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1. 'Success' in Indigenous Higher Education Policy in the Northern Territory, Australia: Reclaiming Purpose for Power

Author: C. Street, J. Guenther, J. A. Smith, K. Robertson, W. Ludwig, S. Motlap, T. Woodroffe, R. Ober, K. Gillan, S. Larkin, V. Shannon, E. Maypilama, and R. Wallace
Abstract: The concept of policy 'success' has been subject to much contestation. In the Indigenous higher education setting, Indigenous (and non-Indigenous) scholars have brought attention to the relevance of experiential knowledge to understanding the effects of power and race on policy, including how success is theorised. This paper aims to interrogate the notion of policy success by exploring how Indigenous users of higher education policy in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia, conceive the term 'success'. We conducted semi-structured interviews with twelve (n = 12) Indigenous people with expertise in NT Indigenous higher education policy. Our findings highlight that while some of our participant's conceptions of policy success align to those within current policy frameworks, there are also differences due to power and race relations. We reflect on the impact on policy outcomes, and discuss how a critical understanding of such relations can advance Indigenous higher education policy in the NT.
Published: 2024
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2. Negotiating Indigenous higher education policy analysis at the cultural interface in the Northern Territory, Australia

Author: C. Street, K. Robertson, J. Smith, J. Guenther, S. Larkin, S. Motlap, W. Ludwig, T. Woodroffe, K. Gillan, R. Ober, V. Shannon, and E. Maypilama
Subjects: Education
Published: 2022
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3. Current practices and challenges in implementing precision medicine for upper gastrointestinal cancers in European academic centers: an EORTC survey

Author: M. Alsina, A.E. Huerta, F. Lordick, S. Verschueren, M. Moehler, E. Fontana, E. Smyth, F. Sclafani, A.D. Wagner, L. Rimassa, A. Lamarca, C. Neuzillet, and R. Obermannová
Subjects: precision oncology, liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing, matched targeted therapies, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Background: Precision oncology is gaining momentum in managing patients with gastrointestinal cancers. This study examines the implementation of personalized medicine technologies in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) oncology across European academic centers. Material and methods: Forty-five oncology specialists from 41 European institutions completed a survey designed by the Personalized Medicine Task Force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Working Group, providing insights into molecular testing, timing, availability of targeted therapies, funding sources, and utilization of molecular tumor boards (MTBs) for patients with UGI cancers. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Routine testing for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, 100%), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, 89%), and DNA mismatch repair (MMR, 91%) is implemented in most centers. Comprehensive gene panels on tumor tissue are frequently utilized, especially in biliary tract cancer, with almost all centers incorporating them into routine practice. Blood-based sequencing is increasingly employed, and half of centers carry out comprehensive gene panels for circulating tumor DNA analyses. MTBs are regularly held in 76% of centers, predominantly utilizing ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT)-based recommendations for tissue molecular alterations. The translation of genomic information into prescribed treatments remains limited, however, with the majority of centers reporting ∼25% of molecularly stratified treatment decisions following comprehensive genetic testing. Conclusion: This survey provides important insights into current personalized medicine practice in European academic clinical centers for UGI oncology. Despite widespread adoption of molecular testing and implementation of MTBs, further efforts are needed to optimize the integration of personalized medicine into clinical practice.
Published: 2024
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4. Argon Laser Photocoagulation For Macular Edema In Branch Vein Occlusion

Author: John G. Clarkson, J. Donald M. Gass, Victor T. Curtin, Edward W.D. Norton, George W. Blankenship, Harry W. Flynn, Marilyn Mulé, Kathy Leyden, Ivy Guice, James Liang, Kenneth R. Diddie, Stephen J. Rvan, Ronald E. Smith, Richard R. Ober, Frances Walonker, Nancy Borkowski, Clement L. Trempe, Charles L. Schepens, H. MacKenzie Freeman, J. Wallace McMeel, Sherrill F. Anderson, Lynda Lane, David H. Orth, Timothy P. Flood, Charles M. Vygantas, Linda June-Arredondo, Roberta Martia, Morton F. Goldberg, Mark O.M. T'so, Teri Fitzgerald, Daniel Finkelstein, Arnall Patz, Stuart Fine, Thomas Rice, Dolores Rytel, John Clarkson, David Orth, Clement Trempe, Allyn W. Kimball, Israel Goldberg, James S. Kelley, Amall Patz, Ronald E. Carr, Everett F. Goldberg, Allan D. Jensen, Curtis Meinert, Frederick Ferris, Argye Hillis, Michele Melia, Lucy Mead, Darcy Massof, Chestina H. Marquart, and Janet Bowman
Subjects: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Laser Coagulation, Visual Acuity, Middle Aged, Macular Edema, Vitreous Hemorrhage, Ophthalmology, Retinal Vein Occlusion, Humans, Corneal Neovascularization, Female, Argon, Aged
Abstract: The Branch Vein Occlusion Study is a multi-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial designed to answer several questions regarding the management of complications of branch vein occlusion. This report discusses the question, "Is argon laser photocoagulation useful in improving visual acuity in eyes with branch vein occlusion and macular edema reducing vision to 20/40 or worse?" One hundred thirty-nine eligible eyes were assigned randomly to either a treated or an untreated control group. Comparing treated patients to control patients (mean follow-up 3.1 years for all study eyes), the gain of at least two lines of visual acuity from baseline maintained for two consecutive visits was significantly greater in treated eyes (P = .00049, logrank test). Because of this improvement in visual acuity with argon laser photocoagulation of macular edema from branch vein occlusion, we recommend laser photocoagulation for patients with macular edema associated with branch vein occlusion who meet the eligibility criteria of this study.
Published: 2018
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5. A patient`s trajectory with autism spectrum disorder leading to forensic psychiatric institutionalisation

Author: J. A. Déri, A. Dvorak, and R. Oberndorfer
Subjects: Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Introduction Autism-spectrum-disorder (ASD) is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental condition with a wide range of symptoms. Typical deficits, such as impairment in social communication and interactions, can lead to violent behaviours. However, ASD is often underdiagnosed and little is known about patients with ASD in forensic institutions. Objectives To highlight the diagnostic challenges and offending behaviour of people with ASD in the context of the criminal justice system (CJS) through a case report. Methods The case report is based on exploration, third party anamnesis, medical documentations and court files Results A 25-year-old man was placed in detention in 2021 after having committed a dangerous threat to unknown persons and was considered not guilty by reason of insanity. Since early childhood the patient presented with extreme mood swings and impulsive-aggressive outbursts that led to criminal mischief later on. During elementary school he developed concentration problems as well as specific learning deficits. Due to his deviant social behaviour, he was rejected from his peer group. Over the course of the years, he showed no significant responses to different psychopharmacological treatment approaches. His social anxiety grew and ultimately, he started experimenting with various drugs and drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, which induced multiple psychotic episodes. Due to the psychotic exacerbations, he was repeatedly admitted to psychiatric units for acute treatment, however the autistic disorder remained untreated. At the time of the crime an independent psychiatric assessor diagnosed schizophrenia simplex and multiple drug abuse. The patient had been in psychiatric treatment since the age of 5 and received multiple diagnoses such as combined personality disorder, different subtypes of schizophrenia, ADHD, Tourette syndrome, depressive disorder and ASD at the age of 14. Nevertheless, prior to his detention he had never received a complex therapy focusing on his ASD. According to the verdict he was admitted to a medium secure forensic ward in Lower Austria, where he was treated with antipsychotic and anxiolytic medication. Furthermore, he participated in the day-structuring treatment program ensuring routine. Conclusions Neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD often impose a diagnostic challenge, particularly without intellectual disability. This can lead to under- and misdiagnosis, inadequate treatment or even criminal behaviour. Impaired theory of mind, poor emotional regulation and problems with moral reasoning should be recognized and treated specifically early on to prevent further damage to both the individual and society. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Published: 2024
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6. A wind of change in upper gastrointestinal cancers: updates from ESMO 2023

Author: A. Cammarota, A.R. Siebenhüner, M.A. Maqueda, T. Fleitas-Kanonnikoff, H. van Laarhoven, C. de la Fouchardière, R. Obermannova, M. Moehler, and E.C. Smyth
Subjects: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2024
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7. Preserving the Past as Society Evolves

Author: Greggrey G. Cohen, Eric R. Ober, and Robert P. Antes
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, business
Abstract: In urban environments, historic and significant structures are often altered or adapted multiple times for new uses to meet the needs of society. These modifications may occur years apart over the life of the structure, resulting in a combination of different materials and structural systems. Modern-day designers need to fully understand not only the original archaic construction but also the changes imposed during the prior modifications. Drawings for the original building, and subsequent modifications, oftentimes are lacking or incomplete and an investigation is needed to identify the configuration of the existing structure and the various material properties. When considering restoration and strengthening, the information obtained from a well-planned investigation and evaluation can maximize retention of the historic fabric of the structure.In this paper/presentation we discuss the importance of performing an investigation prior to modifying the existing structure, the components of an investigation for historic or significant structures, and the challenges that can arise during the investigation process.
Published: 2019
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8. Gender Gap Trends on Mathematics Exams Position Girls and Young Women for STEM Careers

Author: John A. Beekman and David R. Ober
Subjects: No child left behind, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), education, Ethnic group, computer.software_genre, behavioral disciplines and activities, Education, Test (assessment), Trend analysis, Mathematics (miscellaneous), History and Philosophy of Science, Scale (social sciences), Educational assessment, Mathematics education, Gender gap, Psychology, Engineering (miscellaneous), Socioeconomic status, computer
Abstract: Nine years of results on 4.2 million of Indiana's Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress (ISTEP) mathematics (math) exams (grades 3–10) taken after the implementation of No Child Left Behind have been used to determine gender gaps and their associated trends. Sociocultural factors were investigated by comparing math gender gaps and gap trends for (a) state public schools, (b) state nonpublic schools, (c) a low-performing metropolitan school, and (d) a high-performing suburban school. To control for changing sociocultural factors, multiregression analyses were conducted to predict grade-level (3–10) gender gaps and math scale scores using socioeconomic and ethnicity variables. The underrepresentation of females in earning advanced STEM degrees was investigated by determining the gender of the highest performer on the ISTEP math exams in grades 3–10 for each of state's 292 school corporations. Boys' percentages were higher across all grades by about a 2:1 ratio, similar to high-end results on Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) math exams. Simulations of distributions for d = .27 and variance ratio = 1.13 fitted 2013 college-bound SAT math empirical data. Results of the analyses of the state's ISTEP math exam data and the 2013 SAT math scores of college-bound seniors support the arguments that girls and young women possess the abilities to pursue STEM careers that require advanced mathematical skills.
Published: 2015
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9. Immune cell dynamics deconvoluted by single-cell RNA sequencing in normothermic machine perfusion of the liver

Author: T. Hautz, S. Salcher, M. Fodor, G. Sturm, S. Ebner, A. Mair, M. Trebo, G. Untergasser, S. Sopper, B. Cardini, A. Martowicz, J. Hofmann, S. Daum, M. Kalb, T. Resch, F. Krendl, A. Weissenbacher, G. Otarashvili, P. Obrist, B. Zelger, D. Öfner, Z. Trajanoski, J. Troppmair, R. Oberhuber, A. Pircher, D. Wolf, and S. Schneeberger
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has emerged as an innovative organ preservation technique. Developing an understanding for the donor organ immune cell composition and its dynamic changes during NMP is essential. We aimed for a comprehensive characterization of immune cell (sub)populations, cell trafficking and cytokine release during liver NMP. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of human donor livers prior to, during NMP and after transplantation shows an abundance of CXC chemokine receptor 1+/2+ (CXCR1+/CXCR2+) neutrophils, which significantly decreased during NMP. This is paralleled by a large efflux of passenger leukocytes with neutrophil predominance in the perfusate. During NMP, neutrophils shift from a pro-inflammatory state towards an aged/chronically activated/exhausted phenotype, while anti-inflammatory/tolerogenic monocytes/macrophages are increased. We herein describe the dynamics of the immune cell repertoire, phenotypic immune cell shifts and a dominance of neutrophils during liver NMP, which potentially contribute to the inflammatory response. Our findings may serve as resource to initiate future immune-interventional studies.
Published: 2023
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10. Actuarial Implications from Pre-kindergarten Education

Author: David R. Ober and John A. Beekman
Subjects: Gerontology, Pension, Actuarial science, Earnings, Poverty, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, Educational attainment, Quality of life, Life insurance, 0502 economics and business, 050207 economics, Psychology, 0503 education, Socioeconomic status, Graduation
Abstract: Great progress has been made in providing pre-kindergarten (pre-K) public education throughout the United States. The percentages of 3- and 4-year-olds enrolled nationally have grown from 3% to 5% and 14% to 29%, respectively, between 2002 and 2015. By 2015, 42 states and the District of Columbia were in varying stages of offering pre-K programs (0.9% to 74.2% for totals of 3- and 4-year-olds); eight states were in stages of implementation. We will provide approximate answers to four questions. The first two are how does pre-K education affect female and male life expectancies? The other two are how does pre-K education affect expected years of life dependency in health and in lifetime earnings? The methodology used to help answer these questions consisted of using actuarial/demographic tables over the years 1990 to 2040. It will be shown that upper limits to estimated increases in male and female life expectancy that can be attributed to pre-K education are 2.47 and 1.67 years, respectively. Moderate estimates to the decreases in expected years of health dependency for 65-year old males and females that benefit from pre-K education are 1.47 and 4.71 years, respectively. We will document that people with pre-K education will have higher high school graduation rates, lower crime rates, higher employment rates, and higher wages than those without pre-K education; these four improved rates will lead to improved life expectancies and diminished years of health dependency. These results have actuarial implications for life insurance, long-term health insurance, and pension premium calculations.
Published: 2016
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11. Analyzing Four-Year Public University and Two-Year College Graduation Rates

Author: David R. Ober, Rebecca L. Pierce, and John A. Beekman
Subjects: Mathematical relationship, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, Regression analysis, Academic achievement, 0502 economics and business, Cohort, Public university, Statistical analysis, 050207 economics, Psychology, 0503 education, Demography, Cohort study, Graduation
Abstract: This paper examines the graduation rates between 2000 and 2015 of United States colleges and universities at the national, state, and institutional levels. This research focuses on two-year and four-year programs. Rates are investigated longitudinally along with variables that distinguish between public/private institutions, percentages of full-time and part-time enrollments, a variety of completion times, and levels of academic achievement at entry that include SAT scores and high school GPAs. The paper uses a logistic growth function that has been used by other researchers to model four-, five-, and six-year graduation rates of individuals and selected cohort groups; graduation rate trajectories for students of differing academic achievement backgrounds are projected into the future to demonstrate maximum graduation rates expected for entering cohorts. Included is the analysis of national, state, and institutional graduation-rate results in four-year institutions of the 50 states; examples from 14 public colleges and universities in Indiana and several surrounding states are also considered. In addition to fitting their graduation rates to the logistic function and extracting associated growth variables, we use percentages of part-time students to predict two- and four-year graduation rates at the national, state, and institutional levels in the 50 states. The analysis examined the graduation rates between 2000 and 2015 of United States colleges and universities and showed no correlation between a state’s two-year and four-year cohort graduation rates; verified an inverse mathematical relationship between graduation rates and percentage of part-time students; confirmed that for median SAT scores of 800 or lower one expects very low on-time graduation rates.
Published: 2018
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12. Confinement of a hydrophilic polymer in membrane lyotropic phases

Author: Amir Maldonado, R. López-Esparza, Wladimir Urbach, R. Ober, Eduardo Larios-Rodríguez, and M.A. Guedeau-Boudeville
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Bilayer, Polyethylene glycol, Polymer, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Membrane, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Pulmonary surfactant, PEG ratio, Polymer chemistry, Lyotropic
Abstract: We study the confinement of a hydrophilic polymer (polyethylene glycol or PEG) between the bilayers of the zwitterionic surfactant tetradecyldimethyl aminoxide (C 14 DMAO). Small angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy experiments show that the polymer modifies the physical properties of the lyotropic smectic (L α ) phase. The observed effects are similar to those reported for anchored hydrophobically-modified polymers, indicating a strong interaction between PEG and the C 14 DMAO bilayers. Self-diffusion experiments performed in the lyotropic sponge (L 3 ) phase show that the polymer adsorbs onto the surfactant membranes. This adsorption explains earlier observations: high polymer concentrations decrease the Gaussian rigidity of the membranes and a vesicular phase is stabilized.
Published: 2009
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13. Effect of a neutral water-soluble polymer on the lamellar phase of a zwitterionic surfactant system

Author: R. López-Esparza, Amir Maldonado, R. Ober, Thaddée Gulik-Krzywicki, Wladimir Urbach, and Claudine E. Williams
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Ternary numeral system, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Dispersity, Polymer, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Lamellar phase, Pulmonary surfactant, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Lamellar structure, Hexanol
Abstract: We have studied the effect of adding a water-soluble polymers (PEG) to the lamellar phases of the ternary system tetradecyldimethylaminoxide (C14DMAO)-hexanol-water. The results of Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy (FFEM) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) experiments show that the addition of the polymer induces the spontaneous formation of highly monodisperse multilayered vesicles above a threshold polymer concentration.
Published: 2006
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14. Crystalline Orientation and Adhesion at Polypropylene/Polyamide 6 Interfaces Compatibilized with Syndiotactic Polypropylene−Polyamide 6 Diblock Copolymers

Author: Liliane Léger, Claire Laurens, R. Ober, and Costantino Creton
Subjects: Polypropylene, chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Annealing (metallurgy), Organic Chemistry, Polymer, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Tacticity, Polyamide, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Thin film, Crystallization, Composite material
Abstract: Assemblies of polyamide 6 (PA6) with both syndiotactic and isotactic polypropylene (sPP and iPP) have been investigated in the presence of sPP-PA6 diblock copolymers formed in situ at the interface during annealing. Both iPP/PA6 and sPP/PA6 interfaces were stabilized by the sPP-PA6 copolymers. Crystalline orientations at the interface, characterized by X-ray diffraction using thin film assemblies, demonstrated an epitaxial crystallization of sPP on PA6, with a degree of orientation of the sPP increasing with increasing cooling rates, annealing times, and temperatures. For iPP/PA6 samples, the sPP-PA6 diblock copolymer had a sufficient stabilizing role on the interface to allow the observation of the iPP/PA6 epitaxy previously described, with a higher sensitivity of the degree of orientation to the annealing time than for sPP/PA6. The adhesive strength of macroscopic assemblies was also measured. The sPP-PA6 copolymer was able to mechanically reinforce the sPP/PA6 interface but not the iPP/PA6 one. The specific orientation of the polymers in the immediate vicinity of the interface is thus not sufficient to promote strong adhesion. The structure of the copolymer and its ability to entangle and probably cocrystallize with the matrix must also be considered.
Published: 2004
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15. Confined Diffusion in a Sponge Phase

Author: Marcel Waks, Wladimir Urbach, C. Nicot, R. Ober, Amir Maldonado, and Dominique Langevin
Subjects: Materials science, Chromatography, biology, Diffusion, Bilayer, Surfactant system, biology.organism_classification, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Sponge, Volume (thermodynamics), Chemical physics, Phase (matter), Volume fraction, Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Porous medium
Abstract: Three water-soluble probes with different hydrodynamic radii have been studied by self-diffusion experiments in the sponge (L3) phases of a zwitterionic surfactant system. In all cases, the self-diffusion coefficient varies linearly with the bilayer volume fraction. The available theories for rigid porous media cannot completely explain our results. Deviations from theoretical predictions appear for bilayer volume fractions greater than 0.2. The L3 phase cannot be therefore pictured as a disordered network of rigid surfaces at least for transport behavior.
Published: 2004
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16. Interface entre polymères semi-cristallins renforcées par des copolymères diblocs

Author: Liliane Léger, R. Ober, Claire Laurens, and Costantino Creton
Subjects: Materials Chemistry
Abstract: L'interface entre polypropylene isbtactique (iPP) et polyamide 6 (PA6) a ete etudiee. Des PP fonctionnalises (PP f ) susceptibles de reagir avec le PA6 sont utilises comme agents « compatibilisants » de l'interface. La formation de copolymeres iPP-PA6 par cette methode permet de stabiliser l'interface et de mettre en evidence son orientation cristalline par diffraction des rayons X. La quantite de copclytnefes formes a l'interface, Σ, est mesuree par XPS. Les cinetiques de formation des copolymeres sont ainsi determinees et nous montrons qu'elles dependent fortement de la structure du PP f utilise. La resistance mecanique de l'interface, G c , est egalement mesuree, en fonction de la temperature de formation des assemblages et de la structure des PP f . Le couplage des mesures de G c et de Σ permet de mettre en evidence les mecanismes de renforcement de l'interface et de montrer que l'efficacite des copolymeres de grande masse molaire est maximale lorsque les recuits sont effectues au-dela des temperatures de fusion des deux polymeres, quelle que soit la microstructure du PP f . Cet effet est relie la capacite de ces Copolymeres a ponter entre elles les lamelles cristallines dans la zone orientee.
Published: 2003
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17. Structural Changes and Chain Conformation of Hydrophobic Polyelectrolytes

Author: W. Bras, R. Ober, M. D. Carbajal-Tinoco, Claudine E. Williams, and I. Dolbnya
Subjects: Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Scattering, Charge (physics), Polyelectrolyte, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Sulfonate, Chain (algebraic topology), chemistry, Chemical physics, Materials Chemistry, Static light scattering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: A series of hydrophobic sodium poly(styrene-co-styrene sulfonate)'s of various charge fractions was studied by means of two combined techniques, static light scattering and small-angle X-rays scattering. The existence of structural changes as a function of the charge content was evidenced in the full scattering spectrum. By fitting the experimental data with some known models, we were able to show that these hydrophobic polyelectrolytes have a Gaussian shape at large scales. Moreover, the correlation between characteristic lengths of different scales suggests that the small angle upturn of the most hydrophobic polyelectrolytes could be related to the conformation of the chains.
Published: 2002
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18. Massive mycobacterial choroiditis during highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author: Subramanian Krishna Kumar, Ehud Zamir, Robert C Wang, Narsing A. Rao, Henry L. Hudson, Russell W. Read, and Richard R. Ober
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Eye disease, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, Panuveitis, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Ophthalmology, Choroiditis, Granuloma, Immunopathology, Immunology, Medicine, Cytomegalovirus retinitis, business, Subclinical infection
Abstract: Purpose To describe the ocular presentation of disseminated mycobacterial disease occurring during immune-recovery in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Study design Case report and literature review. Participants A 41-year-old AIDS patient with a prior diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Methods The patient developed progressive, bilateral multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis 2 months after beginning and responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. His left eye became blind and painful and was enucleated. Pathologic examination revealed massive choroiditis with well-formed, discrete granulomas and multiple intracellular and extracellular acid-fast organisms within the choroidal granulomas. Culture and polymerase chain reaction of vitreous specimens revealed Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Results Empiric, and later sensitivity-guided, local and systemic antibiotic therapy was used to treat the remaining right eye, but it continued to deteriorate. Despite medical therapy, three vitrectomies and repeated intravitreal injections of amikacin, a total retinal detachment ensued. One week after the third vitrectomy, the patient died from mesenteric artery thrombosis in the setting of disseminated mycobacterial disease. Conclusions This is the first report of ocular inflammation as the presenting finding in the recently recognized syndrome of immune-recovery MAC disease. Pathogenesis of this entity is related to an enhanced immune response to a prior, subclinical, disseminated infection. The formation of discrete granulomas, normally absent in MAC infections in AIDS, reflects this mechanism.
Published: 2002
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19. Behavior of a Reverse Lamellar Phase in the Presence of Low Molecular Weight Triblock Molecules

Author: R. Ober, B. Guidetti, Wladimir Urbach, I. Rico-Lattes, Nicolas Taulier, and M.-F. Gouzy
Subjects: Materials science, Scattering, Membrane thickness, Surfaces and Interfaces, Condensed Matter Physics, Pulmonary surfactant, Chemical engineering, Lamellar phase, Polymer chemistry, Electrochemistry, Molecule, General Materials Science, Lamellar structure, Membrane surface, Spectroscopy
Abstract: The behavior of a reverse lamellar phase has been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering upon the insertion of triblock molecules. A decrease of the lamellar spacing and membrane thickness was observed, whereas the Cailleexponent remained constant whatever the concentration of triblock molecules. A similar behavior was observed when surfactant molecules were added to the lamellar phase instead of triblock molecules. We demonstrate that our experimental results are consistent with the assumption that triblock molecules only participate to increase the membrane surface area. Moreover, we emphasize the fact that the surfactant molecular area varies with the membrane thickness. Indeed, this property appears to be the main effect causing the observed dramatic decrease of the lamellar spacing.
Published: 2002
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20. Self Diffusion and Spectral Modifications of a Membrane Protein, the Rubrivivax gelatinosus LH2 Complex, Incorporated into a Monoolein Cubic Phase

Author: F. Reiss-Husson, Nicolas Tsapis, Wladimir Urbach, R. Ober, Robert S. Hodges, and M. Genest
Subjects: Halobacterium, Photochemistry, Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins, Analytical chemistry, Biophysics, macromolecular substances, Micelle, law.invention, Glycerides, Diffusion, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-Ray Diffraction, law, Phase (matter), Crystallization, Micelles, Fluorescent Dyes, Octyl glucoside, biology, Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, Membrane Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Fluorescence, Solutions, Crystallography, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Absorption (chemistry), Research Article
Abstract: The light-harvesting complex LH2 from a purple bacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus , has been incorporated into the Q230 cubic phase of monoolein. We measured the self-diffusion of LH2 in detergent solution and in the cubic phase by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We investigated also the absorption and fluorescence properties of this oligomeric membrane protein in the cubic phase, in comparison with its β -octyl glucoside solution. In these experiments, native LH2 and LH2 labeled by a fluorescent marker were used. The results indicate that the inclusion of LH2 into the cubic phase induced modifications in the carotenoid and B800 binding sites. Despite these significant perturbations, the protein seems to keep an oligomeric structure. The relevance of these observations for the possible crystallization of this protein in the cubic phase is discussed.
Published: 2001
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21. Oscillatory Forces from Polyelectrolyte Solutions Confined in Thin Liquid Films

Author: and C. E. Williams, O. Théodoly, R. Ober, Vance Bergeron, and J. S. Tan
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Period (periodic table), Oscillation, Analytical chemistry, Thermodynamics, Surfaces and Interfaces, Polymer, Condensed Matter Physics, Micelle, Polyelectrolyte, chemistry, Micellar solutions, Electrochemistry, General Materials Science, Circular symmetry, Scaling, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Several combinations of polyelectrolyte−surfactant mixtures are studied to probe the various structure−property relationships these systems produce in thin liquid foam films. We show that either bulk solution properties or surface specific adsorption of the polymer−surfactant complexes formed can dominate the thin-film behavior. Above the polymer overlap concentration, Cp*, oscillatory force profiles are observed. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the oscillation period, Δh, scales as the negative square root of the polymer concentration, Δh ∼ Cp-1/2. In addition, by comparing directly the bulk polymer correlation length, ξ, to the oscillation period, we establish for the first time that Δh = ξ for these systems. These findings are compared to oscillatory force behavior seen with micellar solutions which display a scaling relation with micelle concentration, Cm, which follows Δh ∼ Cm-1/3. The different scaling exponents are explained by the local cylindrical and spherical symmetry of the mo...
Published: 2001
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22. Adsorption of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes at the air/water interface: Conformational effect and history dependence

Author: R. Ober, Olivier Theodoly, and Claudine E. Williams
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Langmuir, Materials science, Biophysics, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Polymer, Polyelectrolyte, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Ellipsometry, General Materials Science, Polystyrene, Soft matter, Layer (electronics), Biotechnology
Abstract: We present an experimental study of the adsorption of hydrophobic highly charged polyelectrolytes on a neutral and hydrophobic surface, the air/water interface. The polymer was a randomly sulphonated polystyrene with charge fractions between 0.3 and 0.9 and the adsorbed layers were characterised by Langmuir through measurements, ellipsometry and X-ray reflectivity. The adsorption rate is always very slow and the resulting layers are very thin (< 3 nm). A maximum of adsorption with the charge fraction is observed which we relate to the conformation of the chains in solution. We show that adsorption is partially irreversible, strongly hysteretic and that the state of an adsorbed layer depends on its history.
Published: 2001
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23. Role of the Interfacial Orientation in Adhesion between Semicrystalline Polymers

Author: Liliane Léger, R. Ober, Claire Laurens, and Costantino Creton
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Adhesion, Polymer, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallinity, chemistry, law, Tacticity, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Polymer blend, Thin film, Crystallization, Composite material
Abstract: To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the adhesion between isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and polyamide 6 (PA6) in the presence of iPP−PA6 diblock copolymer, thin film assemblies with a typical thickness of 115 nm have been prepared. The crystalline orientation of the iPP and of the PA6 close to the interface has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. An epitaxial crystallization of iPP on PA6 was observed. Similarly to what happens for adhesive strength, the epitaxy is enhanced when increasing the copolymer surface density or the length of the PP block and further enhanced when the samples were annealed above the melting temperature of PA6.
Published: 2001
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24. Semidilute and Concentrated Solutions of a Solvophobic Polyelectrolyte in Nonaqueous Solvents

Author: Jean-Claude Galin, Claudine E. Williams, Thomas A. Waigh, and R. Ober
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Concentration effect, Polyelectrolyte, Inorganic Chemistry, Solvent, Ionic strength, Phase (matter), Materials Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Solvent effects, Solvophobic
Abstract: We study the behavior of a solvophobic polyelectrolyte in a series of polar organic solvents of various quality and polarity. Small-angle X-ray scattering is used to measure the semidilute correlation length ξ as a function of polymer concentration. In polar solvents of good quality ξ varies as c-1/2 in the whole concentration range, as expected. Contrastingly, in acetonitrile, a polar solvent of poor quality, the scaling exponent is found to change from −1/2 to −1/7, in qualitative agreement with the predictions of the pearl necklace model of Dobrynin and Rubinstein. This behavior is attributed to the crossover between “string” and “bead-colloid” controlled regimes of the isotropic transient network. At yet higher concentrations a gel-like phase is found attributed to bead interpenetration. It is thought to be driven by the small Debye−Huckel screening length at these concentrations, in agreement with recent molecular dynamics simulations of Micka et al. The crossover concentration for both string/bead-c...
Published: 2001
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25. Interaction between the lipoamide-containing H-protein and the lipoamide dehydrogenase (L-protein) of the glycine decarboxylase multienzyme system

Author: Magali Faure, David Macherel, Roland Douce, Richard Kahn, Claudine Cohen-Addad, Larry C. Sieker, R. Ober, Jacques Bourguignon, and Michel Neuburger
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Protein Folding, Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1, Protein Conformation, Stereochemistry, Molecular Sequence Data, Crystallography, X-Ray, Glycine Decarboxylase Complex H-Protein, Biochemistry, Cofactor, chemistry.chemical_compound, Protein structure, Escherichia coli, Amino Acid Sequence, Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase, Glycine Decarboxylase Complex, Inclusion Bodies, Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Thioctic Acid, biology, Glycine Dehydrogenase (Decarboxylating), Recombinant Proteins, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Kinetics, Lipoic acid, Models, Chemical, chemistry, Lipoamide, biology.protein, Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Carrier Proteins, Oxidation-Reduction, Plasmids, Protein Binding
Abstract: The glycine decarboxylase complex consists of four different component enzymes (P-, H-, T- and L-proteins). The 14-kDa lipoamide-containing H-protein plays a pivotal role in the complete sequence of reactions as its prosthetic group (lipoic acid) interacts successively with the three other components of the complex and undergoes a cycle of reductive methylamination, methylamine transfer and electron transfer. With the aim to understand the interaction between the H-protein and its different partners, we have previously determined the crystal structure of the oxidized and methylaminated forms of the H-protein. In the present study, we have crystallized the H-protein in its reduced state and the L-protein (lipoamide dehydrogenase or dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase). The L-protein has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli and refolded from inclusion bodies in an active form. Crystals were obtained from the refolded L-protein and the structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. This first crystal structure of a plant dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is similar to other known dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase structures. The crystal structure of the H-protein in its reduced form has been determined and compared to the structure of the other forms of the protein. It is isomorphous to the structure of the oxidized form. In contrast with methylaminated H-protein where the loaded lipoamide arm was locked into a cavity of the protein, the reduced lipoamide arm appeared freely exposed to the solvent. Such a freedom is required to allow its targeting inside the hollow active site of L-protein. Our results strongly suggest that a direct interaction between the H- and L-proteins is not necessary for the reoxidation of the reduced lipoamide arm bound to the H-protein. This hypothesis is supported by biochemical data [Neuburger, M., Polidori, A.M., Pietre, E., Faure, M., Jourdain, A., Bourguignon, J., Pucci, B. & Douce, R. (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 2882-2889] and by small angle X-ray scattering experiments reported herein.
Published: 2000
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26. Organization of cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal molecules in prewetting films spreading on silicon wafers

Author: R. Ober, S. Bardon, M. P. Valignat, Anne-Marie Cazabat, F. Vandenbrouck, and Jean Daillant
Subjects: Crystallography, Electron density, Materials science, Liquid crystal, Ellipsometry, Phase (matter), Bilayer, Ribbon, Monolayer, Stacking
Abstract: We observe prewetting films of 8CB ${(4}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}4\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{l})$ spreading at room temperature on silicon wafers by ellipsometry and x-ray reflectivity. Ellipsometry indicates the formation of a nondense monolayer spreading in front of a 45-\AA{}-thick film. X-ray reflectivity, performed using a ribbon geometry for the liquid crystal (LC) reservoir, allows us to determine the organization of the 8CB molecules in the homogenous film. It consists of a trilayer stacking with a smecticlike bilayer standing above a polar monolayer with tilted molecules. We show that the thickness of the bilayer is equal to the smectic periodicity in the bulk material and that the tilt angle of the molecules in contact with the solid surface is close to 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, in good agreement with second-harmonic generation studies reported by other groups. Such organization can be precisely determined using x-ray reflectivity because it induces a modulation of the electron density along the normal to the surface. Furthermore, a study of the ellispometric profile of a drop heated in the nematic phase, where we observe a complete spreading of the LC, shows the complex structuration of the LC close to the solid interface. In particular, the spreading behavior of the trilayer compared to the subsequent smecticlike bilayers indicates the existence of specific interaction between the trilayer and silicon wafer.
Published: 1999
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27. Contributory presentations/posters

Author: N. Manoj, V. R. Srinivas, A. Surolia, M. Vijayan, K. Suguna, R. Ravishankar, R. Schwarzenbacher, K. Zeth, null Diederichs, G. M. Kostner, A. Gries, P. Laggner, R. Prassl, null Madhusudan, Pearl Akamine, Nguyen-huu Xuong, Susan S. Taylor, M. Bidva Sagar, K. Saikrishnan, S. Roy, K. Purnapatre, P. Handa, U. Varshney, B. K. Biswal, N. Sukumar, J. K. Mohana Rao, A. Johnson, Vasantha Pattabhi, S. Sri Krishna, Mira Sastri, H. S. Savithri, M. R. N. Murthy, Bindu Pillai, null Kannan, M. V. Hosur, Mukesh Kumar, Swati Patwardhan, K. K. Kannan, B. Padmanabhaa, S. Sasaki-Sugio, M. Nukaga, T. Matsuzaki, S. Karthikevan, S. Sharma, A. K. Sharma, M. Paramasivam, P. Kumar, J. A. Khan, S. Yadav, A. Srinivasan, T. P. Singh, S. Gourinath, Neelima Alam, A. Srintvasan, Vikas Chandra, Punit Kaur, Ch. Betzel, S. Ghosh, A. K. Bera, S. Bhattacharya, S. Chakraborty, A. K. Pal, B. P. Mukhopadhyay, I. Dey, U. Haldar, Asok Baneriee, Jozef Sevcik, Adriana Solovicova, K. Sekar, M. Sundaralingam, N. Genov, Dong-cai Liang, Tao Jiang, Ji-ping Zhang, Wen-rui Chang, Wolfgang Jahnke, Marcel Blommers, S. C. Panchal, R. V. Hosur, Bindu Pillay, Puniti Mathur, S. Srivatsun, Ratan Mani Joshi, N. R. Jaganathan, V. S. Chauhan, H. S. Atreya, S. C. Sahu, K. V. R. Chary, Girjesh Govil, Elisabeth Adjadj, Éric Quinjou, Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre, Yves Blouquit, Joël Mispelter, Bernadette Heyd, Guilhem Lerat, Philippe Milnard, Michel Desmadreil, Y. Lin, B. D. Nageswara Rao, Vidva Raghunathan, Mei H. Chau, Prashant Pesais, Sudha Srivastava, Evans Coutinho, Anil Saran, Leizl F. Sapico, Jayson Gesme, Herbert Lijima, Raymond Paxton, Thamarapu Srikrishnan, C. R. Grace, G. Nagenagowda, A. M. Lynn, Sudha M. Cowsik, Sarata C. Sahu, S. Chauhan, A. Bhattacharya, G. Govil, Anil Kumar, Maurizio Pellecchia, Erik R. P. Zuiderweg, Keiichi Kawano, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Naoki Fujitani, Yoichi Hayakawa, Atsushi Ohnishi, Tadayasu Ohkubo, Yasuhiro Kumaki, Kunio Hikichi, Katsutoshi Nitta, V. Rani Parvathy, R. M. Kini, Takumi Koshiba, Yoshihiro Kobashigawa, Min Yao, Makoto Demura, Astushi Nakagawa, Isao Tanaka, Kunihiro Kuwajima, Jens Linge, Seán O. Donoghue, Michael Nilges, G. Chakshusmathi, Girish S. Ratnaparkhi, P. K. Madhu, R. Varadarajan, C. Tetreau, M. Tourbez, D. Lavalette, M. Manno, P. L. San Biagio, V. Martorana, A. Emanuele, S. M. Vaiana, D. Bulone, M. B. Palma-Vittorelli, M. U. Palma, V. D. Trivedi, S. F. Cheng, W. J. Chien, S. H. Yang, S. Francis, D. K. Chang, Renn Batra, Michael A. Geeves, Dietmar J. Manstein, Joanna Trvlska, Pawel Grochowski, Maciej Geller, K. Ginalski, P. Grochowski, B. Lesyng, P. Lavalette, Y. Blouquit, D. Roccatano, A. Amadei, A. Di Nola, H. J. C. Berendsen, Bosco Ho, P. M. G. Curmi, H. Berry, D. Lairez, E. Pauthe, J. Pelta, V. Kothekar, Shakti Sahi, M. Srinivasan, Anil K. Singh, Kartha S. Madhusudnan, Fateh S. Nandel, Harpreet Kaur, Balwinder Singh, D. V. S. Jain, K. Anton Feenstra, Herman J. C. Berendsen, F. Tama, Y. -H. Sanejouand, N. Go, Deepak Sharma, Sunita Sharma, Santosh Pasha, Samir K. Brahmachari, R. Viiavaraghavan, Jyoti Makker, Sharmisllia Dey, S. Kumar, G. S. Lakshmikanth, G. Krishnamoorthy, V. M. Mazhul, E. M. Zaitseva, Borys Kierdaszuk, J. Widengren, B. Terry, Ü. Mets, R. Rigler, R. Swaminathan, S. Thamotharan, N. Yathindra, Y. Shibata, H. Chosrowjan, N. Mataga, I. Morisima, Tania Chakraharty, Ming Xiao, Roger Cooke, Paul Selvin, C. Branca, A. Faraone, S. Magazù, G. Maisano, P. Migliardo, V. Villari, Digambar V. Behere, M. Sharique Zahida Waheed Deva, M. Brunori, F. Cutruzzolà, Q. H. Gibson, C. Savino, C. Travaglini-Allocatelli, B. Vallone, Swati Prasad, Shyamalava Mazumdar, Samaresh Mitra, P. Soto, R. Fayad, I. E. Sukovataya, N. A. Tyulkova, Sh. V. Mamedov, B. Aktas, M. Canturk, B. Aksakal, R. Yilgin, K. I. Bogutska, N. S. Miroshnichenko, S. Chacko, M. DiSanto, J. A. Hypolite, Y-M. Zheng, A. J. Wein, M. Wojciechowski, T. Grycuk, J. Antosiewicz, Marc A. Ceruso, Alfredo Di Nola, Subhasis Bandvopadhvay, Bishnu P. Chatterjee, Devapriva Choudhury, Andrew Thompson, Vivian Stojanoff, Jerome Pinkner, Scott Hultgren, Stefan Khight, Delphine Flatters, Julia Goodfellow, Fumi Takazawatt, Minoru Kanehisa, Masaki Sasai, Hironori Nakamura, Wang Bao Han, Yuan Zheng, Wang Zhi Xin, Pan xin Min, Vlnod Bhakuni, Sangeeta Kulkarni, Atta Ahmad, Koodathingal Prakash, Shashi Prajapati, Alexey Surin, Tomoharu Matsumoto, Li Yang, Yuki Nakagawa, Kazumoto Kimura, Yoshiyuki Amemiya, Gennady V. Semisotnov, Hiroshi Kihara, Saad Tayyab, Salman Muzammil, Yogesh Kumar, Vinod Bhakuni, Monica Sundd, Suman Kundu, M. V. Jagannadham, Medicherla V. Jagannadham, Bina Chandani, Ruby Dhar, Lalankumar Sinha, Deepti Warrier, Sonam Mehrotra, Purnima Khandelwal, Subhendu Seth, Y. U. Sasidhar, C. Ratna Prabha, Arun Gidwani, K. P. Madhusudan, Akira R. Kinjo, Ken Nishikawa, Suvobrata Chakravarty, Raghavan Varadarajan, K. Noyelle, P. Haezebrouck, M. Joniau, H. Van Dael, Sheffali Dash, Indra Brata Jha, Rajiv Bhat, Prasanna Mohanty, A. K. Bandyopadhyay, H. M. Sonawat, Ch. Mohan Rao, Siddhartha Datta, K. Rajaraman, B. Raman, T. Ramakrishna, A. Pande, J. Pande, S. Betts, N. Asherie, O. Ogun, J. King, G. Benedek, I. V. Sokolova, G. S. Kalacheva, Masashi Sonoyama, Yasunori Yokoyama, Kunihiro Taira, Shigeki Mitaku, Chicko Nakazawal, Takanori Sasakil, Yuri Mukai, Naoki Kamo, Seema Dalal, Lynne Regan, Shigeki Mituku, Mihir Roychoudhury, Devesh Kumar, Dénes Lőrinczv, Franciska Könczöl, László Farkas, Joseph Belagyi, Christoph Schick, Christy A. Thomson, Vettai S. Ananthanarayanan, E. G. Alirzayeva, S. N. Baba-Zade, M. Michael Gromiha, M. Oobatake, H. Kono, J. An, H. Uedaira, A. Sarai, Kazufumi Takano, Yuriko Yamagata, Katsuhide Yutani, Gouri S. Jas, Victor Muñoz, James Hofrichter, William A. Eaton, Jonathan Penoyar, Philip T. Lo Verde, J. Kardos, Á. Bódi, I. Venekei, P. Závodszky, L. Gráf, András Szilágyi, Péter Závodszky, R. D. Allan, J. Walshaw, D. N. Woolfson, Jun Funahashi, Savan Gupta, M. Mangoni, P. Roccatano, Gosu Ramachandraiah, Nagasuma R. Chandra, Barbara Ciani, Derek N. Woolfson, Usha B. Nair, Kanwal J. Kaur, Dinakar M. Salunke, Chittoor P. Swaminathan, Avadhesha Surolia, A. Pramanik, P. Jonasson, G. Kratz, O. T. Jansson, P. -Å. Nygren, S. Ståhl, K. Ekberg, B. -L. Johansson, S. Uhlén, M. Uhlén, H. Jörnvall, J. Wahren, Karin Welfle, Rolf Misselwitz, Wolfgang Höhne, Heinz Welfle, L. G. Mitskevich, N. V. Fedurkina, B. I. Kurganov, Gotam K. Jarori, Haripada Maity, J. Guharay, B. Sengupta, P. K. Sengupta, K. Sridevi, S. R. Kasturi, S. P. Gupta, Gunjan Agarwal, Suzanne Kwong, Robin W. Briehl, O. I. Ismailova, N, A. Tyulkova, C. Hariharan, D. Pines, E. Pines, M. Zamai, R. Cohen-Luria, A. Yayon, A. H. Parola, M. J. Padya, G. A. Spooner, D. N. Woolfeon, Panchan Bakshi, D. K. Bharadwaj, U. Sharma, N. Srivastava, R. Barthwal, N. R. Jagannathan, Keiko Matsuda, Takaaki Nishioka, Nobuhiro Go, T. Aita, S. Urata, Y. Husimi, Mainak Majumder, Nicola G. A. Abrescia, Lucy Malinina, Juan A. Subirana, Juan Aymami, Ramón Eritxa, Miquel Coll, B. J. Premraj, R. Thenmalarchelvi, P. Satheesh Kumar, N. Gautham, Lou -Sing Kan, null Ming-Hou, Shwu-Bin Lin, Tapas Sana, Kanal B. Roy, N. Bruant, D. Flatters, R. Lavery, D. Genest, Remo Rons, Heinz Sklenar, Richard Lavery, Sudip Kundu, Dhananjay Bhattacharyya, Debashree Bandyopadhyay, Ashoke Ranjan Thakur, Rabi Majumdar, F. Barceló, J. Portugal, Sunita Ramanathan, B. J. Rao, Mahua Gliosli, N. Vinay Kumar, Umesh Varshney, Shashank S. Pataskar, R. Sarojini, S. Selvasekarapandian, P. Kolandaivel, S. Sukumar, P. Kolmdaivel, Motilal Maiti, Anjana Sen, Suman Das, Elisa Del Terra, Chiara Suraci, Silvia Diviacco, Franco Quadrifoglio, Luigi Xodo, Arghya Ray, G. Karthikeyan, Kandala V. R. Chary, Basuthkar J. Rao, Anwer Mujeeb, Thomas L. James, N. Kasyanenko, E. E. F. Haya, A. Bogdanov, A. Zanina, M. R. Bugs, M. L. Cornélio, M. Ye. Tolstorukov, Nitish K. Sanval, S. N. Tiwari, Nitish K. Sanyal, Mihir Roy Choudhury, P. K. Patel, Neel S. Bhavesh, Anna Gabrielian, Stefan Wennmalm, Lars Edman, Rudolf Rigler, B. Constantinescu, L. Radu, I. Radulcscu, D. Gazdaru, Sebastian Wärmländer, Mikael Leijon, Setsuyuki Aoki, Takao Kondo, Masahiro Ishiura, V. A. Pashinskaya, M. V. Kosevich, V. S. Shelkovsky, Yu. P. Blagoy, Ji-hua Wang, R. Malathi, K. Chandrasekhar, E. R. Kandimalla, S. Agrawal, V. K. Rastogi, M. Alcolea Palafox, Chatar Singh, A. D. Beniaminov, S. A. Bondarenko, E. M. Zdobnov, E. E. Minyat, N. B. Ulyanov, V. I. Ivanov, J. S. Singh, Kailas D. Sonawane, Henri Grosjean, Ravindra Tewari, Uddhavesh B. Sonavane, Annie Morin, Elizabeth A. Doherty, Jennifer A. Doudna, H. Tochio, S. Sato, H. Matsuo, M. Shirakawa, Y. Kyogoku, B. Javaram, Surjit B. Dixit, Piyush Shukla, Parul Kalra, Achintya Das, Kevin McConnell, David L. Beveridge, W. H. Sawyer, R. Y. S. Chan, J. F. Eccelston, Yuling Yan, B. E. Davidson, Eimer Tuite, Bengt Norden, Peter Nielsen, Masayuki Takahashi, Anirban Ghosh, Manju Bansal, Frauke Christ, Hubert Thole, Wolfgang Wende, Alfred Pingoud, Vera Pingoud, Pratibha Mehta Luthra, Ramesh Chandra, Ranjan Sen, Rodney King, Robert Weisberg, Olaf F. A. Larsen, Jos Berends, Hans A. Heus, Cornelis W. Hilbers, Ivo H. M. van Stokkum, Bas Gobets, Rienk van Grondelle, Herbert van Amerongen, HE. Sngrvan, Yu. S. Babayan, N. V. Khudaverdian, M. Gromiha, F. Pichierri, M. Aida, P. Prabakaran, K. Sayano, Saulius Serva, Eglė Merkienė, Giedrius Vilkaitis, Elmar Weinhold, Saulius Klimašauskas, Eleonora Marsich, Antonella Bandiera, Giorgio Manzini, G. Potikyan, V. Arakelyan, Yu. Babayan, Alex Ninaber, Julia M. Goodfellow, Yoichiro Ito, Shigeru Ohta, Yuzuru Husimi, J. Usukura, H. Tagami, H. Aiba, Mougli Suarez, Elia Nunes, Deborah Keszenman, E. Carmen Candreva, Per Thyberg, Zeno Földes-Papp, Amita Joshi, Dinesh Singh, M. R. Rajeswari, null Ira, M. Pregetter, H. Amenitsch, J. Chapman, B. N. Pandev, K. P. Mishra, E. E. Pohl, J. Sun, I. I. Agapov, A. G. Tonevitsky, P. Pohl, S. M. Dennison, G. P. Gorbeako, T. S. Dynbko, N. Pappavee, A. K. Mishra, Prieto Manuel, Almeida Rodrigo, Loura Luis, L. Ya. Gendel, S. Przestalski, J. Kuczera, H. Kleszczyńska, T. Kral, E. A. Chernitsky, O. A. Senkovich, V. V. Rosin, Y. M. Allakhverdieva, G. C. Papageorgiou, R. A. Gasanov, Calin Apetrei, Tudor Savopol, Marius Balea, D. Cucu, D. Mihailescu, K. V. Ramanathan, Goran Bačić, Nicolas Sajot, Norbert Garnier, Serge Crouzy, Monique Genest, Z. S. Várkonyi, O. Zsiros, T. Farkas, Z. Combos, Sophie Cribier, I. F. Fraceto, S. Schreier, A. Spisni, F. de Paula, F. Sevšek, G. Gomišček, V. Arrigler, S. Svetina, B. Žekš, Fumimasa Nomura, Miki Nagata, Kingo Takiguchi, Hirokazu Hotani, Lata Panicker, P. S. Parvathanathan, A. Ishino, A. Saitoh, H. Hotani, K. Takiguchi, S. Afonin, A. Takahashi, Y. Nakato, T. Takizawa, Dipti Marathe, Kent Jørgensen, Satinder S. Rawat, R. Rukmini, Amitabha Chattopadhyay, M. Šentiurc, J. Štrancar, Z. Stolič, K. Filipin, S. Pečar, S. C. Biswas, Satyen Sana, Anunay Samanta, Koji Kinoshita, Masahito Yamazaki, Tetsuhiko Ohba, Tai Kiuchi, null Yoshitoshi, null Kamakura, Akira Goto, Takaaki Kumeta, Kazuo Ohki, I. P. Sugar, T. E. Thompson, K. K. Thompson, R. L. Biltonen, Y. Suezaki, H. Ichinose, M. Akivama, S. Matuoka, K. Tsuchihashi, S. Gasa, P. Mattjus, J. G. Molotkovsky, H. M. Pike, R. E. Brown, Ashish Arora, Jörg H. Kleinschmidt, Lukas K. Tamm, O. G. Luneva, K. E. Kruglyakova, V. A. Fedin, O. S. Kuptsoya, J. W. Borst, N. V. Visser, A. J. W. G. Visser, T. S. Dyubko, Toshihiko Ogihara, Kiyoshi Mishima, A. L. Shvaleva, N. Č. Radenović, P. M. Minić, M. G. Jeremić, Č. N. Radenović, T. F. Aripov, E. T. Tadjibaeva, O. N. Vagina, M. V. Zamaraeva, B. A. Salakhutdinov, A. Cole, M. Poppofl, C. Naylor, R. Titball, A. K. Basak, J. T. Eaton, C. E. Naylor, N. Justin, D. S. Moss, R. W. Titball, F. Nomura, M. Nagata, S. Ishjkawa, S. Takahashi, Kaoru Obuchi, Erich Staudegger, Manfred Kriechbaum, Robert I. Lehrer, Alan J. Waring, Karl Lohner, Susanne Gangl, Bernd Mayer, Gottfried Köhler, J. Shobini, Z. Guttenberg, B. Lortz, B. Hu, E. Sackmann, N. M. Kozlova, L. M. Lukyanenko, A. N. Antonovich, E. I. Slobozhanina, Andrey V. Krylov, Yuri N. Antonenko, Elena A. Kotova, Alexander A. Yaroslavov, Subhendu Ghosh, Amal K. Bera, Sudipto Das, Eva Urbánková, Masood Jelokhani-Niaraki, Karl Freeman, Petr Jezek, P. B. Usmanov, A. Ongarbaev, A. K. Tonkikh, Peter Pohl, Sapar M. Saparov, P. Harikumar, J. P. Reeves, S. Rao, S. K. Sikdar, A. S. Ghatpande, C. Corsso, A. C. Campos de Carvalho, W. A. Varanda, C. ElHamel, E. Dé, N. Saint, G. Molle, Anurae Varshney, M. K. Mathew, E. Loots, E. Y. Isacoff, Michiki Kasai, Naohiro Yamaguchi, Paramita Ghosh, Joseph Tigyi, Gabor Tigyi, Karoly Liliom, Ricardo Miledi, Maja R. Djurisic, Pavle R. Andjus, Indira H. Shrivastava, M. S. P. Sansom, C. Barrias, P. F. Oliveira, A. C. Mauricio, A. M. Rebelo da Costa, I. A. Lopes, S. V. Fedorovich, V. S. Chubanov, M. V. Sholukh, S. V. Konev, N. Fedirko, V. Manko, M. Klevets, N. Shvinka, B. S. Prabhananda, Mamata H. Kombrabail, S. Aravamudhan, Berenice Venegas-Cotero, Ivan Ortega Blake, Zhi-hong Zhang, Xiao-jian Hu, Han-qing Zhou, Wei-ying Cheng, Hang-fang Feng, L. O. Dubitsky, L. S. Vovkanvch, I. A. Zalyvsky, E. Savio-Galimberti, P. Bonazzola, J. E. Ponce-Homos, Mario Parisi, Claudia Capurro, Roxana Toriano, Laxma G. Ready, Larry R. Jones, David D. Thomas, B. A. Tashmukhamedov, B. T. Sagdullaev, D. Heitzmann, R. Warth, M. Bleich, R. Greger, K. T. G. Ferreira, H. G. Ferreira, Orna Zagoory, Essa Alfahel, Abraham H. Parola, Zvi Priel, H. Hama-Inaba, R. Wang, K. Choi, T. Nakajima, K. Haginoya, M. Mori, H. Ohyama, O. Yukawa, I. Hayata, Nanda B. Joshi, Sridhar K. Kannurpatti, Preeti G. Joshi, Mau Sinha, Xun Shen, Tianhui Hu, Ling Bei, Menno L. W. Knetsch, Nicole Schäfers, John Sandblom, Juris Galvanovskis, Roxana Pologea-Moraru, Eugenia Kovacs, Alexandra Dinu, S. H. Sanghvi, V. Jazbinšek, G. Thiel, W. Müller, G. Wübeller, Z. Tronteli, Leš Fajmut, Marko Marhl, Milan Brumen, I. D. Volotovski, S. G. Sokolovski, M. R. Knight, Alexei N. Vasil’ev, Alexander V. Chalyi, P. Sharma, P. J. Steinbach, M. Sharma, N. D. Amin, J. Barchir, R. W. Albers, H. C. Pant, M. Balasubramanyam, M. Condrescu, J. P. Gardner, Shamci Monajembashi, Gotz Pilarczyk, K. O. Greulich, F. M. El-Refaei, M. M. Talaat, A. I. El-Awadi, F. M. Ali, Ivan Tahradník, Jana Pavelková, Alexandra Zahradniková, Boris S. Zhorov, Vettai S. Ananthanaravanan, M. Ch. Michailov, E. Neu, W. Seidenbusch, E. Gornik, D. Martin, U. Welscher, D. G. Weiss, B. R. Pattnaik, A. Jellali, V. Forster, D. Hicks, J. Sahel, H. Dreyfus, S. Picaud, Hong-Wei Wang, Sen-fang Sui, Pradeep K. Luther, John Barry, Ed Morris, John Squire, C. Sivakama Sundari, D. Balasubramanian, K. Veluraia, T. Hema Thanka Christlet, M. Xavier Suresh, V. Laretta-Garde, Dubravka Krilov, Nataša Stojanović, Janko N. Herak, Ravi Jasuja, Maria Ivanova, Rossen Mirchev, Frank A. Ferrone, David Stopar, Ruud B. Spruijt, Cor J. A. M. Wolfs, Marcus A. Hemminga, G. Arcovito, M. De Spirito, Rajendra K. Agrawal, Amy B. Heagle, Pawel Penczek, Robert Grassucci, Joachim Frank, Manjuli R. Sharma, Loice H. Jeyakumar, Sidney Fleischer, Terence Wagenknecht, Carlo Knupp, Peter M. G. Munro, Eric Ezra, John M. Squire, Koji Ichihara, Hidefumi Kitazawa, Yusuke Iguchi, Tomohiko J. Itoh, Greta Pifat, Marina Kveder, Slavko Pečar, Milan Schara, Deepak Nair, Kavita Singh, Kanury V. S. Rao, Kanwaljeet Kaur, Deepti Jain, B. Sundaravadivel, Manisha Goel, D. M. Salunke, E. I. Kovalenko, G. N. Semenkova, S. N. Cherenkevich, T. Lakshmanan, D. Sriram, S. Srinivasan, D. Loganathan, T. S. Ramalingam, J. A. Lebrón, P. J. Bjorkman, A. K. Singh, T. N. Gayatri, Ernesto R. Caffarena, J. Raul Grigera, Paulo M. Bisch, V. Kiessling, P. Fromherz, K. N. Rao, S. M. Gaikwad, M. I. Khan, C. G. Suresh, P. Kaliannan, M. Elanthiraiyan, K. Chadha, J. Payne, J. L. Ambrus, M. P. N. Nair, Madhavan P. N. Nair, S. Mahajan, K. C. Chadha, R. Hewitt, S. A. Schwartz, J. Bourguignon, M. Faure, C. Cohen-Addad, M. Neuburger, R. Ober, L. Sieker, D. Macherel, R. Douce, D. S. Gurumurthy, S. Velmurugan, Z. Lobo, Ratna S. Phadke, Prashant Desai, I. M. Guseinova, S. Yu. Suleimanov, I. S. Zulfugarov, S. N. Novruzova, J. A. Aliev, M. A. Ismayilov, T. V. Savchenko, D. R. Alieva, Petr Ilík, Roman Kouřil, Hana Bartošková, Jan Nauš, Jvoti U. Gaikwad, Sarah Thomas, P. B. Vidyasagar, G. Garab, I. Simidjiev, S. Rajagopal, Zs. Várkonyi, S. Stoylova, Z. Cseh, E. Papp, L. Mustárdy, A. Holzenburg, R. Bruder, U. K. Genick, T. T. Woo, D. P. Millar, K. Gerwert, E. D. Getzoff, Tamás Jávorfí, Győző Garab, K. Razi Naqvi, Md. Kalimullah, Jyoti Gaikwad, Manoj Semwal, Roman Kouril, Petr Ilik, Man Naus, István Pomozi, Gábor Horváth, Rüdiger Wehner, Gary D. Bernard, Ana Damjanović, Thorsten Ritz, Klaus Schulten, Wang Jushuo, Shan Jixiu, Gong Yandao, Kuang Tingyun, Zhao Nanming, Arvi Freiberg, Kõu Timpmann, Rein Ruus, Neal W. Woodbury, E. V. Nemtseva, N. S. Kudryasheva, A. G. Sizykh, V. N. Shikhov, T. V. Nesterenko, A. A. Tikhomirov, Giorgio Forti, Giovanni Finazzi, Alberto Furia, Romina Paola Barbagallo, S. Iskenderova, R. Agalarov, R. Gasanov, Miyashita Osamu, G. O. Nobuhiro, R. K. Soni, M. Ramrakhiani, Hiromasa Yagi, Kacko Tozawa, Nobuaki Sekino, Tomoyuki Iwabuchi, Masasuke Yoshida, Hideo Akutsu, A. V. Avetisyan, A. D. Kaulen, V. P. Skulachev, B. A. Feniouk, Cécile Breyton, Werner Kühlbrandt, Maria Assarsson, Astrid Gräslund, G. Horváth, B. Libisch, Z. Gombos, N. V. Budagovskaya, N. Kudryasheva, Erisa Harada, Yuki Fukuoka, Tomoaki Ohmura, Arima Fukunishi, Gota Kawai, Kimitsuna Watanabe, Jure Derganc, Bojan Božič, Saša Svetina, Boštjan Žekš, J. F. Y. Hoh, Z. B. Li, G. H. Rossmanith, E. L. de Beer, B. W. Treijtel, P. L. T. M. Frederix, T. Blangè, S. Hénon, F. Galtet, V. Laurent, E. Planus, D. Isabey, L. S. Rath, P. K. Dash, M. K. Raval, C. Ramakrishnan, R. Balaram, Milan Randic, Subhash C. Basak, Marjan Vracko, Ashesh Nandy, Dragan Amic, Drago Beslo, Sonja Nikolic, Nenad Trinajstic, J. Walahaw, Marc F. J. Lensink, Boojala V. B. Reddy, Ilya N. Shindylov, Philip E. Bourne, M. C. Donnamaria, J. de Xammar Oro, J. R. Grigera, Monica Neagu, Adrian Neagu, Matej Praprotnik, Dušanka Janežič, Pekka Mark, Lennart Nilsson, L. La Fata, Laurent E. Dardenne, Araken S. Werneck, Marçal de O. Neto, N. Kannan, S. Vishveshwara, K. Veluraja, Gregory D. Grunwald, Alexandra T. Balaban, Kanika Basak, Brian D. Gute, Denise Mills, David Opitz, Krishnan Balasubramanian, G. I. Mihalas, Diana Lungeanu, G. Macovievici, Raluca Gruia, C. Cortez-Maghelly, B. Dalcin, E. P. Passos, S. Blesic, M. Ljubisavljevic, S. Milosevic, D. J. Stratimirovic, Nandita Bachhawat, Shekhar C. Mande, A. Nandy, Ayumu Saito, Koichi Nishigaki, Mohammed Naimuddin, Takatsugu Hirokawa, Mitsuo Ono, Hirotomo Takaesu, M. I. El Gohary, Abdalla S. Ahmed, A. M. Eissa, Hiroshi Nakashima, G. P. S. Raghava, N. Kurgalvuk, O. Goryn, Bernard S. Gerstman, E. V. Gritsenko, N. N. Remmel, O. M. Maznyak, V. A. Kratasyuk, E. N. Esimbekova, D. Tchitchkan, S. Koulchitsky, A. Tikhonov, A. German, Y. Pesotskaya, S. Pashkevich, S. Pletnev, V. Kulchitsky, Umamaheswar Duvvuri, Sridhar Charagundla, Rahim Rizi, John S. Leigh, Ravinder Reddy, Mahesh Kumar, O. Coshic, P. K. Julka, O. K. Rath, NR. Jagannathan, Karina Roxana Iliescu, Maria Sajin, Nicolcta Moisoi, Ileana Petcu, A. I. Kuzmenko, R. P. Morozova, I. A. Nikolenko, G. V. Donchenko, M. K. Rahman, M. M. Ahmed, Takehiro Watanabe, Y. Rubin, H. Gilboa, R. Sharony, R. Ammar, G. Uretzky, M. Khubchandani, H. N. Mallick, V. Mohan Kumar, Arijitt Borthakur, Erik M. Shapiro, M. Gulnaz Begum, Mahaveer N. Degaonkar, S. Govindasamy, Ivan Dimitrov, T. A. Kumosani, W. Bild, I. Stefanescu, G. Titescu, R. Iliescu, C. Lupusoru, V. Nastasa, I. Haulica, Gopal Khetawat, N. Faraday, M. Nealen, S. Noga, P. F. Bray, T. V. Ananieva, E. A. Lycholat, MV. Kosevich, S. G. Stepanyan, S. V. Antonyuk, R. Khachatryan, H. Arakelian, A. Kumar, S. Ayrapetyan, V. Mkheyan, S. Agadjanyan, A. Khachatryan, S. S. Rajan, V. Kabaleeswaran, Geetha Gopalakrishnan, T. R. Govindachari, Meera Ramrakhiani, Phillip Lowe, Andrew Badley, David C. Cullen, H. Hermel, W. Schmahl, H. Möhwald, Nirmalya Majumdar, Joydip Das, András Dér, Loránd Kelemen, László Oroszi, András Hámori, Jeremy J. Ramsden, Pál Ormos, D. Savitri, Chanchal K. Mitra, Toshio Yanagida, Seiji Esaki, Yuji Kimura, Tomoyuki Nishida, Yosiyuki Sowa, M. Radu, V. K. Koltover, Ya. I. Estrin, L. A. Kasumova, V. P. Bubnov, E. E. Laukhina, Rajiv Dotta, M. Degaonkar, P. Raghunathan, Rama Jayasundar, Pavel Novák, Milan Marko, Ivan Zahradník, Hiroaki Hirata, Hidetake Miyata, J. Balaji, P. Sengupta, S. Maiti, M. Gonsalves, A. L. Barker, J. V. Macpherson, D. O’Hare, C. P. Winlove, P. R. Unwin, R. Phillip, S. Banerjee, G. Ravindra Kumar, K. Nagayaka, R. Danev, S. Sugitani, K. Murata, Michael Gősch, H. Blom, P. Thyberg, Z. Földes-Papp, G. Björk, J. Holm, T. Heino, Masashi Yokochi, Fuyuhiko Inagaki, Masami Kusunoki, E. K. Matthews, J. Pines, Yu. P. Chukova, Vitaly K. Koltover, Geetanjali Bansal, Uma Singh, M. P. Bansal, Kotoko Nakata, Tastuya Nakano, Tsuguchika Kaminuma, B. P. S. Kang, U. Singh, Bonn Kirn, Neja Potocnik, Vito Stare, Latal Shukla, V. Natarajan, T. P. A. Devasagayam, M. D. Sastry, P. C. Kesavan, R. Sayfutdinov, V. V. Adamovich, D. Yu. Rogozin, A. G. Degermendzhy, C. L. Khetrapal, G. A. Nagana Gowda, Kedar Nath Ghimire, Ishida Masaru, H. Fujita, S. Ishiwata, Y. Kishimoto, S. Kawahara, M. Suzuki, H. Mori, M. Mishina, Y. Kirino, H. Ohshima, A. S. Dukhin, V. N. Shilov, P. J. Goetz, and R. K. Mishra
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, biology, General Medicine, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Horseradish peroxidase, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 0104 chemical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Biochemistry, Manganese porphyrin, biology.protein, Enzyme reconstitution, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030304 developmental biology
Published: 1999
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28. Existence, stability and structure of a hexagonal phase doped with nanoparticles

Author: L. Ramos, R. Ober, and Pascale Fabre
Subjects: Materials science, Scattering, Small-angle X-ray scattering, business.industry, Hexagonal phase, Nanoparticle, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Optics, Chemical physics, Lyotropic, Magnetic nanoparticles, Particle size, Small-angle scattering, business
Abstract: We describe and study by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) a new type of hybrid system. It is composed of a swollen lyotropic hexagonal phase into the cylinders of which solid magnetic particles of nanometric size have been incorporated. It has been found to be stable for volume fractions of particles up to 2% provided the cylinders are sufficiently large. A unidimensionnal magnetic liquid is thus realized. The structural properties of this colloidal assembly have been investigated by SAXS, and the specific features of the scattering spectra are analysed and interpreted. One of the remarkable results is the evidence of depletion interactions between the particles and the inner walls of the cylinders inside which particles are located.
Published: 1998
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29. The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author: Mark W. Johnson, Bernard H. Doft, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Michael Barza, Louis A. Wilson, Charles C. Barr, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Andrew K. Vine, Barbara A. Blodi, Susan G. Elner, Laurie M. Jessup, Sharad Khanderia, Carl L. Pierson, Julie Willis, Frances McIver, Sally Stanley, Scott R. Sneed, Antonio Capone, Thomas M. Aaberg, Jennifer I. Lim, Paul Sternberg, Diana S. Coffman, Cameile N. Moore, Susanne K. Gardner, Frederick S. Nolte, Ann Fremstad, Deborah Gibbs, James Gilman, Ray Swords, H.Edith Aguilar, Travis A. Meredith, Vinod Lakhanpal, Faith D. Christian, A. Hood, Richard S. Schwalbe, Emery E. Billings, William Buie, James J. Mallonee, Mary Ann Millar, Sharon Verbeek, Peter A. Campochiaro, Carol B. Palardy, Lois Reynolds, James D. Dick, Dennis Cain, Donald J. D'Amico, Albert R. Frederick, Michael G. Morley, Richard D. Pesavento, Carmen A. Puliafito, Trexler M. Topping, Susan M. Finn, Laura A. Raymond, Ann Sullivan Baker, Barbara Paton, Claudia Evans, Jeffrey Napoli, Christine Kierman, Kathryn Makris, Tom McInnes, Wini T. Reidy, Ruth White, Richard A. Garfinkel, A.Raymond Pilkerton, Robert A. Frantz, Gill B. Abernathy, Jay G. Barbaccia, H.Russell Ensey, Carol A. Ormes, Choong H. Park, Joel Caplan, Kathryn Russell, Robert Toma, Kirk H. Packo, Serge de Bustros, Timothy P. Flood, Louis Glazer, Maggie DeAlba, Evangeline Evanich, Michael A. Montwill, Jeri J. Rothman, Gail Ruderman, Melodie Beard, William Landau, Min H. Shen, Martha Gordon, Sharon Graff, Kathy Kwiatkowski, Loreen Pappas, Douglas Bryant, Don Doherty, Frank Morini, Linda Arredondo, Bruce R. Garretson, Carlos Gerena, Maureen Hunt, Sharon M. Kinnaird, Toni Neri, Thomas A. Rice, Michael A. Novak, Pamela S. Rowe, Scott Jamieson, Deborah Newberry, Glenn R. Rech, Michael J. Dul, Livia Kinser, Krystyna Strozewski, Susan Clark-Rath, Marty DeLisio, David L. Dempsey, Donna Kukula, Anne Pinter-Smith, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Tracey Ludwig, Robert B. Chambers, Frederick H. Davidorf, Cindy S. Taylor, Karen N. Hale, William J. Buesching, Chhanda Chaudhuri, Nanci J. Cover, Gail R. Shortlidge, Michael J. Keating, Scott J. Savage, Paula Andrzejewska, Susan Cometet, Jill D. Milliron, Rob Richmond, Lori Schneider, Debra Weisenberger, Herbert L. Cantrill, Robert C. Ramsay, Amy B. Brallier, Timothy P. Johnson, Edith E. Rossing, Kathleen A. Knauth, Martha M. Monahan, Neal W. Oestreich, Kenneth F. Clark, Anita M. Glennen, David L. Yarian, Stuart N. Green, Steven R. Leff, Leo Masciulli, Margaret M. Lucido, Edward J. Ludwig, Charlotte L. Marano, Linda Peters, Kim Joho, Doris C. Volkert, Finn Andersen, Donna Coffey, Alex Schlosser, Ann Honeywell, Robert N. Mames, William T. Driebe, George A. Stern, Amye Francis, Z.Suzanne Zam, Rhonda Cooper, Darla Gaskins, Diana J. Shamis, Melinda Willingham, Kay Barker, Harry Rosa, Scott M. Friedman, Thomas W. Gardner, George W. Blankenship, Carole J. Coyle, Christopher J. Bero, Cindy Halas, Suzanne Schick, Jean Walker, Denise Cunningham, H.Michael Lambert, Pamela S. Clogston, Pamela M. Frady, S.Neal Gardner, Michael S. Osato, Louise Carr, James Shigley, Pedro F. Lopez, Lawrence P. Chong, Donald A. Frambach, Lupe CisnerosMargaret^Padilla, Edmond Ming Yee, Tamako Nakamura, A.Frances Walonker, Ronald Morales, Tracy Nichols, Maria E. Huete, Peter E. Liggett, Richard R. Ober, Beth Quillen-Thomas, Mark Williams, Steven M. Bloom, Pamela J. Greene, Greg K. Whittington, Mark E. Martin, Glen Watson, Betty Jenkins-Curry, Leigh A. Gilkey, Steven Huelsman, Dennis P. Han, Thomas C. Burton, William F. Mieler, Jose S. Pulido, Frederick H. Reeser, Janet L. Newman, Kathy A. Werner, Paul J. Pisarzewicz, Nina A. Reinerio, Mary Lee K. Walloch, Zuzana Wilmer, Jan Laabs, Ruth Picchiottino, Jim Phillips, Walter Wipplinger, Gary W. Abrams, Dale T. Jurkiewicz, Margaret L. Leet, Paul Mandel, Kim Metzger, Lori Suchla, Denise Zarling, Mark W. Balles, Edwin H. Ryan, William H. Knobloch, Sally M. Cook, Darlette G. Luke, Patricia Ferrieri, Norynne M. Schiminsky, Anne Genia, David A. Philiph, Elizabeth K. Stinson, Linda M. Wright, William C. McMichael, Sandy J. Mielke, Lisa J. Ponwith, Peter Reed Pavan, Scott E. Pautler, Marion L. Coats, Nancy M. Kirk, Sharon M. Millard, Frank C. Castellano, Charlotte R. Edwards, Angela Marquardt, Amy J. McCormack, Michael T. McCormick, Bernard Renshaw, Angela Restuccia, Monica Campbell, Nell Christopher, L.Scott Garrett, Demetrios G. Halkias, Kim Hothersall, Karen Mickler, Thomas S. Minnick, Cheryl Burr, Wyatt Saxon, Miguel A. Arcacha, Steve Carlton, Sonya K. Edison, Marc J. Mallis, Tamre L. Sayers, Thomas W. Sudds, Robert J. Tiberia, Sherry Wolabaugh, Reagan H. Bradford, David W. Parke, Thomas C. Wolf, Janie M. Shofner, Lee E. Tobey, Harold G. Jensen, Dinah Sanchez, Janie Shofner, Russell Burris, Kellie K. Drake, Kay R. Grissom, J.James Rowsey, Charles P. Wilkinson, Gary C. Brown, William E. Benson, Jay L. Federman, Alfred C. Lucier, Joseph I. Maguire, Lov K. Sarin, Eric P. Shakin, Arunan Sivalingam, William Tasman, James F. Vander, Nancy Ward, Clement A. Weisbecker, Caroline L. Agnew, Richard Lambert, Terrance Torner, Kathy Carlson, Gerrie Franchine, Michelle S. Serfass, Robert L. Bergren, Louis A. Lobes, Karl R. Olsen, Jeffrey S. Rinkoff, Donna J. Metz, Margaret N. Leonard, Lisa M. Karenchak, Regis P. Kowalski, Lynn A. Wellman, Linda A. Wilcox, Alan F. Campbell, David R. Steinberg, Gary L. Vagstad, Kimberly A. Flook, Mary M. Good, Beverly J. Keenen, Kim A. Mellinger, Raymond R. Margherio, Morton S. Cox, Patrick L. Murphy, Michael T. Trese, Jane C. Werner, George A. Williams, Patricia E. Manatrey, Janet L. Prote, Richard Lucarotti, Susan Martin, Jeff Band, Grace Bostic, Kristi Gumming, Beth Mitchell, Virginia S. Regan, Craig Bridges, Sam Cox, Gary Houston, John Johnson, Pat Streasik, Betty Wood, Mark S. Blumenkranz, Lisa Cayo, Virginia Kaye, Carmen Luz Valenzuela, Ira K. Orgel, Lon S. Poliner, Paul E. Tornambe, Sarah V. Cannon, Janet L. Nielsen, Anne Carlson, Pauline Chan, Lynne Drake, Martha Grim, Corky Peterson, Lynn A. Borg, Joann Gillyatt, Conny Beyer, Mark E. Hammer, W.Sanderson Grizzard, Theresa L. Shannon, Janet R. Traynom, Melinda J. Collado, Dennis W. McManus, Daniel E. Sweeney, Donald H. Adams, Thomas T. Watson, Michael V. Antworth, Johanna Glacy Araos, Mark A. Greenwald, Mohsen Habib, Sandra K. Myers, Karen M. Ockers, Judy-Ann Thibodeau, Brett Watkins, Philip T. Nelsen, J.Gregory Rosenthal, Fay V. Mintz, Michael Biedenbach, Nicholas J. Leonardy, Sue M. Lawniczak, Chuck Bork, George Hageage, Evelyn B. Hunter, MarLynn J. Marshall, Patricia Roman, Rick Hill, Thomas Hofbauer, Jack Lemanowicz, Howard P. Cupples, Gladys I. Guzman, Richard J. Brodeur, Donald Yee, Edward C. Delaha, Stanley L. Geyer, Stacey Slovis, William J. Shields, Susan Lauber, Karl Michelitsch, Aaron Kassoff, Sharon Watling, JoAnne C. Buehler, Jeffrey McVay, Gale K. Podobinski, Robert L. Sillett, Shirley Groer, Brian Avery, Steven H. Belle, James Boles, Linda Henry, Sarah J. Shema, Linda Titus-Emstoff, Matthew Davis, Yvonne L. Magli, Larry Hubbard, Suzanne Thomas, Donald F. Everett, Richard Mowery, Donald Everett, Kathryn Davis, Stanley Azen, Preston Covey, Brooks McCuen, Andrew Packer, and Jeffrey Robin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Vitrectomy, Intraocular lens, Eye infection, medicine.disease, Surgery, law.invention, Clinical trial, Ophthalmology, Endophthalmitis, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Complication, business
Abstract: Purpose: The authors determine if specific features of the clinical presentation of acute postoperative endophthalmitis correlate with the microbiologic culture results. Methods: A total of 420 patients who had clinical evidence of endophthalmitis within 6 weeks after cataract surgery or secondary intraocular lens implantation were evaluated as part of a randomized clinical trial. Results of cultures performed on aqueous and vitreous specimens obtained at presentation were categorized as follows: gram-positive coagulase-negative micrococci, "other" gram-positive, gram-negative, and equivocal/no growth. Results: Eleven features of the initial clinical presentation were associated with significant differences in the microbiologic spectrum ( P Conclusions: The presenting characteristics of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery may be helpful in predicting the most likely culture results. Such predictions do not appear sufficiently strong to guide the initial empiric choice of intravitreal antibiotics.
Published: 1997
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30. Swelling behavior and local topology of anL3(sponge) phase

Author: A. Maldonado, R. Ober, Wladimir Urbach, and D. Langevin
Subjects: Sponge, Nuclear magnetic resonance, biology, Chemical physics, Chemistry, Phase (matter), Local topology, medicine, Swelling, medicine.symptom, biology.organism_classification
Published: 1996
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31. Nonionic Surfactant Reverse Micelles of C12E4 in Dodecane: Temperature Dependence of Size and Shape

Author: M. Gindre, R. Ober, Marcel Waks, A. Merdas, C. Nicot, and Wladimir Urbach
Subjects: Phase transition, Ternary numeral system, Dodecane, General Engineering, Thermodynamics, Micelle, Light scattering, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, chemistry, Phase (matter), Lamellar structure, Microemulsion, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: We have determined the boundaries of the single-phase water-in-oil microemulsion region of a ternary system (tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether−dodecane−water) in the oil-rich corner of the phase diagram, as a function of water content and temperature. We have investigated the structures of reverse micelles at temperatures between the lamellar (LC) phase transition and the two-phase separation. Characterization studies have been carried out by dynamic quasi-elastic light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering as well as by viscosity measurements. It was found that a consistent interpretation of the experimental results requires the complementarity of the above techniques. At a constant water-to-surfactant molar ratio of 13.7, the emerging picture of the isotropic phase is that near the two-phase boundary, micelles behave as slightly solvated spheres of 52-A radius. With decreasing temperature and as the LC transition is approached, prolate aggregates, displaying an asymmetry of 6 ± 2 are formed a...
Published: 1996
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32. Polymer Confinement in Surfactant Bilayers of a Lyotropic Lamellar Phase

Author: Dominique Langevin, Françoise Lafuma, Wladimir Urbach, E.Z. Radlinska, Thaddée Gulik-Krzywicki, CE Williams, and R. Ober
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Lamellar phase, chemistry, Pulmonary surfactant, Lyotropic, General Physics and Astronomy, Polymer
Published: 1995
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33. Effect of a nucleating agent on lamellar growth in melt-crystallizing polyethylene oxide

Author: G. Di Marco, Marco Pieruccini, Francesco Aliotta, and R. Ober
Subjects: Materials science, Small-angle X-ray scattering, nucleant, Nucleation, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, SAXS, Calorimetry, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Isothermal process, statistical-mechanic, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Surface tension, Chemical engineering, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Molecule, Lamellar structure, Growth rate, calorimetry, polymers
Abstract: The effects of a (non co-crystallizing) nucleating agent on secondary nucleation rate and final lamellar thickness in isothermally melt-crystallizing polyethylene oxide are considered. SAXS reveals that lamellae formed in nucleated samples are thinner than in the pure samples crystallized at the same undercoolings. These results are in quantitative agreement with growth rate data obtained by calorimetry, and are interpreted as the effect of a local decrease of the basal surface tension, determined mainly by the nucleant molecules diffused out of the regions being about to crystallize. Quantitative agreement with a simple lattice model allows for some interpretation of the mechanism., Comment: submitted to Journal of Applied Physics (first version on 22 Apr 2002)
Published: 2003
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34. Intraocular lymphoma developing in a patient with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

Author: Dana Yuen, Aziz Khan, Narsing A. Rao, Richard R. Ober, and Jonathan Walker
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Lymphoma, B-Cell, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Azathioprine, Vitiligo, Fundus (eye), Retinal Diseases, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Immunosuppression, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Lymphoma, sense organs, Intraocular lymphoma, Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome, business, Poliosis, medicine.drug
Abstract: A 59-year-old Oriental male with chronic uveitis associated with vitiligo, poliosis, tinnitus and sunset glow fundus was diagnosed as having chronic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. He was treated successfully with steroids (systemic and sub-Tenon's) for two years, but then developed intractable vitritis and visual loss that worsened with the addition of azathioprine. A vitreous biopsy showed large B-cell lymphoma; a mass was also apparent in the subretinal space in the operated eye. Evaluation of the central nervous system was negative for lymphoma. Combined radiation treatment and chemotherapy resulted in dramatic resolution of the intraocular tumor. The possible role of immunosuppression in the development and progression of this tumor is discussed.
Published: 1994
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35. Residency interview video conferencing

Author: Richard R. Ober, Sirichai Pasadhika, Todd Altenbernd, Joseph M. Miller, and Erin M. Harvey
Subjects: Adult, Male, Multimedia, business.industry, MEDLINE, Internship and Residency, computer.software_genre, Interviews as Topic, Ophthalmology, Videoconferencing, Education, Medical, Graduate, Medicine, Humans, Female, business, Personnel Selection, computer
Published: 2011

36. Contributors

Author: Rick M. Arthur, Greg Baldwin, Lance H. Bassage, Andrew P. Bathe, Jill Beech, Scott D. Bennett, Philippe H. Benoit, William V. Bernard, Alicia L. Bertone, Jerry B. Black, James T. Blackford, Jeff A. Blea, Jane C. Boswell, Robert P. Boswell, Robert M. Bowker, Julia Brooks, Herbert J. Burns, John P. Caron, G. Kent Carter, Eddy R.J. Cauvin, Mark W. Cheney, Jennifer M. Cohen, Chris Colles, Simon N. Collins, Robin M. Dabareiner, Robert Andrew Dalglish, Elizabeth J. Davidson, Jean-Marie Denoix, Stephen P. Dey, Janet Douglas, Matthew Durham, David R. Ellis, Kristiina Ertola, Franco Ferrero, Lisa Fortier, David D. Frisbie, José M. García-López, Ronald L. Genovese, Howard E. Gill, Dallas O. Goble, Nancy L. Goodman, Barrie D. Grant, Kevin K. Haussler, Dan L. Hawkins, W. Theodore Hill, Jukka Houttu, Robert J. Hunt, Kjerstin M. Jacobs, Joan S. Jorgensen, Chris E. Kawcak, Kevin P. Keane, Kevin G. Keegan, John C. Kimmel, Simon Knapp, Svend E. Kold, John Maas, Benson B. Martin, Scott R. McClure, William H. McCormick, Andrew M. McDiarmid, Sue M. McDonnell, C. Wayne McIlwraith, P.J. McMahon, Rose M. McMurphy, Christopher (Kit) B. Miller, Martha M. Misheff, James B. Mitchell, John S. Mitchell, Richard D. Mitchell, Patrick J. Moloney, William A. Moyer, Graham Munroe, Rachel C. Murray, Alastair Nelson, Frank A. Nickels, Paul M. Nolan, David M. Nunamaker, Timothy R. Ober, Thomas P.S. Oliver, Gene Ovnicek, Joe D. Pagan, Eric J. Parente, Tim D.H. Parkin, Andrew H. Parks, Richard J. Piercy, Robert C. Pilsworth, Christopher C. Pollitt, Joanna Price, Sarah M. Puchalski, Norman W. Rantanen, Virginia B. Reef, Patrick T. Reilly, Dean W. Richardson, Mark C. Rick, Bradley S. Root, Alan J. Ruggles, Allen M. Schoen, Michael C. Schramme, Robert Sigafoos, Roger K.W. Smith, Van E. Snow, Sharon J. Spier, Vivian S. Stacy, James C. Sternberg, Anthony Stirk, Amanda Sutton, Alain P. Théon, Fabio Torre, Stephanie J. Valberg, Robert Joseph Van, John P. Walmsley, Tim Watson, Renate Weller, R. Chris Whitton, Jeffrey A. Williams, Alan Wilson, Paul Wollenman, and James Wood
Published: 2011
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37. Lameness in the Show Hunter and Show Jumper

Author: Robert P. Boswell., Christopher (Kit) B. Miller, Philippe H. Benoit, Richard D. Mitchell, Timothy R. Ober, and Sue J. Dyson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, business.industry, Lameness, Medicine, Jumper, business
Published: 2011
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38. Polymer in a lyotropic lamellar system: an experimental study

Author: M. Singh, R. Ober, and M. Kleman
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, Aqueous solution, Chemistry, Polyacrylamide, General Engineering, Polymer, Cetylpyridinium chloride, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, Liquid crystal, Lyotropic, Lamellar structure, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Hexanol
Abstract: Dilute solutions in brine of a neutral, flexible polymer, polyacrylamide (nonhydrolyzed), as the solvent of a quasi-ternary system containing CPCl (cetylpyridinium chloride), and hexanol were investigated. The phase diagram is not fundamentally modified by the addition of the polymer, but the polymer manifests its presence, specially in the more dilute samples, by a strong decrease of the interlamellar spacing of the L α phase.
Published: 1993
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39. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study of Nickel Colloids Stabilized by Long Chain Carboxylic Anions

Author: Y. Chauvin, H. Olivier, C. Depege, R. Ober, and D. Espinat
Subjects: Small-angle X-ray scattering, Scattering, Dispersity, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Colloid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, chemistry, Nickel(II) carbonate, Particle size
Abstract: This work consists of an application of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to the study of nickel colloids used, e.g., as homogeneous catalyst precursors in the petroleum industry. The elementary unit of these compounds is composed of micelles, the chemical composition of which has been analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Simulations of SAXS spectra with dilute or concentrated samples with different software and comparisons with experimental spectra make possible the determination of the size distribution and the interaction parameters. For very dilute samples SAXS results were compared with transmission electron microscopy analysis. Concentrated colloids have spherical particles with great polydispersity and with an average radius between 0.3 and 1 nm. On the other hand, in dilute solutions, micelles are gathered in small clusters due to high attractive interactions. These clusters are not detected in concentrated solutions because the micelles pile up in a quite regular network with hard core repulsion.
Published: 1993
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40. A combined anterior and posterior approach to cataract surgery in patients with chronic uveitis

Author: Peter E. Liggett, Richard R. Ober, Narsing A. Rao, Jonathan Walker, and Ronald E. Smith
Subjects: Adult, Pars plana, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Vitrectomy, Intraocular lens, Cataract Extraction, Posterior approach, Anterior Eye Segment, Ophthalmology, Edema, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Lenses, Intraocular, Postoperative Care, business.industry, Phacoemulsification, Pars Planitis, Cataract surgery, medicine.disease, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chronic Disease, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Uveitis
Abstract: Although several recent papers have focused on the results of cataract surgery in patients with uveitis, little has been published on specific surgical techniques that are most appropriate to such cases. We have found that a combined anterior and posterior approach using extracapsular techniques (usually phacoemulsification) and pars plana vitrectomy, with or without intraocular lens placement, is best suited for selected uveitis patients who have cataract, vitreous opacities, and cystoid macula edema. This paper discusses the surgical techniques that we have found to be best for the management of these cases.
Published: 1993
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41. The liver-resident immune cell repertoire - A boon or a bane during machine perfusion?

Author: M. Fodor, S. Salcher, H. Gottschling, A. Mair, M. Blumer, S. Sopper, S. Ebner, A. Pircher, R. Oberhuber, D. Wolf, S. Schneeberger, and T. Hautz
Subjects: liver transplantation, machine perfusion, liver-resident immune cells, immune activation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: The liver has been proposed as an important “immune organ” of the body, as it is critically involved in a variety of specific and unique immune tasks. It contains a huge resident immune cell repertoire, which determines the balance between tolerance and inflammation in the hepatic microenvironment. Liver-resident immune cells, populating the sinusoids and the space of Disse, include professional antigen-presenting cells, myeloid cells, as well as innate and adaptive lymphoid cell populations. Machine perfusion (MP) has emerged as an innovative technology to preserve organs ex vivo while testing for organ quality and function prior to transplantation. As for the liver, hypothermic and normothermic MP techniques have successfully been implemented in clinically routine, especially for the use of marginal donor livers. Although there is evidence that ischemia reperfusion injury-associated inflammation is reduced in machine-perfused livers, little is known whether MP impacts the quantity, activation state and function of the hepatic immune-cell repertoire, and how this affects the inflammatory milieu during MP. At this point, it remains even speculative if liver-resident immune cells primarily exert a pro-inflammatory and hence destructive effect on machine-perfused organs, or in part may be essential to induce liver regeneration and counteract liver damage. This review discusses the role of hepatic immune cell subtypes during inflammatory conditions and ischemia reperfusion injury in the context of liver transplantation. We further highlight the possible impact of MP on the modification of the immune cell repertoire and its potential for future applications and immune modulation of the liver.
Published: 2022
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42. ChemInform Abstract: (CdSe)ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Highly Luminescent Nanocrystallites

Author: Jason Heine, Klavs F. Jensen, Moungi G. Bawendi, R. Ober, Javier Rodríguez-Viejo, Hedi Mattoussi, F. V. Mikulec, and B. O. Dabbousi
Subjects: Core shell, Series (mathematics), Quantum dot, Chemistry, Nanotechnology, General Medicine, Luminescence, Characterization (materials science)
Published: 2010
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43. A small angle X-ray scattering investigation of the structure of a ternary water-in-oil microemulsion

Author: R. Ober, I.Ben Azouz, E. Nakache, and C.E. Williams
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Aggregation number, Chromatography, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Scattering, Chemistry, Xylene, General Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Microemulsion, Ternary operation, Micelle, Dilution
Abstract: A ternary water-in-oil microemulsion composed of xylene, water and a surface-active extractant, sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, was investigated by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and conductimetry. In order to decide between two possible interpretations of the SAXS data, i.e. evidence for the occurrence of highly polydisperse, independent droplets or of slightly polydisperse and interacting ones, the effects of temperature, water content, dilution and type of solvent were investigated. The scattering profiles were simulated using a log—normal size distribution and the mean spherical approximation (MSA) for the interactions. This led us to proposes model of slightly polydisperse and aggregated particles with a mean radius of about 1.4 nm. The addition of water swells the micelles while concentration and aggregation number remain constant. This then generates an aggregation phenomenon which was confirmed by conductimetry measurements. This investigation makes it possible to optimize the conditions for producing a microemulsion such as is often used in liquid—liquid extraction of metals.
Published: 1992
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44. Small angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) on calcium sulfonate dispersions: effects of friction on microstructure

Author: R Ober, M Pessah, M.F Morizur, T. Palermo, S Giasson, and D. Espinat
Subjects: Chemistry, Scattering, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Radius, Microstructure, Micelle, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Core (optical fiber), chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Calcium carbonate, Dispersion (chemistry)
Abstract: Overbased calcium sulfonates were investigated using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Different scattering intensity simulation and curve fitting programs were used to determine the sizes of the micelles and to characterize the interactions between them. SAXS results for diluted solutions were compared to electronic microscopy observations. The overbased calcium sulfonates appear as polydisperse micelles having an average calcium carbonate core radius of 2.0 nm with a standard deviation of 0.4 nm. In a concentrated system (33 wt% CaCO3), the micelles are subjected to steric repulsions. However, an attractive potential of less than kT between micelles diluted (11 wt% CaCO3) in a mineral oil has been obtained from the SAXS results. The 11 wt% CaCO3 dispersion was used to study the behavior of the overbased calcium sulfonates in friction experiments. Under severe friction conditions, a viscous deposit on the surfaces was recovered. According to the SAXS spectrum analysis, the viscous deposit contains more polydisperse particles (average micelle core radius of 2.2 nm with a standard deviation of 0.6 nm) which do not have same structure as those contained in the original additive. Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) shows the presence of highly crystalline calcite.
Published: 1992
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45. Light Scattering Study of Surfactant Multilayers Elasticity. Role of Incorporated Proteins

Author: Albrecht Ott, Dominique Langevin, R. Ober, Marcel Waks, and Wladimir Urbach
Subjects: Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Physics::Biological Physics, Materials science, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermal fluctuations, Light scattering, Basic myelin protein, Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Optics, Pulmonary surfactant, Chemical physics, Thermal, Lamellar structure, Elasticity (economics), business, Elastic modulus
Abstract: We have studied swollen lamellar phases into which the basic myelin protein can be incorporated. Lamellar spacing thermal fluctuations were analysed with quasi-elastic light scattering. The results are consistent with the existence of a strong steric repulsion between the bilayers due to the thermal undulations of these bilayers. They show that the bilayers bending elastic modulus is significantly increased by the presence of small amounts of the protein.
Published: 1990
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46. Smectic ferrofluid

Author: P. Fabre, R. Ober, M. Veyssie, and V. Cabuil
Subjects: Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 1990
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47. Conformation of comblike liquid-crystalline macromolecules

Author: Hedi Mattoussi and R. Ober
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Concentration effect, Inorganic Chemistry, Virial coefficient, Chemical physics, Liquid crystal, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Radius of gyration, Side chain, Anisotropy, Macromolecule
Published: 1990
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48. Retinopathy of Prematurity

Author: Richard R. Ober, Earl A. Palmer, Arlene V. Drack, and Kenneth W. Wright
Published: 2007
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49. Molecular origin of model membrane bending rigidity

Author: Marcel Waks, Nicolas Taulier, Erol Kurtisovski, R. Ober, and Wladimir Urbach
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Dodecane, Flexural modulus, Lipid Bilayers, General Physics and Astronomy, Membranes, Artificial, Mechanics, Elasticity, Membrane bending, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane, Optics, chemistry, Pulmonary surfactant, Models, Chemical, Monolayer, Lamellar structure, Small-angle scattering, business, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Abstract: The behavior of the bending modulus {kappa} of bilayers in lamellar phases was studied by Small Angle X-ray Scattering technique for various nonionic C{sub i}E{sub j} surfactants. The bilayers are either unswollen and dispersed in water or swollen by water and dispersed in dodecane. For unswollen bilayers, the values of {kappa} decrease with both an increase in the area per surfactant molecule and in the polar head length. They increase when the aliphatic chain length increases at constant area per surfactant molecule. Whereas for water-swollen membranes, the values of {kappa} decrease as the content of water increases converging to the value of the single monolayer bending modulus. Such a behavior results from the decoupling of the fluctuations of the two surfactant membrane monolayers. Our results emphasize the determinant contribution of the surfactant conformation to {kappa}.
Published: 2006

50. Presumed Candida endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: a case report and literature review

Author: Neeka G. Najmi, Richard R. Ober, and Huey-Fen Song
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Antifungal Agents, genetic structures, Fundus Oculi, Urinary system, medicine.medical_treatment, Antifungal drug, Visual Acuity, Administration, Oral, Vitrectomy, Amphotericin B, medicine, Humans, Candida albicans, Fluconazole, Aged, 80 and over, Endophthalmitis, biology, business.industry, Candidiasis, General Medicine, Dilated fundus examination, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, eye diseases, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Intraocular Infection, Urinary Tract Infections, Drug Therapy, Combination, business, Optometry, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) is a rare intraocular infection that has recently increased in incidence over the last few decades. The most common causative organism of endogenous endophthalmitis is Candida albicans. Treatment generally is initiated with an antifungal drug systemically and, depending on the ocular findings, may also include a vitrectomy with the injection of an intraocular antifungal agent. Specific predisposing factors may make a patient more at risk for development of an ocular infection. Case report We present a case of presumed Candida endogenous endophthalmitis in an 83-year-old white man with a Candida albicans urinary tract infection and describe the general characteristics, treatment, and management of this condition. Conclusion Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is a potentially blinding condition that can signal an underlying systemic infection. Without a dilated fundus examination in the presence of ocular inflammation, the condition easily can be misdiagnosed. Fungal infection may lead to retinal and vitreal lesions that can be visually debilitating if left untreated. Prognosis for visual outcome is dependent on timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment.
Published: 2006

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