36 results on '"R. Halsall"'
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2. A PMC based ADC card for CMS tracker readout
- Author
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W.J. Haynes, T. Parthipan, J. Hartley, R. Halsall, John A Coughlan, and S.A. Baird
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Engineering ,business.industry ,M.2 ,Pipeline (computing) ,Detector ,Card reader ,Data buffer ,Front and back ends ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Advanced Mezzanine Card ,Electronic engineering ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Field-programmable gate array ,Computer hardware - Abstract
The tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC employs Front End Driver (FED) cards to digitise, buffer and sparsify analogue data arriving via optical links from on detector pipeline chips. This paper describes a prototype version of the FED based upon the popular commercial PCI bus Mezzanine Card (PMC) form factor. The FED-PMC consists of an 8 channel, 9 bit ADC, card, providing a 1 MByte data buffer and operating at the LHC design frequency of 40 MHz. The core of the card is a re-programmable FPGA which allows the functionality of the card to be conveniently modified. The card is supplied with a comprehensive library of C routines. The PMC form factor allows the card to be plugged onto a wide variety of processor carrier boards and even directly into PCI based PCs. The flexibility of the FPGA based design permits the card to be used in a variety of ADC based applications.
- Published
- 2000
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3. CMS technical design report, volume II: Physics performance
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TEN, U. AKGUN, A.S. AYAN, A. COOPER, P. DEBBINS, F. DURU, M. FOUNTAIN, N. GEORGE, E. MCCLIMENT, J.P. MERLO, A. MESTVIRISHVILI, M.J. MILLER, C.R. NEWSOM, E. NORBECK, Y. ONEL, I. SCHMIDT, S. WANG, E.W. ANDERSON, O. ATRAMENTOV, J.M. HAUPTMAN, J. LAMSA, B.A. BARNETT, B. BLUMENFELD, C.Y. CHIEN, D.W. KIM, P. MAKSIMOVIC, S. SPANGLER, M. SWARTZ, P. BARINGER, A. BEAN, D. COPPAGE, O. GRACHOV, E.J. KIM, M. MURRAY, D. BANDURIN, T. BOLTON, A. KHANOV, Y. MARAVIN, D. ONOPRIENKO, F. RIZATDINOVA, R. SIDWELL, N. STANTON, E. VON TOERNE, D. BADEN, R. BARD, S.C. ENO, T. GRASSI, N.J. HADLEY, R.G. KELLOGG, S. KUNORI, F. RATNIKOV, A. SKUJA, R. ARCIDIACONO, M. BALLINTIJN, G. BAUER, P. HARRIS, I. KRAVCHENKO, C. LOIZIDES, S. NAHN, C. PAUS, S. PAVLON, C. ROLAND, G. ROLAND, K. SUMOROK, S. VAURYNOVICH, G. VERES, B. WYSLOUCH, D. BAILLEUX, S. CORUM, P. CUSHMAN, A. DE BENEDETTI, A. DOLGOPOLOV, R. EGELAND, G. FRANZONI, W.J. GILBERT, J. GRAHL, J. HAUPT, Y. KUBOTA, J. MANS, N. PEARSON, R. RUSACK, A. SINGOVSKY, L.M. CREMALDI, R. GODANG, R. KROEGER, D.A. SANDERS, D. SUMMERS, K. BLOOM, D.R. CLAES, A. DOMINGUEZ, M. EADS, C. LUNDSTEDT, S. MALIK, G.R. SNOW, A. SOBOL, I. IASHVILI, A. KHARCHILAVA, G. ALVERSON, E. BARBERIS, O. BOERIU, G. EULISSE, Y. MUSIENKO, S. MUZAFFAR, I. OSBORNE, S. REUCROFT, J. SWAIN, L. TAYLOR, L. TUURA, D. WOOD, B. GOBBI, M. KUBANTSEV, H. SCHELLMAN, E. SPENCER, M. VELASCO, B. BAUMBAUGH, N.M. CASON, M. HILDRETH, D.J. KARMGARD, N. MARINELLI, R. RUCHTI, J. WARCHOL, M. WAYNE, B. BYLSMA, L.S. DURKIN, J. GILMORE, J. GU, D. HERMAN, P. KILLEWALD, K. KNOBBE, T.Y. LING, P. ELMER, D. MARLOW, P. PIROUE, D. STICKLAND, C. TULLY, T. WILDISH, S. WYNHOFF, Z. XIE, A. APRESYAN, K. ARNDT, K. BANICZ, V.E. BARNES, G. BOLLA, D. BORTOLETTO, A. BUJAK, A.F. GARFINKEL, O. GONZALEZ LOPEZ, L. GUTAY, N. IPPOLITO, Y. KOZHEVNIKOV, A.T. LAASANEN, C. LIU, V. MAROUSSOV, P. MERKEL, D.H. MILLER, J. MIYAMOTO, N. NEUMEISTER, C. ROTT, A. ROY, A. SEDOV, I. SHIPSEY, N. PARASHAR, G. EPPLEY, S.J. LEE, J. LIU, M. MATVEEV, T. NUSSBAUM, B.P. PADLEY, J. ROBERTS, A. TUMANOV, P. YEPES, A. BODEK, H. BUDD, Y.S. CHUNG, P. DE BARBARO, R. DEMINA, R. EUSEBI, G. GINTHER, Y. GOTRA, A. HOCKER, U. HUSEMANN, S. KORJENEVSKI, W. SAKUMOTO, P. SLATTERY, P. TIPTON, M. ZIELINSKI, E. BARTZ, J. DOROSHENKO, E. HALKIADAKIS, P.F. JACQUES, M.S. KALELKAR, D. KHITS, A. LATH, A. MACPHERSON, L. PERERA, R. PLANO, K. ROSE, S. SCHNETZER, S. SOMALWAR, R. STONE, G. THOMSON, T.L. WATTS, N. AKCHURIN, K.W. CARRELL, K. GUMUS, C. JEONG, H. KIM, V. PAPADIMITRIOU, A. SILL, M. SPEZZIGA, E. WASHINGTON, R. WIGMANS, L. ZHANG, T. BAPTY, D. ENGH, W. JOHNS, T. KESKINPALA, E. LUIGGI LOPEZ, S. NEEMA, S. NORDSTROM, S. PATHAK, P. SHELDON, E.W. VAANDERING, M. WEBSTER, M.W. ARENTON, S. CONETTI, B. COX, R. HIROSKY, R. IMLAY, A. LEDOVSKOY, D. PHILLIPS, H. POWELL, M. RONQUEST, D. SMITH, Y.W. BAEK, J.N. BELLINGER, D. BRADLEY, D. CARLSMITH, I. CROTTY, S. DASU, F. FEYZI, T. GORSKI, M. GROTHE, W. HOGG, M. JAWORSKI, P. KLABBERS, A. LANARO, R. LOVELESS, M. MAGRANS DE ABRIL, D. REEDER, W.H. SMITH, D. WENMAN, G.S. ATOYAN, S. DHAWAN, V. ISSAKOV, H. NEAL, A. POBLAGUEV, M.E. ZELLER, and B.S. YULDASHEV
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High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,STANDARD MODEL ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,EXTRA DIMENSIONS ,LHC ,SUPERSYMMETRY ,HIGGS - Abstract
CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking—through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start-up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb-1 or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z' and supersymmetric particles, Bs production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb-1 to 30 fb-1. The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z0 boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2–6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing ET, B-mesons and τ's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7–15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.
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- 2007
4. A Large Pheromone and Receptor Gene Complex Determines Multiple B Mating Type Specificities in Coprinus cinereus
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Pushpalata T. Chaure, Natalie S. Olesnicky, John R. Halsall, Ian F. Connerton, Lorna A. Casselton, Suzanne F. O'Shea, and Andreas Leibbrandt
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Mating type ,Subfamily ,Receptors, Peptide ,Genes, Fungal ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Coprinus ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,Pheromones ,Homology (biology) ,Transformation, Genetic ,Genetics ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Protein Precursors ,Gene ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Chromosome Mapping ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Genes, Mating Type, Fungal ,biology.organism_classification ,genomic DNA ,Mating of yeast ,Receptors, Mating Factor ,Mating Factor ,Peptides ,Research Article ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Pheromone signaling plays an essential role in the mating and sexual development of mushroom fungi. Multiallelic genes encoding the peptide pheromones and their cognate 7-transmembrane helix (7-TM) receptors are sequestered in the B mating type locus. Here we describe the isolation of the B6 mating type locus of Coprinus cinereus. DNA sequencing and transformation analysis identified nine genes encoding three 7-TM receptors and six peptide pheromone precursors embedded within 17 kb of mating type-specific sequence. The arrangement of the nine genes suggests that there may be three functionally independent subfamilies of genes each comprising two pheromone genes and one receptor gene. None of the nine B6 genes showed detectable homology to corresponding B gene sequences in the genomic DNA from a B3 strain, and each of the B6 genes independently alter B mating specificity when introduced into a B3 host strain. However, only genes in two of the B6 groups were able to activate B-regulated development in a B42 host. Southern blot analysis showed that these genes failed to cross-hybridize to corresponding genes in the B42 host, whereas the three genes of the third subfamily, which could not activate development in the B42 host, did cross-hybridize. We conclude that cross-hybridization identifies the same alleles of a particular subfamily of genes in different B loci and that B6 and B42 share alleles of one subfamily. There are an estimated 79 B mating specificities: we suggest that it is the different allele combinations of gene subfamilies that generate these large numbers.
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- 1998
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5. Analog lightwave links for detector front-ends at the LHC
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D.S. Streames-Smith, L. Kennedy, N. Try, A. Baird, S. Quinton, D. Robbins, J. D. Dowell, N. Green, Francois Vasey, K. Webster, A. Moseley, M. Glick, P. Duthie, K. Gill, R. Halsall, I. R. Kenyon, G. Stefanini, G. Hall, and Göran Jarlskog
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,Optical fiber ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Detector ,Optical communication ,Semiconductor device ,Laser ,law.invention ,Data acquisition ,Analog signal ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,law ,Nuclear electronics ,Optoelectronics ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Transceiver ,business ,Data transmission - Abstract
Lightwave links are being developed for volume application in the transfer of analog signals from the tracking detector front-ends to the readout electronics. The links are based on electro-optic intensity modulators which are mounted on detectors and connected by optical fibers to remotely located transceivers (lasers and photoreceivers). The modulators are III-V semiconductor reflective devices based on multi-quantum well structures. The transceivers will be integrated devices of a novel design. Modulator prototypes have been fabricated and tested. Neutron and /spl gamma/-ray irradiation studies have been performed on modulators and fibers. The main results achieved so far are reported and key system issues are reviewed. This work is part of the CERN DRDC project RD23. >
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- 1995
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6. Development of the LPD, a high dynamic range pixel detector for the European XFEL
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Val O'Shea, Ashley Joy, M. Prydderch, Alexander M. Koch, C. Angelsen, Markus Kuster, S. Burge, John A Coughlan, T. Nicholls, Andrew Blue, Paul Seller, Matthew Wing, R. Halsall, Mathew Hart, and Scott Thomas
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Physics ,Pixel ,business.industry ,Dynamic range ,Detector ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Frame rate ,Data acquisition ,Application-specific integrated circuit ,Nuclear electronics ,Electronic engineering ,Electronics ,business ,Computer hardware - Abstract
We present the development and prototype test of the LPD instrument, a novel pixel detector for the European XFEL. At XFEL the LPD detector must be capable of operating with a frame rate of 4.5MHz and record images with a dynamic range of 1:100,000 photons (12keV) whilst maintaining low noise. The prototype LPD system has a large in pixel memory depth of 512 images that can be selected with a flexible veto system. Data is then transferred off the detector head in between XFEL pulses with an accompanying high rate data acquisition system. The system has been prototyped and assembled into an LPD detector head that contains custom silicon sensors and ASICs as well as a programmable data acquisition cards and supporting electronics and mechanics. A second version of the ASIC has also been submitted for manufacture. The experiences with our first prototype are presented.
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- 2012
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7. The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment
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J. J. Grudzinski, R. J. Nichol, Q. K. Wu, N. Tagg, R. Piteira, L. E. Price, G.D. Barr, T. Osiecki, B. R. Becker, A. Sousa, Francisco Yumiceva, A. Byon-Wagner, A. C. Weber, Alec Habig, D.S. Damiani, M. C. Sanchez, John Miller, M. A. Barker, M. Ignatenko, Carlos Escobar, J. K. Nelson, P. J. Litchfield, R. K. Plunkett, Juergen Thomas, J. Trevor, D. Pushka, H. R. Gallagher, D. E. Reyna, Raymond Lee, S. Childress, E. Maher, J. Boehm, E. Falk Harris, C. D. Moore, J. Kilmer, P. Adamson, M. Proga, M. V. Frohne, P. Gouffon, D. Indurthy, D. A. Harris, R. C. Webb, J. A. Thompson, S. M. Seun, M. Dorman, T. Alexopoulos, C. Rosenfeld, S. M S Kasahara, L. Wai, W.W.M. Allison, S. Boyd, E. A. Peterson, R. Ospanov, P. S. Miyagawa, B. Baller, William L. Barrett, P. Shanahan, B. Bock, M. Kostin, Harvey B Newman, J. L. Thron, P. N. Smith, M. Gebhard, B. Viren, Paul Schoessow, S.R. Mishra, T. Bergfeld, Yu. A. Gornushkin, T. M. Raufer, H. Ping, K. Grzelak, A. L. Read, W. Smart, M. D. Messier, A. M. McGowan, K. Ruddick, A. S. Ladran, W. A. Mann, John Oliver, G. I. Merzon, N. West, John Marshall, J. Urheim, S. Madani, V. Paolone, C. R. Bower, M. Zois, J. A. Musser, A. De Santo, D. J. Koskinen, P. Stamoulis, Ž Pavlović, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, S. Murgia, A. Lebedev, M. Vakili, Warner A. Miller, G. M. Irwin, Weonjong Lee, D. Rahman, S. Avvakumov, Randall White, Gary Drake, A. D. Marino, H. A. Rubin, D. S. Ayres, W. Luebke, Christopher G. White, A. Belias, Y. Ho, R. L. Talaga, J. C. Yun, J. J. Evans, Carole C. Perry, L. Jenner, F. A. Nezrick, G. J. Feldman, E. Buckley-Geer, P. A. Symes, G. Tzanakos, V.A. Onuchin, C. Arroyo, A. Godley, W. P. Oliver, P. Lucas, R. Shivane, N. Felt, Marvin L Marshak, C. P. Ward, C. Howcroft, G. Koizumi, J. D. Cossairt, H. Zheng, D. R. Ward, H. J. Kang, C. Velissaris, B. C. Choudhary, T. Durkin, N. P. Longley, P. Schreiner, Ken Heller, R. H. Milburn, D. Krakauer, Reinhard Schwienhorst, T. Patzak, J. H. Cobb, B. Speakman, Kevin Anderson, S. J. Coleman, Hyun-Chul Kim, Peter D. Barnes, D. Bhattacharya, N. Grossman, M. J. Murtagh, R. Ford, J. Hartnell, Caleb Smith, E. P. Hartouni, E. Beall, D. A. Jensen, M. S. Kim, S. Kumaratunga, K. Vaziri, J. M. Paley, B. C. Barish, R. A. Rameika, J. W. Dawson, E. Tetteh-Lartey, M. Watabe, Andrew Blake, G. J. Alner, R. Ducar, V. J. Guarino, T. Kafka, R. Trendler, T. C. Nicholls, T. H. Fields, A. A. Wehmann, C. Andreopoulos, Philip Harris, M. Bishai, C. W. Peck, S. Chernichenko, H. Courant, Karol Lang, D. M. DeMuth, Ruben Saakyan, Sacha E Kopp, D. G. Michael, Thomas R. Chase, J. McDonald, O. Fackler, T. Joffe-Minor, W. G. Yan, R. Morse, A. J. Culling, D. Crane, Niki Saoulidou, G. F. Pearce, V. A. Ryabov, J. Gogos, E. Grashorn, V. Makeev, Jorge G. Morfin, C. James, M. P. Andrews, Anna Pla-Dalmau, R. P. Litchfield, N. Hill, Ji-Yong Liu, P.D. Shield, M. Dierckxsens, V. K. Semenov, P. Vahle, D. J. Boehnlein, C. Laughton, M. Kordosky, V. Smirnitsky, D. Bogert, C. Nelson, A. Marchionni, I. Trostin, G. J. Bock, Alexander Terekhov, L. Mualem, V. A. Tsarev, J. K. de Jong, P. M. Border, J. Hanson, R. Halsall, T. Yang, Douglas Wright, Anatael Cabrera, S. L. Mufson, M. Libkind, V. Bocean, B. Rebel, J. M. Swan, N. Pearson, V. Verebryusov, R. Hatcher, John Derek Chapman, J. R. Meier, P. Sullivan, M. A. Thomson, D. Naples, Stanley G. Wojcicki, J. Hylen, R. H. Bernstein, A. Para, M. C. Goodman, M. V. Diwan, Keith Bechtol, D. A. Petyt, A. Stefanik, S. K. Kotelnikov, A. R. Erwin, J. Schneps, R. Andrews, R. Zwaska, APC - Neutrinos, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINOS, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM] ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Solar neutrino ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,NuMI ,Nuclear physics ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,010306 general physics ,Neutrino oscillation ,physics.ins-det ,Instrumentation ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Solar neutrino problem ,[SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM] ,Neutrino detector ,MINOS ,Measurements of neutrino speed ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino - Abstract
The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an accelerator-produced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the "atmospheric neutrino" sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper., Comment: Revised according to referee's comments. 91 pages, 43 figures, submitted to NIM. arXiv figures are greatly compressed, please see NIM itself or the Fermilab library server for full resolution figures
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- 2008
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8. The UA1 upgrade calorimeter trigger processor
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P. Biddulph, Murrough Landon, John Oliver, Dave Charlton, T. P. Shah, M.P. Jimack, K. Sumorok, P. Jovanovic, G.H. Grayer, Jonathan M. Gregory, Nicolas Ellis, E. Eisenhandler, R. Stephens, D. Campbell, M. Cawthraw, John A Coughlan, Dave Robinson, I. R. Kenyon, J. Garvey, S. Galagedera, N. Bains, S.A. Baird, R. Halsall, I. F. Fensome, and P. Flynn
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Upgrade ,Large Hadron Collider ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Collider physics ,business.industry ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Granularity ,Dead time ,business ,Instrumentation ,Computer hardware - Abstract
The increased luminosity of the improved CERN Collider and the more subtle signals of second-generation collider physics demand increasingly sophisticated triggering. We have built a new first-levl trigger processor designed to use the excellent granularity of the UA1 upgrade calorimeter. This device is entirely digital and handles events in 1.5 μs, thus introducing no dead time. Its most novel feature is fast two-dimensional electromagnetic cluster-finding with the possibility of demanding an isolated shower of limited penetration. The processor allows multiple combinations of triggers on electromagnetic shower, hadronic jets and energy sums, including a total-energy veto of multiple interactions and a full vector sum of missing transverse energy. This hard-wired processor is about five times more powerful than its predecess or, and makes extensive use of pipelining techniques. It was used extensively in the 1988 and 1989 runs of the CERN Collider.
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- 1990
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9. CMS physics technical design report, volume II: Physics performance
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G. Russo, R. Halsall, H. L. Zhuang, Stephan Linn, Stefanos Dris, J.F. Gunion, D. Delikaris, David Mark Raymond, Christophe Delaere, J. Caballero Bejar, Alex Kamenev, Victor Kim, Armando Lanaro, Sajjad Asghar, Vivek Sharma, P. Mereu, S. B. Kim, M. G. Albrow, Kostas Kloukinas, R. A. Kvatadze, Y. Velikzhanin, C. Mavrommatis, J. T. Rhee, M. Guerzoni, Robert M Harris, F. Romano, Daniele Spiga, Flera Rizatdinova, Dmitry Gorbunov, Giacomo Bruno, Laszlo Boldizsar, W. E. Johns, B. De Callatay, Pushpalatha C Bhat, M. Pioppi, Lawrence Sulak, L. J. Gutay, M. Hashemi, W. Badgett, A. Bartoloni, C. Y. Chien, E. Marinova, Daniel Robert Marlow, J. M. Barcala, C. Sabev, Roberto Sacchi, P. Bartalini, B. Panev, J. Reinhold, Yves Sirois, J. Ying, M. Demarteau, Alicia Calderon, Arno Heister, Lothar At Bauerdick, Marco Meschini, R. Wilkinson, Tejinder Virdee, Mirko Planinic, G. Martinelli, Y. Ershov, Piotr Traczyk, M. Ageron, Kirill Prokofiev, S. De Visscher, W. Bertl, Julia Thom, D. S. Bailey, N. Manna, Francesco Navarria, A. Karar, Pierre Ramond, Lucia Silvestris, R. Eichler, Neeti Parashar, S. Cucciarelli, R. Gokieli, Christopher George Tully, L. Masetti, I. Gonzalez Cabellero, Klaus Rabbertz, S. Zelepoukine, Sebastiano Albergo, A. Bonnevaux, P. Fabbricatore, Claudio Campagnari, V. Timciuc, O. Zorba, Igor Lokhtin, Ezio Maina, Colin Bernet, Nadia Pastrone, M. Galanti, K. Marasovic, Jim Kowalkowski, M. Zielinski, P. Aspell, Teppo Mäenpää, Pamela Klabbers, V. B. Francis, I. Diaz Merino, H. A. Sanchez Hernandez, Valery Zhukov, Christos Leonidopoulos, Gyorgy Bencze, Dimitri Bourilkov, Vassili Kachanov, Marina Passaseo, Patrick Slattery, J. Schümann, K. Cho, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Filip Moortgat, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, S. K. Lalwani, P. Trüb, D. Wenman, Aliaksandr Litomin, P. Siegrist, S. K. Oh, M. Kossov, A. Slav, Nicanor Colino, Z. Wlodarczyk, J. Amundson, H. Mathez, A. Papageorgiou, Pete Markowitz, J. Blocki, I. Soric, L. 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Filine, Pascal Paganini, A. Roy, N. Zamiatin, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, Vladimir Andreev, Aruna Nayak, I. Jimenez, Archana Sharma, Saptaparna Bhattacharya, Laird Kramer, Andrey Korytov, P. Chang, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, John H. Wickens, Vladimir Korenkov, N. Magini, A. Moggi, I. Crotty, Jan Krolikowski, Duccio Abbaneo, V. Litvine, Elizabeth Locci, M. I. Asghar, A. Kapusi, Y. Zhang, C. Bloch, V. Sknar, Vadim Issakov, Giovanni Polese, Alexander Toropin, J. Nysten, E. Forton, Y. Liu, S. Wang, M. Jaworski, H. Foeth, Belforte, S., Cossutti, F., DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Gobbo, B., Penzo, A., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), informatique, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bayatian, G, Chatrchyan, S, Hmayakyan, G, Sirunyan, A, Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Dragicevic, M, Ero, J, Friedl, M, Fruehwirth, R, Ghete, V, Glaser, P, Hrubec, J, Jeitler, M, Krammer, M, Magrans, I, Mikulec, I, Mitaroff, W, Noebauer, T, Pernicka, M, Porth, P, Rohringer, H, Strauss, J, Taurok, A, Waltenberger, W, Walzel, G, Widl, E, Wulz, C, Fedorov, A, Korzhik, M, Missevitch, O, Zuyeuski, R, Chekhovsky, V, Dvornikov, O, Emeliantchik, I, Litomin, A, Mossolov, V, Shumeiko, N, Solin, A, Stefanovitch, R, Gonzalez, J, Tikhonov, A, Petrov, V, D'Hondt, J, De Weirdt, S, 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Landsberg, G, Partridge, R, Vanini, S, Breedon, R, Case, M, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Cox, P, Erbacher, R, Gunion, J, Holbrook, B, Ko, W, Lander, R, Pellett, D, Smith, J, Soha, A, Tripathi, M, Vogt, R, Andreev, V, Arisaka, K, Cline, D, Cousins, R, Erhan, S, Felcini, M, Hauser, J, Ignatenko, M, Lisowski, B, Matlock, D, Matthey, C, Mohr, B, Mumford, J, Otwinowski, S, Rakness, G, Schlein, P, Shi, Y, Tucker, J, Valuev, V, Wallny, R, Wang, H, Yang, X, Zheng, Y, Clare, R, Fortin, D, Futyan, D, Gary, J, Giunta, M, Hanson, G, Jeng, G, Kao, S, Pasztor, G, Satpathy, A, Shen, B, Stringer, R, Sytnik, V, Wilken, R, Zer Zion, D, Branson, J, Dusinberre, E, Letts, J, Martin, T, Mojaver, M, Paar, H, Pi, H, Pieri, M, Rana, A, Sharma, V, White, A, Wurthwein, F, Affolder, A, Campagnari, C, Hill, C, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Lamb, J, Richman, J, Stuart, D, White, D, Albert, J, Bornheim, A, Bunn, J, Chen, J, Denis, G, Galvez, P, Gataullin, M, Legrand, I, Litvine, V, Ma, Y, Nae, D, Newman, H, Ravot, S, Shevchenko, S, Singh, S, Steenberg, C, Su, X, Timciuc, V, Van Lingen, F, Veverka, J, Voicu, B, Weinstein, A, Wilkinson, R, Yang, Y, Zhang, L, Zhu, K, Zhu, R, Ferguson, T, Paulini, M, Russ, J, Terentyev, N, Vogel, H, Vorobiev, I, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Johnson, D, Nauenberg, U, Stenson, K, Wagner, S, Alexander, J, Cassel, D, Ecklund, K, Heltsley, B, Jones, C, Kuznetsov, V, Patterson, J, Ryd, A, Thom, J, Wittich, P, Beetz, C, Cirino, G, Podrasky, V, Sanzeni, C, Winn, D, Abdullin, S, Afaq, M, Albrow, M, Amundson, J, Apollinari, G, Atac, M, Badgett, W, Bakken, J, Baldin, B, Bauerdick, L, Baumbaugh, A, Baur, U, Bhat, P, Borcherding, F, Burkett, K, Butler, J, Cheung, H, Churin, I, Cihangir, S, Demarteau, M, Eartly, D, Elias, J, Elvira, V, Fisk, I, Freeman, J, Gartung, P, Geurts, F, Glenzinski, D, Gottschalk, E, Graham, G, Green, D, Guglielmo, G, Guo, Y, Gutsche, O, Hahn, A, Hanlon, J, Hansen, S, Harris, R, Hesselroth, T, Holm, S, Holzman, B, Iqbal, S, James, E, Johnson, M, Joshi, U, Klima, B, Kowalkowski, J, Kramer, T, Kwan, S, La Vallie, E, Larwill, M, Los, S, Lueking, L, Lukhanin, G, Lusin, S, Maeshima, K, Mcbride, P, Murray, S, O'Dell, V, Paterno, M, Patrick, J, Petravick, D, Pordes, R, Prokofyev, O, Rasmislovich, V, Ratnikova, N, Ronzhin, A, Sekhri, V, Sexton Kennedy, E, Shaw, T, Skow, D, Smith, R, Spalding, W, Spiegel, L, Stavrianakou, M, Stiehr, G, Suzuki, I, Tan, P, Tanenbaum, W, Tkaczyk, S, Veseli, S, Vidal, R, Wenzel, H, Whitmore, J, Womersley, W, Wu, W, Wu, Y, Yagil, A, Yarba, J, Yun, J, Acosta, D, Avery, P, Barashko, V, Bartalini, P, Bourilkov, D, Cavanaugh, R, Drozdetskiy, A, Field, R, Fu, Y, Gray, L, Holmes, D, Kim, B, Klimenko, S, Konigsberg, J, Korytov, A, Kotov, K, Levchenko, P, Madorsky, A, Matchev, K, Mitselmakher, G, Pakhotin, Y, Prescott, C, Ramond, P, Rodriguez, J, Schmitt, M, Scurlock, B, Stoeck, H, Yelton, J, Boeglin, W, Gaultney, V, Kramer, L, Linn, S, Markowitz, P, Martinez, G, Raue, B, Reinhold, J, Askew, A, Bertoldi, M, Dharmaratna, W, Gershtein, Y, Hagopian, S, Hagopian, V, Jenkins, M, Johnson, K, Prosper, H, Wahl, H, Baarmand, M, Baksay, L, Guragain, S, Hohlmann, M, Mermerkaya, H, Ralich, R, Vodopiyanov, I, Adams, M, Betts, R, Gerber, C, Shabalina, E, Smith, C, Ten, T, Akgun, U, Ayan, A, Cooper, A, Debbins, P, Duru, F, Fountain, M, George, N, Mccliment, E, Merlo, J, Mestvirishvili, A, Miller, M, Newsom, C, Norbeck, E, Onel, Y, Schmidt, I, Wang, S, Anderson, E, Atramentov, O, Hauptman, J, Lamsa, J, Barnett, B, Blumenfeld, B, Chien, C, Maksimovic, P, Spangler, S, Swartz, M, Baringer, P, Bean, A, Coppage, D, Grachov, O, Kim, E, Murray, M, Bandurin, D, Bolton, T, Khanov, A, Maravin, Y, Onoprienko, D, Rizatdinova, F, Sidwell, R, Stanton, N, Von Toerne, E, Baden, D, Bard, R, Eno, S, Grassi, T, Hadley, N, Kellogg, R, Kunori, S, Ratnikov, F, Skuja, A, Arcidiacono, R, Ballintijn, M, Bauer, G, Harris, P, Kravchenko, I, Loizides, C, Nahn, S, Paus, C, Pavlon, S, Roland, C, Roland, G, Sumorok, K, Vaurynovich, S, Veres, G, Wyslouch, B, Bailleux, D, Corum, S, Cushman, P, De Benedetti, A, Dolgopolov, A, Egeland, R, Franzoni, G, Gilbert, W, Grahl, J, Haupt, J, Kubota, Y, Mans, J, Pearson, N, Rusack, R, Singovsky, A, Cremaldi, L, Godang, R, Kroeger, R, Sanders, D, Summers, D, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Dominguez, A, Eads, M, Lundstedt, C, Malik, S, Snow, G, Sobol, A, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Alverson, G, Barberis, E, Boeriu, O, Eulisse, G, Musienko, Y, Muzaffar, S, Osborne, I, Reucroft, S, Swain, J, Taylor, L, Tuura, L, Wood, D, Gobbi, B, Kubantsev, M, Schellman, H, Spencer, E, Velasco, M, Baumbaugh, B, Cason, N, Hildreth, M, Karmgard, D, Marinelli, N, Ruchti, R, Warchol, J, Wayne, M, Bylsma, B, Durkin, L, Gilmore, J, Gu, J, Herman, D, Killewald, P, Knobbe, K, Ling, T, Elmer, P, Marlow, D, Piroue, P, Stickland, D, Tully, C, Wildish, T, Wynhoff, S, Xie, Z, Apresyan, A, Arndt, K, Banicz, K, Barnes, V, Bolla, G, Bortoletto, D, Bujak, A, Garfinkel, A, Lopez, O, Gutay, L, Ippolito, N, Kozhevnikov, Y, Laasanen, A, Liu, C, Maroussov, V, Merkel, P, Miller, D, Miyamoto, J, Neumeister, N, Rott, C, Roy, A, Sedov, A, Shipsey, I, Parashar, N, Eppley, G, Lee, S, Liu, J, Matveev, M, Nussbaum, T, Padley, B, Roberts, J, Tumanov, A, Yepes, P, Bodek, A, Budd, H, Chung, Y, De Barbaro, P, Demina, R, Eusebi, R, Ginther, G, Gotra, Y, Hocker, A, Husemann, U, Korjenevski, S, Sakumoto, W, Slattery, P, Tipton, P, Zielinski, M, Bartz, E, Doroshenko, J, Halkiadakis, E, Jacques, P, Kalelkar, M, Khits, D, Lath, A, Macpherson, A, Perera, L, Plano, R, Rose, K, Schnetzer, S, Somalwar, S, Stone, R, Thomson, G, Watts, T, Akchurin, N, Carrell, K, Gumus, K, Jeong, C, Kim, H, Papadimitriou, V, Sill, A, Spezziga, M, Washington, E, Wigmans, R, Bapty, T, Engh, D, Johns, W, Keskinpala, T, Lopez, E, Neema, S, Nordstrom, S, Pathak, S, Sheldon, P, Vaandering, E, Webster, M, Arenton, M, Conetti, S, Cox, B, Hirosky, R, Imlay, R, Ledovskoy, A, Phillips, D, Powell, H, Ronquest, M, Smith, D, Baek, Y, Bellinger, J, Bradley, D, Carlsmith, D, Crotty, I, Dasu, S, Feyzi, F, Gorski, T, Grothe, M, Hogg, W, Jaworski, M, Klabbers, P, Lanaro, A, Loveless, R, De Abril, M, Reeder, D, Smith, W, Wenman, D, Atoyan, G, Dhawan, S, Issakov, V, Neal, H, Poblaguev, A, Zeller, M, Yuldashev, B, TR1918, Demir, Durmuş Ali, Izmir Institute of Technology. Physics, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Physics beyond the Standard Model ,Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION ,TO-LEADING-ORDER ,PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION ,LARGE HADRON COLLIDER ,SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL ,ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING ,LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM ,B-C MESON ,SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER ,SOFTLY BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRY ,Vector boson ,Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare ,PARTICLE PHYSICS ,CMS ,Energy density ,technical design report ,CERN ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,Supersymmetry ,Physics and Astronomy (all) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE ,High-density QCD matter ,Higgs boson ,CMS, LHC, Physics, particles, Higgs, particle physics, detector, accelerator ,Particle physics ,Standard Model ,Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia ,Nuclear physics ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Settore MAT/07 - Fisica Matematica ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Little Higgs ,pp ,LHC ,Higgs ,supersymmetry ,heavy ion ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ,Parton momentum fraction ,Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model - Abstract
CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking - through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start-up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb-1 or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z′ and supersymmetric particles, Bs production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb-1 to 30 fb-1. The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z0 boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2-6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing E T, B-mesons and τ's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7-15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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- 2007
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10. First observations of separated atmosphericνμandν¯μevents in the MINOS detector
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P. A. Symes, J. Boehm, Douglas Wright, Anatael Cabrera, H. A. Rubin, D. Krakauer, S. Childress, S. L. Mufson, J. Urheim, W. P. Oliver, M. Bishai, V. Paolone, C. R. Bower, A. Godley, Marvin L Marshak, C. Arroyo, C. Howcroft, R. Halsall, C.D. Moore, Z. Pavlovich, Ken Heller, H. Zheng, A. Lebedev, S. Chernichenko, J. A. Musser, S. Madani, G. Tzanakos, S. Kumaratunga, P. Stamoulis, T. H. Fields, D. Bogert, L. Mualem, A. L. Read, D. M. DeMuth, M. J. Murtagh, F. A. Nezrick, V. Verebryusov, C. White, T. Bergfeld, Thomas R. Chase, R. Rameika, W. G. Yan, R. Morse, D. Naples, A. J. Culling, D. Crane, M. V. Diwan, V. K. Semenov, G. Koizumi, C. Perry, A. Stefanik, P. Vahle, B. Speakman, A. De Santo, Randall White, E. Beall, W. Luebke, A. Wehmann, R. Ducar, D. J. Boehnlein, C. Laughton, J. Kilmer, R. Saakyan, M. Kordosky, William L. Barrett, P. Shanahan, B. R. Becker, R. H. Milburn, Carlos Escobar, B. Bock, R. Hatcher, J. McDonald, Andrew Blake, R. K. Plunkett, S. Murgia, M. C. Sanchez, Reinhard Schwienhorst, J. W. Dawson, C. Rosenfeld, M. Watabe, E. P. Hartouni, J. L. Thron, C. W. Peck, V. J. Guarino, J. Hanson, E. A. Peterson, R. P. Litchfield, Q. K. Wu, C. Nelson, I. Trostin, B. Baller, A. R. Erwin, R. C. Webb, Sacha E Kopp, J. A. Thompson, Robert H. Bernstein, H. R. Gallagher, R. Andrews, A. D. Marino, P. S. Miyagawa, R. Trendler, Alec Habig, M. A. Barker, H. Courant, Karol Lang, A. Belias, D. A. Harris, V. Bocean, P. Sullivan, T. Kafka, W. A. Mann, V. A. Tsarev, Theodoros Alexopoulos, C. Velissaris, S. Boyd, K. Grzelak, E. Grashorn, J. J. Grudzinski, M. A. Thomson, Paul Schoessow, David Petyt, C. Andreopoulos, H. Ping, M. Vakili, Yu. A. Gornushkin, Stanley G. Wojcicki, D. E. Reyna, P. J. Litchfield, Brajesh C Choudhary, John Marshall, R. Piteira, P.D. Shield, R. J. Nichol, J. Hylen, A. Para, J. M. Swan, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, W. Smart, D. J. Koskinen, S. R. Mishra, E. Buckley-Geer, P. Schreiner, Y. Ho, T. Yang, D. Rahman, E. Maher, M. C. Goodman, D. Bhattacharya, M. P. Andrews, S. Avvakumov, J. Hartnell, C. P. Ward, V.A. Onuchin, S. M. Seun, Warner A. Miller, M. Dorman, N. P. Longley, E. Falk Harris, P. Adamson, J. Schneps, M. Proga, D. R. Pushka, Niki Saoulidou, Peter D. Barnes, G. F. Pearce, D. R. Ward, T. Patzak, John Derek Chapman, V. A. Ryabov, D. G. Michael, J. Trevor, J. R. Meier, R. Lee, M. Gebhard, G. J. Alner, J. H. Cobb, T. C. Nicholls, R. Ford, V. Makeev, N. Grossman, Jorge G. Morfin, C. James, W. Y. Lee, N. Felt, J. Oliver, T. Osiecki, A. Sousa, Francisco Yumiceva, M. Dierckxsens, A. C. Weber, R. L. Talaga, T. Joffe-Minor, M. Ignatenko, G. I. Merzon, N. West, M. Zois, H. J. Kang, D. S. Ayres, S. M S Kasahara, L. Wai, Hyun-Chul Kim, L. Jenner, J. K. Nelson, D. A. Jensen, K. Vaziri, M. D. Messier, J. C. Yun, J. D. Cossairt, W.W.M. Allison, R. Ospanov, P. N. Smith, M. A. Libkind, J. Gogos, N. Hill, Ji-Yong Liu, G. J. Bock, T. Durkin, B. Rebel, L. E. Price, P. Lucas, J. J. Evans, M. Kostin, Harvey B Newman, T. M. Raufer, O. D. Fackler, G. M. Irwin, Kevin Anderson, R. Zwaska, A. Marchionni, G. J. Feldman, Caleb Smith, A. Byon-Wagner, A. Pla-Dalmau, J. M. Paley, V. Smirnitsky, P. M. Border, G. Drake, A. M. McGowan, K. Ruddick, N. Tagg, A. S. Ladran, G.D. Barr, E. Tetteh-Lartey, John Miller, Juergen Thomas, P. Gouffon, B. Viren, Philip Harris, M. V. Frohne, D. Indurthy, N. Pearson, and B. C. Barish
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Muon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear physics ,Massless particle ,Neutrino detector ,MINOS ,0103 physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Muon neutrino ,Neutrino ,010306 general physics ,Neutrino oscillation ,Lepton - Abstract
The complete 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking data since the beginning of August 2003 at a depth of 2070 meters water-equivalent in the Soudan mine, Minnesota. This paper presents the first MINOS observations of muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino charged-current atmospheric neutrino interactions based on an exposure of 418 days. The ratio of upward to downward-going events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations giving: R_data(up/down)/R_MC(up/down) = 0.62^{+0.19}_{-0.14} (stat.) +- 0.02 (sys.). An extended maximum likelihood analysis of the observed L/E distributions excludes the null hypothesis of no neutrino oscillations at the 98 % confidence level. Using the curvature of the observed muons in the 1.3 T MINOS magnetic field muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino interactions are separated. The ratio of muon neutrino to muon anti-neutrino events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation assuming neutrinos and anti-neutrinos oscillate in same manner giving: R_data(numubar/numu)/R_MC(numubar/numu) = 0.96^{+0.38}_{-0.27} (stat.) +- 0.15 (sys.), where the errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Although the statistics are limited, this is the first direct observation of atmospheric neutrino interactions separately for muon neutrinos and muon anti-neutrinos.
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- 2006
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11. Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors and the NuMI neutrino beam
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C. Velissaris, P. Stamoulis, A. Godley, A. E. Kreymer, E. Grashorn, B. Speakman, M. Gebhard, R. Piteira, D. J. Koskinen, J. Hanson, B. C. Choudhary, H. A. Rubin, N. P. Longley, C. W. Peck, F. A. Nezrick, Mcd Sanchez, T. Patzak, H. Courant, Karol Lang, V. Bocean, M. Dorman, N. Hill, R. Ford, G. Tzanakos, Douglas Wright, Anatael Cabrera, A. Holin, J. W. Dawson, D. G. Michael, M. Zois, M. P. Andrews, O. Fackler, T. Joffe-Minor, Marvin L Marshak, C. Howcroft, G. Koizumi, V. Smirnitsky, J. M. Swan, M. Watabe, R. Armstrong, W. P. Oliver, G. I. Merzon, N. West, Ken Heller, N. Mayer, E. A. Peterson, T. Kafka, P. A. Symes, S. M. Seun, D. S. Ayres, P. M. Border, J. Reichenbacher, Weonjong Lee, A. Stefanik, N. Tagg, S. L. Mufson, L. Jenner, E. P. Hartouni, J. J. Evans, Niki Saoulidou, G. F. Pearce, B. Baller, R. A. Rameika, T. Osiecki, M. J. Murtagh, B. Rebel, V. Verebryusov, V. A. Ryabov, Randall White, A. Sousa, Francisco Yumiceva, G.D. Barr, V. Makeev, Jorge G. Morfin, S. Boyd, D. Krakauer, R. L. Talaga, P. S. Miyagawa, William L. Barrett, P. Shanahan, B. Bock, E. Beall, S. Childress, Y. Ho, John Miller, C. James, Juergen Thomas, P. J. Litchfield, John Marshall, G. J. Alner, A. Mislivec, C. Arroyo, H. R. Gallagher, Carole C. Perry, M. Dierckxsens, Andrew Blake, R. P. Litchfield, T. C. Nicholls, Yu. A. Gornushkin, D. Rahman, T. Alexopoulos, D. A. Harris, T. H. Fields, J. Trevor, J. H. Cobb, K. Grzelak, N. Grossman, R. Hatcher, A. R. Erwin, V. J. Guarino, M. Bishai, S. Madani, A. D. Marino, J. Gogos, H. Zheng, G. A. Giurgiu, T. Durkin, D. R. Ward, A. C. Weber, M. Ignatenko, Ji-Yong Liu, S. Avvakumov, J. J. Grudzinski, D. M. DeMuth, N. Felt, E. Buckley-Geer, J. Oliver, Thomas R. Chase, G. J. Bock, J. K. de Jong, W. G. Yan, S. Murgia, R. Morse, R. Lee, B. Viren, C. P. Ward, D. Bhattacharya, John Derek Chapman, T. Bergfeld, M. Libkind, D. Pushka, J. Hartnell, P.D. Shield, A. J. Culling, D. Crane, S. Chernichenko, S. M S Kasahara, L. Wai, D. J. Auty, D. Cherdack, A. Lebedev, B. R. Becker, Carlos Escobar, W. Luebke, S. Kumaratunga, J. R. Meier, J. K. Nelson, M. Vakili, L. E. Price, R. K. Plunkett, G. Tinti, K. E. Arms, R. Trendler, Peter D. Barnes, Kevin Anderson, Caleb Smith, Ruben Saakyan, Sacha E Kopp, R. Gran, Paul Schoessow, D. E. Reyna, S.R. Mishra, P. Lucas, T. Yang, Warner A. Miller, J. M. Paley, C. Andreopoulos, E. Maher, M. Kostin, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, D. E. Jaffe, Harvey B Newman, J. L. Thron, E. Falk Harris, C. D. Moore, L. Mualem, A. L. Read, A. A. Wehmann, P. Adamson, C. Bungau, M. Proga, T. M. Raufer, M. V. Frohne, R. Halsall, M. Ishitsuka, W. Smart, V.A. Onuchin, G. M. Irwin, G. J. Feldman, J. McDonald, A. Pla-Dalmau, D. Drakoulakos, A. Byon-Wagner, R. H. Milburn, Reinhard Schwienhorst, W. A. Mann, R. J. Nichol, J. Boehm, Q. K. Wu, R. C. Webb, P. Gouffon, J. A. Thompson, Alec Habig, A. Belias, M. A. Barker, P. Schreiner, J. Urheim, V. Paolone, C. R. Bower, V. K. Semenov, J. A. Musser, A. De Santo, P. Vahle, C. White, D. J. Boehnlein, C. Laughton, M. Kordosky, Ž Pavlović, D. Bogert, R. Pittam, C. Nelson, A. Marchionni, I. Trostin, Alexander Terekhov, C. Rosenfeld, V. A. Tsarev, D. Indurthy, N. Pearson, B. C. Barish, H. J. Kang, Hyun-Chul Kim, G. Drake, A. M. McGowan, K. Ruddick, D. A. Jensen, M. S. Kim, A. S. Ladran, K. Vaziri, E. Tetteh-Lartey, R. Ducar, M. D. Messier, Philip Harris, J. C. Yun, J. D. Cossairt, W.W.M. Allison, R. Ospanov, P. N. Smith, P. Sullivan, M. A. Thomson, D. Naples, Stanley G. Wojcicki, J. Hylen, R. H. Bernstein, A. Para, M. C. Goodman, M. V. Diwan, J. Kilmer, D. A. Petyt, H. Ping, S. K. Kotelnikov, J. Schneps, R. Andrews, R. Zwaska, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), MINOS, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
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Particle physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Q1 ,01 natural sciences ,NuMI ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Muon neutrino ,Fermilab ,010306 general physics ,Neutrino oscillation ,QC ,Physics ,Muon ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,MINOS ,14.60.Lm, 14.60.Pq, 29.27.-a, 29.30.-h ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Lepton - Abstract
This letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rate and energy spectra of charged current muon neutrino interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 km and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10^{20} 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336 \pm 14.4 events. The data are consistent with muon neutrino disappearance via oscillation with |\Delta m^2_{23}| = 2.74^{+0.44}_{-0.26} x 10^{-3} eV^2/c^4 and sin^2(2\theta_{23}) > 0.87 (at 60% C.L.)., Comment: To be submitted to PRL. 6 pages, 4 figures
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- 2006
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12. A CsI-Active Pixel Sensor Based Detector for Gamma Ray Imaging
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S. Martin, Renato Turchetta, A. Clark, J. Crooks, Noel Evans, A D Holland, R. J. Ott, R. Halsall, Emma J. Harris, Philip M. Evans, J. Osmond, M. Prydderch, and M. Key-Charriere
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Physics ,CMOS sensor ,Pixel ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Detector ,Gamma ray ,Collimator ,Scintillator ,Noise (electronics) ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,business ,Image resolution - Abstract
A Startracker CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor with 525times525 pixels each 25 microns/side has been coupled via a fibre optic stud to a CsI(Tl) crystal 2mm times 20mm times 20mm to form a test detector of gamma rays of energy between 60 keV and 200 keV. The crystal is segmented into 400 micron elements separated by 100 microns of filler. The system records images at 10 f/sec and is interfaced to a PC via an FPGA-based DAQ and optical link. Image acquisition is performed using a MatLab-based GUI. Noise is measured to be ~100 electrons with a temperature dependence of ~0.4%/C indicating that the majority of noise is reset related or fixed pattern in nature rather than statistical thermal noise. Images have been acquired using a Tc99m source placed directly onto the CsI(Tl) crystals as well as through several lead collimators. The structure of the CsI(Tl) scintillator is easy resolved once a noise image is subtracted and an intrinsic spatial resolution of 80-90 microns is measured. The system spatial resolution with a collimator is ~450 microns for 140keV photons. The results indicate that the present APS has too high a noise level for imaging low energy photons but a new device with ~25 electrons noise plus the potential to provide on-chip signal thresholding and cluster analysis could become part of a large-area intelligent gamma ray imager with a sub-mm spatial resolution at 140 keV.
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- 2006
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13. Digital autoradiography using CCD and CMOS imaging technology
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Kevin Wells, S. Martin, R. Halsall, Ian Kitchen, M. Key-Charriere, Jorge Cabello, Mark L. Prydderch, Renato Turchetta, Alexis Bailey, J. Crooks, and A. Clark
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CMOS sensor ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Dynamic range ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Digital imaging ,Linearity ,CMOS ,Imaging technology ,Medical imaging ,Optoelectronics ,Computer vision ,Charge-coupled device ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
CCD and CMOS imaging technologies can be applied to thin tissue autoradiography as potential imaging alternatives to using conventional film. In this work, we compare two particular devices; a CCD operating in slow scan mode and a CMOS-based active pixel sensor, operating at near video rates. Both imaging sensors have been operated at room temperature with images produced from calibrated microscales and radio-labelled tissue samples. We also compare these digital imaging technologies with the use of conventional film. We show first comparative results obtained with 14C calibrated microscales and 35S radiolabelled tissue sections. We also present first results of 3H images produced under direct irradiation of a CCD sensor operating at room temperature. Compared to film, silicon-based imaging technologies exhibit enhanced sensitivity, dynamic range and linearity.
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- 2006
14. The effect of highly ionising particles on the CMS silicon strip tracker
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R. van Staa, L. Perera, Pierre Juillot, A. Linn, V. Bellini, D. Coppage, Simon Kwan, Frank Raupach, Ch. Hörmann, D. Pandoulas, Roberto Dell'Orso, Salvatore My, D. Benedetti, J. P Dewulf, Andrea Candelori, B. De-Callatay, T. A. Bolton, P. Siegrist, Cecilia Elena Gerber, Mário Costa, T. Weiler, Marek Tasevsky, N. Lumb, Alessia Tricomi, K. Gabathuler, M. Nigro, Othmane Bouhali, R. Ranieri, Lutz Feld, C. Grab, Melody A. Swartz, Mika Huhtinen, Piero Giubilato, Tommaso Boccali, Jaakko Härkönen, Danek Kotlinski, Manfred Krammer, F. Defontaines, Salvatore Costa, M. Sani, A. Roy, Andrea Giammanco, Marc Weber, David Colling, Gordon H. Hanson, Benjamin Trocmé, Leonard Spiegel, Robert Klanner, R. Santinelli, M. Pernicka, A. Theel, B. Mangano, Laura Borrello, V. Roberfroid, B. Hegner, Thomas Bergauer, Stephane Perries, Costas Foudas, J. H. Wickens, S. Tkaczyk, Guido Tonelli, J.-M. Brom, Ghislain Grégoire, C. Vander-Velde, Giuseppe Zito, Ettore Focardi, D. Vintache, Raffaello D'Alessandro, B. Gobbi, G. Páztor, Daniel E. Hale, W. De Boer, W. Kahl, Timothy Koeth, Duccio Abbaneo, Karl Gill, A. Moggi, Donato Creanza, W. Braunschweig, Wolfram Erdmann, Wolfgang Waltenberger, J. Jones, J. Heyninck, M. Angarano, U. Holm, Giovanna Selvaggi, Wolfgang Adam, R. Goorens, Fabrizio Palla, T. Kress, F. Boegelspacher, B. A. Barnett, Alessandro Giassi, A. Marchioro, V. Radicci, M. Noy, Alessandra Romero, O. Zorba, Josef Hrubec, M. D’Alfonso, E. A. De Wolf, J. Lamb, Jean-Charles Fontaine, Denis Favart, D. Bisello, M. A. Kubantsev, T. Ten, S. Heier, R. Strub, Eva Halkiadakis, M.R. Pearson, Thomas Müller, G. Sguazzoni, Francois Vasey, A. Ostaptchouk, A. Schultz von Dratzig, N. De Filippis, E. Bartz, Michael Wlochal, A. Furgeri, Steve Schnetzer, Felicitas Pauss, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, Roland Horisberger, Waclaw Karpinski, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Paolo Azzurri, Bruno Wittmer, Lucia Silvestris, A. Onnela, S. Kyre, Matteo Risoldi, Alice Bean, Pascal Vanlaer, G. Schwering, Th. Hermanns, N. Dinu, L. Neuckermans, K. W. Bell, Frédéric Drouhin, Geoffrey Hall, L. Christofek, K. Hangarter, Didier Contardo, T. Ortega-Gomez, Umesh Joshi, Robert Stone, F. Charles, D. White, Paolo Petagna, A. Bocci, G. Pierschel, D. Kim, T. Franke, Marco Meschini, Gian Mario Bilei, G. Parrini, S. Kasselmann, C. M. Sutera, Oliver Pooth, N. Magini, N. W. Reay, M. Ageron, Kirill Prokofiev, Alain Ninane, W. Beaumont, U. Pein, A. Flossdorf, S. Korjenevski, M. Demarteau, Geng-Yuan Jeng, Eija Tuominen, Georg Steinbrück, R. N. Tilden, Arno Heister, N. Pukhaeva, S. Worm, Ulrich Goerlach, Claudio Campagnari, Teppo Mäenpää, B. Checcucci, Paolo Lariccia, Rudolf Fruehwirth, Barbara Clerbaux, Cristina Tuve, G. Maggi, R. Siedling, Cristina Biino, A. MacPherson, M. Duda, Gregory Iles, K. Freudenreich, H. Pruys, Gigi Rolandi, M. Bleyl, Andrea Rizzi, G. Segneri, Alan Garfinkel, P. Barrillon, Peter Schleper, A. Hocker, Vincent Lemaitre, Maiko Takahashi, G. Rogers, Marcello Mannelli, P. Blüm, F. Didierjean, J. Mnich, I. Troska, H.-Ch. Kästli, R. Halsall, M. Atac, S. König, A. K. Honma, Rino Castaldi, P. Gartung, R. Brauer, Paul Tipton, M. De Palma, Stefanos Dris, David Mark Raymond, Christophe Delaere, D. Michotte, J.D. Berst, Panja-Riina Luukka, R. L. Lander, Peter Robmann, Ph. Herquet, M. Loreti, B. Atz, Eric Chabanat, L. Gross, M. Frey, G. De Lentdecker, F. Ahmed, M. S. Mennea, F. Beissel, P. Steck, D. Ricci, Horst Breuker, D. A. Sanders, Tuure Tuuva, Cristiana Peroni, X. Rouby, G.W Liang, D. E. Pellett, Sandor Czellar, B. Perea-Solano, T. Speer, A. Basti, Flera Rizatdinova, Alexander Dierlamm, Tomas Lindén, Jacopo Bernardini, N. Bernardino-Rodriguez, Stefaan Tavernier, Paolo Spagnolo, Giacomo Bruno, Roberto Chierici, A. Kaminsky, Claude Amsler, R. Blaes, A. Macchiolo, M. Stoye, A. Dorokhov, Séverine Ovyn, Ricardo Eusebi, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, Carlo Civinini, S. De-Visscher, Livio Fanò, S. Mersi, P. Tempesta, R. Demina, C. Olivetto, N. Schirm, W. Bertl, J. P. Ernenwein, G. Leibenguth, R. Eichler, Attilio Santocchia, E. Carrone, S. Cucciarelli, Sebastiano Albergo, P. Vanhove, C. Y. Chien, Renato Potenza, A. Affolder, André Schöning, B. Reinhold, Maurizio Biasini, Simone Gennai, T. Barvich, S. Dutta, C. Zucchetti, Carsten Rott, M.J. French, M. Puscalau, Andreas Nowack, R. Taylor, Vitaliano Ciulli, J. L. Bonnet, C. Regenfus, M. Poettgens, P. Bartalini, D. Sentenac, R. Haroutunian, A. Khanov, G. Landi, Ariella Cattai, N. Estre, Simone Paoletti, E. Daubie, D. Rizzi, M. Thomas, V. Postolache, O. Van-der-Aa, Gino Bolla, Giuseppe Bagliesi, C. Yu, Massimiliano Chiorboli, Frank Hartmann, K. D. Boffin, Günter Flügge, P.P. Trapani, M. Vander-Donckt, Luigi Fiore, L. Servoli, Otilia Militaru, L. M. Cremaldi, Teimuraz Lomtadze, M. Eppard, Tommaso Dorigo, J. De-Favereau-de-Jeneret, L. Jones, Jorma Tuominiemi, Elizaveta Shabalina, Oliver Buchmuller, H. M. Katajisto, Th. Keutgen, N. R. Stanton, Ian R Tomalin, Riccardo Rando, G. Dirkes, Philip Baringer, John A Coughlan, Valery Zhukov, Sudhir Malik, Daniela Bortoletto, B. C. MacEvoy, F. Palmonari, Natale Demaria, Maria Teresa Brunetti, E. De Langhe, L. Van Lancker, E. Babucci, Vincenzo Chiochia, J. Leaver, S. Schael, G. Favro, Jorgen D'Hondt, J. P. Fernandez, Tilman Rohe, Lorenzo Foà, Joe Incandela, Veikko Karimäki, C. Kukulies, E. Grigoriev, J. Olzem, Domenico Giordano, Alberto Messineo, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, Robert Bainbridge, K. Wick, G. Magazzu, H. Postema, Markus Friedl, J. Doroshenko, R. Grabit, F. Raffaelli, Katja Klein, S. Assouak, H. Esser, F. Bosi, R. Adolphi, G. De Robertis, Alessandro Paccagnella, I. Boulogne, Nicola Bacchetta, Jonathan Fulcher, Tapio Lampén, A. Frey, M. Fahrer, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Abdenour Lounis, M. Giorgi, Giancarlo Mantovani, R. A. Sidwell, C. Maazouzi, C. Marchettini, S. Tesch, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Silicon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Hadron ,APV25 ,chemistry.chemical_element ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear physics ,Highly ionising particles ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,07.50.-e ,07.89.+b ,29.40.Gx ,85.40.-e ,Silicon strip tracker ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation ,Compact Muon Solenoid ,Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,CMS ,Detector ,APV25, CMS, Highly ionising particles, Silicon strip tracker ,Chip ,Chemistry ,chemistry ,Engineering sciences. Technology ,Beam (structure) - Abstract
Inelastic nuclear collisions of hadrons incident on silicon sensors can generate secondary highly ionising particles (HIPs) and deposit as much energy within the sensor bulk as several hundred minimum ionising particles. The large signals generated by these 'HIP events' can momentarily saturate the APV25 front-end readout chip for the silicon strip tracker (SST) sub-detector of the compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment, resulting in deadtime in the detector readout system. This paper presents studies of this phenomenon through simulation, laboratory measurements and dedicated beam tests. A proposed change to a front-end component to reduce the APV25 sensitivity to HIP events is also examined. The results are used to infer the expected effect on the performance of the CMS SST at the future large hadron collider. The induced inefficiencies are at the percent level and will have a negligible effect on the physics performance of the SST. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- 2005
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15. Performance of a cluster of multi-anode photomultipliers equipped with lenses for use in a prototype RICH detector
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A. Duane, R. Halsall, E. Albrecht, Neville Harnew, Lars Eklund, M. John, J.H. Bibby, Jonas Rademacker, S. Playfer, G. Wilkinson, A. Petrolini, A. W. Halley, D. Websdale, M. Charles, G.J. Barber, F. Muheim, Nigel Smale, Marta Calvi, V. Gibson, S Topp-Jorgenson, S. Easo, S G Katvars, J. Libby, M.J. French, S. A. Wotton, Marco Paganoni, Stephan Eisenhardt, J Baker, Darren Price, Albrecht, E, Baker, J, Barber, G, Bibby, J, Calvi, M, Charles, M, Duane, A, Easo, S, Eisenhardt, S, Eklund, L, French, M, Gibson, V, Halley, A, Halsall, R, Harnew, N, John, M, Katvars, S, Libby, J, Muheim, F, Paganoni, M, Petrolini, A, Playfer, S, Price, D, Rademacker, J, Smale, N, Topp Jorgenson, S, Websdale, D, Wilkinson, G, and Wotton, S
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photomultiplier ,business.industry ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Cherenkov detectors ,Detector ,Photodetector ,multi-anode photomultiplier tubes ,Charged particle ,lenses ,LHCb ,Anode ,Lense ,Optics ,Multi-anode photomultiplier tube ,Cluster (physics) ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Charged particle beam ,business ,Instrumentation ,Cherenkov radiation ,Cherenkov detector ,Nuclear and High Energy Physic - Abstract
A cluster of multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MaPMTs) equipped with focusing lenses in front of the tubes was tested in a prototype ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector in a charged particle beam. The readout electronics were capable of capturing the data at 40MHz. The effects due to charged particles and magnetic field on the MaPMT performance were also studied. The results are used to evaluate the MaPMT as a possible photodetector for the LHCb RICH detectors. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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- 2002
16. The MINOS scintillator calorimeter system
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K.V. Alexandrov, L. E. Price, J.H. Cobb, H. R. Gallagher, N. Diaczenko, Niki Saoulidou, D. A. Harris, V. K. Semenov, D.F. Anderson, G. Koizumi, G. F. Pearce, I. Shein, J. K. Nelson, A. R. Erwin, D. J. Boehnlein, C. Laughton, A. Nozdrin, R. Halsall, P.J. Dervan, T. Nicholls, Warner A. Miller, D. Bogert, G. J. Alner, Raymond Lee, R. Ducar, C. Nelson, P. Lucas, S. Childress, D. Naples, V. Kochetkov, W.W.M. Allison, M. Drew, N. Hill, John Oliver, E. Falk Harris, G. J. Bock, P. Adamson, Y.F. Lai, M. Kordosky, V. Smirnitsky, A. Marchionni, N. Giokaris, T. Durkin, N. Grossman, Philip Harris, G. I. Merzon, Ruben Saakyan, Sacha E Kopp, C. Arroyo, S. Bilenky, V. J. Guarino, J. Hylen, A. Para, N. Felt, S. R. Mishra, M. C. Goodman, M. V. Diwan, Z. Krumstein, V. A. Ryabov, P. S. Miyagawa, P. J. Litchfield, T. Hu, A. Napier, Kevin Anderson, D. S. Ayres, R.H. Bernstien, T. Patzak, Yu. A. Gornushkin, R. Edgecock, M. C. Sanchez, Np Longley, M. D. Messier, S. Hayden, Caleb Smith, E. Melnikov, S. Madani, P. N. Smith, B. Rebel, A. Soldatov, P. M. Border, V. Makeev, E. P. Hartouni, S. Eichblatt, Q.H. Hu, E. Buckley-Geer, N. Pearson, S. Chernichenko, K. Ruddick, Harvey B Newman, A. Sadovski, G. Alexeev, J. R. Meier, L. Mualem, A. L. Read, J. Kilmer, J. J. Grudzinski, Erik Katsavounidis, B.W. Sheng, L. Miller, T. H. Fields, R. LeBeau, C. James, R. K. Plunkett, William L. Barrett, Paul Schoessow, S. L. Mufson, A. Olshevski, Jie Liu, Marvin L Marshak, V.A. Onuchin, Ken Heller, R. H. Milburn, G. M. Irwin, M. J. Murtagh, G. J. Feldman, W. Smart, R. Hatcher, W. A. Mann, Gary Drake, D. M. DeMuth, B. C. Choudhary, E. A. Peterson, Thomas R. Chase, David Petyt, M. Ignatenko, W. P. Oliver, T. Alexopoulos, D. Attree, A. Sisakian, J. D. Cossairt, R. Morse, M. A. Barker, C. Rosenfeld, Hyun-Chul Kim, J. Schneps, S. M. S. Kasahara, Alexandre Lebedev, Peter D. Barnes, J. Guo, A. Byon-Wagner, J. Mofin, D. Krakauer, D. G. Michael, J. McDonald, T. Joffe-Minor, A. Cohee, Yu. Gilitsky, M. Gebhard, E. Avignone, A. Kulik, C. Andreopoulos, V. Paolone, C. R. Bower, J. W. Dawson, Yu. Gutnikov, J. A. Musser, C. W. Peck, R.A. Rameika, T. Kafka, H. Courant, Karol Lang, V. Gudkov, V. Smotriaev, B. Barsh, Carole C. Perry, J. Hanson, D. Pushka, Britt Anderson, A. DeSanto, Anna Pla-Dalmau, B. Baller, and R.M. Heinz
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Calorimeter (particle physics) ,business.industry ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector ,Photodetector ,Physics::Optics ,STRIPS ,Scintillator ,law.invention ,Optics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,MINOS ,law ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Neutrino ,business ,Image resolution - Abstract
The MINOS detectors will use extruded plastic scintillator strips, which are readout by wavelength-shifting fibres coupled to multi-pixel photodetectors. This technique provides excellent energy and spatial resolution. The MINOS detectors are described in detail along with results from the light output tests.
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- 2002
17. Expression of two closely linked hydrophobin genes of Coprinus cinereus is monokaryon-specific and down-regulated by the oid-1 mutation
- Author
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Sigridur A. Ásgeirsdóttir, John R. Halsall, and Lorna A. Casselton
- Subjects
Sequence analysis ,Hydrophobin ,Genetic Linkage ,Surface Properties ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Coprinus ,Fungal Proteins ,Complementary DNA ,Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ,Genetics ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cloning, Molecular ,Gene ,Monokaryon ,Dikaryon ,Regulation of gene expression ,Base Sequence ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Molecular biology ,Multigene Family ,Mutation ,Cosmid ,Sequence Alignment - Abstract
A protein with characteristic properties of a fungal hydrophobin (CoH1) was isolated from the monokaryotic stage of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. A cosmid clone containing the corresponding gene (coH1) was identified using a cDNA probe derived by RT-PCR. Hybridization and sequence analysis identified a second gene, coH2, just 4.1 kb downstream of coH1 encoding a hydrophobin (CoH2) with 64% sequence identity. Both coH1 and coH2 are subject to developmental regulation. They are expressed in vegetative monokaryotic cells but not in the asexual oidia produced on the surface of monokaryons. Transcripts of the genes were barely detected in dikaryotic mycelium and were absent from fruit bodies. Loss of aerial growth due to a mutation known as oid-1 was correlated with lack of both hydrophobins.
- Published
- 1997
18. The data merger readout controller for the NA48 experiment data acquisition electronics
- Author
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A. Main, C. Moss, S.P.H. Quinton, S.B. Galagedera, V.J.O. Perera, R. Halsall, M. Watt, N. Mckay, Ken Peach, O. Boyle, and B. Brierton
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Fold (higher-order function) ,business.industry ,Production cost ,NA48 experiment ,Particle detector ,Data acquisition ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Nuclear electronics ,Control system ,Electronic engineering ,Electronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Computer hardware - Abstract
The NA48 experiment offers a four fold improvement in statistical and systematic error over earlier measurements of the magnitude of the direct CP (Charge-Parity) violation of the neutral Kaon system. This requires maximum event readout efficiency, controlled event building and fast monitoring of run time errors. The event data flow in particular must be sustained at 100 Mbyte/s. The Data Merger Readout Controller presented in this paper offers this facility at minimal production cost.
- Published
- 1996
19. The TrainBuilder ATCA data acquisition board for the European-XFEL
- Author
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John A Coughlan, R. Halsall, S. Galagedera, J Edwards, C Day, and E Freeman
- Subjects
Data acquisition ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Detector ,Process (computing) ,Electrical engineering ,10 Gigabit Ethernet ,Crossbar switch ,business ,Field-programmable gate array ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics ,Computer hardware - Abstract
The TrainBuilder is an Advanced Telecom ATCA data acquisition board being developed at the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory to provide readout for the large 2D Mega-pixel detectors under construction for the European-XFEL in Hamburg. Each ATCA board can process ~ 8 GBytes/sec of raw detector data. The TrainBuilder system merges up to 5,120 partial detector images per second using FPGAs with DDR2 data buffers and an analogue crosspoint switch architecture. The TrainBuilder links operate with 10 Gigabit Ethernet protocols implemented in FPGA logic. The first TrainBuilder demonstrator boards were manufactured in Q1/2012.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The data acquisition card for the Large Pixel Detector at the European-XFEL
- Author
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S Cook, S. Taghavi, John A Coughlan, R. Halsall, and C Day
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Detector ,Digital data ,Electrical engineering ,Front and back ends ,Data link ,Data acquisition ,Particle physics experiments ,Supermodule ,business ,Field-programmable gate array ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
The Front End Module (FEM) is a custom on-detector FPGA based digital data acquisition card for the Large Pixel Detector (LPD) currently under construction for the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (Eu-XFEL) facility in Hamburg. The data acquisition systems at the Eu-XFEL facility will have to cope with beam timing and data rates comparable to those in particle physics experiments and employs similar components and techniques. The prototype Large Pixel Detector under construction at the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory contains one Megapixel sensor elements and is constructed out of 16 identical supermodules. A FEM card is mounted on the rear of each supermodule and provides readout and control functions. Each FEM is linked to the central data acquisition by a 10 Gbps optical fibre data link running 10Gb UDP/IP protocols. In normal operation the LPD detector will generate 10 GBytes/sec of processed data for every one Megapixel of sensor area. This paper describes the design of the FEM and experience with the first prototype cards.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Train Builder data acquisition system for the European-XFEL
- Author
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C Day, John A Coughlan, R. Halsall, and S. Galagedera
- Subjects
Data link ,Data acquisition ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Detector ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Pulse wave ,Field-programmable gate array ,business ,Instrumentation ,Merge (version control) ,Mathematical Physics ,Computer hardware - Abstract
The Train Builder is an Advanced Telecom ATCA based custom data acquisition system designed to provide a common readout system for the large 2D Mega-pixel detectors presently under construction for the European-XFEL facility in Hamburg. Each detector outputs 10 GBytes/sec of raw data over multiple 10 Gbps SFP+ optical links. The Train Builder DAQ system will merge detector link image fragments from up to 512 X-ray pulses in each pulse train and send the complete detector ``movies'' of images to a farm of PCs. The image building will be carried out using FPGAs with analogue Crosspoint switches operating in a barrel shift mode. The Train Builder data links will operate with 10G UDP&TCP/IP based protocols implemented in FPGA logic.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Remotely Multiplexed Data Acquisition for Media Systems
- Author
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J. R. Halsall and I. J. Kirby
- Subjects
Engineering ,Instrumentation and control engineering ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Control engineering ,Multiplexing ,Data acquisition ,Supervisory control ,Control system ,Encoding (memory) ,Process control ,Digital control ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Computer hardware - Abstract
The MEDIA digital process control system providing a comprehensive approach to computer control, centralized display, and operator intervention is briefly reviewed. This system consists of a range of modules for encoding individual measurements, generating individual loop control functions, and adjusting individual regulating elements on a continuous basis without using sampling techniques.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Fast two dimensional cluster finding in particle physics
- Author
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Murrough Landon, P. Flynne, D. Campbell, T.P. Shah, G.H. Grayer, Jonathan M. Gregory, M.P. Jimack, P. Jovanovic, D. G. Charlton, E. Eisenhandler, J. Fensome, I. R. Kenyon, J. Garvey, R. Stephens, Nicolas Ellis, N. Bains, John A Coughlan, S.A. Baird, S. Galagadera, M. Cawthraw, and R. Halsall
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,Process (computing) ,Particle accelerator ,Particle detector ,Computational science ,law.invention ,Instructions per second ,Programmable Array Logic ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,law ,Cluster (physics) ,Electronic engineering ,Measuring instrument ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
The cluster finding module (CFM) is part of the UA1 trigger processor. The CFM detects and counts two-dimensional clusters of electromagnetic particles. This process requires 75 ns for detection of either isolated or nonisolated clusters and 75 ns to count them. This is equivalent to a peak computational rate of 11000 MIPS (million instructions per second) per module (3000 MIPS average). The required high logic density and speed are achieved by using programmable array logic devices within a pipelined system. The design has been strongly influenced by the need for in-situ computer testing. >
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Media Telemetry Systems for Data Acquisition and Transfer
- Author
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I. R. Halsall and I. J. Kirby
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Real-time computing ,General Engineering ,Process (computing) ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Control room ,Data acquisition ,Electricity generation ,Control system ,Telemetry ,Electronic engineering ,Process control ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Data transmission - Abstract
The problem of unreasonably complex process wiring in large power generating stations and in continuous process plant can be overcome in two ways by using telemetry systems, firstly for Data Acquisition from each section of the plant to the corresponding control room, and secondly for Data Transfer between interlinked control rooms.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. UA1 upgrade first-level calorimeter trigger processor
- Author
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S. Galagedera, T. P. Shah, N. Bains, Jonathan M. Gregory, P. Jovanovic, G.H. Grayer, I. Fensome, J. Garvey, D. Campbell, M. Cawthraw, S.A. Baird, R. Halsall, Nicolas Ellis, Murrough Landon, Dave Charlton, M.P. Jimack, John A Coughlan, R. Stephens, P. Flynn, E. Eisenhandler, and I. R. Kenyon
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,Calorimeter (particle physics) ,business.industry ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,Low energy ,Upgrade ,law ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Granularity ,Total energy ,business ,Collider ,Instrumentation ,Computer hardware ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
A new first-level trigger processor has been built for the UA1 experiment on the Cern SppS Collider. The processor exploits the fine granularity of the new UA1 uranium-TMP calorimeter to improve the selectivity of the trigger. The new electron trigger has improved hadron jet rejection, achieved by requiring low energy deposition around the electromagnetic cluster. A missing transverse energy trigger and a total energy trigger have also been implemented.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Remote Operation in Decommissioning
- Author
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L. Da Costa, J. R. Halsall, E. Kirchner, N. H. E. Larcombe, F. De Buck, P. Drücke, and M. Leconte
- Subjects
Nuclear facilities ,Radiation exposure ,Intervention (law) ,Remote operation ,Computer science ,Nuclear industry ,law ,Shutdown ,Systems engineering ,Nuclear decommissioning ,Remote control ,law.invention - Abstract
In order to reduce radiation exposure and occupational hazards during decommissioning tasks in nuclear facilities, and to allow intervention at an early stage after shutdown and in situation of accident, remotely controlled and, during execution of specific operations, autonomous systems are needed.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. An Improved Method for Determining the Hydrocarbon Fraction of Diesel Particulates by Vacuum Oven Sublimation
- Author
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R. Halsall, Benjamin J. Schwartz, and M. L. McMillan
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Diesel fuel ,Hydrocarbon ,Trace Amounts ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Analytical chemistry ,Exhaust gas ,Sublimation (phase transition) ,Particulates ,Diesel engine ,Heat engine - Abstract
A new vacuum-oven sublimation method (PVOS) for measuring the hydrocarbon fraction of diesel particulates has been developed to overcome problems with the standard vacuum-oven sublimation technique (VOS). VOS gave extremely low (negative at 15:1 A/F) results for diesel particulate samples taken at medium to high load (25:1 or lower A/F). The low results are due to the adsorption by the samples of trace amounts of continuously regenerated (from test samples and oven seals) heavy-hydrocarbon oven contaminants. PVOS corrects the problem by using a nitrogen gas purge to seep hydrocarbons from the oven during testing. Comparisons among PVOS, VOS and methylene chloride extraction (MCE) over a range of A/F and engine speeds showed that PVOS results correlate more closely with MCE results than do results determined by the standard VOS technique.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Gated Phonocardiogram: A Method of Digital Enhancement
- Author
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S. B. Pett, R. Halsall, E. I. Hoover, W. A. Gay, and V. Subramanian
- Subjects
Phonocardiogram ,Microprocessor ,Signal quality ,Computer science ,law ,Electronic engineering ,Sound analysis ,Gating ,law.invention - Abstract
Automated heart sound analysis has been slow to develop for a number of reasons, two of which are signal quality and physiologic variability. These difficulties can be readily approached through current microprocessor technology and the sequential overlay average (gating) of the phonocardiogram (PCG).
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The ZEUS first level tracking trigger
- Author
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M. Lancaster, A. Middleton, J. Biltzinger, Greg P Heath, A. Mass, F. F. Wilson, T.L. Short, R. Halsall, B. Foster, P.D. Shield, S. Madani, B. Diekmann, and S.S. Wilson
- Subjects
Physics ,Proton (rocket family) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,ZEUS (particle detector) ,Processor design ,Component (UML) ,Detector ,Real-time computing ,Range (statistics) ,Upstream (networking) ,Tracking (particle physics) ,Instrumentation - Abstract
The ZEUS experiment has a three-level trigger system to select electron-proton interaction events from a large anticipated background of proton beam-gas. The first level decision is formed using pipelined hardware processors clocked at the 96 ns beam crossing frequency. A vital component of this decision is discrimination against upstream events using tracking detector information. The processors use three-dimensional space points measured in the central tracking detector to find pointing tracks over most of the θ range, and include forward tracking detector information to improve the resolution and angular coverage in the proton forward direction. The processor design status and performance simulation results are presented.
30. The CMS tracker readout front end driver
- Author
-
J. Fulcher, M.R. Pearson, S. Taghavi, Jane Coughlan, R. Bainbridge, I. R. Tomalin, E.J. Freeman, W J F Gannon, Ivan Reid, I. Church, John A. Jones, E. Corrin, R. Halsall, G. Rogers, D. Ballard, O. Zorba, Matthew Noy, Gregory E. Hall, G. Iles, J. Salisbury, C P Day, J. Leaver, Costas Foudas, and Michel Raymond
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Data processing ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Pipeline (computing) ,Reading (computer) ,Other Fields of Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Megabyte ,Front and back ends ,Data acquisition ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Application-specific integrated circuit ,Nuclear electronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Field-programmable gate array ,Compact Muon Solenoid ,Computer hardware - Abstract
The Front End Driver, FED, is a 9U 400mm VME64x card designed for reading out the Compact Muon Solenoid, CMS, silicon tracker signals transmitted by the APV25 analogue pipeline Application Specific Integrated Circuits. The FED receives the signals via 96 optical fibers at a total input rate of 3.4 GB/sec. The signals are digitized and processed by applying algorithms for pedestal and common mode noise subtraction. Algorithms that search for clusters of hits are used to further reduce the input rate. Only the cluster data along with trigger information of the event are transmitted to the CMS data acquisition system using the S-LINK64 protocol at a maximum rate of 400 MB/sec. All data processing algorithms on the FED are executed in large on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays. Results on the design, performance, testing and quality control of the FED are presented and discussed. The Front End Driver, FED, is a 9U 400mm VME64x card designed for reading out the Compact Muon Solenoid, CMS, silicon tracker signals transmitted by the APV25 analogue pipeline Application Specific Integrated Circuits. The FED receives the signals via 96 optical fibers at a total input rate of 3.4 GB/sec. The signals are digitized and processed by applying algorithms for pedestal and common mode noise subtraction. Algorithms that search for clusters of hits are used to further reduce the input rate. Only the cluster data along with trigger information of the event are transmitted to the CMS data acquisition system using the S-LINK64 protocol at a maximum rate of 400 MB/sec. All data processing algorithms on the FED are executed in large on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays. Results on the design, performance, testing and quality control of the FED are presented and discussed. The Front End Driver, FED, is a 9U 400mm VME64x card designed for reading out the Compact Muon Solenoid, CMS, silicon tracker signals transmitted by the APV25 analogue pipeline Application Specific Integrated Circuits. The FED receives the signals via 96 optical fibers at a total input rate of 3.4 GB/sec. The signals are digitized and processed by applying algorithms for pedestal and common mode noise subtraction. Algorithms that search for clusters of hits are used to further reduce the input rate. Only the cluster data along with trigger information of the event are transmitted to the CMS data acquisition system using the S-LINK64 protocol at a maximum rate of 400 MB/sec. All data processing algorithms on the FED are executed in large on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays. Results on the design, performance, testing and quality control of the FED are presented and discussed. The Front End Driver, FED, is a 9U 400mm VME64x card designed for reading out the Compact Muon Solenoid, CMS, silicon tracker signals transmitted by the APV25 analogue pipeline Application Specific Integrated Circuits. The FED receives the signals via 96 optical fibers at a total input rate of 3.4 GB/sec. The signals are digitized and processed by applying algorithms for pedestal and common mode noise subtraction. Algorithms that search for clusters of hits are used to further reduce the input rate. Only the cluster data along with trigger information of the event are transmitted to the CMS data acquisition system using the S-LINK64 protocol at a maximum rate of 400 MB/sec. All data processing algorithms on the FED are executed in large on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays. Results on the design, performance, testing and quality control of the FED are presented and discussed. The Front End Driver, FED, is a 9U 400mm VME64x card designed for reading out the Compact Muon Solenoid, CMS, silicon tracker signals transmitted by the APV25 analogue pipeline Application Specific Integrated Circuits. The FED receives the signals via 96 optical fibers at a total input rate of 3.4 GB/sec. The signals are digitized and processed by applying algorithms for pedestal and common mode noise subtraction. Algorithms that search for clusters of hits are used to further reduce the input rate. Only the cluster data along with trigger information of the event are transmitted to the CMS data acquisition system using the S-LINK64 protocol at a maximum rate of 400 MB/sec. All data processing algorithms on the FED are executed in large on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays. Results on the design, performance, testing and quality control of the FED are presented and discussed. The front end driver is a 9U 400mm VME64x card designed for reading out the CMS silicon tracker signals transmitted by the APV25 analogue pipeline ASICs. The FED receives the signals via 96 optical fibers at a total input rate of 3.4 GBytes/sec. The signals are digitized and processed by applying algorithms for pedestal and common mode noise subtraction. Algorithms that search for clusters of hits are used to further reduce the input rate. Only the cluster data along with trigger information of the event are transmitted to the CMS DAQ system using the S-LINK64 protocol at a maximum rate of 400 Mbytes/sec. All data processing algorithms on the FED are executed in large on-board FPGAs. Results on the design, performance, testing and quality control of the FED are presented and discussed.
31. C. A. J. Young
- Author
-
J. D. Tallantire and J. R. Halsall
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. National Health Service
- Author
-
R. R. Halsall
- Subjects
General Engineering ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Medicine ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 1948
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The CMS high level trigger
- Author
-
Adam, W., Bergauer, T., Deldicque, C., Ero, J., Fruehwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Kastner, K., Kostner, S., Neumeister, N., A, B, Padrta, M., Porth, P., Rohringer, H., Sakulin, H., C, Strauss, J., Taurok, A., Walzel, G., Wulz, C. E., Lowette, S., VAN DE VYVER, B., A, Vanlaer, G. DE LENTDECKER P., Delaere, C., Lemaitre, V., Ninane, A., VAN DER AA, O., Damgov, J., Karimaki, V., Kinnunen, R., Lampen, T., LASSILA PERINI, K., Lehti, S., Nysten, J., Tuominiemi, J., Busson, P., Todorov, T., B, Schwering, G., Gras, P., D, Daskalakis, G., E, Sfyrla, A., Barone, M., Geralis, T., Markou, C., Zachariadou, K., Hidas, P., Banerjee, S., F, Mazumdar, K., Abbrescia, M., Colaleo, A., Damato, N., DE FILIPPIS, Nicola, Giordano, D., Loddo, F., Maggi, M., Silvestris, L., Zito, G., Arcelli, S., Bonacorsi, D., Capiluppi, P., Dallavalle, G. M., Fanfani, A., Grandi, C., Marcellini, S., Montanari, A., Odorici, F., Travaglini, R., Costa, S., Tricomi, A., Ciulli, V., Magini, N., Ranieri, R., Berti, L., Biasotto, M., Gulmini, M., Maron, G., Toniolo, N., Zangrando, L., Bellato, M., Gasparini, U., Lacaprara, S., Parenti, A., Passaseo, M., Ronchese, P., Vanini, S., Ventura, S., Zotto, P. L., Benedetti, D., Mbiasini, Fano, L., Servoli, L., Bagliesi, G., Boccali, T., Dutta, S., Gennai, S., Giassi, A., Palla, F., Segneri, G., Starodumov, A., G, H, Tenchini, R., Meridiani, P., Organtini, G., Amapane, N., Bertolino, F., Cirio, R., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Pac, M. Y., Joo, K. K., Kim, S. B., Choi, Y. I., I. T., Yu, Cho, K., Chung, J., Ham, S. W., Kim, D. H., Kim, G. N., Kim, W., Kim, J. C., S. K., Oh, Park, H., S. R., Ro, Son, D. C., Suh, J. S., Aftab, Z., Hoorani, H., Osman, A., Bunkowski, K., Cwiok, M., Dominik, W., Doroba, K., Kazana, M., Krolikowski, J., Kudla, I., Pietrusinski, M., Pozniak, K., I, Zabolotny, W., Zalipska, J., Zych, P., Goscilo, L., Gorski, M., Wrochna, G., Zalewski, P., ALEMANY FERNANDEZ, R., Almeida, C., Almeida, N., DA SILVA, J. C., Santos, M., Teixeira, I., Teixeira, J. P., Varela, J., VAZ CARDOSO, N., Golutvin, I., Konoplyanikov, V., Shmatov, S., Shulga, S., Zarubin, A., Gninenko, S., Krasnikov, N., Matveev, V., Toropin, A., J, Gavrilov, V., Kolosov, V., Krokhotin, A., Oulianov, A., Stepanov, N., Rusakov, S. V., Kodolovaa, O. L., Sarycheva, L., Vardanyan, I., Kachanov, V., Krychkine, V., Slabospitski, S., Tyurin, N., Ilic, J., Skoro, G., Albajar, C., DE TROCONIZ, J. F., Calderon, A., LOPEZ VIRTO, M. A., Marco, R., Martinezrivero, C., Matorras, F., Vila, I., Cucciarelli, S., Konecki, M., Ashby, S., Barney, D., Bartalini, P., K, Benetta, R., Brigljevic, V., L, Bruno, G., M, Cano, E., Cittolin, S., DELLA NEGRA, M., DE ROECK, A., Favre, P., Frey, A., Funk, W., Futyan, D., Gigi, D., Glege, F., Gutleber, J., Hansen, M., Innocente, V., Jacobs, C., Jank, W., Kozlovszky, M., Larsen, H., Lenzi, M., Magrans, I., Mannelli, M., Meijers, F., Meschi, E., Mirabito, L., Murray, S. J., Oh, A., Orsini, L., PALOMARES ESPIGA, C., Pollet, L., Racz, A., Reynaud, S., Samyn, D., SCHARFF HANSEN, P., Schwick, C., Sguazzoni, G., Sinanis, N., Sphicas, P., N, Spiropulu, M., Strandlie, A., Taylor, B. G., VAN VULPEN, I., Wellisch, J. P., Winkler, M., Kotlinski, D., Prokofiev, K., Speer, T., Dumanoglu, I., Bailey, D. S., Brooke, J. J., Cussans, D., Heath, G. P., Machin, D., Nash, S. J., Newbold, D. M., Probert, M. G., Coughlan, J. A., Halsall, R., Haynes, W. J., Tomalin, I. R., Marinelli, N., O, Nikitenko, A., H, Rutherford, S., Seeza, C., Sharif, O., Antchev, G., P, Hazen, E., Rohlf, J., Wu, S., Breedon, R., Cox, P. T., Murray, P., Tripathi, M., Cousins, R., Erhan, S., Hauser, J., Kreuzer, P., Lindgren, M., Mumford, J., Schlein, P., Shi, Y., Tannenbaum, B., Valuev, V., VON DERMEY, M., Q, Andreevaa, I., Clare, R., Villa, S., Bhattacharya, S., Branson, J. G., Fisk, I., Letts, J., Mojaver, M., Paar, H. P., Trepagnier, E., Litvine, V., Shevchenko, S., Singh, S., Wilkinson, R., Aziz, S., Bowden, M., Elias, J. E., Graham, G., Green, D., Litmaath, M., Los, S., Odell, V., Ratnikova, N., Suzuki, I., Wenzel, H., Acosta, D., Bourilkov, D., Korytov, A., Madorsky, A., Mitselmakher, G., Rodriguez, J. L., Scurlock, B., Stoeck, H., R, Abdullin, S., H, Q, Baden, D., Eno, S. C., Grassi, T., Kunori, S., Pavlon, S., Sumorok, K., Tether, S., Cremaldi, L. M., Sanders, D., Summers, D., Osborne, I., Taylor, L., Tuura, L., Fisher, W. C., Mans, J., S, Stickland, D., Tully, C., Wildish, T., Wynhoff, S., Padley, B. P., Chumney, P., Dasu, S., Smith, W. H., S. ARCELLI, D. BONACORSI, P. CAPILUPPI, G.M. DALLAVALLE, A. FANFANI, C. GRANDI, S. MARCELLINI, A. MONTANARI, F. ODORICI, R. TRAVAGLINI, W. ADAM, T. BERGAUER, C. DELDICQUE, J. ERO, R. FRUEHWIRTH, M. JEITLER, K. KASTNER, S. KOSTNER, N. NEUMEISTER, M. PADRTA, P. PORTH, H. ROHRINGER, H. SAKULIN, J. STRAUSS, A. TAUROK, G. WALZEL, C.-E. WULZ, S. LOWETTE, B. VAN DE VYVER, G. DE LENTDECKER, P. VANLAER, C. DELAERE, V. LEMAITRE, A. NINANE, O. VAN DER AA, J. DAMGOV, V. KARIMAKI, R. KINNUNEN, T. LAMPEN, K. LASSILA-PERINI, S. LEHTI, J. NYSTEN, J. TUOMINIEMI, P. BUSSON, T. TODOROV, G. SCHWERING, P. GRAS, G. DASKALAKIS, A. SFYRLA, M. BARONE, T. GERALIS, C. MARKOU, K. ZACHARIADOU, P. HIDAS, S. BANERJEE, K. MAZUMDAR, M. ABBRESCIA, A. COLALEO, N. D'AMATO, N. DE FILIPPIS, D. GIORDANO, F. LODDO, M. MAGGI, L. SILVESTRIS, G. ZITO, S. COSTA, A. TRICOMI, V. CIULLI, N. MAGINI, R. RANIERI, L. BERTI, M. BIASOTTO, M. GULMINI, G. MARON, N. TONIOLO, L. ZANGRANDO, M. BELLATO, U. GASPARINI, S. LACAPRARA, A. PARENTI, M. PASSASEO, P. RONCHESE, S. VANINI, S. VENTURA, P.L. ZOTTO, D. BENEDETTI, M. BIASINI, L. FANO, L. SERVOLI, G. BAGLIESI, T. BOCCALI, S. DUTTA, S. GENNAI, A. GIASSI, F. PALLA, G. SEGNERI, A. STARODUMOV, R. TENCHINI, P. MERIDIANI, G. ORGANTINI, N. AMAPANE, F. BERTOLINO, R. CIRIO, J.Y. KIM, I.T. LIM, M.Y. PAC, K.K. JOO, S.B. KIM, Y.I. CHOI, I.T. YU, K. CHO, J. CHUNG, S.W. HAM, D.H. KIM, G.N. KIM, W. KIM, J.C KIM, S.K. OH, H. PARK, S.R. RO, D.C. SON, J.S. SUH, Z. AFTAB, H. HOORANI, A. OSMAN, K. BUNKOWSKI, M. CWIOK, W. DOMINIK, K. DOROBA, M. KAZANA, J. KROLIKOWSKI, I. KUDLA, M. PIETRUSINSKI, K. POZNIAK, W. ZABOLOTNY, J. ZALIPSKA, P. ZYCH, L. GOSCILO, M. GORSKI, G. WROCHNA, P. ZALEWSKI, R. ALEMANY-FERNANDEZ, C. ALMEIDA, N. ALMEIDA, J.C. DA SILVA, M. SANTOS, I. TEIXEIRA, J.P. TEIXEIRA, J. VARELA, N. VAZ CARDOSO, V. KONOPLYANIKOV, A. URKINBAEV, A. TOROPIN, V. GAVRILOV, V. KOLOSOV, A. KROKHOTIN, A. OULIANOV, N. STEPANOV, O.L. KODOLOVA, I. VARDANYAN, J. ILIC, G. SKORO, C. ALBAJAR, J.F. DE TROCONIZ, A. CALDERON, M.A. LOPEZ VIRTO, R. MARCO, C. MARTINEZ RIVERO, F. MATORRAS, I. VILA, S. CUCCIARELLI, M. KONECKI, S. ASHBY, D. BARNEY, P. BARTALINI, R. BENETTA, V. BRIGLJEVIC, G. BRUNO, E. CANO, S. CITTOLIN, M. DELLA NEGRA, A. DE ROECK, P. FAVRE, A. FREY, W. FUNK, D. FUTYAN, D. GIGI, F. GLEGE, J. GUTLEBER, M. HANSEN, V. INNOCENTE, C. JACOBS, W. JANK, M. KOZLOVSZKY, H. LARSEN, M. LENZI, I. MAGRANS, M. MANNELLI, F. MEIJERS, E. MESCHI, L. MIRABITO, S.J. MURRAY, A. OH, L. ORSINI, C. PALOMARES ESPIGA, L. POLLET, A. RACZ, S. REYNAUD, D. SAMYN, P. SCHAR-HANSEN, C. SCHWICK, G. SGUAZZONI, N. SINANIS, P. SPHICAS, M. SPIROPULU, A. STRANDLIE, B.G. TAYLOR, I. VAN VULPEN, J.P. WELLISCH, M. WINKLER, D. KOTLINSKI, K. PROKOFIEV, T. SPEER, I. DUMANOGLU, D.S. BAILEY, J.J. BROOKE, D. CUSSANS, G.P. HEATH, D. MACHIN, S.J. NASH, D.M. NEWBOLD, M.G. PROBERT, J.A. COUGHLAN, R. HALSALL, W.J. HAYNES, I.R. TOMALIN, N. MARINELLI, A. NIKITENKO, S. RUTHERFORD, C. SEEZ, O. SHARIF, G. ANTCHEV, E. HAZEN, J. ROHLF, S. WU, R. BREEDON, P.T. COX, P. MURRAY, M. TRIPATHI, R. COUSINS, S. ERHAN, J. HAUSER, P. KREUZER, M. LINDGREN, J. MUMFORD, P. SCHLEIN, Y. SHI, B. TANNENBAUM, V. VALUEV, M. VON DER MEY, I. ANDREEVA, R. CLARE, S. VILLA, S. BHATTACHARYA, J.G. BRANSON, I. FISK, J. LETTS, M. MOJAVER, H.P. PAAR, E. TREPAGNIER, VLADIMIR A. LITVIN, S. SHEVCHENKO, S. SINGH, R. WILKINSON, S. AZIZ, M. BOWDEN, J.E. ELIAS, G. GRAHAM, D. GREEN, M. LITMAATH, S. LOS, V. O'DELL, N. RATNIKOVA, I. SUZUKI, H. WENZEL, D. ACOSTA, D. BOURILKOV, A. KORYTOV, A. MADORSKY, G. MITSELMAKHER, J.L. RODRIGUEZ, B. SCURLOCK, S. ABDULLIN, D. BADEN, S.C. ENO, T. GRASSI, S. KUNORI, S. PAVLON, K. SUMOROK, S. TETHER, L.M. CREMALDI, D. SANDERS, D. SUMMERS, I. OSBORNE, L. TAYLOR, L. TUURA, W.C. FISHER, J. MANS, D. STICKLAND, C. TULLY, T. WILDISH, S. WYNHOFF, B.P. PADLEY, P. CHUMNEY, S. DASU, W.H. SMITH, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), CMS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], and (ukupan broj autora: 331)
- Subjects
Particle physics ,High level trigger ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,PHYSICS ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,EXTRA DIMENSIONS ,010306 general physics ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Compact Muon Solenoid ,13.85.-t ,07.05.Kf ,07.05.Tp ,02.07.Uu ,CMS ,CERN ,high level ,trigger ,Collision rate ,TRIGGER ,Physics ,LHC ,Large Hadron Collider ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Bunches ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,Data reduction - Abstract
At the Large Hadron Collider at CERN the proton bunches cross at a rate of 40MHz. At the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment the original collision rate is reduced by a factor of O (1000) using a Level-1 hardware trigger. A subsequent factor of O(1000) data reduction is obtained by a software-implemented High Level Trigger (HLT) selection that is executed on a multi-processor farm. In this review we present in detail prototype CMS HLT physics selection algorithms, expected trigger rates and trigger performance in terms of both physics efficiency and timing., Comment: accepted by EPJ Nov 2005
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- 2006
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34. Nonurgent Pediatric Interhospital Transfers: A Narrative Enquiry of Nurses' Experiences in Australia.
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Downer T, Halsall R, Cole R, Thomas C, and Kearney L
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- Humans, Child, Australia, Patient Transfer, Nurses
- Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to explore nonurgent pediatric interhospital transfers through the lens of nurses' experiences and perceptions when undertaking these transfers., Methods: Using a narrative inquiry approach, data were collected via semistructured interviews with registered nurses (N = 7) who had experience undertaking patient transfers between nonurgent low-acuity and urgent high-acuity hospital settings., Results: Findings established the following 8 themes: ensuring transfer preparation for risk mitigation, practicing confident advocacy, being accountable for risk mitigation of the deteriorating patient during transfer, maintaining standardized procedure, using training and mentorship to support confidence, maintaining interhospital and intrahospital relationships, recognizing the significance of transfer on families, and acknowledging the burden of transfer and delay., Discussion: By exploring the stories and experiences of emergency nurses who undertake pediatric interhospital transfers, a deep investigation of the risks and challenges has been described, an area often underrepresented in the literature. Findings from this study highlight important learnings for pediatric interhospital transfer that add value to the wider body of evidence., (Copyright © 2023 Emergency Nurses Association. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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35. Dynamic position and force measurement for multiple optically trapped particles using a high-speed active pixel sensor.
- Author
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Towrie M, Botchway SW, Clark A, Freeman E, Halsall R, Parker AW, Prydderch M, Turchetta R, Ward AD, and Pollard MR
- Abstract
A high frame rate active pixel sensor designed to track the position of up to six optically trapped objects simultaneously within the field of view of a microscope is described. The sensor comprises 520 x 520 pixels from which a flexible arrangement of six independent regions of interest is accessed at a rate of up to 20 kHz, providing the capability to measure motion in multiple micron scale objects to nanometer accuracy. The combined control of both the sensor and optical traps is performed using unique, dedicated electronics (a field programmable gate array). The ability of the sensor to measure the dynamic position and the forces between six optically trapped spheres, down to femtonewton level, is demonstrated paving the way for application in the physical and life sciences.
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- 2009
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36. Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam.
- Author
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Michael DG, Adamson P, Alexopoulos T, Allison WW, Alner GJ, Anderson K, Andreopoulos C, Andrews M, Andrews R, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Arroyo C, Auty DJ, Avvakumov S, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barish B, Barker MA, Barnes PD Jr, Barr G, Barrett WL, Beall E, Becker BR, Belias A, Bergfeld T, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bocean V, Bock B, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Border PM, Bower C, Boyd S, Buckley-Geer E, Bungau C, Byon-Wagner A, Cabrera A, Chapman JD, Chase TR, Cherdack D, Chernichenko SK, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Cossairt JD, Courant H, Crane DA, Culling AJ, Dawson JW, de Jong JK, DeMuth DM, De Santo A, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Drake G, Drakoulakos D, Ducar R, Durkin T, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Fackler OD, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Felt N, Fields TH, Ford R, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gebhard M, Giurgiu GA, Godley A, Gogos J, Goodman MC, Gornushkin Y, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn E, Grossman N, Grudzinski JJ, Grzelak K, Guarino V, Habig A, Halsall R, Hanson J, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hartouni EP, Hatcher R, Heller K, Hill N, Ho Y, Holin A, Howcroft C, Hylen J, Ignatenko M, Indurthy D, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jenner L, Jensen D, Joffe-Minor T, Kafka T, Kang HJ, Kasahara SM, Kilmer J, Kim H, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kostin M, Kotelnikov SK, Krakauer DA, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Ladran AS, Lang K, Laughton C, Lebedev A, Lee R, Lee WY, Libkind MA, Ling J, Liu J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Longley NP, Lucas P, Luebke W, Madani S, Maher E, Makeev V, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marino AD, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McDonald J, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Merzon GI, Messier MD, Milburn RH, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Miyagawa PS, Moore CD, Morfín J, Morse R, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Murtagh MJ, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson C, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nezrick F, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver J, Oliver WP, Onuchin VA, Osiecki T, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pearce GF, Pearson N, Peck CW, Perry C, Peterson EA, Petyt DA, Ping H, Piteira R, Pittam R, Pla-Dalmau A, Plunkett RK, Price LE, Proga M, Pushka DR, Rahman D, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Read AL, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Reyna DE, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ruddick K, Ryabov VA, Saakyan R, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schoessow PV, Schreiner P, Schwienhorst R, Semenov VK, Seun SM, Shanahan P, Shield PD, Smart W, Smirnitsky V, Smith C, Smith PN, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Stefanik A, Sullivan P, Swan JM, Symes PA, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Terekhov A, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trendler R, Trevor J, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vakili M, Vaziri K, Velissaris C, Verebryusov V, Viren B, Wai L, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, White RF, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Wu QK, Yan WG, Yang T, Yumiceva FX, Yun JC, Zheng H, Zois M, and Zwaska R
- Abstract
This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current nu(mu) interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336+/-14 events. The data are consistent with nu(mu) disappearance via oscillations with |Delta(m)2/32|=2.74 +0.44/-0.26 x10(-3)eV(2) and sin(2)(2theta(23))>0.87 (68% C.L.).
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- 2006
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