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Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation project. Background Appropriate nutrition and physical activity (PA) are essential for the management of a large number of non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, our lifestyle is characterized by an irregular and often poorly balanced dietary pattern and insufficient PA. Purpose The digital health application PROTEIN, which was developed within the framework of H2020 Research and Innovation project PROTEIN, aims to engage people in a healthy, nutritionally sound and active life. To obtain information on the acceptability, usability, and feasibility as well as preliminary effectiveness, pilot trials are being conducted in various countries. Results from these pilots aim to guide the further development of personalized nutrition applications. Methods A prospective pilot study was implemented between May-October 2022. Participant attitudes and beliefs about their diet and PA were assessed by means of the readiness to change questionnaire. Their habits, including smoking, diet (MEDAS), alcohol consumption, (AUDIT) and PA (IPAQ) were evaluated at baseline and follow-up. The usability and feasibility were evaluated by the System Usability (SUS) and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). A general profile of the participants was assessed, as well as their attitudes and beliefs around their lifestyle. Results Fifty participants were included (women, n=30), 27 of them being overweight or diagnosed with obesity and 23 patients with CVD. On average, age was 49.9 years (19-76) and BMI was 32.3 (16.7–45.3). 40.4% of the participants believed they were PA enough, 42.9% thought they were not. 74% were motivated to become more active. Almost half of the patients (47.6%) were convinced already enjoying a healthy diet, 33.3% were not sure and 19.1% reported they were not. The majority (81%) were motivated to eat healthier. Results from MEDAS show an increase in the intake of vegetables, fruit, legumes and nuts. A decrease was observed in the consumption of meat, butter and candy. (Table 1) 70% reported being highly active at baseline, 21% and 9% reported being medium and low active respectively. Of the patients filling in all the questionnaires (n=25), 20% reported an increase in PA, 70% maintained their PA level and 8% reported a decrease. Results from the SUS showed that most of the participants found the app orderly (64%), attractive (63%) and congenial (76%). However, participants reported to find the app unnecessarily complex (60%), counterintuitive (48%) or cumbersome (68%). Conclusion Participants were motivated to change their lifestyle towards a healthier one. Despite this, a drop-out rate of 41.8% was observed. Users that completed the intervention experienced a positive effect on the maintenance or progress of their PA or diet-behaviour. Currently, it seems that the PROTEIN application is too complex to be user-friendly. There is need to adjust the functionality of the app according to the feedback from users to ensure an optimal impact on their lifestyles.

We study the performance of a hot-electron bolometer (HEB) operating at THz frequencies based on superconducting niobium nitride films. We report on the voltage response of the detector over a large electrical detection bandwidth carried out with different THz sources. We show that the impulse response of the fully packaged HEB at 7.5 K has a 3 dB cutoff around 2 GHz. Remarkably, detection capability is still observed above 30 GHz in an heterodyne beating experiment using a THz quantum cascade laser frequency comb. Additionally, the HEB sensitivity has been evaluated and an optical noise equivalent power NEP of 0.8 pW/√Hz has been measured at 1 MHz.

We measure the maximal distance at which two absorbed photons can jointly trigger a detection event in NbN nanowire superconducting single photon detector microbridges by comparing the one-photon and two-photon efficiencies of bridges of different overall lengths, from 0 to 400 nm. We find a length of 23 ± 2 nm. This value is in good agreement with the size of the quasiparticle cloud at the time of the detection event.Nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs)1 are a crucial technology for a variety of applications.2 These devices consist of a thin superconducting film which detects photons when biased to a significant fraction of its critical current. Although details of the microscopic mechanism are still in dispute,3 the present understanding of this process in Niobium Nitride (NbN) SSPDs is as follows:4–13 after the absorption of a photon, a cloud of quasiparticles is created, which is known as a hotspot. This cloud diffuses, spreading out over some area of the wire. This causes the redistribution of bias current, which unbinds a vortex from the edge of the wire, if the applied bias current is such that the current for vortex entry is exceeded. The transition of a vortex across the wire creates a normal-state region, which grows under the influence of Joule heating from the bias current, leading to a voltage pulse and a detection event.14

The growing complexity of integrated quantum optics experiments requires the simultaneous readout of an increasing number of optical mode, hence integrated detectors. Amplitude-multiplexing scheme allows the reading of tens of SNSPDs using only one coaxial-cable.

Objective: Treatment of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) after trauma needs a complex physical and medical therapy, according of the stage of condition. The patient with trauma is coming to rehabilitation department, after surgery treatment. The aim of our study is to represent the effect of complexity physical therapy and medical support in treatment of patients with CRPS with evaluation of decrease of pain and increase of function in affected region.Method: we are treating 35 patients overage 35-70 years with 2 including criteria, clinical reaction of CRPS and radiologicalchanges of osteoporosis. Medication includes non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricycle antidepressants, vasoactive drugs and calcitonin. Physical therapy is consisting of electro therapy, sonophoresis and paraffin.Results: The evaluation was made with observation and measurement of pain, swelling and color of skin and movements of the joint.Conclusion: the goodness of the condition with whole time of rehabilitation 3-6 months was significant p < 0.01.

The generation, manipulation and detection of quantum bits (qubits) encoded on single photons is at the heart of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing. The combination of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits and single-photon detectors enables quantum repeaters and qubit amplifiers, and also forms the basis of all-optical quantum gates and of linear-optics quantum computing. However, the monolithic integration of sources, waveguides and detectors on the same chip, as needed for scaling to meaningful number of qubits, is very challenging, and previous work on quantum photonic circuits has used external sources and detectors. Here we propose an approach to a fully-integrated quantum photonic circuit on a semiconductor chip, and demonstrate a key component of such circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (60 ps), response time in the ns range, and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks and modulators.

Six years after the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption, deep erosion incisions into the pyroclastic deposits accumulated around the volcano enabled us to investigate the stratigraphy of the climactic deposits both in valley bottoms and on contiguous ridges. Stratigraphic relationships between fall, flow, and surge deposits in the Marella drainage system indicate that during the climactic eruption a progressive shift occurred from an early convective regime, to a transitional regime feeding both the plinian convective column and mostly dilute density currents, to a fully collapsing regime producing mostly dense pyroclastic flows. Syn-plinian dilute density currents (surges) propagated up to ~10 km from the crater, both along valley bottoms and on contiguous ridges of the Marella Valley, whereas post-plinian pyroclastic flows had greater runout (~13 km), were confined to valleys and were not associated with significant surges. Stratigraphic study and grain-size analyses allow the identification of three types of intra-plinian deposits: (a) lower and often coarse-grained surge deposits, emplaced during the accumulation of the coarsest portion of the fallout bed at time intervals of ~16–24 min; (b) upper fine-grained surge deposits, interstratified with the fine-grained portion of the fall bed and emplaced at shorter time intervals of ~3–13 min; and (c) small-volume, channel-confined, massive pumiceous flow deposits interbedded with the upper surges in the upper fine-grained fall bed. Maximum clast size isopleths of 1.6 and 0.8 cm for lithics (ML) and 2.0 and 4.0 cm for pumices (MP) show almost symmetrical distribution around the vent, indicating that the passing of the typhoon Yunya during the climactic eruption had little effect on trajectories of high-Reynold-number clasts. Significant distortion was, however, observed for the 3.2-cm ML and 6.0-cm MP proximal isopleths, whose patterns were probably influenced by the interaction of the clasts falling from column margins with the uprising co-ignimbrite ash plumes. Application of the Carey and Sparks (1986) model to the undisturbed isopleths generated by the umbrella cloud yields a maximum column height of ~42 km, in good agreement with satellite measurements. Systematic stratigraphic and vertical grain-size studies of the plinian fall deposit in the Marella Valley, combined with satellite data and eyewitness accounts, reveal that the carrying capacity of the convective column and related fallout activity peaked in the early phase of the eruption, beginning slightly before 13:41 and gradually declined until its cessation 3 h later. Most of the pumiceous pyroclastic flow deposits were emplaced after the end of the fallout activity at ~16:30 but before the summit caldera collapse at approximately 19:11. Only a small volume of pumiceous flow deposits accumulated after the final caldera collapse. In contrast to the previous reconstruction of Holasek et al. (1996), which interpreted the progressive lowering of the column, documented by satellite data, as due to a decreasing mass eruption rate, we suggest that a progressive shift from a plinian column to a large co-ignimbrite column could also account for such a variation.

We fabricated strongly confined Schottky-gated quantum point contacts by etching Si/SiGe heterostructures and observed intriguing conductance quantization in units of approximately 1e2/h. Non-linear conductance measurements were performed depleting the quantum point contacts at fixed mode-energy separation. We report evidences of the formation of a half 1e2/h plateau, supporting the speculation that adiabatic transmission occurs through 1D modes with complete removal of valley and spin degeneracies., Comment: to appear in Physical Review B

Sustainable development is based on three pillars, economic, social and environmental development. Sustainable products can be developed only by companies that grow on these pillars, but in building sustainability is often identified only with the reduction of dangerous synthetic substances. From this point of view, the efforts of the construction chemicals industry have focused on reducing emissions, dust and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), replacing, if technically possible, the most dangerous components, such as formaldehyde, phthalates, and chlorinated or aromatic solvents, and developing water-borne products with very low VOC emissions. Differences in the definition of VOC and in the methods of measurement of emissions, however, make it difficult to choose the safest product and grows in the construction industry the need to reference trusted standards and product certifications to guarantee users. At present, products labeled "bio", "eco" or "solvent free" do not necessarily mean safe products.

The neutral sensor ELENA (Emitted Low-Energy Neutral Atoms) for the ESA cornerstone BepiColombo mission to Mercury (in the SERENA instrument package) is a new kind of low energetic neutral atoms instrument, mostly devoted to sputtering emission from planetary surfaces, from E ~20 eV up to E~5 keV, within 1-D (2x76 deg). ELENA is a Time-of-Flight (TOF) system, based on oscillating shutter (operated at frequencies up to a 100 kHz) and mechanical gratings: the incoming neutral particles directly impinge upon the entrance with a definite timing (START) and arrive to a STOP detector after a flight path. After a brief dissertation on the achievable scientific objectives, this paper describes the instrument, with the new design techniques approached for the neutral particles identification and the nano-techniques used for designing and manufacturing the nano-structure shuttering core of the ELENA sensor. The expected count-rates, based on the Hermean environment features, are shortly presented and discussed. Such design technologies could be fruitfully exported to different applications for planetary exploration., 11 pages

A superconducting bolometer with an on-chip lithographic terahertz antenna has been illuminated by two quantum cascade lasers operating at 2.5 and 4.4 THz. The detector displays a 1.2 s time constant, a noise equivalent power of 20 fW/Hz1/2 and a 60 dB dynamic range. We fabricated a monolithic prototype detector array of five elements. This scalable detector is a suitable candidate for terahertz spectroscopic imaging systems, as it can measure both full illuminator power and strongly attenuated or diffuse reflected signals in subsequent frames.

We demonstrate high-performance nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) on bN thin films grown at a temperature compatible with monolithic integration. NbN films ranging from 150nm to 3nm in thickness were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on MgO substrates at 400oC. SSPDs were fabricated on high quality NbN films of different thickness (7 to 3nm) deposited under optimal conditions. Electrical and optical characterizations were performed on the SSPDs. The highest QE value measured at 4.2K is 20% at 1300nm.

Neutral hydrogen atoms, which give rise to the prominent so lar Ly-alpha corona, are closely coup led to the emerging solar-wind plasma. The density ratio of neutral hydrogen to protons is minute, ~10-6; therefore, the neutral atoms are tracers in the solar wind. In-situ observations of the neutral atoms, their flight paths (imag ing), density, and velocity distribu tions are a new tool to the understanding of the Ly-alpha corona, i.e. setting limits on the plasma velocity distribution along the solar magnetic field lines. The other goal of the neutral solar- wind instrumentation is the in-situ observation of the interactions between solar wind plasma and dust grains near the Sun. We will discuss the science objectives and the potential "zero charge" solar-wind instrument envelope onboard Solar Orbiter.

Seat belts have dramatically reduced the severity of traumas in car accidents. On the other hand, specific lesions have appeared, related to seat belt use. These lesions are defined as "seat belt syndrome". The Authors describe an intestinal medio-ileal perforation due to seat belts in a child.

An rf-SQUID under appropriate temperature and bias conditions can be used to perform tests on macroscopic quantum coherence, or as a qubit element for quantum computing. For both these purposes it is necessary a readout system allowing to discriminate stroboscopically the rfSQUID state with high fidelity. This task can be performed by means of a hysteretic dc-SQUID inductively coupled to the rf-SQUID and turned on by a fast bias current pulse. We have proposed and realized an integrated system where all the devices, the rf-SQUID, the hysteretic dc-SQUID, and a SQUID magnetometer are on the same chip. This system can perform single-shot detection of the rf-SQUID state with a fidelity better than 98%. The rf-SQUID has been coupled to a high-frequency line working in the microwave region (2–26 GHz), and has been tested and characterized from 4.2 K to the mK region of temperatures.

The benzyl alcohol emissions from a two-component epoxy paint were studied in a 30 litres laboratory test chamber and in a 30 cubic meters real scale test system. The real scale measures were done in a test system realized with concrete and finished with gypsum. The laboratory scale experiments were done in a glass chamber with minimized sink an in another chamber simulating the walls and ceiling sink with gypsum surfaces. The laboratory scale experiment without sink demonstrates a high emission rate during the first hours, and a quick abatement of the emission after the polymerization. The simulated sink laboratory experiments demonstrate lower concentrations during the first hours and higher concentrations after the sample polymerization, due to the secondary emissions from gypsum surfaces. In the real scale experiments however the release effects from walls was were not observed, possibly due to a permeation through the walls under the gypsum layer.

A superconducting single electron transistor, based on aluminum electrodes, was fabricated and studied. The characterization was made by measuring both the transport properties as a function of temperature and the noise performance. As a result, we observed modulation of the transfer characteristics up to 1.4K and we measured a charge sensitivity of 3.8 10-4 e/√Hz at 10 Hz and 0.3 K.