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1. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results—development of integrated operating scenarios for ITER

Author

F. Serra, R. Pugno, S. Klose, A. Herrmann, B. Kurzan, K. Mank, R. Narayanan, Garrard Conway, E. Würsching, O. Gehre, Q. Yu, P. Merkel, U. Seidel, R. Kochergov, T. Eich, K. Krieger, A. Bergmann, M. G. Pacco-Düchs, F. Ryter, C. F. Maggi, M. Balden, P. Martin, R. Riedl, Philipp Lauber, Frank Jenko, I. Radivojevic, L. Giannone, M. Maraschek, B. Zaniol, G. Haas, A. Mück, Gerhard Raupp, C. Tichmann, R. Merkel, H. F. Meyer, E. Strumberger, Martin Jakobi, D. Zasche, G. Becker, M. Garcia Munoz, K. Lackner, Y.P. Chen, W. Sandmann, O. J. W. F. Kardaun, K.-H. Steuer, Analiza M. Silva, F. Braun, A. G. Peeters, O. Gruber, F. Leuterer, A. Lyssoivan, W. Suttrop, A. Kallenbach, V. Mertens, K. K. Kirov, Bruce D. Scott, F. Wesner, Y.-S. Na, M. Münich, E. Quigley, C. Angioni, R. Lorenzini, Ivan Bizyukov, Michael Kaufmann, S. Kálvin, H. P. Zehrfeld, K.H. Behringer, W. Becker, Yasutaro Nishimura, A. Carlson, Daisuke Nishijima, M. Mayer, Hajime Urano, S. Cirant, A. Manini, T. Ribeiro, D. Borba, K. Engelhardt, B. Streibl, Junghee Kim, K. Dimova, H. Meister, M. Troppmann, S. Saarelma, Ursel Fantz, J. Hobirk, S. D. Pinches, F. Monaco, Emanuele Poli, Sheena Menmuir, Marco Brambilla, W. Kraus, A. Geier, H. Maier, S. Schweizer, G. Schramm, D. Merkl, S. W. Yoon, R. Neu, E. Speth, R. Bilato, A. V. Chankin, Thomas Zehetbauer, M. Tsalas, Julia Fuchs, M. Huart, J. Gafert, Fernando Meo, Alexander Kendl, T. Bolzonella, R. Drube, R. Dux, G. Tardini, K. Borrass, B. Heger, G. Pautasso, H. D. Murmann, Th. Pütterich, J. Chen, D. Meisel, K. Behler, J. Schirmer, V. Rohde, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, A. Lohs, G. Gantenbein, K. F. Mast, C. V. Atanasiu, G. Schall, A. Stäbler, A. Buhler, H. W. Müller, P. Varela, D. Strintzi, V. Bobkov, K. Gal, A. C. C. Sips, A. Jacchia, H. Kollotzek, Peter Lang, J. M. Santos, W. Treutterer, M. Apostoliceanu, M. Zilker, J. Neuhauser, M. Reich, P. Franzen, Tilman Dannert, J. Roth, H.-U. Fahrbach, Bernd Heinemann, M. E. Manso, D. A. Hartmann, C. Sihler, J. Stober, L. Fattorini, Isabel L. Nunes, H. Zohm, M. Kick, D. Wagner, A. Keller, Martin Laux, Jari Likonen, Taina Kurki-Suonio, E. Posthumus-Wolfrum, D. P. Coster, J. Schweinzer, G. Kocsis, M. Y. Ye, H. Hohenöcker, H. B. Schilling, C. Konz, P. Mantica, V. Igochine, G. Neu, Sibylle Günter, G. V. Pereverzev, L. D. Horton, Patrick J. McCarthy, M. Foley, A. Lorenz, and J.-M. Noterdaeme

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, Automatic frequency control, fusion reactors, Electron, Parameter space, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle transport, Electron cyclotron resonance, 010305 fluids & plasmas, ASDEX Upgrade, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, plasma, Magnetic confinement fusion, Condensed Matter Physics, fusion energy, ___, JET, Atomic physics, Control methods
Abstract

Significant progress has been made on ASDEX Upgrade during the last two years in the basic understanding of transport, in the extension of the improved H-mode in parameter space and towards an integrated operating scenario and in the development of control methods for major performance limiting instabilities. The important features were the understanding of particle transport and the control of impurity accumulation based on it, the satisfactory operation with predominantly tungsten-clad walls, the improved H-mode operation over density ranges and for temperature ratios covering (non-simultaneously) the ITER requirements on ν*, n/nGW and Te/Ti, the ELM frequency control by pellet injection and the optimization of NTM suppression by DC-ECCD through variation of the launching angle. From these experiments an integrated scenario has emerged which extrapolates to a 50% improvement in n T τ or a 30% reduction of the required current when compared with the ITER base-line assumptions, with moderately peaked electron and controllable high-Z density profiles.

Published
2005
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2. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author

O. Gruber, R. Arslanbekov, C. Atanasiu, A. Bard, G. Becker, W. Becker, M. Beckmann, K. Behler, K. Behringer, A. Bergmann, R. Bilato, D. Bolshukin, K. Borrass, H.-S. Bosch, B. Braams, M. Brambilla, R. Brandenburg, F. Braun, H. Brinkschulte, R. Brückner, B. Brüsehaber, K. Büchl, A. Buhler, H. Bürbaumer, A. Carlson, M. Ciric, G. Conway, D.P. Coster, C. Dorn, R. Drube, R. Dux, S. Egorov, W. Engelhardt, H.-U. Fahrbach, U. Fantz, H. Faugel, M. Foley, P. Franzen, P. Fu, J.C. Fuchs, J. Gafert, G. Gantenbein, O. Gehre, A. Geier, J. Gernhardt, E. Gubanka, A. Gude, S. Günter, G. Haas, D. Hartmann, B. Heinemann, A. Herrmann, J. Hobirk, F. Hofmeister, H. Hohenöcker, L. Horton, L. Hu, D. Jacobi, M. Jakobi, F. Jenko, A. Kallenbach, O. Kardaun, M. Kaufmann, A. Kendl, J.-W. Kim, K. Kirov, R. Kochergov, H. Kollotzek, W. Kraus, K. Krieger, B. Kurzan, G. Kyriakakis, K. Lackner, P.T. Lang, R.S. Lang, M. Laux, L. Lengyel, F. Leuterer, A. Lorenz, H. Maier, K. Mank, M.-E. Manso, M. Maraschek, K.-F. Mast, P.J. McCarthy, D. Meisel, H. Meister, F. Meo, R. Merkel, V. Mertens, J.P. Meskat, R. Monk, H.W. Müller, M. Münich, H. Murmann, G. Neu, R. Neu, J. Neuhauser, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Nunes, G. Pautasso, A.G. Peeters, G. Pereverzev, S. Pinches, E. Poli, R. Pugno, G. Raupp, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, S. Riondato, V. Rohde, H. Röhr, J. Roth, F. Ryter, H. Salzmann, W. Sandmann, S. Sarelma, S. Schade, H.-B. Schilling, D. Schlögl, K. Schmidtmann, R. Schneider, W. Schneider, G. Schramm, J. Schweinzer, S. Schweizer, B.D. Scott, U. Seidel, F. Serra, S. Sesnic, C. Sihler, A. Silva, A. Sips, E. Speth, A. Stäbler, K.-H. Steuer, J. Stober, B. Streibl, E. Strumberger, W. Suttrop, A. Tabasso, A. Tanga, G. Tardini, C. Tichmann, W. Treutterer, M. Troppmann, N. Tsois, W. Ullrich, M. Ulrich, P. Varela, O. Vollmer, U. Wenzel, F. Wesner, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, R. Wunderlich, N. Xantopoulos, Q. Yu, M. Zarrabian, D. Zasche, T. Zehetbauer, H.-P. Zehrfeld, A. Zeiler, and H. Zohm

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Published
2001
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3. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author

H. Zohm 1), C. Angioni 1), R. Arslanbekov 1), C. Atanasiu 2), G. Becker 1), W. Becker 1), K. Behler 1), K. Behringer 1), A. Bergmann 1), R. Bilato 1), V. Bobkov 1), D. Bolshukhin 1), T. Bolzonella 3), K. Borrass 1), M. Brambilla 1), F. Braun 1), A. Buhler 1), A. Carlson 1), G.D. Conway 1), D. P. Coster 1), R, Drube 1), R. Dux 1), S. Egorov 4), T. Eich 1), K. Engelhardt 1), H.-U. Fahrbach 1), U. Fantz 5), H. Faugel 1), K.H. Finken 6), M. Foley 7), P. Franzen 1), J. C. Fuchs 1), J. Gafert 1), K.B. Fournier 8), G. Gantenbein 9), O. Gehre 1), A. Geier 1), J. Gernhardt 1), T. Goodman 10), O. Gruber 1), A. Gude 1), S. G¨unter 1), G. Haas 1), D. Hartmann 1), B. Heger 5), B. Heinemann 1), A. Herrmann 1), J. Hobirk 1), F. Hofmeister 1), H. Hohen¨ocker 1), L. D. Horton 1), V. Igochine 1), A. Jacchia 11), M. Jakobi 1), F. Jenko 1), A. Kallenbach 1), O. Kardaun 1), M. Kaufmann 1), A. Keller 1), A. Kendl 1), J.-W. Kim 1), K. Kirov 1), R. Kochergov 1), H. Kollotzek 1), W. Kraus 1), K. Krieger 1), T. Kurki-Suonio 12) B. Kurzan 1), P. T. Lang 1), C. Lasnier, P. Lauber 1), M. Laux 1), A.W. Leonard 13), F. Leuterer 1), A. Lohs 1), A. Lorenz 1), R. Lorenzini 3), C. Maggi 1), H. Maier 1), K. Mank 1), M.-E. Manso 14), P. Mantica 12), M. Maraschek 1), E. Martines 3), K.-F. Mast 1), P. McCarthy 7), D. Meisel 1), H. Meister 1), F. Meo 1), P. Merkel 1), R. Merkel 1), D. Merkl 1), V. Mertens 1), F. Monaco 1), A.M¨uck 1), H.W.M¨uller 1), M.M¨unich 1), H.Murmann 1), Y.-S. Na 1), G. Neu 1), R. Neu 1), J. Neuhauser 1), F. Nguyen 15), D. Nishijima 1), Y. Nishimura 1), J.-M. Noterdaeme 1), I. Nunes 14), G. Pautasso 1), A. G. Peeters 1), G. Pereverzev 1), S. D. Pinches 1), E. Poli 1), M. Proschek 16), R. Pugno 1), E. Quigley 7), G. Raupp 1), M. Reich 1), T. Ribeiro 14), R. Riedl 1), V. Rohde 1), J. Roth 1), F. Ryter 1), S. Saarelma 12), W. Sandmann 1), A. Savtchkov 6), O. Sauter 10), S. Schade 1), H.-B. Schilling 1), W. Schneider 1), G. Schramm 1), E. Schwarz 1), J. Schweinzer 1), S. Schweizer 1), B. D. Scott 1), U. Seidel 1), F. Serra 14), S. Sesnic 1), C. Sihler 1), A. Silva 14), A. C. C. Sips 1), E. Speth 1), A. St¨abler 1), K.-H. Steuer 1), J. Stober 1), B. Streibl 1), E. Strumberger 1), W. Suttrop 1), A. Tabasso 1), A. Tanga 1), G. Tardini 1), C. Tichmann 1), W. Treutterer 1), M. Troppmann 1), H. Urano 1), P. Varela 14), O. Vollmer 1), D. Wagner 1), U. Wenzel 1), F. Wesner 1), E. Westerhof 17), R. Wolf 1), E. Wolfrum 1), E. W¨ursching 1), S.-W. Yoon 1), Q. Yu 1), D. Zasche 1), T. Zehetbauer 1), and H.-P. Zehrfeld 1)

Subjects
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Abstract

Recent results from ASDEX Upgrade are presented. An improved understanding of energy and particle transport emerges in terms of a 'critical gradient' model for the temperature gradients. Coupling this to particle diffusion explains most of the observed behaviour of the density profiles, in particular the finding that strong central heating reduces the tendency for density profile peaking. Internal transport barriers with Te and Ti in excess of 20 keV (but not simultaneously) have been achieved. By shaping the plasma, a regime with small type II ELMs has been established. Here, the maximum power deposited on the target plates was greatly reduced at constant average power. Also, an increase of the ELM frequency by injection of shallow pellets was demonstrated. ELMfree operation is possible in the QH-mode regime previously found in DIII-D which has also been established on ASDEX Upgrade. Regarding stability, a regime with benign NTMs was found. During ECCD stabilisation of NTMs, bN could be increased well above the usual onset level without a reappearance of the NTM. ECRH and ECCD have also been used to control the sawtooth repetition frequency at a moderate fraction of the total heating power. The inner wall of the ASDEX Upgrade vessel has increasingly been covered with tungsten without detrimental effects on plasma performance. Regarding scenario integration, a scenario with a large fraction of noninductively driven current ( 50%), but without internal tranport barrier has been established. It combines improved confinement (tE=tITER98 1:2) and stability (bN 3:5) at high Greenwald fraction (ne=nGW 0:85) in steady state and with type II ELMy edge

Published
2003

4. Steady state advanced scenarios at ASDEX Upgrade

Author

Michael Kaufmann, H. D. Murmann, Thomas Zehetbauer, Dirk Hartmann, Marco Brambilla, W. Kraus, J. Neuhauser, S. Riondato, H. Maier, J. Gafert, F. Leuterer, D. Merkl, A. Lorenz, J. Gernhardt, R. Riedl, J.-M. Noterdaeme, H. W. Müller, Philipp Lauber, Julia Fuchs, W. Becker, A. Bergmann, Gerhard Raupp, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, F. Ryter, J. Stober, A. C. C. Sips, H. Zohm, D. Meisel, O. J. W. F. Kardaun, K. K. Kirov, R. Kochergov, C. F. Maggi, P. Franzen, D. Wagner, S. D. Pinches, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, A. Lohs, Alexander Kendl, G. Pautasso, H. Kollotzek, V. Rohde, R. Arslanbekov, U. Wenzel, K. Krieger, Martin Jakobi, W. Treutterer, Sibylle Günter, A. Gude, T. Ribeiro, G. Neu, F. Hofmeister, Frank Jenko, T. Eich, F. Wesner, G. Gantenbein, Bastiaan J. Braams, W. Suttrop, Peter Lang, S. Schade, E. Strumberger, H. P. Zehrfeld, G. V. Pereverzev, L. D. Horton, K. Engelhardt, Patrick J. McCarthy, O. Vollmer, F. Braun, K. Mank, S.M. Egorov, M. Münich, S. Saarelma, A. Tabasso, M. Foley, Robert Wolf, G. Becker, C. Sihler, O. Gruber, K.-H. Steuer, A. G. Peeters, S. Schweizer, K.H. Behringer, R. Bilato, Bruce D. Scott, Helmut Faugel, E. Wolfrum, M. Troppmann, Q. Yu, A. Keller, S. Sesnic, Martin Laux, G. Haas, R. Drube, A. Mück, E. Speth, R. Dux, D. P. Coster, O. Gehre, C. Tichmann, E. Quigley, B. Kurzan, J. Hobirk, J. Roth, R. Merkel, D. Bolshukhin, K. F. Mast, H.-U. Fahrbach, Bernd Heinemann, M. E. Manso, H. Hohenöcker, A. Stäbler, Emanuele Poli, H. B. Schilling, V. Mertens, F. Monaco, P. Varela, U. Seidel, A. Buhler, C. Atanasiu, Fernando Meo, B. Heger, K. B. Fournier, V. Igochine, M. Proschek, M. Maraschek, D. Jacobi, W. Sandmann, A. Kallenbach, A. Geier, G. Tardini, R. Neu, G. Schramm, K. Borrass, K. Behler, A. Tanga, D. Zasche, Y.-S. Na, Ursel Fantz, F. Serra, I. Nunes, H. Meister, B. Streibl, Junghee Kim, R. Pugno, Albrecht Herrmann, Garrard Conway, and E. Würsching

Subjects
Materials science, Tokamak, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Condensed Matter Physics, Electron cyclotron resonance, Neutral beam injection, law.invention, Bootstrap current, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, law, Atomic physics, Edge-localized mode
Abstract

Recent experiments at ASDEX Upgrade have achieved advanced scenarios with high β N (>3) and confinement enhancement over ITER98(y, 2) scaling, H H98y2 = 1.1-1.5, in steady state. These discharges have been obtained in a modified divertor configuration for ASDEX Upgrade, allowing operation at higher triangularity, and with a changed neutral beam injection (NBI) system, for a more tangential, off-axis beam deposition. The figure of merit, β N H ITER89-P , reaches up to 7.5 for several seconds in plasmas approaching stationary conditions. These advanced tokamak discharges have low magnetic shear in the centre, with q on-axis near 1, and edge safety factor, q 95 in the range 3.3-4.5. This q-profile is sustained by the bootstrap current, NBI-driven current and fishbone activity in the core. The off-axis heating leads to a strong peaking of the density profile and impurity accumulation in the core. This can be avoided by adding some central heating from ion cyclotron resonance heating or electron cyclotron resonance heating, since the temperature profiles are stiff in this advanced scenario (no internal transport barrier). Using a combination of NBI and gas fuelling line, average densities up to 80-90% of the Greenwald density are achieved, maintaining good confinement. The best integrated results in terms of confinement, stability and ability to operate at high density are obtained in highly shaped configurations, near double null, with δ = 0.43. At the highest densities, a strong reduction of the edge localized mode activity similar to type II activity is observed, providing a steady power load on the divertor, in the range of 6 MW m -2 , despite the high input power used (> 10 MW).

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