Search

Equilibrium distribution data at 20° are presented for three ternary liquid systems having aliphatic amines as solutes. For the low range of solute concentrations considered, the distribution ratio for each system varies appreciably. This is shown to be due largely to the effect of partial dissociation of the solute amines in the aqueous phase, and the equilibrium data are correlated successfully from a consideration of this effect.

The permeation of polychlorotrifluoroethylene by nitric acid has been found to occur at a limited number of sites in the surface of the film. These sites have been detected using paper impregnated with a suitable indicator and also by microscopical examination; they were found to be randomly distributed and were mainly macro- or visible cracks. Counts have been made of the numbers and size distribution of the cracks. Infra-red spectrometry was used to investigate whether chemical reactions occurred between nitric acid and the fluorinated plastic film, but no evidence of chemical degradation products was found.

A description is given of the batch reactor employed to investigate the chemical reaction between hydrazine and oxygen in slightly alkaline aqueous solution. The results of the investigation are presented in graphical form, and an attempt has been made to interpret the data kinetically. It has been shown that the reaction is complex and is best described by an empirical rate equation.

New vapour–liquid equilibrium data have been obtained for the systems nitric acid–water and nitric acid–sulphuric acid–water and have been applied to the design of a column for the concentration of nitric acid by extractive distillation with sulphuric acid. The new data require an increase in the number of theoretical plates, and thus explain in part the present use of larger quantities of sulphuric acid than should be necessary in a column designed according to previously published data.

A three-constant conic equation is proposed for correlating and testing the consistency of nonideal and near-ideal binary vapour/liquid equilibrium data. The conic equation is based on the geometry of excess thermodynamic functions and the constants are simply related to the partial molal excess functions at infinite dilution and to the maximum value of the excess function.

The loading velocity is important in the design of packed distillation columns, and a correlation is presented for the prediction of such velocities for Raschig-ring and Berl-saddle packings. The equation is in the form: where UgL represents the loading velocity, S the specific surface of packing, F the voidage fraction, G the gas mass velocity, L the liquid mass velocity and g the gravitational constant.

TEL2 is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, which is highly similar to TEL1/ETV6. It binds to DNA via the ETS domain and interacts with itself or TEL1 via the pointed domain. The expression of TEL2 in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells suggests a role in hematopoietic development. In this article, we describe the role of TEL2 in hematopoietic differentiation and cellular transformation. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that the expression of TEL2 mRNA was down-regulated during monocytic differentiation of U937 and HL60 induced by 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, respectively. Overexpression of TEL2 in U937 cells inhibited differentiation induced by vitamin D3. In contrast, overexpression of a TEL2 mutant lacking either the pointed domain or a functional ETS domain induced both differentiation of U937 cells and inhibited their growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, these mutants blocked TEL2-mediated transcriptional repression of a synthetic promoter containing TEL2 binding sites. These data suggest that dominant-negative inhibition of TEL2 might cause differentiation. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that TEL2 is expressed at higher level in some primary human leukemia samples than in normal bone marrow. Furthermore, overexpression of TEL2 in NIH3T3-UCLA cells blocked the inhibitory effect of TEL1 on Ras-induced cellular transformation. These results suggest that TEL2 may play an important role in hematopoiesis and oncogenesis.

Mit den Erkrankungen des Kiefergelenkes und seinen verschiedenen Dys- und Malfunktionen beschaftigen sich Vertreter ganz unterschiedlicher medizinischer Fachrichtungen, wie Stomatologen/Kieferorthopaden, HNO-Arzte, Neurologen und Manualmediziner. Der vorliegende Artikel versucht das Wissen der genannten unterschiedlichen Disziplinen bezuglich dieses vieldiskutierten Problems zusammenzufassen. Das Verstandnis fur die temporomandibulare Dysfunktion und seine Behandlung beinhaltet die Moglichkeit einer erfolgreichen Therapie von so haufigen Beschwerden wie Kopfschmerz, Schwindel, Tinnitus und einigen Horstorungen.

Teleseismic events were recorded on an array of three-component broadband and short-period seismographs in the Trans-Hudson Orogen over a period of almost 3 years. Receiver functions calculated from these data were used in a forward-modelling study to derive the local shear-wave velocity structure beneath 20 stations. Station FFC (Flin Flon), located within the Flin Flon belt, was one of two stations situated on bedrock and produced the highest quality receiver functions. The FFC velocity model correlates well with an interpretation of nearby reflection data and features a distinct lower crust interpreted as Archean basement which cores the entire Reindeer Zone. Both radial and tangential receiver functions at FFC show strong evidence for a northeasterly dipping shallow boundary within rocks of the Flin Flon belt with a dip angle of 20°. Total crustal thickness is 37 km. Eighteen stations are situated on Phanerozoic sedimentary cover ranging in thickness from 0.4 km to greater than 2 km. Receiver functions at these stations display prominent high-amplitude, low-frequency reverberations that obscure more subtle phases associated with deeper structure. Because of this, only the gross crustal velocity structure can be constrained by modelling. Depth to Moho, which is 40-43 km at most stations, is the most strongly constrained feature. Stations with relatively thick crust within the Glennie domain suggest a connection between two regions of thick crust previously inferred from reflection and refraction data. This crustal root, presumably associated with a structural culmination imaged by reflection data and cored by Archean basement, is confined to the southwestern Glennie domain. One-dimensional modelling results show that the reverberations can be explained by a thin layer (

A brief review is presented of the classification of methods of separation and of the selection of the best method.

An equilibrium still, based on the Jones still has been developed to determine vapour-liquid equilibrium data at low pressures. Results are presented for the system 2-methylnaphthalene-n-decanol at 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm Hg abs. This system can be used for testing vacuum distillation columns operating at low pressures.

Thorakale Ruckenschmerzen treten haufig auf, aber viel seltener als zervikale oder lumbale. Paterson [9] fand von 1037 Fallen mit Ruckenschmerzen, die sich zunachst beim Hausarzt vorstellten, nur 21 im Brustwirbelsaulenbereich lokalisiert. Dagegen beobachteten Bruckner et al. [2] 73 solche Patienten in 3 Jahren in einem Uberweisungszentrum. Es findet sich diesbezuglich nur wenig Fachliteratur, wobei verschiedene Ursachen fur thorakale Ruckenschmerzen diskutiert werden: Einklemmung eines Nerven, Muskelverspannung, Triggerpunkte, von der unteren Halswirbelsaule projizierter Schmerz, thorakales Facettensyndrom, durch Bandscheiben bedingter Schmerz und psychogener Schmerz. Unser Ziel ist es, diese verschiedenen Schmerzursachen darzustellen und sie in Hinblick auf unsere eigenen Studien und Erfahrungen mit thorakalen Ruckenschmerzen zu diskutieren.

A summary is given of the work carried out under the LDRD project 09-ERD-025 entitled Scrape-Off-Layer Flow Studies in Tokamaks. This project has lead to implementation of the new prototype Fourier Transform Spectrometer edge plasma flow diagnostic on the DIII-D National Fusion Facility at General Atomics, acquisition of carbon impurity concentration and flow data, and demonstration that the resulting data compare reasonably well with LLNL's edge plasma transport code UEDGE. Details of the work are contained in attached published papers, while the most recent results that are being written-up for publication are summarized in the report. Boundary plasma flows in tokamak fusion devices are key in determining the distribution of fuel and impurity ions, with tritium build-up in the walls an especially critical operational issue. The intrusion of impurity ions to the hot plasma core region can result in serious energy-loss owing to line radiation. However, flow diagnostic capability has been severely limited in fusion-relevant hot edge plasmas where Langmuir-type probes cannot withstand the high heat flux and traditional Doppler spectroscopy has limited resolution and signal strength. Thus, new edge plasma flow diagnostic capabilities need to be developed that can be used in existing and future devices such as ITER. The understanding of such flows requires simulation with 2-dimensional transport codes owing to the geometrical complexity of the edge region in contact with material surfaces and the large number of interaction physical processes including plasma flow along and across the magnetic field, and coupling between impurity and neutral species. The characteristics of edge plasma flows are substantially affected by cross-magnetic-field drifts (ExB/B{sup 2} and BxVB/B{sup 2}), which are known to introduce substantial convergence difficulty for some cases. It is important that these difficulties be overcome so that drifts can be included in transport models, both for validation with existing data and for projection to future devices.

The Queen Charlotte Basin consists of up to 6 km of Tertiary clastic sediments in a complex sequence of fault-bounded subbasins. The tectonic evolution of the basin in still being debated, with recent interpretations including distributed strike-slip extension, oblique or en echelon rifting, simple extension orthogonal to the plate margin, and block faulting and vertical tectonics. A combined seismic reflection and refraction survey was carried out in 1988 to investigate the structure and tectonic evolution of the basin and underlying crust. While the marine multichannel reflection data were being collected, refracted and wide-angle reflected energy from the large air-gun array was recorded at surrounding land sites in both two-dimensional (in-line) and three-dimensional (broadside) geometries. The broadside refraction data recorded on the Queen Charlotte Islands provide good three-dimensional coverage of western Hecate Strait. These data are modelled to determine the three-dimensional structure of the Queen Charlotte Basin. The reflection data indicate that the sedimentary Queen Charlotte Basin beneath the shotpoints varies rapidly in thickness and is highly three-dimensional. First-arrival traveltimes from the broadside refraction data are inverted to find the three-dimensional structure of the basement interface beneath the shots and out of the planes of the reflection sections. A map of basement depth is derived for a region several kilometres wide adjacent to the reflection lines. Basin thickness varies rapidly between ~ 200 m and ~ 6 km. The model is consistent with the seismic reflection and potential field data sets. Although most of the basin is modelled as sediments overlying rocks with crustal velocities, a thick sequence of interbedded sedimentary and volcanic rocks is interpreted to underlie the shot lines in one region that lies east of the central Queen Charlotte Islands. Four major faults are also interpreted. These are based on sharp vertical relief of over 2 km on the map of basement depth. The orientation and topography across the faults and the small lateral scale and large topographic changes of the subbasins support the distributed strike-slip extension evolutionary model for the basin.

As part of a multidisciplinary investigation of the structure and tectonics of the Queen Charlotte Basin and underlying crust, deep multichannel seismic reflection and coincident crustal refraction data were collected in 1988. Energy from the reflection air-gun array source was recorded at land sites at offsets appropriate to record crustal refraction and wide-angle reflection data. Refraction data recorded in a broadside geometry provide good three-dimensional coverage of western Hecate Strait. These data are modelled using tomographic inversion techniques to determine the three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust in this region. The one-dimensional average velocity increases rapidly with depth to 6.5 km/s at 7 km depth. Velocities from 7 to at least 12 km depth remain approximately constant and are associated with rocks of the Wrangellia terrane. Significant lateral velocity variations, including large differences in near-surface velocities attributable to surface features, relatively low velocities representing interbedded Tertiary sediments and volcanics, and a deep high-velocity anomaly that may represent the root of an igneous intrusion, are mapped. Wide-angle reflections from the Moho are used to determine the thickness of the crust. The Moho is at 29 km depth beneath the east coast of the Queen Charlotte Islands. This is deeper than the Moho observed below Queen Charlotte Sound and as deep as, or deeper than, that below Hecate Strait. Crustal thinning during Tertiary extension was thus greatest beneath the surface expression of the Queen Charlotte Basin, leaving the crust under the islands considerably thicker than under the basin. In an alternate or additional explanation, compression at the continental margin during the last 4 Ma may have been taken up by thickening or underplating of the continental crust beneath the islands. If the Pacific plate is subducting beneath the islands, the Moho observations constrain the slab to dip greater than 20–26°.

A procedure has been developed to interpret densely sampled broadside seismic refraction data recorded from a large air gun array. First arrival travel times are inverted to find the structure on an interface beneath the shot line. Travel times are calculated for three-dimensional velocity models using a rapid finite difference algorithm, adapted to allow variable sampling of the model and the determination of rays. A simple inversion parameterization eliminates the need for matrix inversion. The complete inversion procedure is computationally rapid yet allows the determination of detailed three-dimensional structure. Broadside refraction data recorded in the Queen Charlotte Basin, offshore western Canada, during a multichannel reflection experiment are used to demonstrate the procedure. The data are inverted for the basement interface beneath the shot line, defining a rapidly varying thickness of sedimentary basin fill. The results of the inversion stimulate a reinterpretation of the reflection data and identify a new major basement fault. Structure out of the plane of the reflection section is determined, including the strike of the fault and other nearby features.

(1992). PCR for the Detection of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection: a Mixed Blessing. Annals of Medicine: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 215-219.

The oceanic-continental boundary west of the Queen Charlotte Islands is marked by the active Queen Charlotte Fault Zone. Motion along the fault is predominantly dextral strike slip, but relative plate motion and other studies indicate that a component of convergence between the oceanic Pacific plate and the continental North American plate presently exists. This convergence could be manifest through different types of deformation: oblique subduction, crustal thickening, or lateral distortion of the plates. In 1983, a 330 km offshore–onshore seismic refraction profile extending from the deep ocean across the islands to the mainland of British Columbia was recorded to investigate (i) structure of the fault zone and associated oceanic–continental boundary and (ii) lithospheric structure beneath the islands and Hecate Strait to define the regional transition from Pacific plate to North American plate and thus the nature of the convergence. Two-dimensional ray tracing and synthetic seismogram modelling of many record sections enabled the derivation of a composite velocity structural section along the profile. The structural section also was tested with two-dimensional gravity modelling. Part I of the study addressed the structure of the fault zone; part II addresses lithospheric structure extending eastward to the mainland.The derived velocity structure has some important and well-constrained features: (i) anomalously low crustal velocities (5.3 km/s with a 0.2 km/s per km gradient) underlain by a steep, 19 °eastward-dipping boundary above the mantle in the terrace region west of the main fault; (ii) a thin crust of 21–27 km beneath the Queen Charlotte Islands; and (iii) a gentle 4 °eastward dip of the Moho below Hecate Strait as crustal thickness increases from 27 km to 32 km. The gravity modelling requires that mantle material extend upwards to a depth of about 30 km below the mainland and indicates that an underlying subducted slab, if it exists, extends eastward no farther than the mainland.Unfortunately, the velocity structure delineated by this study could not unambiguously determine the mode of deformation, because the lowermost crustal block beneath Queen Charlotte Islands and Hecate Strait can be interpreted as subducted oceanic crust or middle to lower continental crust. Thus, two different tectonic models for the transition from Pacific plate to North American plate are discussed: in one, oblique subduction is the principal characteristic; in the other, oceanic lithosphere juxtaposed against continental lithosphere across a narrow boundary zone along which only transcurrent motion occurs is the dominant feature. Based on the thin crust beneath the Queen Charlotte Islands, the lack of a wide zone of deformation along the plate boundary region, and other geological and geophysical characteristics, oblique subduction is the more plausible model.

A seismic structural section across the southern Queen Charlotte transform fault zone, which separates the oceanic Pacific plate from the continental America plate off western Canada, has been determined from an offshore-onshore refraction experiment. Two explosion profiles, one parallel and one perpendicular to the fault strike, were recorded on three ocean bottom seismographs (OBS) and seven land-based seismographs (LBS). Assuming lateral homogeneity along the parallel profile recorded over oceanic crust at one OBS, one-dimensional amplitude modeling produced a velocity model with the characteristics of standard ocean crust. The partially reversed perpendicular profile recorded at two OBS's and one good quality LBS extended across the fault zone, which in bathymetric cross section shows two linear fault escarpments separated by a flat terrace. An initial velocity structure, provided by time term analysis of the complete data set, was modified by ray tracing until the travel time data for the three stations were satisfied by one seismic structural section. This model shows three distinctive crustal blocks (the oceanic, terrace, and continental blocks) separated by two major, crustally pervasive faults, the outer and inner Queen Charlotte faults. The rock units composing the terrace block have lower velocities at equivalent depths than those of the blocks on either side. This may have resulted from deformation associated with oblique convergence and/or the effects of a jump in the position of the active Queen Charlotte fault from its outer to inner positions about 1–0.5 Ma ago. Depth to the base of the crustal section increases from 12 to 18 km below sea level across the terrace transition zone, representing an eastward dip of about 20°. The seismic model, after conversion to a density model, agrees well with the gravity anomaly along the profile. The interpreted structural section is consistent with recent tectonic models that require a component of convergence along the transform fault zone.

Impoundment of McNaughton Lake was initiated on March 29, 1973 and full load of 25 × 109 m3 and maximum depth of 191 m were first achieved in August 1976. The reservoir lies principally in the Rocky Mountain Trench, a major structural boundary between the Rocky Mountain Thrust Belt to the east and the Eastern Metamorphic Belt to the west. Although the regional seismicity is moderate, with an average of about one earthquake with Richter magnitude ML ≥ 3.0 every 2 years in the period 1963–1972, a magnitude 6 earthquake occurred adjacent to the present reservoir site in 1918.A monitoring program initiated in January 1973 has located 212 earthquakes with M ≥ 1.5; the largest ML = 4.8. Most of the seismicity was confined to four sequences. The first swarm started prior to initiation of impoundment. The next two sequences occurred in the same area 17 km into the Rocky Mountains from the central section of the reservoir. The final sequence, consisting of the ML = 4.8 earthquake and its aftershocks, had a preferred epicentre 4 km east of the Rocky Mountain Trench near the northern section of the reservoir. Comparison of the characteristics of the earthquake sequences with data from reservoirs where seismicity has been induced indicates that the observed seismicity at McNaughton Lake is unlikely to have been induced.The regional seismicity pattern from 1973 to 1978 was similar to that of the historical record: distributed earthquakes in the Rocky Mountains and in the adjacent Monashee and Cariboo Mountains of the Eastern Metamorphic Belt, no earthquakes within the Rocky Mountain Trench, and the Selkirk Mountains continuing to be almost aseismic. Both the regional seismicity and swarms yield b values near 0.65. Inclusion of the historical data with the regional seismicity gives b = 0.74 ± 0.08.

An unreversed seismic refraction profile has been recorded in the southern Rocky Mountain Trench from 50°N to 53°N. Using blasts from two open-pit coal mines, 44 recordings were obtained over a distance of 540 km. These were combined into a record section in which instrument and shot variations were included to show amplitude variations along the profile. Interpretation involved Weichert-Herglotz integration of p-delta curves to obtain a velocity-depth structure and the calculation of synthetic seismograms for comparison with the record section. Refractors with apparent P-wave velocities of 6.5 to 6.6 km/sec and 8.22±0.04 km/sec are interpreted as the surface of the Precambrian basement and the Mohorovičić discontinuity, respectively. A prominent travel-time delay associated with the 6.5 km/sec branch is interpreted in two possible ways. One explanation is the existence of a crustal low-velocity zone beginning 3 km beneath the basement, depth of 6.5 km, and having a depth extent of 9 to 15 km with associated velocities of 5.5 to 6.1 km/sec, respectively. The second interpretation proposes a high-angle crustal fault near Radium. The resultant model has an up-fault structure with depth to basement of 6.5 km and depth to the M-discontinuity of 51 km and a down-fault structure with corresponding values of 12.1 and 58 km. On the basis of gravity and magnetic trends, the fault strikes northeasterly. In either interpretation, a velocity gradient is present in the lower crustal section and the thickness of the crust is in excess of 50 km. Analysis of larger amplitude arrivals shortly after the Pn phase is consistent with the interpretation of a low-velocity zone, 8 km beneath the M-discontinuity and approximately 7 km thick.

A partially reversed seismic refraction profile utilizing mine blasts as sources was recorded across southern British Columbia from Sparwood to the Highland Valley. The westwardly directed profile consisted of 32 short period seismograms covering 440 km, while the reversed line extended 330 km with 41 seismograms. From a starting model based on first arrival times and previous geological and geophysical data, a seismic structural section is developed using both synthetic seismograms and a program for ray tracing through inhomogeneous media.The refraction data indicate that the M-discontinuity dips to the east from an approximate depth of 30 km east of the Highland Valley to in excess of 40 km beneath the Purcell Anticlinorium. Undulations of about 165 km wavelength and several kilometres amplitude characterize the crust–mantle boundary. The Pn velocity is 7.8 km/s. Above the M-discontinuity, secondary arrivals are interpreted to be from a lower crustal layer of thickness near 12 km and velocity 6.9 km/s. The upper boundary of this layer also dips gently to the east.The seismic structure of the upper crust correlates closely with the regional geology as evidenced by traveltime and amplitude anomalies where the profile crosses the Rocky Mountain Trench and the Interior Plateau – Eastern Metamorphic Belt boundaries. The crustal P and S phases in the Interior Plateau yield a relatively low value of Poisson's ratio of 0.23. The detailed data close to the Highland Valley indicate significant velocity heterogeneity. For the Guichon Creek batholith, the inner Bethlehem phase is found to have a higher velocity than the surrounding Highland Valley phase.

An Oldershaw column has been operated with two negative systems; ethylene dichloride/toluene, and ethylene dichloride/224 trimethylpentane. The difference in surface tension between ethylene dichloride and toluene at 90°C. is about one-seventh of the difference between ethylene dichloride and 224 trimethylpentane at the same temperature. It is shown that this surface tension difference does not significantly effect the overall performance of a perforated plate column. Photographs taken show no apparent change in foam structure for the two systems at all boil up rates. Vapor-liquid equilibrium data has been determined for the system ethylene dichloride/224 trimethylpentane at 750 mm. mercury pressure. There is an azeotrope of composition, 77.0 mole % ethylene dichloride.

A method is proposed for determining the relative number of solute gas and liquid phase transfer units by vaporising the solute and the solvent into air, and so using the relevant mass transfer data for the solvent to minimise differences in operating conditions on the measured value for mass transfer of the solute. Experimental solute NOG and solvent NG values are determined from the amount of solute and solvent vaporised together into air from a low solute concentration in the liquid solvent. The NG of the solvent is used to calculate NG for the solute, and then, knowing NOG, to calculate NL for the solute. This method allows for variations in foam structure in different systems and gives more accurate NG and NL solute values than those calculated from water vaporisation and oxygen desorption experiments. NG and NL results are presented for the solutes methyl alcohol and acetone in the solvents water and carbon tetrachloride from vaporisation experiments in a 4″ diameter sieve tray column.

Classical investigation into the function and control of the heart has been conducted on anesthetized open-chested dogs. Unfortunately, both the anesthetics and the exposure of the heart affect cardiac function. Hence, more realistic information would be obtained if the heart could be studied in intact conscious animals. A system has been developed to make possible continuous analysis of the action of the heart in the healthy unanesthetized dog during its spontaneous activities. This system involves the continuous measurement of the pressure within the chambers of the heart, the size of these chambers, and the flow of blood out of the heart. Heart rate, stroke volume, average blood flow, effective cardiac power and work, and other information are continuously derived from the directly-measured parameters by means of analog computers. Several new instruments were developed to solve the problems unique to measurement in an intact animal. The dimensions of the heart chamber are obtained by measuring the transit time of pulsed sound passing across the chamber. Blood flow is measured by comparing the upstream and downstream transit times of bursts of sound passing through the moving blood. An isothermal flow meter utilizing a tiny thermistor on the tip of a catheter provides an alternate measure of flow. A miniature, differential transformer type of pressure transducer was developed for measuring pressure within a heart chamber. The system provides a means by which hypotheses regarding cardiovascular function and control may be rapidly and accurately evaluated.

Previous seismic studies of crustal structure using short-period P-coda recorded in the vicinity of Leduc in central Alberta have indicated that serious discrepancies exist between the experimental observations and those based on a horizontally layered model of the crust in both the time and frequency domains.Using vertical-radial spectral ratios and synthetic seismograms, a modified crustal model has been derived which gives better agreement between experimental and theoretical results. This model involves the insertion of a layer several kilometers thick having large velocity contrast with respect to the surrounding media at the base of the Precambrian basement (12 km deep). The new crustal model is discussed in the light of evidence for a low velocity zone in the upper crust in certain continental regions.

The type of surface of the perforated plate influences the performance of a perforated-plate column. Pilot plant data on a 4-in column for the system toluenediethylamine-water at 20°C. show that when the water phase is dispersed and the direction of mass transfer is from the continuous toluene to the dispersed water phase polyethylene plates give a continuous stream of droplets and a higher efficiency, but that when the direction of mass transfer is from the dispersed water to the continuous toluene phase the metal plates give the higher efficiency.

Crystalline human insulin was prepared from human pancreas glands in relatively large amounts employing acid-ethanol extraction, fractional precipitation with salts and organic solvents, gel filtration, and crystallization from ammonium acetate buffer. The crystalline insulin had a potency of about 25 International Units per milligram. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the material consisted of a major component and several minor components similar to those usually observed in insulins derived from other species. Amino acid analyses of the crystalline material were consistent with the structure proposed for human insulin by Nicol and Smith.

The method of L. B. Slichter (1955) for optimizing prospecting plans in cases where geological information is meager has been extended to take account of a number of additional factors. These include non‐random distribution of ore in plan, non‐random distribution in depth and finite thickness of ore bodies. Involved is the problem of overlap of ore bodies which appears to be of minor importance in most practical circumstances. Evaluation of maximum profit ratios (or net profits) indicate that the new factors make significant changes from the results predicted by the simpler treatment and thereby justify the additional complication. It appears that in many practical problems digital computing facilities could be used to advantage to accelerate problem solution.

Spectral studies of a number of micropulsation ≪pearl≫ records are described. In particular, polarization, recurrence tendency, phase modulation and bandwidth were determined. Although each of the five records studied showed some tendency for pearls to recur, this tendency appears to depend inversely on magnetic activity. Bandwidth to frequency ratios are comparable to those observed byHolmberg in pulsations having periods of 20 seconds and 70 seconds.

Determination of the phase response of a minimum-phase seismic system directly from the amplitude response by the Hilbert transform is investigated. The error by this technique is found to be less than 2° with the major source of inaccuracy being the uncertainties in the amplitude data. This technique is useful for rapid determination of the phase response if the amplitude response is known.

Elastic wave propagation in a horizontally-multilayered crust has been formulated in terms of linear systems theory. Exact linear system models, considering all possible internal reverberations, have been obtained for plane compressional and rotational waves incident at the base of a horizonally layered elastic medium. The linear system has been analyzed using Laplace and Fourier transform techniques. The Fourier transform solution corresponds to the Haskell matrix solution in terms of the elastic wave equations. The method has been extended to analyze the effects of attenuation within the crustal layers. (Author)

The linear systems theory for elastic wave propagation in a multilayered crust has been extended to time domain solutions. Attenuation is specifically included. This direct time domain approach allows the computation of synthetic seismograms for P or SV waveforms incident at an arbitrary angle at the base of the crustal section. To demonstrate the utility of the technique, seismograms are computed for various conditions and comparisons made with teleseismic events recorded in central Alberta.