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Electroless nickel plating is an established industrial process that provides a robust and relatively low-cost coating suitable for transporting and storing ultracold neutrons (UCN). Using roughness measurements and UCN-storage experiments we characterized UCN guides made from polished aluminum or stainless-steel tubes plated by several vendors. All electroless nickel platings were similarly suited for UCN storage with an average loss probability per wall bounce of $2.8\cdot10^{-4}$ to $4.1\cdot10^{-4}$ for energies between 90 neV and 190 neV, or a ratio of imaginary to real Fermi potential $\eta$ of $1.7\cdot10^{-4}$ to $3.3\cdot10^{-4}$. Measurements at different elevations indicate that the energy dependence of UCN losses is well described by the imaginary Fermi potential. Some special considerations are required to avoid an increase in surface roughness during the plating process and hence a reduction in UCN transmission. Increased roughness had only a minor impact on storage properties. Based on these findings we chose a vendor to plate the UCN-production vessel that will contain the superfluid-helium converter for the new TRIUMF UltraCold Advanced Neutron (TUCAN) source, achieving acceptable UCN-storage properties with ${\eta=3.5(5)\cdot10^{-4}}$., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

Adolescents' scholastic and social life has become increasingly reliant on the internet and mobile technology in recent years. Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a growing problem in Indian adolescents. However, in many cases, this use has become obsessive, causing them to neglect other elements of their lives. Adolescents account for over 35% of internet users in India. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychosomatic problems related to internet overuse among school going adolescent students. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 348 students in selected schools of Aspur block in Dungarpur-district, Rajasthan, India in the month of February 2016. Problematic internet use (PIU) was assessed by Young's twenty question internet addiction test. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-42) and self structured questionnaire check list was used to measure psychosomatic problems among adolescents. Approximately 5.17% adolescents showed Problematic internet use (PIU). Adolescents with PIU were associated with age between 14-16 year, males,10th class of study, using internet since more than 3 years, being at home, mobile as a source of internet use, purpose of internet use with online gaming. Compared with normal internet users, there were significant correlation between Problematic Internet Use and Somatic Complaints r=0.3660, p0.05, Depression r=0.3982, p0.05. Anxiety r=0.2512, p0.05 and Stress r=0.2886, p0.05. Problematic internet use (PIU) is an increasing problem among teenagers and it has been linked to psychosomatic issues. Timely Effective measures are needed to prevent the spread of this problem.

Our aim is to determine conditions for quantum computing technology to give rise to security risks associated with quantum Bitcoin mining. Specifically, we determine the speed and energy efficiency a quantum computer needs to offer an advantage over classical mining. We analyze the setting in which the Bitcoin network is entirely classical except for a single quantum miner who has small hash rate compared to that of the network. We develop a closed-form approximation for the probability that the quantum miner successfully mines a block, with this probability dependent on the number of Grover iterations the quantum miner applies before making a measurement. Next, we show that, for a quantum miner that is "peaceful", this success probability is maximized if the quantum miner applies Grover iterations for 16 minutes before measuring, which is surprising as the network mines blocks every 10 minutes on average. Using this optimal mining procedure, we show that the quantum miner outperforms a classical computer in efficiency (cost per block) if the condition $Q < Crb$ is satisfied, where $Q$ is the cost of a Grover iteration, $C$ is the cost of a classical hash, $r$ is the quantum miner's speed in Grover iterations per second, and $b$ is a factor that attains its maximum if the quantum miner uses our optimal mining procedure. This condition lays the foundation for determining when quantum mining, and the known security risks associated with it, will arise., 16 pages, 2 figures

Lipolytic enzymes are a diverse group of industrially important hydrolases. There are currently 15 families of lipases, classified based on their amino acid sequence and function. This chapter focuses on the updated classification of these lipolytic enzymes based on their structure–function relationships. Further, a whole new group of extremophilic enzymes has now emerged. Because such extremophilic lipases, spanning the organic-solvent-tolerant, thermophilic, psychrophilic, halophilic, and alkalophilic enzymes, are important industrially, they are covered as well. Metagenomics has led to the discovery of many enzymes; thus metagenomically discovered lipases are also briefly treated. Over the years, with advances in detection technology, methods of lipase activity estimation have also witnessed a phenomenal increase in terms of the available techniques. Hence, a dedicated section on the assay of lipolytic enzymes is also encompassed. Last, because the industrial applications have been a constant driving force in enzyme research, industrially relevant lipases and their applications are also covered to a certain extent.

Background: PBL is an innovative teaching learning method that enhances intrinsic motivation, promotes self learning, encourages clinical reasoning, and develops longlasting memory. It is an established leading educational innovative method in medical sciences throughout the world. In India, it is used by only few institutions. The reason may be the lack of awareness or negative perception on PBL. Aims: To study the response of medical faculty on PBL. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, India. The introductory sensitizing lecture cum discussion was organized on PBL. Pre-Test, Post-Test and feedback data from the faculty was encoded in numerical variables and analyzed by the SPSS. Results: Fifty eight faculty participated, 82.14% were entry and junior level, 80.34% didn’t attend any course on medical education, 94.6% have not attended any kind of formal training on PBL, 78.5% desired to acquire special training and 83.9% were in the Original Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(9): 1836-1843, 2014 1837 favor of PBL. There was significant improvement in the knowledge of faculty on PBL as evidenced by post test and feedback data (Unpaired t test P value equals to 0.0009). Conclusion: The faculty’s attitude was receptive on implementation of the PBL but majority of them required special training which can be conducted by the medical education department of the institute with the collaboration and support of other institutions that run the PBL in their curriculum. It should be integral part of the PBL implementation programme at institute.

Purpose Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), compared with conventional 4-field treatment, can reduce the volume of bone marrow irradiated. Pelvic bone marrow sparing has produced a clinically significant reduction in hematologic toxicity (HT). This analysis investigated HT in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0418, a prospective study to test the feasibility of delivering postoperative IMRT for cervical and endometrial cancer in a multiinstitutional setting. Methods and Materials Patients in the RTOG 0418 study were treated with postoperative IMRT to 50.4 Gy to the pelvic lymphatics and vagina. Endometrial cancer patients received IMRT alone, whereas patients with cervical cancer received IMRT and weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m 2 ). Pelvic bone marrow was defined within the treatment field by using a computed tomography density-based autocontouring algorithm. The volume of bone marrow receiving 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy and the median dose to bone marrow were correlated with HT, graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0, criteria. Results Eighty-three patients were eligible for analysis (43 with endometrial cancer and 40 with cervical cancer). Patients with cervical cancer treated with weekly cisplatin and pelvic IMRT had grades 1-5 HT (23%, 33%, 25%, 0%, and 0% of patients, respectively). Among patients with cervical cancer, 83% received 5 or more cycles of cisplatin, and 90% received at least 4 cycles of cisplatin. The median percentage volume of bone marrow receiving 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy in all 83 patients, respectively, was 96%, 84%, 61%, and 37%. Among cervical cancer patients with a V40 >37%, 75% had grade 2 or higher HT compared with 40% of patients with a V40 less than or equal to 37% ( P =.025). Cervical cancer patients with a median bone marrow dose of >34.2 Gy also had higher rates of grade ≥2 HT than did those with a dose of ≤34.2 Gy (74% vs 43%, P =.049). Conclusions Pelvic IMRT with weekly cisplatin is associated with low rates of HT and high rates of weekly cisplatin use. The volume of bone marrow receiving 40 Gy and the median dose to bone marrow correlated with higher rates of grade ≥2 toxicity among patients receiving weekly cisplatin (cervical cancer patients). Evaluation and limitation of the volume of bone marrow treated with pelvic IMRT is warranted in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy.

Summary Crohn’s disease-associated NOD 2 variants (Arg702Trp and 3020insC) were found to be monomorphic (wild), and 7 subjects were heterozygous for Gly908Arg SNP in 263 patients with tuberculosis, 260 patients with leprosy and 270 healthy controls residing in northern Indian states. This is the first report to suggest the minimal role of these variants in susceptibility/resistance to TB and leprosy in this population.

A method developed for particle locating and advancing in nonorthogonal curvilinear grids is presented. The method is uniformly applicable for deforming as well as fixed Eulerian grids. The method is equally applicable to coupled as well as uncoupled two-phase flows. Guidelines are presented on which the present and previous schemes are evaluated. The algorithm yields a generalized and efficient method and is being used in practical applications. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by verifying with analytical and experimental data.

In the present work a procedure for optimum design of waste heat recovery boiler of a combined cycle power plant has been developed. This method enables the optimization of waste heat recovery boiler independent of the rest of the system and the design thus obtained can directly be employed in an existing plant.

This paper presents the simulation procedure developed to predict the performance of a combined cycle power plant from given performance characteristics of its main components. In order that the procedure could be validated, the simulation technique has been applied to a typical combined cycle power plant (having a dual pressure bottoming cycle) manufactured by a prominent company. The characteristics of the standard equipment like the air compressor, steam and gas turbines, various pumps, etc. have been taken from the manufacturer's catalogues and converted into appropriate equations based on theoretical understanding. The performance of various heat exchangers (like economizers, superheaters, evaporators, etc.) has been determined by using the effectiveness concept after evaluating the overall heat transfer coefficient by using appropriate correlations from literature. The strategy of system simulation is obtained by judiciously interlinking the information flow diagrams of various components and thus the task is finally reduced to that of solving nine non-linear equations for nine variables. The predicted performance of the system is seen to be in good agreement with in good agreement with its rated performance.

We present the electromagnetic design study of a multi cell, \beta_g= 0.9, 650 MHz elliptic superconducting radiofrequency cavity, which can be used for accelerating H- particles in the linear accelerator part of a Spallation Neutron source. The design has been optimized for maximum achievable acceleration gradient by varying the geometry parameters of the cavity, for which a simple and general procedure is evolved that we describe in the paper. For the optimized geometry, we have studied the higher order modes supported by the cavity, and the threshold current for the excitation of the regenerative beam break up instability due to dipole modes has been estimated. Lorentz force detuning studies have also been performed for the optimized design and the calculations are presented to find the optimum location of the stiffener ring to compensate for the Lorentz force detuning., Comment: 43 pages, 25 figures

Crohn's disease-associated NOD 2 variants (Arg702Trp and 3020insC) were found to be monomorphic (wild), and 7 subjects were heterozygous for Gly908Arg SNP in 263 patients with tuberculosis, 260 patients with leprosy and 270 healthy controls residing in northern Indian states. This is the first report to suggest the minimal role of these variants in susceptibility/resistance to TB and leprosy in this population.

A case of unnatural death was registered by the police as homicide due to the hue and cry made by the local people. The police could not locate the ‘murderer’. The case was ultimately referred to the Forensic Science Laboratory at Shimla. Examination of the evidence proved that the case was one of accidental death. The victim had been hit and dragged along by a moving train. The forensic aspects of the case are presented and discussed in this article.

SUMMARY Several studies in West have indicated that clonidine hydrochloride, an adrenergic blocking agent is both safe and effective for detoxifying narcotic addicts. One hundred and two patients of opium addition admitted in Psychiatry Center Jodhpur were subjects for present study. The patients were divided into group A, B and C having thirty four in each group. These groups were identical with regards to sociodemographic variables, mean dose of opium and duration of intake. Group A was given clonidine in small doses, Group B symptomatic therapy and group C was given clonidine in high doses. Study was double blind. Record of blood pressure, pulse rate, other vital sign and withdrawal symptom (on Physician's Rating Scale) was kept twice daily, Treatment was continued for two weeks. Clonidine in high doses proved to be more effective than other therapies.

Purpose To determine the feasibility of pelvic intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for patients with endometrial cancer in a multi-institutional setting and to determine whether this treatment is associated with fewer short-term bowel adverse events than standard radiation therapy. Methods Patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium treated with pelvic radiation therapy alone were eligible. Guidelines for target definition and delineation, dose prescription, and dose-volume constraints for the targets and critical normal structures were detailed in the study protocol and a web-based atlas. Results Fifty-eight patients were accrued by 25 institutions; 43 were eligible for analysis. Forty-two patients (98%) had an acceptable IMRT plan; 1 had an unacceptable variation from the prescribed dose to the nodal planning target volume. The proportions of cases in which doses to critical normal structures exceeded protocol criteria were as follows: bladder, 67%; rectum, 76%; bowel, 17%; and femoral heads, 33%. Twelve patients (28%) developed grade ≥2 short-term bowel adverse events. Conclusions Pelvic IMRT for endometrial cancer is feasible across multiple institutions with use of a detailed protocol and centralized quality assurance (QA). For future trials, contouring of vaginal and nodal tissue will need continued monitoring with good QA and better definitions will be needed for organs at risk.

In RTBV, the genome consists of four Open reading frames (ORFs, Figure 1). Of the four, ORF I, II and IV potentially encode proteins of molecular weights of 12, 24 and 46 kDa, whereas ORF III encodes a potential protein of molecular weight 194 kDa, P194 (Qu et al. 1991, Hay et al. 1991). Only the 194 kDa protein shows homology in the derived amino acid sequence to other proteins, mainly from retroviruses and caulimoviruses (Hay et al. 1991, Covey, 1986, Qu et al. 1991, Kano et al. 1992). The analysis of the amino acid sequence of purifi ed CP has shown that it is encoded by the P194. ORF IV of RTBV is absent in other badnaviruses and exists only in RTBV (Qu et al. 1991).

Two cases of alleged dowry deaths are presented from Haryana State, India. In each case a young lady died after receiving burn injuries. Forensic examination unveiled the mysteries of both deaths and helped in apprehending and prosecuting the culprits. Case 1, allegedly a dowry death, proved to be an accidental burning and Case 2, stated to be a suicidal death, was proved to be homicidal.

A young lady was alleged to have died due to accidental burns from a kerosene pressure stove. The dying declaration read that the deceased caught fire accidentally. Evaluation of physical evidence present at the site of the incident, the dying declaration and examination of the body refuted accidental burning from the stove. It proved to be a case of suicide with assistance from the accused due to delivery of insufficient dowry. The accused was convicted on the basis of the physical evidence collected from the scene and evaluated by the forensic experts.

Amylase production by Humicola and Paecilomyces species was investigated in different media; starch yeast-extract medium was the most suitable for both fungi. Streptomycin favoured enzyme production by Humicola sp. in this medium at concentrations of up to 75 μ/ml, whereas with Paecilomyces sp. amylase production was adversely affected at above μm/ml streptomycin. The optimum temperatures for amylase production by Humicola and Paecilomyces species were 45 and 35°C with 8 and 6 days incubation, respectively, and the Humicola enzyme was thermally stable up to 50°C. The amylase synthesis in both fungi appeared to be inducible by starch.

To isolate the novel nonmelanin pullulan-producing fungi from soil and to optimize the physico-chemical and nutritional parameters for pullulan production.A selective enrichment method was followed for the isolation, along with development of a suitable medium for pullulan production, using shake flask experiments. Pullulan content was confirmed using pure pullulan and pullulanase hydrolysate. Eurotium chevalieri was able to produce maximum pullulan (38 ± 1·0 g l(-1) ) at 35°C, pH 5·5, 2·5% sucrose, 0·3% ammonium sulfate and 0·2% yeast extract in a shake flash culture medium with an agitation rate of 30 rev min(-1) for 65 h.The novel pullulan-producing fungus was identified as E. chevalieri (MTCC no. 9614), which was able to produce nonmelanin pullulan at from poorer carbon and nitrogen sources than Aureobasidium pullulans and may therefore be useful for the commercial production of pullulan.Eurotium chevalieri could produce pullulan in similar amounts to A. pullulans. Therefore, in future, this fungus could also be used for commercial pullulan production, because it is neither polymorphic nor melanin producing, hence its handling during pullulan fermentation will be easier and more economical.

Alkalophilic bacterial strains (52) isolated from saline-alkali soils were screened on milk agar medium for their ability to produce alkaline protease. Fifteen positive isolates were further examined for their extent of alkaline protease production. The most potent producer was identified as Bacillus sp. Maximum enzyme activity was achieved in the presence of glucose (1% w/v) and ammonium chloride (1% w/v) at pH 10.5 and 40°C over a 20 h incubation.

The essential oils tested viz., Cardiaca Oil, Mentha Oil, Artemisia Oil and Geranium Oil against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Significant activity of all oils was found against all microorganisms. All the four oils showed a higher inhibition against all the microorganisms, except S. epidermidis at different level of concentrations used (1000 ppm and 500 ppm). It is clearly indicated that inhibition activity increased approximately 1 to 2 folds at 1000 ppm concentration as compared to 500 ppm. S. epidermidis has shown resistant towards all the oils at both the concentration while M. smegmatis and S. mutans have shown higher inhibition as compared to S. epidermidis.

A case of arson is presented from the State of Himachal Pradesh, India. The case was initially reported as an accidental fire due to electrical short circuiting but was suspected by the police to be arson as Government money worth 1.32 lakh rupees was also stated to have been burned in the fire. Forensic investigations proved the case to be arson but no currency notes had been burned in the fire.

Aim: In the last decade, we have witnessed a revolution in the molecular genetics of NSCLC (Non Small Cell Lung Cancer). These advances have led to the development of a multitude of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Somatic mutations in EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) gene & ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) translocation are two “actionable” biomarkers that have passed clinical validation and are incorporated into current treatment paradigms. This abstract contributes towards understanding the epidemiology of ALK mutation in NSCLC patients in India. Methods: This was an observational study within the cohort of NSCLC patients. Pfizer Ltd supported this study as a part of Diagnostic Assistance Program. A total of 3351 patients of lung adenocarcinoma were tested from Jan 2013 to Mar 2014. These samples were collected from various locations across the country. ALK mutation was studied using the FDA approved Vysis ALK Gene Breakapart Probe Kit and the EGFR mutation testing (exons 18-21) was done using PCR followed by bidirectional Sanger's Sequencing. Results: Of the 3351 samples tested, 2146 (64.04%) were male & 1205 (35.96%) were females. Patients ranged in age from 25-90yrs with a median age of 57.94yrs. Biomarker testing for EGFR and ALK was performed on FFPE specimen of patients with confirmed adenocarcinoma histology. ALK testing was performed on 3351 samples and EGFR analysis on 3079. Of samples received for EGFR, 2653 (86.16%) were successfully analyzed & reported, 177 (5.75%) showed unsatisfactory results, and test could not be performed in 249 cases (8.09%). 2810 (83.86%) samples received for ALK testing by FISH could be successfully reported, 287 (8.56%) showed unsatisfactory results and 254 samples (7.58%) could not be tested. Common reasons for unsatisfactory results were presence of high degree of necrosis, scanty tumor or suboptimal fixation. Of the successfully reported cases, 28.19% were positive for presence of EGFR mutations. Mutations were observed in exon 18 (2.27%), exon 19 (72.99%), exon 20 (3.48%) and exon 21 (21.26%). 71 (2.53%) of the 2810 successfully reported cases were found Positive for ALK Gene Rearrangement. None of the samples showed a concomitant mutation. Conclusions: This study on 3351 adenocarcinoma enriched NSCLC patients of Indian origin, shows an ALK positivity of 2.53% & EGFR mutation positivity of 28.19%. Disclosure: All authors declare that he study was funded by Pfizer Ltd as a part of its Diagnostic Assistance Program. Other than that there is no disclosure to declare.

The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerator is an accelerator that efficiently focuses, bunches and accelerates a high intensity DC beam from an ion source, for various applications. Unlike other conventional RF linear accelerators, the electromagnetic mode used for its operation is not the lowest frequency mode supported by the structure. In a four vane type RFQ, there are several undesired electromagnetic modes having frequency close to that of the operating mode. While designing an RFQ accelerator, care must be taken to ensure that the frequencies of these nearby modes are sufficiently separated from the operating mode. If the undesired nearby modes have frequencies close to the operating mode, the electromagnetic field pattern in the presence of geometrical errors will not be stabilized to the desired field profile, and will be perturbed by the nearby modes. This will affect the beam dynamics and reduce the beam transmission. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the electromagnetic modes supported, which is followed by calculations for implementation of suitable techniques to make the desired operating mode stable against mixing with unwanted modes for an RFQ being designed for the proposed Indian Spallation Neutron Source (ISNS) project at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore. Resonant coupling scheme, along with dipole stabilization rods has been proposed to increase the mode separation. The paper discusses the details of a generalized optimization procedure that has been used for the design of mode stabilization scheme.