,05 social sciences ,Central Amygdaloid Nucleus ,Negative contrast ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Alcohol intake ,Female ,Neuroscience ,Alcohol consumption ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The role of the central amygdala (CeA) in the adjustment to a 32-to-2% sucrose downshift in the consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC) task and in a free-choice 10% alcohol-water preference task (PT) was studied using chemogenetic inactivation. cSNC is a model of frustrative nonreward that enhances alcohol consumption. In Experiment 1, sessions 1–10 involved 5-min access to 32% sucrose and sessions 11–12 involved access to 2% sucrose. Vehicle or clozapine N-oxide (CNO; 1 or 3 mg/kg, ip), used later to activate the inhibitory designer receptor, was administered 30 min before sessions 11–12. There was no evidence that CNO affected consummatory behavior after the sucrose downshift. In Experiment 2, all animals received an infusion of the inhibitory designer receptor hM4D(Gi) into the CeA. After recovery, animals received access to either 32% or 2% sucrose on sessions 1–10, followed by 2% sucrose on sessions 11–12. Immediately after each 5-min sucrose session, animals received a 2-bottle, 1-h PT with 10% alcohol and water. CNO (3 mg/kg, ip) or vehicle was administered 30 min before sessions 11–12. CeA inactivation prior to sucrose downshift eliminated the cSNC effect, which was observed in vehicle controls. However, there was no evidence that CeA inactivation affected preference for 10% alcohol over water. These results support the hypothesis that CeA activity is critical for cSNC effect, an outcome consistent with the view that the amygdala plays a central role in frustrative nonreward.
- Published
- 2019
44. The PDS 110 observing campaign - photometric and spectroscopic observations reveal eclipses are aperiodic
- Author
-
M. Banfi, Simona Ciceri, C. Kotnik, S. Vanaverbeke, Matthias Mallonn, Christopher A. Watson, John Briol, H. Boussier, Joseph E. Rodriguez, P. Lewin, S. P. Littlefair, Elizabeth O. Waagen, D. W. Latham, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Alexander Scholz, F. Dubois, Edward Gomez, Richard Wilson, Gabriel Murawski, R. Papini, T. Killestein, Mike Calkins, Rafael Sfair, H. Relles, Matthew R. Burleigh, E. Dose, R. Jayawardhana, U. Quadri, G. Zhou, Peter J. Wheatley, C. Lopresti, M. Hippke, E. J. W. de Mooij, S. Kafka, Richard G. West, Jeff W. Robertson, Grant M. Kennedy, S. Dvorak, G. Myers, Liam Raynard, V. S. Dhillon, Daniel F. Evans, L. Rizzuti, P. Benni, Alessandro Marchini, J. McCormac, Maximilian N. Günther, S. N. Quinn, Timothy Butterley, K. Hills, Luigi Mancini, S. M. Brincat, Alexis M. S. Smith, L. Barbieri, R. James, Perry Berlind, I. S. Becker, Allyson Bieryla, M. Deldem, S. Ferratfiat, John Southworth, Velimir A. Popov, P. Chote, F.-J. Hambsch, E. Herrero, Othon C. Winter, S. J. Fossey, G. Bonnoli, D. Lemay, J. Hall, F. Salvaggio, Hugh P. Osborn, Gil Esquerdo, Thiam-Guan Tan, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7326, Leiden University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Warwick, Las Cumbres Observatory, Dublin City University, Sonneberg Observatory, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Acton Sky Portal (Private observatory), University of Siena, University of Leicester, University of Durham, Alba Nova University Center, University of Sheffield, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, AstroLAB IRIS, Keele University, UCL Observatory (UCLO), University College London, Cavendish Laboratory, Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), York University, American Association of Variable Star Observers, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Königstuhl 17, INAF - Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, Medical University of Bialystok, Shumen University, Arkansas Tech University, Astronomy, German Aerospace Center, Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope (PEST), Queen's University Belfast, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
- Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences ,Protoplanetary discs ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Photometry (optics) ,Her-big Ae/Be ,Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica ,0103 physical sciences ,QB Astronomy ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,QC ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,QB ,Physics ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,stars: variables: T Tauri ,[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,protoplanetary discs ,stars: individual:PDS 110 ,stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be ,Herbig Ae/Be ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,3rd-DAS ,Radial velocity ,QC Physics ,protoplanetary discs – stars: individual:PDS 110 – stars: variables: T Tauri ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Aperiodic graph ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,variables: T Tauri [Stars] ,Periodic orbits ,protoplanetary discs – stars: individual:PDS 110 – stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be ,individual:PDS 110 [Stars] ,variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be [Stars] ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
PDS 110 is a young disk-hosting star in the Orion OB1A association. Two dimming events of similar depth and duration were seen in 2008 (WASP) and 2011 (KELT), consistent with an object in a closed periodic orbit. In this paper we present data from a ground-based observing campaign designed to measure the star both photometrically and spectroscopically during the time of predicted eclipse in September 2017. Despite high-quality photometry, the predicted eclipse did not occur, although coherent structure is present suggesting variable amounts of stellar flux or dust obscuration. We also searched for RV oscillations caused by any hypothetical companion and can rule out close binaries to 0.1 $M_\odot$. A search of Sonneberg plate archive data also enabled us to extend the photometric baseline of this star back more than 50 years, and similarly does not re-detect any deep eclipses. Taken together, they suggest that the eclipses seen in WASP and KELT photometry were due to aperiodic events. It would seem that PDS 110 undergoes stochastic dimmings that are shallower and shorter-duration than those of UX Ori variables, but may have a similar mechanism., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS; 12 pages, 7 figures; Supplementary photometric data in zipped latex source as all_photometry.csv
- Published
- 2019
45. Avian Emotions: Comparative Perspectives on Fear and Frustration
- Author
-
Mauricio R. Papini, Julio C. Penagos-Corzo, and Andrés M. Pérez-Acosta
- Subjects
Response suppression ,Conflict ,frustration ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotion classification ,conflict ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,Frustration ,emotion ,Review ,050105 experimental psychology ,Birds ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Psychology ,comparative psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Emotional expression ,Valence (psychology) ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Emotion ,Comparative psychology ,Aggression ,response suppression ,05 social sciences ,aggression ,Fear ,lcsh:Psychology ,birds ,Brain size ,fear ,Wakefulness ,medicine.symptom ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Emotions are complex reactions that allow individuals to cope with significant positive and negative events. Research on emotion was pioneered by Darwin's work on emotional expressions in humans and animals. But Darwin was concerned mainly with facial and bodily expressions of significance for humans, citing mainly examples from mammals (e.g., apes, dogs, and cats). In birds, emotional expressions are less evident for a human observer, so a different approach is needed. Understanding avian emotions will provide key evolutionary information on the evolution of related behaviors and brain circuitry. Birds and mammals are thought to have evolved from different groups of Mesozoic reptiles, theropod dinosaurs and therapsids, respectively, and therefore, their common ancestor is likely to be a basal reptile living about 300 million years ago, during the Carboniferous or Permian period. Yet, birds and mammals exhibit extensive convergence in terms of relative brain size, high levels of activity, sleep/wakefulness cycles, endothermy, and social behavior, among others. This article focuses on two basic emotions with negative valence: fear and frustration. Fear is related to the anticipation of dangerous or threatening stimuli (e.g., predators or aggressive conspecifics). Frustration is related to unexpected reward omissions or devaluations (e.g., loss of food or sexual resources). These results have implications for an understanding of the conditions that promote fear and frustration and for the evolution of supporting brain circuitry. © 2019 Papini, Penagos-Corzo and Pérez-Acosta.
- Published
- 2019
46. Consummatory Successive Negative Contrast in Rats
- Author
-
Mauricio R. Papini, Ana Vázquez-Ágredos, Leandro Ruiz-Leyva, Ignacio Morón, Cruz Miguel Cendán, Ana María Jiménez-García, and Carmen Torres
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Hypoalgesia ,Strategy and Management ,Mechanical Engineering ,Addiction ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Metals and Alloys ,Audiology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Negative contrast ,Animal model ,Sucrose solution ,Methods Article ,medicine ,media_common - Abstract
Using animal models in addiction and pain research is pivotal to unravel new pathways and mechanisms for the treatment of these disorders. Reward devaluation through a consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC) task has shown the ability to reduce physical pain sensitivity (hypoalgesia) and increase oral ethanol consumption in rats. The procedure is based on exposing the experimental animals to a 32% sucrose solution during several sessions (preshift sessions) followed by a devaluation to 4% sucrose during the next few sessions (postshift sessions). The cSNC effect can be monitored by comparing the experimental group to an unshifted control that had access to 4% sucrose throughout the entire experiment (preshift and postshift sessions). The cSNC phenomenon is defined by lower consumption of sucrose in the downshifted group than in the unshifted group during postshfit sessions.
- Published
- 2019
47. Lateral habenula lesions disrupt appetitive extinction, but do not affect voluntary alcohol consumption
- Author
-
Santos Blanco, Mauricio R. Papini, Alvaro Villatoro, Carmen Torres, Rocío Donaire, Fernando Gámiz, and Ignacio Morón
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Alcohol Drinking ,Appetite ,Alcohol ,Affect (psychology) ,Extinction, Psychological ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurochemical ,Medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Lateral habenula ,Appetitive Behavior ,Habenula ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Extinction (psychology) ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Turnover ,Anesthesia ,business ,Alcohol consumption ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Quinolinic acid - Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of LHb lesions on appetitive extinction and alcohol consumption. Eighteen male Wistar rats received neurochemical lesions of the LHb (quinolinic acid) and 12 received a vehicle infusion (PBS). In a runway instrumental task, rats received acquisition (12 pellets/trial, 6 trials/session, 10 sessions) and extinction training (5 sessions). In a consummatory task, rats had daily access to 32% sucrose (5 min, 10 sessions) followed by access to water (5 sessions). Then, animals received 2 h preference tests with escalating alcohol concentrations (2%–24%), followed by two 24 h preference tests with 24% alcohol. Relative to Shams, LHb lesions delayed extinction, as indicated by lower response latencies (instrumental task) and higher fluid consumption (consummatory task). LHb lesions did not affect alcohol consumption regardless of alcohol concentration or test duration. The LHb modulates appetitive extinction and needs to be considered as part of the brain circuit underlying reward loss.
- Published
- 2018
48. Recovery profiles from reward downshift are correlated with operant licking maintained by alcohol, but not with genetic variation in the mu opioid receptor
- Author
-
Brenda G. Rushing, Joanna B. Thompson, Alan M. Daniel, and Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,medicine.drug_class ,Receptors, Opioid, mu ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Alcohol ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Open field ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reward ,Opioid receptor ,Internal medicine ,Genetic variation ,medicine ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Ethanol ,05 social sciences ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,Alcohol intake ,Progressive ratio ,μ-opioid receptor ,Licking ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
After ten 5-min sessions of access to 32% sucrose, a reward downshift (RD) to 2% sucrose induces a transient rejection of the reward. Animals were segregated according to the speed of recovery from RD into Fast-recovery and Slow-recovery subgroups. Animals were subsequently trained in an operant licking (OL) task in which licking at an empty tube provided 10 s of access to a second tube containing 66% alcohol. Licking on the first tube was subjected to a progressive ratio (PR) schedule with a step of 4 licks. Fast-recovery animals (both males and females) licked to a higher ratio than Slow-recovery animals. Animals were also exposed to a well-lit open field (OF) for 20 min. Fast- and Slow-recovery males and females exhibited equal levels of activity in the OF. Tissue samples from tails were assessed for two well-known allelic variations of the human opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, known to affect mu opioid sensitivity: The C17T and A118G single nucleotide polymorphisms. There was no evidence of a relationship between genotype and behavior, suggesting that these genetic mechanisms in humans do not account for the individual differences in recovery from RD and OL for alcohol in rats.
- Published
- 2021
49. Shifts in intertrial interval duration in autoshaping with rats: Implications for path dependence
- Author
-
Brian Thomas and Mauricio R. Papini
- Subjects
Lever ,Health (social science) ,business.product_category ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,05 social sciences ,Training (meteorology) ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Context (language use) ,Tracking (particle physics) ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interval (music) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Duration (music) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Shaping ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,business ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology ,Sign (mathematics) - Abstract
Rats exposed to spaced (S) conditions of training, with intertrial intervals (ITIs) averaging 90 s, acquired autoshaping performance (contact with a retractable lever presented 10 s before the response-independent delivery of 5 food pellets) faster than rats exposed to massed (M) training, with ITIs averaging 15 s. Gradual or abrupt transitions between S and M training were followed by concomitant gradual and abrupt changes in behavior. However, S-to-M and M-to-S transitions supported different levels of adjustment. S-to-M transitions were generally less open to competition between sign and goal tracking than M-to-S transitions. These results suggest that responses that become dominant early in training regulate terminal performance after extensive training. Thus, initial massed training promotes strong goal tracking that interferes with sign tracking even under conditions that would otherwise promote sign tracking. By contrast, initial spaced training tends to promote sign tracking that can interfere with goal tracking even when ITI duration favors goal tracking. These results are discussed in the context of the theoretical issue of path dependence. Their implications for learning theory and their potential applicability to the nature of sign and goal tracking endophenotypes in relation to substance use disorders are briefly discussed.
- Published
- 2020
50. Surprising nonreward and response effort: Extinction after progressive-ratio training in rats and pigeons
- Author
-
Sara Guarino, Mauricio R. Papini, and Shannon E. Conrad
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,education ,05 social sciences ,Within person ,Training (meteorology) ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Context (language use) ,social sciences ,Extinction (psychology) ,humanities ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Animal science ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Progressive ratio ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Rats and pigeons exhibit different extinction profiles after instrumental acquisition with large vs. small rewards. In rats, extinction is faster after large-reward training, but in pigeons, extinction is faster after small-reward training. Two experiments extended these findings to a progressive-ratio schedule with acquisition training with two reward magnitudes administered either between or within subjects. Both rats and pigeons, under both between- and within-subject conditions, exhibited higher breakpoints (the last completed ratio) when responding for 5 pellets per ratio vs. 1 pellet per ratio. However, between-subject training yielded faster extinction after training with 5 pellets than 1 pellet for rats, but the opposite trend for pigeons. Extinction effects were eliminated in within-subject training for rats, but remained unchanged for pigeons. These results are discussed in the context of frustration theory and the strengthening/weakening principle of learning.
- Published
- 2020
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