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The nanofiber with fiber morphology was a key parameter that can effectively overcome the electron–hole fast recombination issue and enhance the activity of photocatalyst under the visible light irradiation. In this work, MoO3 nanofibers and MoO3 submicron rods are fabricated through a simple electrospinning method with polyvinyl pyrrolidone/ammonium molybdate as a source to obtain the composite fibers. The composite fibers were treated to various calcination temperatures in order to obtain MoO3 fibers and MoO3 rods. The resultant samples were calcined at 350 °C and 550 °C respectively. The diameter ranges from 150 to 250 nm are obtained for lower temperature 350 °C and after the calcination of MoO3 nanofibers at 550 °C the rods of submicron sizes were formed. Further to study the optical absorption and photocatalyst properties, UV–Vis spectrophotometer was used for the analysis and the band gap energy for the prepared sample from Tauc plot was found to be 3.135 eV. The synthesized MoO3 rods (i.e.) annealed MoO3 nanofibers at 550 °C exhibited strong photocatalytic degradation of methylene orange up to 94% in the presence of sunlight without using any oxidizing agents. The photocatalytic degradation of 94% was recorded for annealed MoO3 nanofibers in presence of sun light without using any oxidizing agents.

In this work rod-like YMnO₃ were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure and morphology of prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural information was confirmed from Raman spectrum and the functional group of the sample was studied from FTIR spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm the formation and oxidation states of YMnO₃. The optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of YMnO₃ nanorods was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange (MO) under both ultraviolet and visible-light irradiation. The result shows that the YMnO₃ nanorods exhibit maximum photocatalytic activity in the degradation of MO.

Duplication of the gastrointestinaltract occur any part of the alimentary tract from the tongue to the anus. Male have slightly more predominance than females. Gastrointestinal duplication will have a varied presentation. Ileum and the oesophagus are most commonly involved. Colonic duplication is rare and can present with diagnostic difficulties. Gastrointestinal duplication has presence of well developed coat of smooth muscle, intimately attached to the gastrointestinal tract in the mesentric region and show a common blood supply with the native bowel. Sometime it will have an epithelial lining representing some portion of the alimentary tract. &nbsp

INTRODUCTION: In 1733 Calder reported first case of gastrointestinal duplication. William E. Ladd coined the term gastrointestinal duplication in 1930, that included congenital anomalies of the foregut, midgut and hindgut. The incidence is of 1 in every 4500 autopsies. Enteric duplications are multiple in 10% to 20% cases. Duplication of the gastrointestinal intestinal tract occur any part of the alimentary tract from the tongue to the anus. Male have slightly more predominance than females. Gastrointestinal duplication will have a varied presentation. Ileum and the oesophagus are most commonly involved. Colonic duplication is rare and can present with diagnostic difficulties. Gastrointestinal duplication has presence of well developed coat of smooth muscle, intimately attached to the gastrointestinal tract in the mesentric region and show a common blood supply with the native bowel. Sometime it will have an epithelial lining representing some portion of the alimentary tract. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. Analyzing the antenatally suspected gastrointestinal duplication postnatally and the associated anomalies. 2. Analyzing location of the duplication and the type of the duplication. 3. Analyzing the management of the gastrointestinal duplication, complication and outcome of the above. MATERIALS AND METHODS: STUDY POPULATION : Cases admitted and diagnosed as gastrointestinal duplication made on USG findings. NATURE OF STUDY : Prospective study. NO OF CASES : 20. STUDY PERIOD : August 2010 to February 2013. Selection criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1. All cases of antenatally suspected gastrointestinal duplication in the postnatal period. 2. All cases of foregut, midgut and hindgut duplication. 3. All cases of cystic and tubular gastrointestinal duplication. 4. All cases of communicating and non-communicating duplication. Exclusion criteria: 1. Bronchogenic cyst, 2. Omental cyst, 3. Mesentriccyst. METHODOLOGY: All the above patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination. Relevant investigations were performed like x-ray chest and abdomen, Ultrasonogram abdomen (USG), Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gastrograffin study done if needed. The intraoperative findings like location of the duplication, the type of duplication, whether communicating or non-communicating, the number of duplication, resectability of the lesion analysed. The analysis of the procedures like excision of the duplication only, excision of the duplication along with the native bowel and end to end anastomosis, mucosal excision of the duplication done. The complication during the surgery and in the postoperative period are studied. These patients are followed up to the available period. The results were analysed and tabulated RESULTS: This study of Gastrointestinal duplication presented to Department of Paediatric surgery, Institute of Child health and health centre, Madras Medical College, Chennai was undertaken between August 2010 to February 2013. The following facts were obtained. During this study period, 20 patients who met the selection criteria were taken for analysis. Maximum number of cases are less than 1 year. In our study 18 cases are seen in less than one year of age. Among the cases presented less than 1 year, most of them presented between first day of birth to within 7 months. Maximum number of cases, 15 cases are male patients. Among the five cases who underwent antenatal USG, two cases were reported as cystic duplication, one case had dilated bowel loops. The most commonest presentation is the abdominal distension. Eight cases presented only with abdominal distension. On examination of the abdomen the commonest finding is the mass felt in the right illac fossa. Seven cases had palpable mass. Many patients had only duplication without associated anomaly. The commonest intraoperative finding is the ileal duplication, 12 cases had only ileal duplication. Among the operative procedure eight cases underwent excision of the cyst followed by six cases underwent resection of the duplication and end to end anastomosis. Two cases readmitted with features of adhesive obstruction. One case managed conservatively, other case had laproscopic adhesiolysis. CONCLUSION: A good antenatal ultrasound can pick up gastrointestinal duplication, requiring further evaluation and elective surgery. • Incidentally noted gastrointestinal duplication should be operated electively to avoid complications like bleeding and perforation from the ectopic gastric mucosa. • Most of the gastrointestinal duplication will present within 1 year of age. • Gastrointestinal duplication is more common in males. • Ileum is the most commonest site for gastrointestinal duplication. • Cystic and communicating type of gastrointestinal duplication are most common types of duplication. • Complete excision of the duplication should be aim of the surgery. • The identification of vascular pattern (type I/II) helps in removing the duplication without injuring the native bowel. • Thoracic duplication presenting with respiratory distress caries poor prognosis.

Commonly, the sensor installed by these entities collects the citizen and infrastructure data by explicit approval. The performance based on the outline of the citizens could be done through AI depending on the data they offer that could promote advancements in the cities, or it could be utilized for the profit of the corporation. Certain barriers should be crossed in order to succeed in achieving the deployments of the cities. Commonly, the only target is to inform AI through the data gathered by the IoT in the real-time process. At certain times, the generation of data is the main part that is done by several elements, and this could be employed in a deliberate way. Certain challenges are also faced in the economic growth and its impact on biomedical industry. This chapter presents the impact of smart technology and economic growth for biomedical applications.

Ruthenium oxide/graphene (RuO2/G) nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications were prepared by a hydrothermal method using high-quality graphene, which was synthesized by modified hummer's method from the graphite. The results reveal that the RuO2 nanoparticles are evenly dispersed on the graphene sheets. The contact between the RuO2 nanoparticles and graphene can effectively improve the conductivity of RuO2 and prevent the restacking and agglomeration of graphene. In addition, the composites exhibit a good electrochemical-activation behavior, and the graphene in composites significantly influences the electrochemical performance. The RuO2/G composite displays a specific capacitance of 441.1 F g-1 at 0.1 A g−1, and only 6% of the capacitance degrades after 1000 cycles, which demonstrates the composite's excellent cycle stability. Significantly, the RuO2/G composites can achieve a high voltage window of 1.6 V and increase energy density of 61.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 183.8 W kg-1 at 1 M of Na2SO4 electrolyte. This attractive performance makes it a promising candidate as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

Lanthanum manganite (LaMnO3), a perovskite-like oxide material, is one of the most promising and efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. In this work, we report a high rate of photodegradation of aqueous methyl orange (MO) dye under visible light illumination on LaMnO3 nanoparticles prepared by the hydrothermal route. The phase formations of the obtained nanoparticles were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure and nature of the chemical bonds were identified by FT-IR and Raman analysis. The morphology and core level analysis has been carried out by HRSEM, HRTEM, AFM and XPS. The optical behavior of LaMnO3 nanoparticles was analyzed by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the result suggests that LaMnO3 nanoparticles can be used as efficient photocatalysts to remove MO dye from water.

In the present study, TbMnO 3 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method and annealed at different temperatures. The prepared samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman analysis, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis). The average particle size of TbMnO 3 nanoparticles annealed at 800 and 900 °C was found to be 45 and 60 nm. Optical energy bandgap of the samples were carried out using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Finally the effect of different sized TbMnO 3 nanoparticles as a catalyst for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation under UV light irradiation was analysed.

The present work demonstrates a facile route for preparing LaFeO3/rGO nanocomposites comprising of metal oxide nanoparticles and graphene. Structural, morphology, optical and photocatalytic studies of the samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, Raman, high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible and photocatalytic. LaFeO3/rGO nanocomposites believed as an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye under visible light irradiation. The inclusion of carbon enhances the light absorption of LaFeO3, resulting in the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite. The degradation of MO dye under visible light source was completely achieved using LaFeO3/rGO as a catalyst.

LaFeO3/TiO2 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by TGA, XRD, HRSEM, EDS, TEM, VSM and UV–Vis techniques. Thermal stability of the material was studied by thermal analysis. XRD studies confirm the orthorhombic and rutile phase for pure LaFeO3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The LaFeO3/TiO2 composite shows the coexistence of LaFeO3 and TiO2 phases with no extra peaks. Morphological analysis shows the spherical nanoparticles and the average particle size of LaFeO3, TiO2 and LaFeO3/TiO2 was around 60 nm. The LaFeO3/TiO2 nanocomposites show a significant shift in the UV–vis absorption spectra in comparison with both TiO2 and LaFeO3 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the samples were tested for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solutions under visible light irradiations for 180 min. The LaFeO3/TiO2 composite exhibits enhanced visible light photocatalytic properties in comparison with that of LaFeO3 nanoparticles.

The animal husbandry and livestock sectors play a major role in the rural economy, especially for the small and marginal farmers. India has the largest livestock population in the world and ranks first in the milk production. Mastitis is the most common and expensive infectious disease in dairy cattle. The global economic losses per year due to mastitis amounts to USD 35 billion and for Indian dairy industry INR 6000 crores per year. Early detection of mastitis is very important to reduce the economic loss to the dairy farmers and dairy industry. Automated methods for early and reliable detection of mastitis are currently in focus under precision dairying. Skin surface temperature is an important indicator for the diagnosis of cow’s illnesses and for the estimation of their physiological status. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a simple, effective, on-site, and noninvasive method that detects surface heat, which is emitted as infrared radiation and generates pictorial images without causing radiation exposure. In human and bovine medicine, IRT is used as a diagnostic tool for assessment of normal and physiological status.

In this work a rapid and facile method has been adapted to synthesize Mn-MoO4/G nanocomposites through the self-limiting deposition of nanoscale Mn-MoO4 on the surface of graphene under hydrothermal conditions. The electrochemical performance of the nanostructured Mn-MoO4/G composite materials has been investigated. Mn-MoO4/G nanocomposite displays the specific capacitance as high as 302.08 Fg−1 at 0.1 Ag−1 which is significantly higher than that of GO (121.39 Fg−1) and Mn-MoO4 (201.81 Fg−1) in aqueous electrolyte Na2SO4. It has been observed that the capacitance retention ratio mainly depends on the current density with a maximum retention of 93.8% at 0.7 Ag−1. The energy density of 41.9 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 208 W kg−1 which is higher compared to pure Mn-MoO4. This is attributed to the higher operating voltage of the composite electrode. The improved electrochemical performance may be due to the increase in the electrode conductivity in the presence of graphene network, the increased effective interfacial area between Mn-MoO4 and the electrolyte, as well as the contact area between Mn-MoO4 and graphene.

In this work rod-like YMnO₃ were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure and morphology of prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural information was confirmed from Raman spectrum and the functional group of the sample was studied from FTIR spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm the formation and oxidation states of YMnO₃. The optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of YMnO₃ nanorods was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange (MO) under both ultraviolet and visible-light irradiation. The result shows that the YMnO₃ nanorods exhibit maximum photocatalytic activity in the degradation of MO.

Study was carried out to assess supplemental effects of dietary reduced ubiquinol (rCoQ10) on lipid profile and serum antioxidant activity in broiler chicks fed diets with three energy levels. 270 broiler chicks divided into nine groups (3 energy levels x 3 levels of rCoQ10) with three replicates. Birds were fed with basal energy (BE), low energy (BE-100 (kcal)) and high energy (BE+100 (kcal.kg-1) feed) and rCoQ10 at 0, 20 and 40ppm. Broiler chicks were distributed in completely randomized design and reared for 42d and at end of study, serum and muscle samples were collected for antioxidant activities, lipid contents. The activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, vitamin E were increased and serum malonaldehyde, total, LDL-cholesterol as well as muscle cholesterol were reduced by intake of rCoQ10. The consumption of rCoQ10 improved muscle oxidative stability than the control. Ubiquinol at 20ppm favourably altered lipid profile with reduced lipid peroxidation and improved serum antioxidants activities.

The increasing crime rate in smart cities demands a “smart” way to handle the situation. The objective of this article is to propose a methodology to strategically place a minimum number of police patrollers at road junctions such that positioning of the patrollers will achieve maximum visibility of the given geographical command efficiently. The notion of dominating set is applied to find the strategical locations at which the patrollers have to be placed. Also to allocate given patrollers optimally on these strategical locations we employ a priority based allocation to allocate them on the nodes that demand a higher importance. To experiment, the proposed model is tested for a place in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. The results show that by only placing the patrollers on 1/3 of the total number of junctions, spatial visibility of all the junctions in the geographic command can be achieved. If provided with the number of patrollers available to be allocated, then the algorithm can optimally allocate the given patrollers

The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability of selected minerals from Maize Germ Oilcake. Fifteen Karan Fries male calves of 6-12 months of age were selected and given 1.3, 1.7 and 2.1 kg/d of maize germ oilcake (MGOC) along with 1.7, 1.3 and 0.9 kg/d of wheat straw (WS) in three groups of 5 animals each for 21 days of adaptation period followed by 7 days of metabolism trial. Digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) varied significantly between the groups. Apparent absorption values of Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum (Mo) and Zinc (Zn) for maize germ oil cake were in the range of 51.31-56.32%, 44.16-46.16%, 46.09-46.75%, 8.39-12.73%, 7.21-9.59%, 3.38-5.18%, 25.26-27.84%, 46.45-48% and 25.54-26.49%. Addition of maize germ oil cake at varying levels did not have variations in the apparent absorption of minerals.

LaFeO3 nanospheres were synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by calcination. Citric acid was found to be key factor to the purity and the surface morphology of the LaFeO3 nanospheres. The obtained nanospheres have been structurally characterized by XRD which confirms the single crystalline orthorhombic structure. The structural information of the nanosphere was also confirmed from the Raman spectrum. HRSEM and AFM revealed that the prepared sample has been composed of spherical like morphology with an average size of about 45 nm. From XPS analysis, the chemical state of the LaFeO3 nanospheres was confirmed. Magnetic measurement indicates the products shows weak magnetic behaviour. The UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis shows strong absorption at 466 nm which confirms that the obtained material has excellent visible light absorption ability. Furthermore, the photocatalytic experiment demonstrates that the prepared LaFeO3 nanospheres exhibit well and stable photocatalytic activity for decomposition of methyl orange under visible-light irradiation.

In this paper, a facile synthesis of 1D-rodlike Yttrium manganite (YMnO3) was reported. YMnO3 nanorods were successfully prepared via a hydrothermal process. The prepared sample was subjected to structural, morphological and magnetic property studies. The XRD pattern confirmed that the prepared sample is phase pure with hexagonal structure. HRSEM, HRTEM and AFM images revealed that the sample contains uniform nanorods with average diameter of 100 nm and length in several micrometers. MFM image shows a magnetic distribution in the rods. The zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetization curve shows an anti-ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition TN (Neel temperature) at ~80 K in the temperature range from 20 to 300 K which was further confirmed by magnetic hysteresis loops.

This paper presents a fuzzy step size least mean square (LMS) algorithm for grid connected renewable energy source. The main objective is to mitigate the harmonics and the neutral current compensation. The conventional controllers may fail due to the rapid change in the dynamics of the highly non-linear system. The fuzzy step size least mean square (FSS-LMS) algorithm in handling theuncertainties and learning from the processes is proved to be advantageous while the inverter operating at fluctuatingoperating conditions. The inverter is controlled tocompensate the harmonics and current imbalance of a three phase four wire non-linear load with generatedrenewable power injection in to the grid.The grid will always supply/absorb a balanced set offundamental currents at unity power factor even in the presence of three phase four wire non-linear unbalance load at point of common coupling(PCC).The proposed system is developed and simulated inMATLAB/SimPowerSystem environment under differentoperating conditions. IndexTerms:Fuzzy step size-least mean square(FSS-LMS) algorithm, Non-linear load, Active Power Filter, Distributed

This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of micro minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Co and Cu) of feeds and their distribution in fiber fractions (Neutral Detergent Fiber/NDF and Acid Detergent Fiber/ADF). Three species of common feeds namely ground nut cake (Arachis hypogaea), mustard cake (Brassica juncea), soybean meal (Glycine max), were collected. Micro minerals concentration in the feed samples and fiber fractions were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) Icap 6000 Series. The results showed that micro minerals concentration of feed and their distribution in fiber fraction varied among species. The concentration of all the minerals in feed was above the critical level. Distribution of micro minerals in NDF and ADF were also estimated. Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc(Zn), in feeds were the highest elements associated in NDF and ADF, while the lowest was found in cobalt (Co) and manganese(Mn).

Multiferroic YMnO3nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal process at 200°C. Hexagonal structure of the synthesized sample was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. High resolution scanning electron microscope analysis shows uniform nanorods with average diameter of about 350nm and length of 10µm. Transmission electron microscope and selected area electron diffraction studies reveal the single crystalline nature of nanorods and the lattice fringe width of nanorod is about 0.296nm for the (111) plane with the growth direction along (001) plane (c-axis). The zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization studies show a complicated magnetic transition occurred in the temperature range from 20 to 300K as confirmed by magnetic hysteresis loops.

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of various categories of feed additives on rumen fermentation. Fermentation kinetics and substrate utilization by rumen microbes was studied by fortifying the substrate having roughage to concentrate of 60:40 with glucogenic viz., glycerol and propylene glycol (PG), rumen fermentation modifiers viz., para aminobenzoic acid (PABA), exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) and probiotic feed additives by applying first order kinetics model to in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. Glycerol was more effective than PG for substrate fermentation kinetics and its utilization, particularly IVTVFA production. Buffer addition was more effective with PG but not with glycerol. PABA had non-significant impact on either substrate fermentation kinetics or utilization. EFE fortification significantly improved the extent of fermentation, IVNDFD and IVTVFA; however, probiotics showed only significant increase in IVDMD (P

TbMnO3 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal process with combination of post-annealing at different temperatures. Thermal, XRD, and FT-IR analysis confirms the formation of TbMnO3 phase. The morphology and particle size of the samples were determined using HRSEM and HRTEM. The prepared TbMnO3 sample shows average particle size in the range of 40–60 nm. XPS analysis confirms the oxidation state of the samples. The dc magnetic susceptibility measurements in an applied magnetic field 50 Oe of TbMnO3 samples annealed at 800 and 900 °C show anti-ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition at 80 and 86 K, respectively, which is also confirmed by magnetic hysteresis loops in the temperature range from 5 to 300 K. The size, morphology, and magnetic property of the nanoparticles were dependent on annealing temperatures.

LaFeO3 nanospheres have been successively synthesized via hydrothermal method. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the prepared nanopowder were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The UV–Vis shows strong absorption at 475 nm which has excellent visible light absorption ability. Band gap energy of the prepared nanosphere was found to be 2.60 eV. The results indicate that the LaFeO3 nanospheres prepared by this method could be a kind of photocatalytic material.

The study was conducted to determine chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and bioaccessibility of (%) of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) in mustard (MC), cotton seed (CSC) and maize germ oil cake (MGOC). The values of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and TA in MC were 92.27, 92.43, 38.36, 8.17, 28.11, 21.32 and 7.57%, respectively and the corresponding values in CSC were 92.16, 92.91, 21.11, 6.26, 38.33, 31.14 and 7.09% and MGOC were 93.72, 96.42, 18.56, 8.86, 34.60, 23.71 and 3.58%. The MC, CSC and MGOC had Cu content of 9.87, 11.28 and 8.62 ppm, Mo content of 1.52, 1.69 and 1.12 ppm and Zn level of 58.94, 38.93 and 28.21 ppm, respectively. IVDMD (%) was found to be the highest for MC (68.42±0.35) and the lowest for CSC (59.71±1.07). Bioaccessibility (%) of Cu and Zn was lower (P