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Specimens of two heterobasidiomycetous species, collected in Ontario and studied respectively by H. S. Jackson and R. F. Cain, are described as new; they arePlatygloea jacksonii andSigmogloea tremelloidea. P. jacksonii is characterized by small basidia and basidiospores and by sympodially developing conidia.Sigmogloea tremelloidea is an anomalous taxon with cylindric, mostly transversely septate (“auricularioid”) basidia, but some features suggest a possible relationship to the Tremellales.

A new fungal taxon, Fibulobasidium sirobasidioides Bandoni sp.nov., is described and illustrated. Basidiomata develop beneath the bark of recently dead branches and trunks of Acer macrophyllum Pursh in British Columbia; they are characterized by superficially Sirobasidium-like chains of basidia.Key words: Fibulobasidium, Sirobasidium, Sirobasidiaceae, taxonomy.

Three new species ofMycogloea are described and illustrated; they are:M. amethystina from Canada,M. nipponica, from Japan, andM. bullata from Thailand.Mycogloea tahitiensis is reported from Japan and additional undescribed taxa in the genus are briefly noted. Some characteristics of the genus are discussed, and a key is provided for six species recognized at this time.

Aleurodiscus gigasporus sp. nov. is characterized by ornamented, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores 2934(-39) x 22-28(-30) ,um, abundant acanthophyses, rare monilioid gloeocystidia 6 ,tm diam, and hyphae with clamp connections. It has been collected on Keteleeria davidiana. Aleurodiscus subglobosporus sp. nov. is characterized by subglobose, ornamented basidiospores 19-20(-23) x 15-19(-21) t,m, abundant acanthophyses, infrequent gloeocystidia about 100 x 12 Am, and hyphae with clamp connections. It has been collected on Abies veichii.

Summary Filobasidium floriforme and two new taxa, Filobasidium elegans Bandoni and Oberw. sp. nov. and Filobasidium globosporum Bandoni and Oberw. sp. nov., were collected on various species of Yucca. The several collections occured mainly on weathered scapes and pedicels in association with Alternaria and Pleospora spp.

A new genus, Colacogloea, is described in the auricularioid Heterobasidiomycetes having simple septal pores. The genus is based on Platygloea peniophorae, a mycoparasite of some Aphyllophorales species. It is a segregate from the heterogeneous Platygloea s.l. The most important distinguishing features of Colacogloea are (i) the frequently simultaneous presence of basidial and conidial stages, (ii) a dimorphic life cycle including a yeast phase, (iii) mycoparasitism by colacosomes, (iv) simple septal pores with rounded margins, but without associated electron-opaque bandings and globules, and (v) aseptate basidiospores. Key words: Heterobasidiomycetes, Platygloea, Colacogloea peniophorae, mycoparasitism, colacosomes.

(1990). Nanstelocephala, A New Genus of Stalked-Capitate Basidiomycetes. Mycologia: Vol. 82, No. 6, pp. 782-786.

Two new taxa, Tremella tawa McNabb and T. vesiculosa McNabb, are described and illustrated. The species were first recognised as undescribed and named by R. F. R. McNabb, but he died before publishing the names.

Species of Tremella occurring in China have been little studied (Liu et al, 1983; Peng, 1984). From observations elsewhere, one can expect that most of the Tremellas in temperate China are the common taxa occurring in Europe and North America. However, Asia seems to be especially rich in species of both the Sirobasidiaceae and Tremellaceae (RJB, pers. obs.) and many taxa there remain to be described. One such, the object of this paper, is a species of Tremella parasitizing Stereum hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.) S. F. Gray and allied taxa growing on Quercus and Betula spp. The new species is one of a group with rep? resentatives known from North America, South America, Asia, and Europe, all parasitizing Ste? reum mycelium and with basidiomes consisting of both host and parasite hyphae. In most, hy? phae of the host form a white, fibrous to fleshy core surrounded by a gelatinous layer of mainly Tremella elements. Alternatively, the lobes can be either hollow or with only seattered hyphae of the host extending into the basidiocarp, as in many fructifications of T. aurantia Schw.: Fr. Tremella aurantialba is so-named because ofthe

A new species of ballistospore-forming yeast, Bullera miyagiana Nakase, Itoh, Takematsu et Bandoni is described. This yeast was isolated from Abies firma collected at Sendai, a northeast region in Japan. It is characterized by Q-10 as the major ubiquinone, xylose in the cells and high G+C content in DNA, 61.4mol% (calculated from Tm) or 58.9mol% (analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography). These characteristics resemble those of Bullera oryzae, but there is a clear difference between B. miyagiana and B. oryzae in the electrophoretic patterns of enzymes. Practically, B. miyagiana is differentiated from B. oryzae by its assimilation of nitrate, ethanol and ribitol, and its lack of assimilation of ethylamine or L-lysine.

Descriptions are provided of new basidiomycetous taxa based upon the teleomorph of Hyalopycnis blepharistoma\ the taxa are: Heterogastridiales, Heterogastridiaceae, Heterogastridium, and Heterogastridium pycnidioideum. The type species is characterized by a pycnidioid basidiocarp with an internal basal hymenium. Phragmobasidia produce sessile, digitately branched basidiospores that are released passively. Ontogeny of the basidia, basidiospores, and septal pores has been studied. The septal pores are simple, but vary morphologically during ontogeny. Hyphal cells, conidiogenous cells, and conidia are dikaryotic. The structure of the spindle pole body indicates heterobasidiomycetous affinities.

Pseudoyima prolifica is described from litter of Scirpus microcarpus Presl. The species produces dark hyphal colonies with few or no conidia, and pallid conidial colonies in which hyphae are sparse or absent. Conidial colonies, macroscopically yeast-like, consist of proliferating scolecoconidia, stauroconidia, and arthroconidia.

Forty-seven specimens of Tremella mesenterica, growing on a variety of hardwoods, were obtained from Europe and North America. Macroand microscopic examinations were made of these specimens. Single spore isolates were obtained from 46 collections, and the mating types identified by intraand interstock crosses. Although T. mesenterica is, mor? phologically, a variable species, there are no morphologically distinct populations associated with substrate, or with geographic distribution. Interstock crosses also did not demonstrate any intersterility groups associated with substrate, or with collection site. The variations observed in the morphological features of the basidiocarps are attributable to normal developmental changes, responses to different environmental conditions, and/or genetical dif? ferences that do not restrict interbreeding. Because of the macroand microscopic variation exhibited by T. mesenterica, two taxa, T. lutescens and T. mesenterica, have been recognized by various authors. Tremella mesenterica has been selected as the correct name, and a neotype has been designated.

The type specimens of Exobasidiellum graminicola (Bres.) Donk and E. culmigenum Webster & Reid were examined. The basidia of E. graminicola are elongate and taper basally as in other Exobasidiaceae; as in some species of Exobasidium, the basidiospores become transversely septate and produce small conidia during germination. The basidia of Exobasidiellum culmigenum develop in two distinct phases: (1) a probasidium is formed and within this karyogamy occurs; (2) a metabasidium develops from the probasidium and the diploid nucleus migrates into the apex of this structure before undergoing meiosis. The basidiospores of E. culmigenum germinate by germ tube. On the basis of these and other features, E. culmigenum is transferred to Galzinia as G. cubnigena (Webster & Reid) Johri & Bandoni comb. nov.

SUMMARY Agaricostilbum palmicolum, originally placed in the Deuteromycetes, is shown to be a basidiomycete related to the stilboid Auriculariales. The species has a haploid yeast phase, cylindric, 4-celled basidia, and blastogenous production of basidiospores. The generic description is emended in accordance with these findings.

A new basidiomycete, Entomocorticium dendroctoni Whitn., Band. & Oberw., gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This cryptic fungus intermingles with blue stain fungi and produces abundant essentially sessile basidiospores in the galleries and pupal chambers of the mountain pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). The insect apparently disseminates the fungus. Experimentally, young partially insectary reared adult beetles fed E. dendroctoni produced 19% more eggs than beetles fed the blue stain fungi.

Ingoldiella nutans Bandoni and Marvanovi, sp. nov., is described from mixed Pinus contorta-Sphagnum litter collected in a peat bog. Conidia of the species have clamp connections and both primary and secondary branches. The tapered branches are mostly unilateral, pendulous, and lack hooked tips.

Authentic collections of five species of Tremella described by A. Moller were examined. Based upon these specimens and information provided by Moller, new descriptions are provided for T. anomala, ...

Artificial "baits" were prepared for in situ baiting for water molds. The baits, consisting of dialysis tubing containing agar media, were submerged in an eutrophic pond in southern Illinois. When retrieved, after 2 wk to 2 mo, the baits contained sterile, unidentifiable hyphae of several types. Reproductive structures of some oomycetous fungi and those of species of Nowakowskiella, Anguillospora, and a Cylindrocarpon-like fungus also were found. Although there are problems in handling artificial baits their value as a known substrate cannot be overemphasized. The promise this research technique offers for critical in situ studies of aquatic fungi by both taxonomists and ecologists is immeasurable.

Morphology and development of Hyalopycnis blepharistoma (Berk.) Seeler are discussed. The presence of infrequent clamp connections, dikaryotic hyphal cells and conidia, and the colour reaction with diazonium blue B all suggest that H. blepharistoma is a basidiomycete. However, failure to observe a basidial stage precludes assignment to known orders of basidiomycetes.

Summary Trimorphomyces Bandoni and Oberw. gen. nov. ( Tremellaceae ) includes a single species, T. papilionaceus Bandoni and Oberw. sp. nov., which parasitizes Arthrinium sphaerospermum Fckl. The sporocarps are mainly or entirely conidial at first; conidia and basidia are mixed in mature basidiocarps. The basidia are cruciately-septate, stalked. Basidiospores germinate by repetition or by budding to form a haploid yeast phase. Blastic conidia are formed successively; terminal pairs develop synchronously and conjugate before release. The conidia are H-shaped and dikaryotic. The dikaryotic conidia germinate by forming paired buds and a dikaryotic yeast phase is initiated. Dikaryotic yeast cells are produced in the same manner as the parental conidia and are released as H-shaped, conjugated pairs. In the presence of Arthrinium sphaerospermum hyphae, dikaryotic conidia or dikaryotic yeast cells germinate by hyphal and haustorial formation.

Morphology and taxonomy of the gasteroid, auricularioid heterobasidiomycetous fungi are discussed, as are relationships to other Heterobasidiomycetes. A new order, the Atractiellales, and three families, Hoehnelomycetaceae, Chionosphaeraceae fam. nov., and Phleogenaceae are recognized. Five genera are disposed within these families as follows: Agaricostilbum and Atractiella, Hoehnelomycetaceae; Stilbum and Chionosphaera, Chionosphaeraceae; Phleogena, Phleogenaceae. A genus of uncertain disposition, Pachnocybe is also discussed. New combinations proposed are Agaricostilbum hyphaenes (Har. & Pat.) Oberw. & Bandoni comb. nov. (= Pilacre hyphaenes Har. & Pat.); Atractiella delectans (Möller) Oberw. & Bandoni comb. nov. (= Pilacrelladelectans Möller); Atractiella solani (Cohn & Schroeter) Oberw. & Bandoni comb. nov. (= Pilacrella solani (Cohn & Schroet.)

Graphiola phoenicis was restudied by light microscopy and investigated in detail with the scanning and the transmission electron microscopes. Hyphae of the fruitbody are mainly dikaryotic. Karyogamy occurs in cells which are interpreted as meiosporangia (basidia), and which develop in chains. Shortly after karyogamy, meiosis takes place in these basidia. Primary, sessile meiospores are then formed which later divide and produce thick-walled diaspores. The latter germinate either by hyphae or by yeast-like budding. The nutritional requirements of pure cultures of the yeast stage were also investigated. Life cycle, karyological criteria, ultrastructural details, and chemical tests clearly show thatGraphiola belongs in theBasidiomycetes. The taxonomic position within theHeterobasidiomycetes is discussed and the orderGraphiolales is validated.

Twenty-four species of fungi with slimy spore masses were examined for surface activity of the slime. The species fell into four categories: (1) slime highly surface-active and spores dispersed primarily at the air-water interface; (2) slime rapidly spreading in the bulk phase and the spores spread throughout; (3) slime weakly spreading or insoluble in water; (4) slime insoluble in water, but showing some activity in oil or lactophenol solution. The significance of this activity with respect to spore dispersal is discussed.

Naiadella fluitans Marvanova & Bandoni, gen. et sp. nov. (Moniliales) was isolated from Scirpus microcarpus leaf litter collected in Vancouver, Canada, and from foam in Czechoslovakia. The genus is characterized by (1) dikaryotic hyphae with clamps; (2) serially arranged monoblastic conidiogenous cells, the protoplasmic content of each of which is transferred to a single conidium; (3) binucleate fusoid conidia with 3-4 bristle-like branches typically near the distal end; (4) germination of conidia by a germ tube, the conidial protoplast moving into the tube; (5) the presence of binucleate cells which we interpret as haustorial branches similar to those in mycoparasitic Tremellas.

BANDONI. R. J. 1979. Fibulobasidiurrr: a new genus in the Sirobasidiaceae. Can. J. Bot. 57: 264-268. A new genus and species, Fibulobasidiurn irrcorrspicuurn, is described in the Sirobasidiaceae. The b, asldla .' ' of the species are terminally single or develop in clusters through expansion of successive clamp loops. The incompatibility system is similar to that of Tretrr~lltr and Sirobrrsidilrt,~ species that have been studied. BANDONI, R. J. 1979. Fibulobasidiurn: a new genus in the Sirobasidiaceae, Can. J. Bot. 57: 264-268. L'auteur decrit un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espece de Sirobasidincee, Fibulobasidiurn irrconspicuurn. Les basides sont terminales et isolees ou elles se developpent en groupes par I'expansion d'anses d'nnastomose successives. Le systeme d'incompatibilite est semblable h celui des especes de Tret,lellrr et Sirobtr.sirlirit,i qui ont ete 6tudiCes. [Traduit par le journal] The genus Sirobclsidi~{ln was erected by Lagerheim and Patouillard (1892); it remains the only genus classified in the Sirobasidiaceae. This genus is characterized by basidia that occur in linear series, the result of basipetal conversion into basidia of the cells of basidiophoric hyphae. Virtually all of the outermost cells of the basidiocarp are potential gonotoconts. The basidiospores are elongate, deciduous, and can germinate either by ballistospore formation or by budding. These basidiospores appear to be the homologues of "epibasidia" or "protosterigmata" of other tremellaceous fungi (Bandoni 1957). During the spring of 1974, collections were made of a fungus resembling Si~.oDclsiciiru?i, but lacking the catenulate basidia chalxctel-istic of that genus. Many basidia are singie in this fungus, but the majority are in clusters. The basidia of a cluster are attached to one another laterally as well as being linked by the hypha upon which they are borne: This unusual arrangement arises as a result of repeated clamp formation and enlargement of clamp loops to form basidia. All collections of the species were found on windblown branches of Q~lel.clls virgitiiclticl in New Orleans, Louisiana. The species is described here as Fibulobc~siciir~~~i incotispicullln

Sirotrema, a new genus in the Tremellaceae, is described for S. translucens (Gordon) Bandoni, comb, nov., S. parvula, Bandoni, sp. nov., and S. pusilla Bandoni, sp. nov. The species, parasitizing hypodermataceous fungi, share basidiocarp characteristics with taxa in Sirobasidium and Tremella. Their haploid states are yeasts.

Type specimens and other collections of Aporpium caryae (Schw.) Teixeira and Rogers, Protodaedalea japonica Imazeki, and Protomerulius brasiliensis Möller are described and illustrated. The three taxa are dimitic and have clamp connections and sphaeropedunculate basidia. Gloeocystidia are present in Protomerulius and Protodaedalea but are lacking in Aporpium. The basidiocarp of Protomerulius is subiculate and readily strips from the substrate; that of Aporpium is usually asubiculate and strongly attached. Shelving fructifications, surface features, and unusual basidial form distinguish Protodaedalea.

Dacrymyces aquaticus sp. nov., found on wood floating in freshwater or in very wet terrestrial habitats, is described and illustrated. The sporocarps are composed mainly of fragmenting hyphae, but scattered basidia are always present. The basidiospores, aseptate to 1- or 2-septate, germinate by germ tube. In the southwestern mainland of British Columbia, an inconspicuous dacrymycetaceous fungus is often present on wet coniferous wood. To date, the species has only been found on wood floating in shallow ponds and streams or on sodden wood in low, wet areas. Basidiocarp composition varies in the species, most being predominantly arthroconidial. Although the basidia are typically sparse, we have not found any fructifications in which basidia were absent. Characteristics of the arthroconidia and the basidiospores, as well as the unusual habitat, set this species apart from all described taxa. It is therefore described here as a new taxon. Dacrymyces aquaticus Bandoni et Hughes, sp. nov. FIGS. 1-8 Fructificationes rotundae vel pulvinatae, melleae vel aurantiae, firme gelatinosae, usque ad 1 mm in diam et ad 0.5 altitudine, per occasionem coalescentes et ad 3-4 mm crassitudine; basidia et arthroconidia commixta, probasidia clavate, (26-)33-42(-48) Am longitudine, ad apicem 3-3.5 um, ad basem 2-2.5 tm crassitudine; sterigmata cylindracea, 12-33 x 2.5-3 Am; basidiosporae cylindraceocurvatae, plerumque 1-septatae, interdum 0-septatae, raro 2-septatae, 8.5-11(-12) x 3.5-4.5 inm; arthroconidia elliptica, 4-6.5 x 2.5-3.5 ium, aut extremis truncatis. In ligno humidissimo, British Columbia.

(1979). A New Species of Rozella on a Basidiomycete. Mycologia: Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 1261-1264.

The aquatic hyphomycete Tricladium attenuatum is redescribed and the variation in conidial dimensions discussed.

Atractogloea stillata gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Morphological features of the taxon, including ultrastructural details, are similar to those of other species in the Hoehnelomyc...

The general structure of Tremella uliginosa Karst. is discussed. Basidia of the species are thick walled, deciduous, and germinate directly, i.e., without spore production. Dikaryotic hyphae grow directly from the basidium, or alternatively, a pair of germ tubes conjugate outside the basidium to initiate the dikaryon. Because of its distinctive basidial structure and function, the species is placed in a new genus, Tetragoniomyces gen.nov., and family, Tetragoniomycetaceae fam.nov.

A new genus, Stilbotulasnella, with the single species Stilbotulasnella conidiophora, is described from material collected in Hawaii. The distinguishing features of the genus are (i) copious production of blastic conidia; (ii) scattered tulasnellaceous basidia; (iii) germination of conidia and basidiospores by budding; (iv) dolipore septa without parenthesomes. Conidia of S. conidiophora are blastic annelidic, dikaryotic; they are produced on mononematous conidiophores or conspicuous synnematous to sporodochial conidiomata. The basidiospores germinate by repetition, by germ tube, or by budding.

Christiansenia pallida Hauerslev, a heterobasidiomycetous parasite of Phanerochaete cremea (Corticiaceae), was cultivated and studied with light and electron microscopes. Monokaryotic basidiospores bud as yeasts. Compatible cells conjugate and dikaryotic mycelia develop when yeast cells are grown together with the host on artificial media. Thread-like, monokaryotic hyphal outgrowths originate from clamps and function as haustoria, penetrating host cells. In its parasitic stage, Christiansenia pallida propagates chiefly by conidia. These are formed on short, terminal, monokaryotic, conidiogenous cells; conidia originate side by side, then fuse to form one dikaryotic zygoconidium. Dikaryotic conidia germinate to produce short-celled, dikaryotic hyphae which bear haustorial branches. Dikaryotic conidia are capable of dedikaryotization, thereby producing monokaryotic yeast cells. Usually, in a later stage of ontogeny, basidia develop on dikaryotic hyphae. Basidial morphology is rather variable, but subumiform basidia are typical. More than four sterigmata often are formed.

A group of holobasidiate mycoparasites, growing on Basidiomycetes, was studied by light– and electron microscopy. The parasites develop haustoria which penetrate the host–cells. Often a hypertrophic, gall–like growth of the host is induced by this parasitic interaction. Ana– and teleomorph stages and functions are highly diverse and not yet fully understood. Two species produce unique zygoconidia. The mechanism of spore abstriction on apically sterigmate holobasidia is hymenomycet–ous or gasteromycetous, and the basidiospores usually germinate by budding. Doli–pores without parenthesomes were found in three species. A heterobasidiomycetous relationship is proposed for the three genera, Christiansenia, Syzygospora, and Car–cinomyces gen. nov. Taxonomic considerations led to the proposal of a new family, the Carcinomycetaceae. This is Part 11 of a series, “Studies in Heterobasidiomycetes” of the Institut fur Biologie I, Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik, Universitat Tubingen and the Department of Botany, University of British Columbia.

Morphology and taxonomy of the auricularioid fern parasites are discussed. The relationships of Herpobasidium and Platycarpa species are considered and two new genera, Insolibasidium and Ptechetelium are proposed. A new species, Herpobasidium australe sp.nov., is described and the following new combinations are proposed: Insolibasidium deformans (Gould) comb.nov. and Ptechetelium cyatheae (Syd.) comb.nov.

Tilletiaria anomala gen. et sp. nov. is described. The species is characterized by aculeate teliospores similar to those of some Ustilaginales. The transversely septate metabasidia, sterigmata, and basidiospores are as in the Auriculariaceae. The hyphal cells are monokaryotic and haploid; fertile branches are subtended by a fusion bridge through which dikaryotization occurs.

Budding and fine structure were examined in two compatible haploid strains of Tremella mesenterica. Budding is initiated at one pole; successive buds are developed at the initial site and at any subsequently formed sites. The budding process appears to combine features found in apiculate and non-apiculate ascosporogenous yeasts, and in Sporobolomyces and Rhodotorula. The fine structure observed suggests that new wall material might be deposited within cells as each successive bud is formed. No differences were observed in either structure or budding of the two mating strains examined.

Compatibility tests with 26 single-spore isolates of Tremella mesenterica Fr. suggest that heterothallism in this species is of a modified tetrapolar type. Formation of conjugation tubes apparently requires heterozygosity for a single pair of alleles, A and a, but production of a typical dikaryon is controlled by a series of "B factors". The results indicate that the latter are either multiple alleles or multiple factors. Conjugation appeared to occur between isolates with like B's, but the resultant mycelium was abnormal in form. No conjugation tubes formed when isolates with like A's were paired.

The development of ascospores of Hansenula anomala (Hansen) H. & P. Syd. was studied by electron microscopy. Within the young ascus, a double membrane develops around each of the haploid nuclei enclosing mitochondria, oil vacuoles, and endoplasmic reticulum as well. Two ascospore wall layers are deposited within the intercisternal space. The initial wall layer develops centripetally from the extremities of the base, then around the crown of the hat-shaped spore. In many spores, this initial wall is thin or incomplete around the upper portion of the crown. The second wall layer is less electron dense and is formed adjacent to and immediately within the initial layer. At maturity of the spores, no organelles remain in the epiplasm.