Author: "R. D. Wood" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

166 results on '"R. D. Wood"'

1. Nadine Ehlers, Racial Imperatives: Discipline, Performativity, and Struggles Against Subjection (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012), 185 pages.

Author: R. D. Wood
Subjects: Philosophy (General), B1-5802
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and aspirin, alone and combined, on canine platelet function

Author: Shauna L. Blois, R. D. Wood, David W.L. Ma, Adronie Verbrugghe, and S. Westgarth
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Aspirin, Combination therapy, 040301 veterinary sciences, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, Fish oil, Surgery, 0403 veterinary science, Clinical trial, 03 medical and health sciences, Adenosine diphosphate, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, medicine, Platelet, Clinical significance, Small Animals, business, Whole blood, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives To compare haemostatic function in healthy dogs after treatment with low-dose aspirin alone, fish oil alone or a combination of these two therapies. Materials and Methods Double-blinded randomised controlled clinical trial on 16 healthy client-owned dogs. Comprehensive haemostatic testing was performed at baseline and after 7 days of therapy with low-dose aspirin in all dogs. Following a 14-day washout, six dogs received fish oil, and nine dogs received combination therapy of aspirin plus fish oil; haemostatic testing was performed before and at 7 and 28 days after treatment initiation. Results Aspirin was associated with significantly decreased platelet function as measured by a collagen-epinephrine cartridge and inhibited arachidonic acid-induced whole-blood platelet aggregometry. Fish oil alone did not significantly affect any haemostatic tests. The combination of aspirin plus fish oil therapy caused a significantly greater inhibition of adenosine diphosphate and collagen-induced whole blood aggregometry compared to aspirin alone. Clinical Significance Fish oil added to aspirin therapy appears to augment inhibition of some measures of platelet function in healthy dogs.
Published: 2017

3. Thrombomodulin Expression in Tissues From Dogs With Systemic Inflammatory Disease

Author: R. D. Wood, S. D. Kim, P. Baker, and J. DeLay
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, 040301 veterinary sciences, Thrombomodulin, Inflammation, 0403 veterinary science, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, medicine, Animals, Dog Diseases, Endothelium, Lung, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, General Veterinary, business.industry, Endothelial Cells, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, Acute pancreatitis, medicine.symptom, business, Spleen, Protein C, medicine.drug
Abstract: Thrombomodulin (TM) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells, which plays a major role in the protein C anticoagulation pathway. In people with inflammation, TM expression can be down-regulated on endothelial cells and a soluble form released into circulation, resulting in increased risk of thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. TM is present in dogs; however, there has been minimal investigation of its expression in canine tissues, and the effects of inflammation on TM expression in canine tissues have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate endothelial TM expression in tissues from dogs with systemic inflammatory diseases. A retrospective evaluation of tissue samples of lung, spleen, and liver from dogs with and without systemic inflammatory diseases was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and a modified manual IHC scoring system. TM expression was significantly reduced in all examined tissues in dogs diagnosed with septic peritonitis or acute pancreatitis.
Published: 2016

4. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER

Author: Alfredo Pironti, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, Sean Conroy, J. Uljanovs, D. Middleton-Gear, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, R. McAdams, Nicholas Watkins, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, A. Garcia-Carrasco, K. Gałązka, D. Nodwell, Pasquale Gaudio, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, C. Boyd, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Igor Lengar, Jarrod Leddy, Hiroyasu Utoh, J. H. Ahn, A. Stevens, J. Lönnroth, U. Kruezi, C. Guillemaut, N. Fonnesu, W. Studholme, Marek Rubel, P. Cahyna, O. McCormack, A. S. Jacobsen, D. Mazon, Gunta Kizane, N. Ashikawa, William Tang, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, Thomas Giegerich, G. Petravich, Angela Busse, Corneliu Porosnicu, M. Bigi, M. Wheatley, Christopher N. Bowman, J. Zacks, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, B. Bauvir, Stanislas Pamela, Sylvain Brémond, M.F. Stamp, Scott W. McIntosh, A. Rakha, S. Glöggler, V. Braic, C. Bottereau, S. Murphy, S. Knott, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, N. Vora, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, Gabriele Croci, M. Nocente, A. Hollingsworth, S. Reynolds, D. J. Wilson, D. D. Brown, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, E. Nilsson, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, E. Cecil, V. Huber, J. B. Girardo, Stylianos Varoutis, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, E. Safi, Ch. Day, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, A. Meigs, S. Esquembri, P. Gohil, K. Purahoo, Torbjörn Hellsten, N. Tipton, R. Guirlet, E. Joffrin, V. Aldred, Calin Besliu, M. Valentinuzzi, G. T. Jones, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, Laurent Marot, N. Lam, F. Crisanti, G. Verona Rinati, R. Marshal, Michael L. Brown, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, Michaele Freisinger, R. Olney, Jari Varje, S. Whetham, F. Parra Diaz, M. R. Hough, P. Dinca, F. Salzedas, A. Goodyear, R. Gowland, J. A. Wilson, J. Horacek, D. King, K. Flinders, I. R. Merrigan, M. Ghate, R. Michling, F. Saint-Laurent, G. Kocsis, D. Van Eester, C. Young, R. O. Dendy, A. Meakins, N. Pace, C. L. Hunter, D. Alegre, S. Foster, V. Riccardo, M. Bulman, C. Jeong, Marek Szawlowski, B. D. Whitehead, Vasily Kiptily, James Harrison, Hiroshi Tojo, G. T. A. Huijsmans, J. W. Coenen, X. Litaudon, Justin Williams, C. Hidalgo, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, A. W. Morris, R. Mooney, Yann Corre, S. Brezinsek, B. Gonçalves, M. Kresina, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, J. L. Gardarein, W. Davis, Aqsa Shabbir, Kanti M. Aggarwal, L. Colas, A. B. Kukushkin, Seppo Sipilä, Elisabeth Rachlew, Leena Aho-Mantila, O. G. Pompilian, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, P. Blanchard, Patrick Tamain, P. Camp, T. Szabolics, C. Luna, Kalle Heinola, H. G. Esser, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Hajime Urano, Roberta Lima Gomes, J.P. Coad, Th. Pütterich, A. Sinha, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, G. D. Ewart, F. S. Griph, T. Kobuchi, X. Lefebvre, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, S. Peschanyi, B. Graham, Giuseppe Telesca, M. Kempenaars, J. Bernardo, M. Hughes, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, T. J. Smith, P. Hertout, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Matthew Sibbald, Grégoire Hornung, C. Tame, Matthew Carr, S. Wray, P. T. Doyle, A. Somers, Giuseppe Chitarin, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, I. Jepu, David A. Wood, J. Miettunen, A. Sopplesa, Raffaele Fresa, S. Saarelma, M. Bacharis, J. Pozzi, P. Vallejos Olivares, Teddy Craciunescu, Raffaele Albanese, S. Knipe, Jason P. Byrne, A. C. C. Sips, S. Hazel, V. Kazantzidis, G. Stankūnas, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, C. Guerard, Pramit Dutta, J. E. Boom, Eduardo Alves, P. Grazier, Saskia Mordijck, V.S. Neverov, Kazuo Hoshino, A. P. Vadgama, P. D. Brennan, P. Innocente, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Irishkin, M. Berry, D. W. Robson, Dieter Leichtle, Fabio Pisano, P. McCullen, T. M. Huddleston, Kensaku Kamiya, D. Pacella, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, B. Magesh, A. Ash, J. Mlynář, C. Castaldo, C. Marchetto, D. L. Hillis, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, E. Andersson Sundén, G. Ramogida, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, Yannis Kominis, R. Proudfoot, C. Noble, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Hugo Bufferand, C. H. A. Hogben, B. Evans, R. Sartori, H. Greuner, M. G. Dunne, K. Schöpf, M. I. K. Santala, E. Giovannozzi, A. E. Shevelev, C. Gil, P. Boulting, P. Sagar, A.E. Shumack, P. A. Coates, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, J. C. Giacalone, S. Meshchaninov, A. Peackoc, G. De Temmerman, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, P. Santa, Sergey Popovichev, Ivan Lupelli, M. Valovic, Thomas Johnson, Y. Martynova, M. Rack, Olivier Sauter, J. Garcia, P. Siren, I. Balboa, S. Lee, Hans Nordman, R. Roccella, M. Faitsch, Julien Hillairet, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, V. Coccorese, Ye. O. Kazakov, R. El-Jorf, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Matthias Weiszflog, C. F. Maggi, Panagiotis Tolias, N. C. Hawkes, E. Clark, Bruno Santos, B. Sieglin, R. Rodionov, Roch Kwiatkowski, P. Denner, C. Woodley, Hugh Summers, Francesco Pizzo, G. Pucella, D. Croft, F. Di Maio, M. Tomes, D. Molina, A. Fernades, L. Amicucci, Marco Cecconello, A. Bisoffi, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Wilkinson, H. Maier, S. Rowe, M. Beckers, P.J. Knight, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, K. Deakin, M. Enachescu, A. Cobalt, D. Tskhakaya Jun, Michela Gelfusa, Rémy Nouailletas, R. Ragona, N. Bonanomi, D. A. Homfray, K. Riddle, Yann Camenen, J. D. Thomas, R.P. Doerner, Timothy P. Robinson, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, D. Pulley, A. Bécoulet, E. Tholerus, O. Bogar, M. Peterka, R. Crowe, C. Sommariva, A. R. Talbot, N. K. Butler, N. Reid, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, Juri Romazanov, Andre Neto, G. L. Ravera, Paolo Arena, A. Manning, F. Durodié, Maryna Chernyshova, D. Karkinsky, Štefan Matejčík, J. P. Thomas, A. Wilson, L. Joita, R. Naish, P. Strand, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, T. Powell, V. Schmidt, D. Barnes, José Vicente, S. Doswon, Daniel F. Valcarcel, Claudia Corradino, R. Warren, Annette M. Hynes, J. D. Strachan, A. M. Messiaen, M. Kovari, O. Omolayo, D. M. Witts, R. C. Felton, C. Fleming, C. A. Marren, Patrick Maget, J. Galdon-Quiroga, H. R. Koslowski, Bruce Lipschultz, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, M. Schneider, Sara Moradi, K. J. Nicholls, M. Beldishevski, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, A. Ekedahl, A. Lyssoivan, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, F. Jaulmes, A. Kirk, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Gabor Szepesi, R. C. Pereira, J. Juul Rasmussen, Nobuyuki Aiba, Michelle E. Walker, Gábor Cseh, Scott W. Mosher, R. Bastow, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, M. Curuia, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, J. Deane, João M. C. Sousa, Henrik Sjöstrand, T. O'Gorman, H. R. Wilson, P. Devynck, M. Price, C. A. Thompson, Daniele Marocco, A. Cullen, M. Clark, M. Lennholm, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Roland Sabot, I. Stepanov, N. Petrella, Filippo Sartori, L. W. Packer, P. Thomas, M. Lungu, A. V. Krasilnikov, R. Young, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, Duccio Testa, Pierre Dumortier, Paulo Carvalho, M. Gosk, Yong-Su Na, M. Buckley, Carlos A. Silva, V. Fuchs, K. Vasava, P. A. Tigwell, B. Wakeling, M. Medland, M. Bellinger, K. Gal, Petter Ström, E. Veshchev, F. Nabais, A. Wynn, L. Lauro Taroni, B. Beckett, L. Gil, M. Towndrow, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, V. Philipps, A. de Castro, D. Kinna, D. Conka, Göran Ericsson, L. Piron, J. Hawkins, D. Cooper, Kenneth Hammond, V.V. Parail, Cristian Ruset, G.J. van Rooij, M. N. A. Beurskens, N. Fawlk, G. Evison, M. Van De Mortel, N. Marcenko, B. Slade, Th. Franke, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, D. Baião, A. Martin de Aguilera, Frederic Imbeaux, Carlo Sozzi, J.L. de Pablos, J. Svensson, A. Withycombe, Ane Lasa, H. Sheikh, V.A. Yavorskij, Nick Walkden, E. Lerche, C. S. Gibson, Roberto Zanino, Y. Peysson, David Hatch, B. Bazylev, E. de la Cal, S. Hacquin, T. D. V. Haupt, S. A. Silburn, T.T.C. Jones, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, N. Teplova, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, W. W. Pires de Sa, T. C. Hender, J. K. Blackburn, I. Monakhov, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, J. Regana, Stefano Coda, Amanda J. Page, D. Fuller, António J.N. Batista, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, S. Cramp, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, A. Burckhart, M. Allinson, Larry R. Baylor, W. Leysen, D. B. Gin, P. Nielsen, A. Kantor, Yueqiang Liu, A.V. Stephen, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, B. C. Regan, Aleksander Drenik, A. Lukin, L. Thorne, G. Nemtsev, J. Denis, M. E. Graham, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, A. Cufar, Giuseppe Prestopino, D. Kogut, N. Pomaro, J. Keep, Jochen Linke, Shimpei Futatani, Boris Breizman, A. Sirinelli, M. Chandler, M. Fortune, F. Degli Agostini, I. Jenkins, T. Spelzini, G. Calabrò, O. N. Kent, A. Lunniss, Etienne Hodille, Z. Vizvary, Volker Naulin, T. Eich, F. Mink, A. Alkseev, P. W. Haydon, Massimo Angelone, Norberto Catarino, J. Lapins, Roberto Pasqualotto, R. Lawless, T. Schlummer, F. Bonelli, M. Wischmeier, Stéphane Devaux, G. Saibene, Dirk Reiser, Y. R. Martin, H. Bergsåker, Jon Godwin, Alessia Santucci, C. Lane, Justyna Grzonka, Ph. Mertens, Claudio Verona, David Moulton, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, P. G. Smith, T. Bolzonella, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, M. A. Henderson, M. Marinucci, T. Suzuki, Jakub Bielecki, João Figueiredo, M. Afzal, J. Cane, Robert Hager, Luciano Bertalot, M. Firdaouss, G. Tvalashvili, D. Hepple, D. Esteve, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, R. D'Inca, G. De Tommasi, Ch. Linsmeier, T. Nicolas, I. J. Pearson, P. Finburg, Ireneusz Książek, S. Talebzadeh, A. Czarnecka, A. Botrugno, M. Gethins, Bohdan Bieg, R. Baughan, I. Borodkina, B. Kos, A. Muraro, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Hermon, S.J. Wukitch, Jari Likonen, D. P. Coster, Guglielmo Rubinacci, I. H. Coffey, Justine M. Kent, S. E. Dorling, J. Dankowski, Geert Verdoolaege, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, A. Lescinskis, P. Staniec, Karl Schmid, M. Mayer, Peter Lang, T. Franklin, M.I. Williams, C. G. Elsmore, F. Maviglia, C. Di Troia, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, Yu Gao, Philipp Drews, E. Letellier, A. S. Thompson, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, E. Khilkevich, A. Manzanares, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, J. Edmond, Sebastián Dormido-Canto, R. Dux, C. Appelbee, L. Moser, Angelo Cenedese, D. Fagan, N. Richardson, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Rohde, R. Paprok, João P. S. Bizarro, P. Aleynikov, M. Sertoli, Ł. Świderski, Simone Palazzo, O. W. Davies, D. Douai, N. Macdonald, M. Baruzzo, J. López-Razola, M. Lungaroni, D. Clatworthy, R. Bravanec, J. Lovell, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, M. E. Puiatti, P. Papp, G. Bodnar, V. Aslanyan, A. Weckmann, K. A. Taylor, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, Ewa Pawelec, Miles M. Turner, Steven J. Meitner, M. Bernert, Ph. Maquet, R. C. Meadows, A. Shaw, N. Vianello, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, A. Fil, A. S. Couchman, Inessa Bolshakova, J. Fyvie, Konstantina Mergia, J. Gallagher, R.V. Budny, Frank Leipold, C. J. Rapson, R. C. Lobel, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Gianluca Rubino, G. Withenshaw, S. Maruyama, S. P. Hallworth Cook, M. Newman, Jérôme Bucalossi, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, I. Nedzelski, T. Donne, P. Leichuer, R. Cesario, M. D. J. Bright, T. Boyce, N. Imazawa, Per Petersson, R. King, A. Loving, L. Garzotti, Jorge Ferreira, G. Corrigan, D. Sandiford, B. Tal, P. Puglia, Daniel Tegnered, J. Karhunen, James S. Wright, Tom Wauters, J. McKehon, K. Rathod, Olivier Février, Alessandro Formisano, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, F. Medina, S. Collins, H. J. Boyer, Elena Bruno, Horacio Fernandes, M. J. Stead, R. Paccagnella, J. Kaniewski, Ion E. Stamatelatos, F. Causa, M. F. F. Nave, A. Patel, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, Mariano Ruiz, K. Dylst, Raymond A. Shaw, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, P. P. Pereira Puglia, J. Ongena, N. A. Benterman, V. N. Amosov, Christian Grisolia, J. Simpson, C. Perez von Thun, Jan Weiland, P. Tonner, F. Belli, T. Odupitan, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, Taina Kurki-Suonio, I. Uytdenhouwen, Estelle Gauthier, M. Oberkofler, B. Alper, Iris D. Young, S. Soare, Yuji Hatano, D. Reece, D. Borodin, M. Moneti, W. Yanling, S. Mianowski, K. Fenton, Stephen J. Bailey, R. Coelho, Sandra C. Chapman, E. Łaszyńska, A. R. Field, F.J. Martínez, Anders Nielsen, M. Smithies, M. J. Mantsinen, A. J. Capel, N. D. Smith, A. Pires dos Reis, M.-L. Mayoral, T. Loarer, P. Carman, N. Grazier, S. Breton, J. M. A. Bradshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Fulvio Auriemma, Fulvio Militello, Barbara Cannas, D. Ulyatt, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, R. Scannell, B. I. Oswuigwe, Darren Price, Robert E. Grove, D. Guard, M. Leyland, G. Stubbs, J. W. Banks, V.V. Plyusnin, M. S. J. Rainford, Andrea Murari, Sanjeev Ranjan, A. Huber, V. Krasilnikov, C. Bower, H. Leggate, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, G. Giruzzi, K. Maczewa, Colin Roach, P. Beaumont, R. P. Johnson, Anna Widdowson, L. A. Kogan, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, J. Morris, Robert Skilton, Katarzyna Słabkowska, M. A. Barnard, Jean-Paul Booth, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, R. Bament, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, T. Vu, P. Huynh, S.N. Gerasimov, D. I. Refy, Yunfeng Liang, Anders Hjalmarsson, S. Dalley, Roberto Ambrosino, O. Hemming, T. R. Blackman, Y. Zhou, Vasile Zoita, P. Vincenzi, A. Loarte, C. Rayner, Martin Imrisek, M. Tripsky, C. Mazzotta, A. Uccello, V. Basiuk, Lide Yao, V. Goloborod'ko, S. Villari, B. P. Duval, N. Bulmer, W. Zhang, L. Hackett, D. N. Borba, M. Halitovs, Mario Pillon, H. Arnichand, Alberto Alfier, A. Lawson, A. Masiello, T. Makkonen, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, D. Paton, L. Avotina, A. Krivska, M. Maslov, Richard Verhoeven, Marc Goniche, A. Broslawski, Marica Rebai, E. de la Luna, E. Militello-Asp, V. Cocilovo, L. Carraro, Michael Fitzgerald, Bernardo B. Carvalho, D. Young, C.G. Lowry, F. J. Casson, L.-G. Eriksson, T. M. Biewer, B. Esposito, F.G. Rimini, J. Fessey, G. Kaveney, S. Hall, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, N. Bekris, L. F. Ruchko, P. Batistoni, E. Alessi, M. G. O'Mullane, D. S. Darrow, C. N. Grundy, N. Hayter, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Brombin, Enrico Zilli, M. Valisa, M. Reich, S. Panja, C. Gurl, Charles Harrington, Emmanuele Peluso, M. Porton, Michael Walsh, D. Falie, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, J. M. Faustin, S. Cortes, S. Fietz, P. Piovesan, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, R. Neu, Bojiang Ding, G.A. Rattá, F. Reimold, R. Craven, M. Cox, J. Orszagh, Aaro Järvinen, A. S. Thrysøe, A. Shepherd, I. Ďuran, Andrew M. Edwards, A. Kinch, J. Beal, M. Gherendi, Martin Köppen, D. Samaddar, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, J. Jansons, Nengchao Wang, J. Wu, John Wright, S. Wiesen, C. King, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, K. Krieger, Václav Petržílka, D. Schworer, C. Watts, T. Keenan, Andrea Malizia, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, C. P. Lungu, V. Prajapati, Marco Ariola, C. Wellstood, S. Gilligan, Mirko Salewski, Michael Barnes, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, C. Kennedy, S. Jachmich, J. Caumont, Isabel L. Nunes, A. Petre, A. Kallenbach, M. Anghel, B. Lomanowski, Marco Riva, M. Romanelli, G. De Masi, T. May-Smith, T. Xu, A. Goussarov, S. Romanelli, M. Okabayashi, A. Baker, R. Salmon, T. Tala, Nicolas Fedorczak, S. Lanthaler, Giuliana Sias, J. Risner, Clarisse Bourdelle, M. E. Manso, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, M. Bassan, M. T. Ogawa, V. Thompson, A. M. Whitehead, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, Gennady Sergienko, E. Stefanikova, Mattia Frasca, H. Dabirikhah, Lorenzo Frassinetti, N. Dzysiuk, D. L. Keeling, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, Daniel Dunai, David Taylor, Arturo Buscarino, Carolina Björkas, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Hill, Gwyndaf Evans, S. Minucci, Xiang Gao, A. V. Chankin, Francesco Romanelli, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, A. Owen, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, Petr Vondracek, Sehyun Kwak, P. Abreu, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, M. Cleverly, H.S. Kim, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, L. Fazendeiro, R. Cavazzana, P. J. Lomas, J. Hawes, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, S. P. Hotchin, N. R. Green, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, Linwei Li, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, N. Ben Ayed, Mario Cavinato, M. Goodliffe, C. Clements, D. Kenny, Axel Klix, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, Min-Gu Yoo, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, S. Potzel, D. Grist, K. Blackman, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, David Pfefferlé, W. Broeckx, D. Harting, S. G. J. Tyrrell, F. Binda, L. Horvath, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, Raul Moreno, G. M. D. Hogeweij, P. Card, A. Hagar, Ion Tiseanu, Rita Lorenzini, L. Appel, Jet Contributors, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, U. Samm, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, C. Taliercio, F. S. Zaitsev, G. F. Matthews, Tuomas Koskela, P. J. Howarth, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Amanda Hubbard, R. Otin, K. G. McClements, M. Park, R. McKean, C. Christopher Klepper, I. Karnowska, Peter J. Pool, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Association EURATOM-TEKES, Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), ITN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITER organization (ITER), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU), Institut d'ophtalmologie Hédi-Rais de Tunis, Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Assoc., Magnetic Sensor laboratory [Lviv] (MSL), National Polytechnic University of Lviv (LPNU), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Problems of Material Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Department of Hydraulics, Transportations and Roads, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department (MS 388), University of Nevada [Reno], AUTRES, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Mathematics [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] (DIFFER), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Cadarache, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom research and training programme 633053, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides ( IMFS ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Univ. Mediterranea RC, Culham Science Centre, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear ( ITN ), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ITER Organization, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique ( LNIO ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU ), Service de cardiologie [Toulouse], Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), MSL, Lviv Polytechnic National University ( MSL ), Lviv Polytechnic National University, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion ( CERAG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics ( IEK-4 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( NASU ), Lille - Economie et Management ( LEM ), Université catholique de Lille ( UCL ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie ( 3MI-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires ( LMGM ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Nevada, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] ( IPPLM ), UCL Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] ( ARC ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Cardiff School of Mathematics, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS ( LPP ERM KMS ), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School ( ERM KMS ), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] ( DIFFER ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, JET Contributors, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfier, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Andersson SundÃ©n, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiã¡o, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Baron Wiechec, A, Barrera Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, Ã, Ben Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsã¥ker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bãlkovã¡, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjã¶rkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnã¡r, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broså‚awski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabrã², G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombã©, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Castro, A, De La Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Dejarnac, R, Delabie, E, Den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donnã©, T, Dorling, S, Dormido Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drenik, A, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Äžuran, I, Durodiã©, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, A, Faustin, J, Fawlk, N, Fazendeiro, L, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenton, K, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Fessey, J, Fã©vrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Finburg, P, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Flinders, K, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, J, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fortuna Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Foster, S, Franke, T, Franklin, T, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fuller, D, Futatani, S, Fyvie, J, Gã¡l, K, Galassi, D, Gaå‚azka, K, Galdon Quiroga, J, Gallagher, J, Gallart, D, Galvã¡o, R, Gao, X, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia Carrasco, A, GarcÃa MuÃ±oz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gear, D, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Giegerich, T, Gil, C, Gil, L, Gilligan, S, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Girardo, J, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glã¶ggler, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodliffe, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Gowland, R, Graham, B, Graham, M, Graves, J, Grazier, N, Grazier, P, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Grundy, C, Grzonka, J, Guard, D, Guã©rard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gurl, C, Utoh, H, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hagar, A, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamlyn Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harrington, C, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Haydon, P, Hayter, N, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Hermon, G, Hertout, P, Hidalgo, C, Highcock, E, Hill, M, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Homfray, D, Horã¡ä ek, J, Hornung, G, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Howarth, P, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Hughes, M, Huijsmans, G, Hunter, C, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iglesias, D, Imazawa, N, Imbeaux, F, Imrãå¡ek, M, Incelli, M, Innocente, P, Irishkin, M, Ivanova Stanik, I, Jachmich, S, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, Jansons, J, Jardin, A, Jã¤rvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jednorã³g, S, Jenkins, I, Jeong, C, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Joita, L, Jones, G, Jones, T, Hoshino, K, Kallenbach, A, Kamiya, K, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Karnowska, I, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Keenan, T, Keep, J, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kenny, D, Kent, J, Kent, O, Khilkevich, E, Kim, H, Kinch, A, King, C, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirk, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kizane, G, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Knott, S, Kobuchi, T, Kã¶chl, F, Kocsis, G, Kodeli, I, Kogan, L, Kogut, D, Koivuranta, S, Kominis, Y, Kã¶ppen, M, Kos, B, Koskela, T, Koslowski, H, Koubiti, M, Kovari, M, Kowalska StrzÈ©ciwilk, E, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiaå¼ek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kundu, A, Kurki Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Kwiatkowski, R, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, C, Lang, P, Lanthaler, S, Lapins, J, Lasa, A, Last, J, Å aszyå„ska, E, Lawless, R, Lawson, A, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Leddy, J, Lee, S, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leichuer, P, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lesnoj, S, Letellier, E, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Liu, G, Liu, Y, Lo Schiavo, V, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lã¶nnroth, J, Lã³pez, J, LÃ³pez Razola, J, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Lovell, J, Loving, A, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lupelli, I, Lyssoivan, A, Macdonald, N, Macheta, P, Maczewa, K, Magesh, B, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Makkonen, T, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manning, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markoviä , T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marren, C, Marshal, R, Martin, A, Martin, Y, MartÃn De Aguilera, A, Martãnez, F, MartÃn SolÃs, J, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Masiello, A, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, May Smith, T, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcintosh, S, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Meadows, R, Meakins, A, Medina, F, Medland, M, Medley, S, Meigh, S, 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K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schöpf, K., Schwörer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipilä, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankūnas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Ström, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Świderski, Ł., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomeš, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya jun, D., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. 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W., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano] (DENG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Centre Julich (FZJ), Institute for Plasma Research, Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa, Queen's University Belfast, University of Helsinki, CEA, Department of Applied Physics, School services, SCI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, VTT, University of Naples Federico II, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, CNR, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L'energia e l'ambiente, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Uppsala University, National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, University of Catania, Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Fusion Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Latvia, Imperial College London, CIEMAT, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, University of York, Royal Institute of Technology, Maritime University of Szczecin, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences, University of Trento, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Comenius University, University of Milan - Bicocca, National Institute for Optoelectronics, Fourth State Research, University of Texas at Austin, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Princeton University, CNRS, University of Cagliari, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, FOM Institute DIFFER, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Ghent University, J. Stefan Institute, Universite de Lorraine, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, University of California at San Diego, Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, School services, ELEC, Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Automaatio- ja systeemitekniik, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Second University of Naples, Warsaw University of Technology, Universita della Basilicata, Barcelona Supercomp. Center, Universidad de Sevilla, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Sähkötekniikan laitos, University of Rome Tor Vergata, RAS - Ioffe Physico Technical Institute, General Atomics, University of Innsbruck, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Toyama, University of Strathclyde, National Technical University of Athens, Universita della Tuscia, Technical University of Denmark, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul National University, University College Cork, Vienna University of Technology, University of Opole, Daegu University, National Fusion Research Institute, Dublin City University, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, PELIN LLC, Arizona State University, Universidad Complutense, University of Basel, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Consorzio CREATE, Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Purdue University, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, School Services, ARTS, Department of Design, University of California Office of the President, Universidade de Sao Paulo, School Services, BIZ, Department of Information and Service Management, Lithuanian Energy Institute, HRS Fusion, Politecnico di Torino, University of Cassino, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Faculdade de Engenharia
Subjects: Technology, fusion, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, DIAGNOSTICS, 01 natural sciences, ILW, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ilw, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Plasma, H-Mode Plasmas, law, ITER, Disruption Prediction, COLLISIONALITY, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES, Diagnostics, Operation, JET, plasma, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), JET, plasma, fusion, ITER, Divertor, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, DENSITY PEAKING, Carbon Wall, H-MODE PLASMAS, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Density Peaking, Neutron transport, Facing Components, Collisionality, 114 Physical sciences, Física, Física, Nuclear physics, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Pedestal, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, ddc:530, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Fusion, Physics, Physical sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Edge Localized Modes, QC717, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Reactors de fusió, Física, FACING COMPONENTS, Fusion reactors, Jet, CARBON WALL, DISRUPTION PREDICTION, OPERATION, ddc:600
Abstract: The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at ßN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1.173 autors/es: X. Litaudon35, S. Abduallev39, M. Abhangi46, P. Abreu53, M. Afzal7, K.M. Aggarwal29, T. Ahlgren101, J.H. Ahn8, L. Aho-Mantila112, N. Aiba69, M. Airila112, R. Albanese105, V. Aldred7, D. Alegre93, E. Alessi45, P. Aleynikov55, A. Alfier12, A. Alkseev72, M. Allinson7, B. Alper7, E. Alves53, G. Ambrosino105, R. Ambrosino106, L. Amicucci90, V. Amosov88, E. Andersson Sundén22, M. Angelone90, M. Anghel85, C. Angioni62, L. Appel7, C. Appelbee7, P. Arena30, M. Ariola106, H. Arnichand8, S. Arshad41, A. Ash7, N. Ashikawa68, V. Aslanyan64, O. Asunta1, F. Auriemma12, Y. Austin7, L. Avotina103, M.D. Axton7, C. Ayres7, M. Bacharis24, A. Baciero57, D. Baião53, S. Bailey7, A. Baker7, I. Balboa7, M. Balden62, N. Balshaw7, R. Bament7, J.W. Banks7, Y.F. Baranov7, M.A. Barnard7, D. Barnes7, M. Barnes27, R. Barnsley55, A. Baron Wiechec7, L. Barrera Orte34, M. Baruzzo12, V. Basiuk8, M. Bassan55, R. Bastow7, A. Batista53, P. Batistoni90, R. Baughan7, B. Bauvir55, L. Baylor73, B. Bazylev56, J. Beal110, P.S. Beaumont7, M. Beckers39, B. Beckett7, A. Becoulet8, N. Bekris35, M. Beldishevski7, K. Bell7, F. Belli90, M. Bellinger7, É. Belonohy62, N. Ben Ayed7, N.A. Benterman7, H. Bergsåker42, J. Bernardo53, M. Bernert62, M. Berry7, L. Bertalot55, C. Besliu7, M. Beurskens63, B. Bieg61, J. Bielecki47, T. Biewer73, M. Bigi12, P. Bílková50, F. Binda22, A. Bisoffi31, J.P.S. Bizarro53, C. Björkas101, J. Blackburn7, K. Blackman7, T.R. Blackman7, P. Blanchard33, P. Blatchford7, V. Bobkov62, A. Boboc7, G. Bodnár113, O. Bogar18, I. Bolshakova60, T. Bolzonella12, N. Bonanomi97, F. Bonelli56, J. Boom62, J. Booth7, D. Borba35,53, D. Borodin39, I. Borodkina39, A. Botrugno90, C. Bottereau8, P. Boulting7, C. Bourdelle8, M. Bowden7, C. Bower7, C. Bowman110, T. Boyce7, C. Boyd7, H.J. Boyer7, J.M.A. Bradshaw7, V. Braic87, R. Bravanec40, B. Breizman107, S. Bremond8, P.D. Brennan7, S. Breton8, A. Brett7, S. Brezinsek39, M.D.J. Bright7, M. Brix7, W. Broeckx78, M. Brombin12, A. Brosławski65, D.P.D. Brown7, M. Brown7, E. Bruno55, J. Bucalossi8, J. Buch46, J. Buchanan7, M.A. Buckley7, R. Budny76, H. Bufferand8, M. Bulman7, N. Bulmer7, P. Bunting7, P. Buratti90, A. Burckhart62, A. Buscarino30, A. Busse7, N.K. Butler7, I. Bykov42, J. Byrne7, P. Cahyna50, G. Calabrò90, I. Calvo57, Y. Camenen4, P. Camp7, D.C. Campling7, J. Cane7, B. Cannas17, A.J. Capel7, P.J. Card7, A. Cardinali90, P. Carman7, M. Carr7, D. Carralero62, L. Carraro12, B.B. Carvalho53, I. Carvalho53, P. Carvalho53, F.J. Casson7, C. Castaldo90, N. Catarino53, J. Caumont7, F. Causa90, R. Cavazzana12, K. Cave-Ayland7, M. Cavinato12, M. Cecconello22, S. Ceccuzzi90, E. Cecil76, A. Cenedese12, R. Cesario90, C.D. Challis7, M. Chandler7, D. Chandra46, C.S. Chang76, A. Chankin62, I.T. Chapman7, S.C. Chapman28, M. Chernyshova49, G. Chitarin12, G. Ciraolo8, D. Ciric7, J. Citrin38, F. Clairet8, E. Clark7, M. Clark7, R. Clarkson7, D. Clatworthy7, C. Clements7, M. Cleverly7, J.P. Coad7, P.A. Coates7, A. Cobalt7, V. Coccorese105, V. Cocilovo90, S. Coda33, R. Coelho53, J.W. Coenen39, I. Coffey29, L. Colas8, S. Collins7, D. Conka103, S. Conroy22, N. Conway7, D. Coombs7, D. Cooper7, S.R. Cooper7, C. Corradino30, Y. Corre8, G. Corrigan7, S. Cortes53, D. Coster62, A.S. Couchman7, M.P. Cox7, T. Craciunescu86, S. Cramp7, R. Craven7, F. Crisanti90, G. Croci97, D. Croft7, K. Crombé15, R. Crowe7, N. Cruz53, G. Cseh113, A. Cufar81, A. Cullen7, M. Curuia85, A. Czarnecka49, H. Dabirikhah7, P. 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Trimble7, M. Tripsky58, M. Tsalas38, P. Tsavalas71, D. Tskhakaya jun102, I. Turner7, M.M. Turner32, M. Turnyanskiy34, G. Tvalashvili7, S.G.J. Tyrrell7, A. Uccello45, Z. Ul-Abidin7, J. Uljanovs1, D. Ulyatt7, H. Urano69, I. Uytdenhouwen78, A.P. Vadgama7, D. Valcarcel7, M. Valentinuzzi8, M. Valisa12, P. Vallejos Olivares42, M. Valovic7, M. Van De Mortel7, D. Van Eester58, W. Van Renterghem78, G.J. van Rooij38, J. Varje1, S. Varoutis56, S. Vartanian8, K. Vasava46, T. Vasilopoulou71, J. Vega57, G. Verdoolaege58, R. Verhoeven7, C. Verona95, G. Verona Rinati95, E. Veshchev55, N. Vianello45, J. Vicente53, E. Viezzer62,92, S. Villari90, F. Villone100, P. Vincenzi12, I. Vinyar74, B. Viola90, A. Vitins103, Z. Vizvary7, M. Vlad86, I. Voitsekhovitch34, P. Vondráček50, N. Vora7, T. Vu8, W.W. Pires de Sa52, B. Wakeling7, C.W.F. Waldon7, N. Walkden7, M. Walker7, R. Walker7, M. Walsh55, E. Wang39, N. Wang39, S. Warder7, R.J. Warren7, J. Waterhouse7, N.W. Watkins28, C. Watts55, T. Wauters58, A. Weckmann42, J. Weiland23, H. Weisen33, M. Weiszflog22, C. Wellstood7, A.T. West7, M.R. Wheatley7, S. Whetham7, A.M. Whitehead7, B.D. Whitehead7, A.M. Widdowson7, S. Wiesen39, J. Wilkinson7, J. Williams7, M. Williams7, A.R. Wilson7, D.J. Wilson7, H.R. Wilson110, J. Wilson7, M. Wischmeier62, G. Withenshaw7, A. Withycombe7, D.M. Witts7, D. Wood7, R. Wood7, C. Woodley7, S. Wray7, J. Wright7, J.C. Wright64, J. Wu89, S. Wukitch64, A. Wynn110, T. Xu7, D. Yadikin16, W. Yanling39, L. Yao89, V. Yavorskij102, M.G. Yoo80, C. Young7, D. Young7, I.D. Young7, R. Young7, J. Zacks7, R. Zagorski49, F.S. Zaitsev18, R. Zanino75, A. Zarins103, K.D. Zastrow7, M. Zerbini90, W. Zhang62, Y. Zhou42, E. Zilli12, V. Zoita86, S. Zoletnik113, I. Zychor65 and JET Contributorsa // EUROfusion Consortium JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 1 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland / 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France / 3 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France / 4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France / 5 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America / 6 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain / 7 CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 8 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 9 Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America / 10 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud, 160, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22290-180, Brazil / 11 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 12 Consorzio RFX, corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy / 13 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea / 14 Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain / 15 Department of Applied Physics UG (Ghent University) St-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium / 16 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 17 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy / 18 Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia / 19 Department of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PL-01-152 Warsaw, Poland / 20 Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea / 21 Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, United Kingdom / 22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden / 23 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 24 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom / 25 Department of Physics, SCI, KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden / 26 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland / 27 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom / 28 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom / 29 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom / 30 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy / 31 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy / 32 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland / 33 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland / 34 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany / 35 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 36 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium / 37 Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, ULB—Campus Plaine—CP 231 Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium / 38 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands / 39 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany / 40 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America / 41 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain / 42 Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden / 43 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America / 44 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America / 45 IFP-CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy / 46 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, Gujarat State, India / 47 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland / 48 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland / 49 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland / 50 Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia / 51 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China / 52 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187 CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil / 53 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal / 54 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation / 55 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 56 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany / 57 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain / 58 Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium / 59 Lithuanian energy institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania / 60 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine / 61 Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland / 62 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany / 63 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany / 64 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Centre, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America / 65 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland / 66 National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea / 67 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan / 68 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan / 69 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan / 70 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece / 71 NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece / 72 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation / 73 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America / 74 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation / 75 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy / 76 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America / 77 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America / 78 SCK-CEN, Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium / 79 Second University of Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 80 Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea / 81 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia / 82 Space and Plasma Physics, EES, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden / 83 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark / 84 The ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 85 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania / 86 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 87 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 88 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation / 89 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China / 90 Unità Tecnica Fusione, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy / 91 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain / 92 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain / 93 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain / 94 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain / 95 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy / 96 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland / 97 University Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy / 98 University of Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 99 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America / 100 University of Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 101 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland / 102 University of Innsbruck, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Innsbruck, Austria / 103 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia / 104 University of Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7198, YIJL, Nancy, France / 105 University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 106 University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 107 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America / 108 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan / 109 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy / 110 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom / 111 Vienna University of Technology, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria / 112 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland / 113 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
Published: 2017

5. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and aspirin, alone and combined, on canine platelet function

Author: S, Westgarth, S L, Blois, R, D Wood, A, Verbrugghe, and D W, Ma
Subjects: Blood Platelets, Male, Random Allocation, Dogs, Fish Oils, Aspirin, Platelet Aggregation, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Animals, Female, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Abstract: To compare haemostatic function in healthy dogs after treatment with low-dose aspirin alone, fish oil alone or a combination of these two therapies.Double-blinded randomised controlled clinical trial on 16 healthy client-owned dogs. Comprehensive haemostatic testing was performed at baseline and after 7 days of therapy with low-dose aspirin in all dogs. Following a 14-day washout, six dogs received fish oil, and nine dogs received combination therapy of aspirin plus fish oil; haemostatic testing was performed before and at 7 and 28 days after treatment initiation.Aspirin was associated with significantly decreased platelet function as measured by a collagen-epinephrine cartridge and inhibited arachidonic acid-induced whole-blood platelet aggregometry. Fish oil alone did not significantly affect any haemostatic tests. The combination of aspirin plus fish oil therapy caused a significantly greater inhibition of adenosine diphosphate and collagen-induced whole blood aggregometry compared to aspirin alone.Fish oil added to aspirin therapy appears to augment inhibition of some measures of platelet function in healthy dogs.
Published: 2016

6. Angiofibroma of the nasal cavity in 13 dogs

Author: Kristine Burgess, R. D. Wood, Eric M. Green, and Richard R. Dubielzig
Subjects: Male, Nasal cavity, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Radiography, Nose Neoplasms, Angiofibroma, Malignancy, Dogs, Wisconsin, Surgical oncology, medicine, Animals, Neoplasm, Dog Diseases, Schools, Veterinary, General Veterinary, business.industry, Rare entity, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Histopathology, Nasal Cavity, business
Abstract: This case series describes a rare entity, nasal angiofibroma, in 13 dogs that were presented to the University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine from 1988 to 2000. All dogs in this case series presented with clinical signs and radiographic changes that were strongly suggestive of a locally invasive neoplasm. However, histopathology completed on transnostral core biopsy samples revealed benign appearing vascular proliferation with secondary lymphosuppurative inflammation was established despite cytologic criteria of malignancy present in five dogs. On the basis of the outcomes in this case series, nasal angiofibroma should be considered a differential for dogs presenting with clinical signs consistent with a malignant nasal tumour.
Published: 2011

7. The Search for Reconnection and Helicity During Formation of a Bounded Spheromak

Author: J.M. Moller, Harry McLean, Carlos Romero-Talamas, E. B. Hooper, R. D. Wood, and L.L. LoDestro
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Amplitude, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Spheromak, Flux, Plasma, Helicity, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, Magnetic field, Pulse (physics), Computational physics
Abstract: Recent results from investigations using insertable magnetic probes at the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) [E. B. Hooper et al., Nucl. Fusion 39, 863 (1999)] are presented. Experiments were carried out during pre-programmed, constant amplitude coaxial gun current pulses, where magnetic field increases stepwise with every pulse, but eventually saturates. Magnetic traces from the probe, which is electrically isolated from the plasma and spans the flux conserver radius, indicate there is a time lag at every pulse between the response to the current rise in the open flux surfaces (intercepting the electrodes) and the closed flux surfaces (linked around the open ones). This is interpreted as the time to buildup enough helicity in the open flux surfaces before reconnecting and merging with the closed ones. Future experimental and diagnostic plans to directly estimate the helicity in the open flux surfaces and measure reconnection are briefly discussed.
Published: 2007

8. Magnetic Reconnection in the Spheromak: Physics and Consequences

Author: Carlos Romero-Talamas, R. D. Wood, E. B. Hooper, Carl Sovinec, D. N. Hill, L.L. LoDestro, Harry McLean, and Bruce I. Cohen
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Toroid, Spheromak, Field line, Magnetic confinement fusion, Magnetic reconnection, Fusion power, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, Computational physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Magnetohydrodynamics
Abstract: Magnetic reconnection in the spheromak changes magnetic topology by conversion of injected toroidal flux into poloidal flux and by magnetic surface closure (or opening) in a slowly decaying spheromak. Results from the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, SSPX, are compared with resistive MHD simulations using the NIMROD code. Voltage spikes on the SSPX gun during spheromak formation are interpreted as reconnection across a negative-current layer close to the mean-field x-point. Field lines are chaotic during these events, resulting in rapid electron energy loss to the walls and the low T e < 50 eV seen in experiment and simulation during strong helicity injection. Closure of flux sufaces (and high T e ) can occur between voltage spikes if they are sufficiently far apart in time; these topology changes are not reflected in the impedance of the axisymmetric gun. Possible future experimental scenarios in SSPX are examined in the presence of the constraints imposed by reconnection physics.
Published: 2007

9. Comparison Between Experimental Measurements and Numerical Simulations of Spheromak Formation in SSPX

Author: D. N. Hill, Harry McLean, J. M. Moller, E. B. Hooper, R. D. Wood, Bruce I. Cohen, and Carlos Romero-Talamas
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Spheromak, Flux, Magnetic reconnection, Radius, Magnetohydrodynamics, Fusion power, Magnetic flux, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, Computational physics
Abstract: Data from a recently installed insertable magnetic probe array in the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) [E. B. Hooper et al., Nucl. Fusion 39, 863 (1999)] is compared against NIMROD [C. R. Sovinec et al., J. Comp. Phys. 195, 355 (2004)], a full 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamic code that is used to simulate SSPX plasmas. The experiment probe consists of a linear array of chip inductors arranged in clusters that are spaced every 2 cm, and spans the entire machine radius at the flux conserver midplane. Both the experiment and the numerical simulations show the appearance, shortly after breakdown, of a column with a hollow current profile that precedes magnetic reconnection, a process essential to the formation of closed magnetic flux surfaces. However, there are differences between the experiment and the simulation in how the column evolves after it is formed. These differences are studied to help identify the mechanisms that eventually lead to closed-flux surfaces (azimuthally averaged) and flux amplification, which occur in both the experiment and the simulation.
Published: 2006

10. Comparison of deuterium and hydrogen experiments in the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment

Author: E. B. Hooper, Simon Woodruff, Harry McLean, Dmitri Ryutov, R. D. Wood, and D. N. Hill
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Hydrogen, Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Plasma, Thermal diffusivity, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, Impurity, General Materials Science, Atomic physics
Abstract: In this paper we report on the results of deuterium and hydrogen experiments in the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX). We have compared ∼500 deuterium discharges with similar discharges in hydrogen. Typically, we produce H 2 plasmas with peak toroidal currents in the range of 0.6 MA, electron temperatures ( T e ) of ∼200 eV and energy confinement times ( τ E ) of ∼200 μs. The D 2 fueled discharges show similar results to those with H 2 fueling with no obvious differences in confinement time. Electron temperatures of ∼200 eV with similar electron densities were observed. Both the deuterium and hydrogen fueled discharges have a calculated thermal diffusivity below χ e 2 /s. However, the D 2 fueled discharges had a factor of ∼5 increase in high- Z (titanium) impurity content suggesting an increase of physical sputtering. We find no significant mass scaling effects.
Published: 2005

11. Wall conditioning and power balance for spheromak plasmas in SSPX

Author: R.H. Bulmer, D. N. Hill, Simon Woodruff, Harry McLean, Dmitri Ryutov, R. D. Wood, and B. W. Stallard
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Glow discharge, Spheromak, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Fusion power, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, General Materials Science, Atomic physics, Coaxial, Helium
Abstract: We report here results from power balance measurements for ohmically heated plasmas in the sustained spheromak physics experiment. The plasma is formed inside a close-fitting tungsten-coated copper shell; wall conditioning by baking, glow discharge cleaning (GDC), Ti gettering, and helium shot conditioning produces clean plasmas (Z eff < 2.5) and reduces impurity radiation to a small fraction of the input energy, except when the molybdenum divertor plate has been overheated. We find that most of the input energy is lost by conduction to the walls (the divertor plate and the inner electrode in the coaxial source region). Recently, carborane was added during GDC to boronize the plasma-facing surfaces, but little benefit was obtained.
Published: 2003

12. A simple technique for controlling element distortion in dynamic relaxation form-finding of tension membranes

Author: R. D. Wood
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Truss, Structural engineering, Mechanics, Elasticity (physics), Mathematics::Numerical Analysis, Computer Science Applications, Computer Science::Graphics, Membrane, Structural load, Dynamic relaxation, Modeling and Simulation, Triangle mesh, General Materials Science, business, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: This paper discusses a simple technique for controlling mesh distortion during the form-finding of membranes when using dynamic relaxation. By simply introducing artificial truss members, that have viscosity but no elasticity, between nodes in a triangular mesh, forces can be generated that restrain the tendency of the mesh to distort. The result is a form-finding solution that prevents collapse of elements and maintains a mesh density that is suitable for subsequent live load analysis.
Published: 2002

13. Large-amplitude electron density and H$\alpha$ fluctuations in the sustained spheromak physics experiment

Author: Harry McLean, R. D. Wood, D. N. Hill, Zhehui Wang, Simon Woodruff, Cris W. Barnes, G. A. Wurden, and E. B. Hooper
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Amplitude, Toroid, Spheromak, Physics::Plasma Physics, Magnetic confinement fusion, Magnetohydrodynamics, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic flux, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment
Abstract: New types of toroidally rotating fluctuations (toroidal mode numbers n = 1 and n = 2) of line-integrated electron density and Hα emission, with frequencies ranging from 10 to 100 kHz, are observed in the sustained spheromak physics experiment (SSPX). The rotating directions of these fluctuations are the same as the direction determined by E×B, while the E and B directions are determined by the gun voltage and gun magnetic flux polarities, respectively. These results take advantage of one distinctive signature of spheromaks, i.e. it is possible to observe toroidal MHD activity during decay and sustainment at any toroidal angle. A theoretical constraint on line-integrated measurement is proposed and is found to be consistent with experimental observations. Fluctuation analysis in the time and frequency domains indicates that the observed density and Hα fluctuations correlate with magnetic modes. Observation of Hα fluctuations correlating with magnetic fluctuations indicates that, at least in some cases, MHD n = 1 modes are due to the so-called `dough-hook' current paths that connect the coaxial gun to the flux conserver, rather than internal kink instabilities. These results also show that electron density and Hα emission diagnostics complement other tools for spheromak mode study.
Published: 2002

14. Particle control in the sustained spheromak physics experiment

Author: R. D. Wood, Dean A. Buchenauer, Harry McLean, D. N. Hill, Zhehui Wang, G. A. Wurden, S. Woodruff, and E. B. Hooper
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Glow discharge, Toroid, Spheromak, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Fusion power, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, General Materials Science, Coaxial, Atomic physics, Helium
Abstract: In this paper we report on density and impurity measurements in the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) which has recently started operation. The SSPX spheromak plasma is sustained by coaxial helicity injection for a duration of 2msec with peak toroidal currents of up to 0.5MA. The plasma-facing components consist of tungsten-coated copper to minimize sputtering. The surfaces are conditioned by a combination of baking at 150 C, glow discharge cleaning, Titanium gettering, and pulse-discharge cleaning with helium plasmas. In this way we can achieve density control so that the plasma density ({approx} 1-4 x 10{sup 20}m{sup -3}) matches the gas input. Low-density operation is presently limited by breakdown requirements, but we hope that new gas valves with supersonic nozzles will allow for a further reduction in density. We find that the conditioning reduces the impurity radiation to the point where it is no longer important to the energy balance, and long-lived spheromak plasmas are obtained (decay times of 1.5msec).
Published: 2001

15. Characterization and conditioning of SSPX plasma facing surfaces

Author: R. D. Wood, Donald F. Cowgill, D. N. Hill, B.E. Mills, N.Y. Yang, E. B. Hooper, M.W. Clift, Dean A. Buchenauer, and Simon Woodruff
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Glow discharge, Tokamak, Spheromak, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Tungsten, Fusion power, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, law, Sputtering, General Materials Science, Atomic physics
Abstract: The Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) will examine the confinement properties of spheromak plasmas sustained by DC helicity injection. Understanding the plasma-surface interactions is an important component of the experimental program since the spheromak plasma is in close contact with a stabilizing wall (flux conserver) and is maintained by a high current discharge in the coaxial injector region. Peak electron temperatures in the range of 400 eV are expected, so the copper plasma facing surfaces in SSPX have been coated with tungsten to minimize sputtering and plasma contamination. Here, we report on the characterization and conditioning of these surfaces used for the initial studies of spheromak formation in SSPX. The high pressure plasma-sprayed tungsten facing the SSPX plasma was characterized in situ using β-backscattering and ex situ using laboratory measurements on similarly prepared samples. Measurements showed that water can be desorbed effectively through baking while the removal rates of volatile impurity gases during glow discharge and shot conditioning indicated a large source of carbon and oxygen in the porous coating.
Published: 2001

16. Plasma diagnostics for the sustained spheromak physics experiment

Author: Calvin Domier, Dean A. Buchenauer, Harry McLean, Y. Roh, D. N. Hill, D.J. Den Hartog, Simon Woodruff, B. W. Stallard, R. D. Wood, Edward C. Morse, E. B. Hooper, C. T. Holcomb, Zhehui Wang, G. A. Wurden, Masayoshi Nagata, and A. Ahmed
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Spectrometer, business.industry, Thomson scattering, Plasma, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, Photodiode, law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, law, Plasma diagnostics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: In this article we present an overview of the plasma diagnostics operating or planned for the sustained spheromak physics experiment device now operating at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. A set of 46 wall-mounted magnetic probes provide the essential data necessary for magnetic reconstruction of the Taylor relaxed state. Rogowski coils measure currents induced in the flux conserver. A CO2 laser interferometer is used to measure electron line density. Spectroscopic measurements include an absolutely-calibrated spectrometer recording extended domain spectrometer for obtaining time-integrated visible ultraviolet spectra and two time-resolved vacuum monochrometers for studying the time evolution of two separate emission lines. Another time-integrated spectrometer records spectra in the visible range. Filtered silicon photodiode bolometers provide total power measurements, and a 16 channel photodiode spatial array gives radial emission profiles. Two-dimensional imaging of the plasma and helicity injec...
Published: 2001

17. Radiative divertor and scrape-off layer experiments in open and baffled divertors on DIII-D

Author: W.H. Meyer, P.K. Mioduszewski, R.A. Moyer, Max E. Fenstermacher, D. G. Nilson, J.A. Boedo, G.D. Porter, Jeffrey N. Brooks, Operations Teams, Daniel Thomas, G. M. Staebler, R. Lehmer, J. Smith, William R. Wampler, R.D. Stambaugh, R.C. Isler, Robert Bastasz, M. R. Wade, R. D. Wood, J.T. Hogan, J.G. Watkins, Rajesh Maingi, T.E. Evans, T.W. Petrie, Dennis Whyte, J.W. Cuthbertson, D. L. Hillis, C.J. Lasnier, C.P.C. Wong, A.W. Leonard, T.C. Jernigan, G.L. Jackson, N. S. Wolf, N.H. Brooks, Larry W Owen, S.L. Allen, M.J. Schaffer, M.A. Mahdavi, D. N. Hill, M.E. Rensink, A.W. Hyatt, Diii-D Physics, and W.P. West
Subjects: Convection, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Argon, DIII-D, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Heat flux, chemistry, Ionization, Atomic physics
Abstract: Recent progress towards an increased understanding of the physical processes in the divertor and scrape-off layer (SOL) plasmas in DIII-D has been made possible by a combination of new diagnostics, improved computational models and changes in divertor geometry. The work focused primarily on ELMing H mode discharges. The physics of partially detached divertor plasmas, with divertor heat flux reduction by divertor radiation enhancement using D2 puffing, was studied in two dimensions, and a model of the heat and particle transport was developed that includes conduction, convection, ionization, recombination and flows. Plasma and impurity particle flows were measured with Mach probes and spectroscopy and compared with the UEDGE model. The model now includes self-consistent calculations of carbon impurities. Impurity radiation was increased in the divertor and SOL with `puff and pump' techniques using SOL D2 puffing, divertor cryopumping and argon puffing. The important physical processes in plasma-wall interactions were examined with a DiMES (divertor material evaluation system) probe, plasma characterization near the divertor plate and the REDEP code. Experiments comparing single null plasma operation in baffled and open divertors demonstrated a change in the edge plasma profiles. These results are consistent with a reduction in the core ionization source calculated with UEDGE. Divertor particle control in ELMing H mode with pumping and baffling resulted in a reduction in H mode core densities to ne/nGr ≈ 0.25 (with nGr the Greenwald density). Divertor particle exhaust and heat flux were studied as the plasma shape was varied from a lower single null to a balanced double null, and finally to an upper single null.
Published: 1999

18. Studies of high-δ (baffled) and low-δ (open) pumped divertor operation on DIII-D

Author: R. D. Wood, A.S. Bozek, T.W. Petrie, R. Ellis, Anthony Leonard, R.D. Stambaugh, D. G. Nilson, Daniel Thomas, M. R. Wade, M.A. Hollerbach, G.D. Porter, J.G. Watkins, D. N. Hill, D. G. Whyte, M.J. Schaffer, C. M. Greenfield, C.J. Lasnier, M.A. Mahdavi, S.L. Allen, W.P. West, J. Smith, A.W. Hyatt, Rajesh Maingi, and Max E. Fenstermacher
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, DIII-D, Core electron, Chemistry, Divertor, Ionization, Radiative transfer, General Materials Science, Plasma, Cryopump, Atomic physics
Abstract: We report new experimental results with the Radiative Divertor Project-outer baCe (RDP-OB) and cryopump in both upper single-null (USN) and double-null (DN) ELMing H-mode discharges. The baCed divertor reduced the core ionization (2‐2.5·), in reasonable agreement with predictions from UEDGE/DEGAS modeling (3.75·). The upper cryopump achieved density control of ne/ngw 0.22 (line density/Greenwald density) with Zeff 2 in high-d plasmas. The measured exhaust is comparable to the lower pump, except at lower core electron densities (ne < 5 · 10 19 m ˇ3 ). EAcient impurity exhaust was obtained with deuterium SOL flow. Preliminary experiments with DN operation has shown that the particle exhaust to the upper pump depends on the up/down magnetic balance. Preliminary experiments indicate that the DN exhaust is roughly 40‐50% of the USN exhaust at ne 4 · 10 19 m ˇ3 . ” 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 1999

19. Carbon influx in He and D plasmas in DIII-D

Author: R. D. Wood, C.J. Lasnier, W.P. West, A. T. Ramsey, G.L. Jackson, M.E. Fenstermacher, N.H. Brooks, M. R. Wade, R.C. Isler, and Dennis Whyte
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Fusion power, law.invention, Ion, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, law, General Materials Science, Atomic physics, Carbon, Helium
Abstract: Differences in the carbon behavior between He and D plasmas during VH-mode, L-mode and L-mode with excess gas puffing are reported and inferences on the importance of the various carbon sources during these modes of operation are discussed. During a VH-mode phase, VUV and visible charge exchange spectroscopy indicates that for both He and D operation the carbon behavior is very similar. In the edge plasma, carbon build up is quite rapid, and the carbon influx represents a large fraction of the total plasma density increase until the termination of the VH phase. During cold divertor operation induced by puffing the primary fueling gas, D and He discharges show a difference in the carbon behavior. The core carbon density is seen to be approximately constant during a D discharge as it transitions from an attached to a cold divertor. However in a He discharge, the core carbon density disappears soon after the cold divertor transition. Arguments are made that the primary carbon source in the ELM free H-mode period is physical sputtering by ion impact at the divertor strike point. In L-mode, both attached and cold divertor, the primary source is from the divertor region and two possibilities for this source are chemical sputtering or charge exchange neutral sputtering. Existing data supports charge exchange neutrals as dominant.
Published: 1999

20. Impurity enrichment and radiative enhancement using induced SOL flow in DIII-D

Author: W.P. West, S.L. Allen, T.H. Osborne, C.J. Lasnier, R.C. Isler, R.A. Moyer, J.A. Boedo, R. D. Wood, R. Lehmer, D.G. Whyte, A.W. Leonard, M.A. Mahdavi, M.E. Fenstermacher, R. Maingi, G.L. Jackson, J.T. Hogan, R.D. Stambaugh, M.J. Schaffer, N.H. Brooks, D. N. Hill, T.W. Petrie, M. R. Wade, and J.G. Watkins
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Argon, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Fusion power, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, chemistry, Physics::Plasma Physics, Impurity, Radiative transfer, General Materials Science, Atomic number, Atomic physics
Abstract: Experiments on DIII-D have demonstrated the efficacy of using induced scrape-off-layer (SOL) flow to preferentially enrich impurities in the divertor plasma. This SOL flow is produced through simultaneous deuterium gas injection at the midplane and divertor exhaust. Using this SOL flow, an improvement in enrichment (defined as the ratio of impurity fraction in the divertor to that in the plasma core) has been observed for all impurities in trace-level experiments (i.e., impurity level is non-perturbative), with the degree of improvement increasing with impurity atomic number. In the case of argon, exhaust gas enrichment using modest SOL flow is as high as 17. Using this induced SOL flow technique and argon injection, radiative plasmas have been produced that combine high radiation losses ( P rad / P input > 70%), low core fuel dilution ( Z eff τ E > 1.0 τ E,ITER93H ).
Published: 1999

21. Evolution of 2D deuterium and impurity radiation profiles during transitions from attached to detached divertor operation in DIII-D

Author: R.C. Isler, R. D. Wood, Dennis Whyte, S.L. Allen, D. N. Hill, C.J. Lasnier, W.P. West, M.E. Fenstermacher, G. D. Porter, T.W. Petrie, and Anthony Leonard
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, DIII-D, Chemistry, Ionization, Divertor, Flux, General Materials Science, Radiation, Fusion power, Atomic physics, Collisional excitation
Abstract: This paper presents the detailed evolution of conditions along both the inner and outer divertor legs during the transition from attached ELMing H-mode to partially detached divertor (PDD) operation in DIII-D. Visible emission profiles in a poloidal plane show that in ELMing H-mode prior to deuterium gas injection, CIII emission peaks in the inner SOL near the X-point and deuterium emission (from ionization and recombination) peaks at the inner target plate near the inner strike point (ISP). The spatial profiles of the recombination and ionization zones, determined by forming images of the ratio of intensities from simultaneous images of D α and D γ emission, show that recombination dominates the inner leg emission near the target; ionization dominates in a poloidally narrow zone upstream in the inner leg. After deuterium injection, when the PDD transition begins, the profiles of carbon visible emission show first an increase in the inner SOL near the X-point, followed by increases in emission in the lower regions of the outer leg. Deuterium emission at the transition onset decreases at the ISP and increases across the private flux region below the X-point. As the transition to PDD conditions proceeds the deuterium emission increases in the private flux region; recombination dominates near the floor and ionization higher near the X-point. Carbon emission appears along both divertor legs and at the X-point. In the final quasi-steady PDD state, the recombination emission in the outer leg is near the separatrix and along the target plate; emission from collisional excitation dominates in the upper part of the outer leg just below the X-point, and carbon emission is localized at the X-point. These results suggest that transport of neutral deuterium between the inner and outer divertor legs through the private flux region plays an important role in the initiation of outer leg detachment in DIII-D.
Published: 1999

22. Physics of the detached radiative divertor regime in DIII-D

Author: Rajesh Maingi, Dennis Whyte, Max E. Fenstermacher, G.D. Porter, R.C. Isler, R.D. Stambaugh, M.J. Schaffer, S.L. Allen, C.J. Lasnier, R.J. Colchin, R.A. Moyer, J.A. Boedo, Anthony Leonard, M. R. Wade, Todd Evans, W.P. West, D. N. Hill, J.G. Watkins, R. Lehmer, M.A. Mahdavi, R. D. Wood, N. S. Wolf, T.W. Petrie, N.H. Brooks, and T.D. Rognlien
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, DIII-D, Heat flux, Physics::Plasma Physics, Ionization, Divertor, Radiative transfer, Energy flux, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Radiation zone, Ion source
Abstract: This paper summarizes results from a two-dimensional (2D) physics analysis of the transition to and stable operation of the partially detached divertor (PDD) regime induced by deuterium injection in DIII-D. The analysis [1] shows that PDD operation is characterized by a radiation zone near the X-point at -15 eV which reduces the energy flux into the divertor and thereby also reduces the target plate heat flux, an ionization zone below the X-point which provides a deuterium ion source to fuel parallel flow down the outer divertor leg, an ion-neutral interaction zone in the outer leg which removes momentum and energy from the flow and finally a volume recombination zone above the target plate which reduces the particle flux to the low levels measured on the plates and thereby also contributes to reduction in target plate heat flux.
Published: 1999

23. Impurity enrichment studies with induced scrape-off layer flow on DIII-D

Author: N.H. Brooks, J.T. Hogan, M.J. Schaffer, D. N. Hill, R. D. Wood, M. R. Wade, J.G. Watkins, W.P. West, S.L. Allen, Rajesh Maingi, and Dennis Whyte
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Cryopump, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Neon, chemistry, law, Impurity, Particle, Atomic physics, Helium
Abstract: A series of controlled experiments has been carried out in DIII-D to induce a bulk ion flow in the SOL and evaluate its effect on the localization of impurities in the divertor. This induced SOL flow was created by simultaneous deuterium puffing and divertor exhaust using a divertor cryopump, and the impurity enrichment was measured directly. The experiments were designed to compare enrichment in discharges with and without induced flow having otherwise similiar divertor parameters. Significant increases in impurity compression and enrichment are observed when flow is induced, and the degree of impurity enrichment in the divertor is found to be dependent on the impurity of interest. Detailed particle measurements made possible by the direct measurement of impurity densities in several reservoirs indicate reasonable particle balance for helium throughout the duration of the discharge. Conversely, while the total input of neon is balanced by the total exhaust by the end of a discharge, particle balance is not observed during the course of the discharge. A significant wall inventory with a short release time (~10 ms) is surmised.
Published: 1998

24. Measurement and verification ofzeffradial profiles using charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on DIII-D

Author: D.P. Schissel, K. H. Burrell, R. D. Wood, P. Monier-Garbet, M. R. Wade, W.P. West, B. W. Rice, Dennis Whyte, and D.F. Finkenthal
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Materials science, Bremsstrahlung, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Ion, Neon, chemistry, Excited state, Radiative transfer, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Charge exchange recombination (CER) spectroscopy in the visible spectrum is used to measure the radial ion density distribution of impurities in the core plasma of DIII-D. The radial profile of the effective ionic charge, Zeff(r), is subsequently calculated from the impurity densities and the electron density of the plasma. The CER measured radial distributions rely on a calculated neutral beam attenuation radial profile, which is confirmed by independent measurement. This technique, which determines the deuterium density of the neutral beam by coupling measured beam Dα emissions with a time dependent collisional radiative calculation, will be described. The CER derived absolute density/concentrations of carbon are verified by comparisons with the spectrometrically measured visible bremsstrahlung emission of the core plasma, which is proportional to Zeff. Conversely, the seeded neon concentration is overestimated by a factor of 1.7 by CER. This correction is shown to be caused by the enhanced direct capture into the upper level of the measured visible neon transition (Ne X n = 11 to 10, 5249 A) from excited (n = 2) beam atoms. Owing to several problems, including line radiation contamination of the spectral region of the diagnostic, the standard Zeff(r) derived from inversion of line integrated visible bremsstrahlung emissions does not provide reliable profiles, but rather a measure of the average impurity content. The Zeff profiles are found to vary considerably in shape and magnitude over different operational regimes, confirming the need for accurate profiles.
Published: 1998

25. Signatures of deuterium recombination in the DIII-D divertor

Author: N.H. Brooks, M.E. Fenstermacher, R. D. Wood, R.C. Isler, G.R. McKee, and W.P. West
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Physics, Tokamak, Thomson scattering, Divertor, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Deuterium, law, Atom, Nuclear fusion, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Collisional excitation
Abstract: Thomson scattering measurements performed in the divertor of the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] during detached operation show that the electron temperatures are typically between 0.8 and 2.0 eV throughout a region which may extend several centimeters above the target plate. At such low temperatures the excitation of recycling deuterium atoms or impurities should be weak. Nevertheless, significant radiation is frequently detected in these locations. It has been suggested that recombination processes, which become important only below about 1.5 eV for deuterium, are responsible for the observed emission. This hypothesis has been investigated by comparing ratios of deuterium lines from attached and detached plasmas with theoretical ratios expected for ionizing or recombining conditions. The analysis of several discharges indicates that the mechanism for production of the emission changes from being collisional excitation of atomic deuterium to a mixture of collisional-radiative recombination and collisional excitation as plasmas evolve from attached to detached states. Localization of D-α emission to low-temperature regions using tangentially viewing camera data together with Thomson scattering results and measurements of deuterium atom temperatures are consistent with these conclusions.
Published: 1997

26. Divertor plasma studies on DIII-D: experiment and modelling

Author: M.J. Schaffer, Anthony Leonard, N.H. Brooks, D. G. Nilson, A.W. Hyatt, Charles Lasnier, M. R. Wade, R. D. Wood, J.G. Watkins, G.D. Porter, S. Tugarinov, W.H. Meyer, T.W. Petrie, D. N. Hill, M.A. Mahdavi, Dean A. Buchenauer, Daniel Thomas, R.D. Stambaugh, Terry Rhodes, R.A. Jong, G. R. McKee, S.L. Allen, W. P. West, E. J. Doyle, R.A. Moyer, C. Christopher Klepper, G.L. Jackson, J.W. Cuthbertson, T. N. Carlstrom, R.C. Isler, Todd Evans, Max E. Fenstermacher, Rajesh Maingi, and Dennis Whyte
Subjects: Materials science, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, Plasma, Mechanics, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Impurity, law, Physics::Space Physics, Radiative transfer, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics
Abstract: In a magnetically diverted tokamak, the scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor plasma separates the first wall from the core plasma, intercepting impurities generated at the wall before they reach the core plasma. The divertor plasma can also serve to spread the heat and particle flux over a large area of divertor structure wall using impurity radiation and neutral charge exchange, thus reducing peak heat and particle fluxes at the divertor strike plate. Such a reduction will be required in the next generation of tokamaks, for without it the divertor engineering requirements are very demanding. To successfully demonstrate a radiative divertor, a highly radiative condition with significant volume recombination must be achieved in the divertor, while maintaining a low impurity content in the core plasma. Divertor plasma properties are determined by a complex interaction of classical parallel transport, anomalous perpendicular transport, impurity transport and radiation, and plasma - wall interaction. In this paper we will describe a set of experiments on DIII-D designed to provide detailed two-dimensional documentation of the divertor and SOL plasma. Measurements have been made in operating modes where the plasma is attached to the divertor strike plate and in highly radiating cases where the plasma is detached from the divertor strike plate. We will also discuss the results of experiments designed to influence the distribution of impurities in the plasma using enhanced SOL plasma flow. Extensive modelling efforts will be described which are successfully reproducing attached plasma conditions and are helping to elucidate the important plasma and atomic physics involved in the detachment process.
Published: 1997

27. Investigation of physical processes limiting plasma density in high confinement mode discharges on DIII-D

Author: Masakatsu Murakami, R. T. Snider, R. D. Wood, M.A. Mahdavi, A.W. Leonard, W.P. West, A.W. Hyatt, R.J. La Haye, M. R. Wade, J.G. Watkins, R. Maingi, R.D. Stambaugh, T.W. Petrie, T.C. Jernigan, J.W. Cuthbertson, Dennis Whyte, and Larry R. Baylor
Subjects: High-confinement mode, Physics, Tokamak, DIII-D, law, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Condensed Matter Physics, Radiation zone, law.invention
Abstract: A series of experiments was conducted on the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] to investigate the physical processes which limit density in high confinement mode (H-mode) discharges. The typical H-mode to low confinement mode (L-mode) transition limit at high density near the empirical Greenwald density limit [M. Greenwald et al., Nucl. Fusion 28, 2199 (1988)] was avoided by divertor pumping, which reduced divertor neutral pressure and prevented formation of a high density, intense radiation zone (MARFE) near the X-point. It was determined that the density decay time after pellet injection was independent of density relative to the Greenwald limit and increased nonlinearly with the plasma current. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in pellet-fueled plasmas was observed at all power levels, and often caused unacceptable confinement degradation, except when the neutral beam injected (NBI) power was ⩽3 MW. Formation of MARFEs on closed field lines was avoided with lo...
Published: 1997

28. The two-dimensional structure of radiative divertor plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak

Author: R.A. Moyer, C. Christopher Klepper, S. Tugarinov, R. D. Wood, T.W. Petrie, A.W. Hyatt, T. L. Rhodes, R. Jong, T. N. Carlstrom, S.L. Allen, R. Maingi, Dean A. Buchenauer, M.E. Fenstermacher, R. A. James, N.H. Brooks, T.E. Evans, Daniel Thomas, R.C. Isler, M. R. Wade, W.P. West, P.-M. Garbet, E. J. Doyle, J.G. Watkins, A.W. Leonard, J.W. Cuthbertson, D. N. Hill, R.D. Stambaugh, M.A. Mahdavi, M.J. Schaffer, Dennis Whyte, G.D. Porter, G.L. Jackson, C.J. Lasnier, W.H. Meyer, D. G. Nilson, and R. W. Harvey
Subjects: Physics, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics
Abstract: Recent measurements of the two-dimensional (2-D) spatial profiles of divertor plasma density, temperature, and emissivity in the DIII-D tokamak [J. Luxon et al., in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), p. 159] under highly radiating conditions are presented. Data are obtained using a divertor Thomson scattering system and other diagnostics optimized for measuring the high electron densities and low temperatures in these detached divertor plasmas (ne⩽1021 m−3, 0.5 eV⩽Te). D2 gas injection in the divertor increases the plasma radiation and lowers Te to less than 2 eV in most of the divertor volume. Modeling shows that this temperature is low enough to allow ion–neutral collisions, charge exchange, and volume recombination to play significant roles in reducing the plasma pressure along the magnetic separatrix by a factor of 3–5, consistent with the measurements. Absolutely calibrated vacuum ultravi...
Published: 1997

29. Characterization of wall conditions in DIII-D

Author: R. L. Lee, Dennis Whyte, K.L. Holtrop, G.L. Jackson, R. D. Wood, W. P. West, and A.G. Kellman
Subjects: Tokamak, DIII-D, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, Chemical vapor deposition, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, law.invention, High-confinement mode, law, Phase (matter), Boron, Carbon
Abstract: Wall conditioning in DIII-D is one of the most important factors in achieving reproducible high confinement discharges. For example, the very high confinement mode (VH-mode) was only discovered after boronization, a chemical vapor deposition technique to deposit a thin boron film over the entire surface of the tokamak. In order to evaluate wall conditions and provide a data base to correlate these wall conditions with tokamak discharge performance, a series of nominally identical reference VH-mode discharges (1.6 MA, 2.1 T, double null diverted) were taken at various times during a series of experimental campaigns with evolving wall conditions. These reference discharges have allowed a quantitative determination of how the wall conditions have evolved. For instance, core carbon and oxygen levels in the VH-mode phase remained at historically low levels during the 1995 run year and there was also a steady decrease in the oxygen levels at plasma initiation during this period. We will discuss the long term ch...
Published: 1997

30. First measurements of electron temperature and density with divertor Thomson scattering in radiative divertor discharges on DIII-D

Author: R. D. Wood, T. N. Carlstrom, M. D. Brown, T.W. Petrie, D. N. Hill, G.D. Porter, M.E. Fenstermacher, Dmitri Ryutov, M. R. Wade, R. Maingi, W.P. West, S.L. Allen, R. E. Stockdale, W. M. Nevins, Ronald H. Cohen, C. L. Hsieh, A.W. Leonard, D. G. Nilson, and C.J. Lasnier
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, DIII-D, Chemistry, Thomson scattering, Divertor, Radiative transfer, Electron temperature, General Materials Science, Plasma diagnostics, Electron, Atomic physics
Abstract: We have obtained the first measurements of n{sub e} and T{sub e} in the DIII-D divertor region with a multi-pulse (20 Hz) Divertor Thomson Scattering (DTS) system. Eight measurement locations are distributed vertically up to 21 cm above the divertor plate. Two-dimensional distributions have been obtained by sweeping the divertor plasma across the DTS measurement location. Several operating modes have been studied, including ohmic, L-mode, Elming H-mode, and Radiative Divertor operation with puffing of D{sub 2} and impurities. Mapping of the data to either the (L{sub pol}, {phi}) or (R, Z) planes with the EFIT equilibrium is used to analyze the 2D profiles. We find that in ELMing H-mode: n{sub e}, T{sub e}, and P{sub e} are relatively constant along field lines from the X-point to the divertor plate, especially near the separatrix field line. With D{sub 2} puffing, the DTS profiles indicate that T{sub e} in a large part of divertor region below the X-point is dramatically reduced from {approximately}30-40 eV in ELMing H-mode to 1-2 eV. This results in a fairly uniform low-T{sub e} divertor, with an increased electron density in the range of 2 to 4 x 10{sup 20} m{sup -3}. Detailed comparisons of the spatial profiles of n{sub e}, T{sub e}, and electron pressure P{sub e}, are presented for several operating modes. In addition, these data are compared with initial calculations from the UEDGE fluid code.
Published: 1997

31. Direct measurement of divertor exhaust neon enrichment in DIII-D

Author: W.P. West, Dennis Whyte, R. D. Wood, M.A. Mahdavi, P. Monier-Garbet, M.J. Schaffer, M. R. Wade, and R. Maingi
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Exhaust gas, Plasma, law.invention, Neon, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Deuterium, Impurity, law, General Materials Science, Atomic physics
Abstract: We report first direct measurements of divertor exhaust gas impurity enrichment, {eta}{sub exh}=(exhaust impurity concentration){divided_by}(core impurity concentration), for both unpumped and D{sub 2} puff-with-divertor-pump conditions. The experiment was performed with neutral beam heated, ELMing H-mode, single-null diverted deuterium plasmas with matched core and exhaust parameters in the DIII-D tokamak. Neon gas impurity was puffed into the divertor. Neon density was measured in the exhaust by a specially modified Penning gauge and in the core by absolute charge exchange recombination spectroscopy. Neon particle accounting indicates that much of the puffed neon entered a temporary unmeasured reservoir, inferred to be the graphite divertor target, which makes direct measurements necessary to calculate divertor enrichments. D{sub 2} puff into the SOL (scrape-off layer) with pumping increased {eta}{sub exh} threefold over either unpumped conditions or D{sub 2} puff directly into the divertor with pumping. These results show that SOL flow plays an important role in divertor exhaust impurity enrichment.
Published: 1997

32. Stability of a radiative mantle in ITER

Author: G. M. Staebler, W.P. West, Dennis Whyte, R. D. Wood, and M. Ali Mahdavi
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Argon, Radiative cooling, Chemistry, Divertor, Krypton, Bremsstrahlung, chemistry.chemical_element, Mantle (geology), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Heat transfer, Radiative transfer, General Materials Science, Atomic physics
Abstract: We report results of a study to evaluate the efficacy of various impurities for heat dispersal by a radiative mantle and radiative divertor(including SOL). We have derived a stability criterion for the mantle radiation which favors low Z impurities and low ratios of edge to core thermal conductivities. Since on the other hand the relative strength of boundary line radiation to core bremsstrahlung favors high Z impurities, we find that for the ITER physics phase argon is the best gaseous impurity for mantle radiation. For the engineering phase of ITER, more detailed analysis is needed to select between krypton and argon.
Published: 1997

33. Impurity feedback control for enhanced divertor and edge radiation in DIII-D discharges

Author: Todd Evans, W.P. West, Anthony Leonard, R. D. Wood, T.W. Petrie, J.R. Ferron, Dennis Whyte, R. Maingi, M.J. Schaffer, G.L. Jackson, S.L. Allen, G. M. Staebler, and N.H. Brooks
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, DIII-D, Chemistry, Divertor, Cryopump, Effective radiated power, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Heat flux, Physics::Plasma Physics, Impurity, Fusion ignition, law, General Materials Science, Atomic physics
Abstract: Long pulse and steady state fusion ignition devices will require a significant radiated power fraction to minimize heat flux to, and sputtering of, the first wall. While impurity gases have been proposed to enhance radiation, precise control of impurity gas injection is essential to achieve an adequate radiative power fraction while maintaining good energy confinement and low central impurity concentration. We report here the first experiments in the DIII-D tokamak using feedback control of the rate of impurity gas injection. These experiments were carried out with active divertor pumping using the in-situ DIII-D cryopump. The radiated power fraction was controlled by sensing either UN edge line radiation (Ne{sup +7}) or mantle radiation from selected bolometer channels and using the DIII-D digital plasma control system to calculate radiated power real-time and generate an error signal to control an impurity gas injector valve.
Published: 1997

34. Higher fusion power gain with profile control in DIII-D tokamak plasmas

Author: M. Murakami, H.E. St. John, R. D. Wood, K. H. Burrell, C L Hsieh, B. W. Rice, R.L. Miller, J.R. Ferron, T.A. Casper, E. J. Strait, R. J. Groebner, J.C. DeBoo, M. R. Wade, C.C. Petty, C.J. Lanier, D.G. Whye, R.M. Hong, R.D. Durst, William Heidbrink, P. Gohil, T. S. Taylor, Gerald Navratil, Rajesh Maingi, R.D. Stambaugh, P.L. Taylor, Daniel Thomas, L.J. Perkins, Tom Osborne, A.W. Hyatt, Cary Forest, R. E. Stockdale, J.M. Lohr, C. M. Greenfield, Alan Turnbull, B. W. Stallard, T.L. Rhodes, D.R. Baker, Max E Austin, E. J. Doyle, J.S. Kim, G.L. Jackson, Anthony Leonard, R. T. Snider, A.W. Howald, D.P. Schissel, Curtis L. Rettig, L.L. Lao, R.J. La Haye, S.A. Sabbagh, E. A. Lazarus, and J. T. Scoville
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Fusion energy gain factor, DIII-D, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Magnetic field, Deuterium, law, Atomic physics
Abstract: Strong shaping, favourable for stability and improved energy confinement, together with a significant expansion of the central region of improved confinement in negative central magnetic shear target plasmas, increased the maximum fusion power produced in DIII-D by a factor of 3. Using deuterium plasmas, the highest fusion power gain, the ratio of fusion power to input power, Q, was 0.0015, corresponding to an equivalent Q of 0.32 in a deuterium-tritium plasma, which is similar to values achieved in tokamaks of larger size and magnetic field. A simple transformation relating Q to the stability parameters is presented
Published: 1997

35. Very high‐ and high‐confinement mode limited discharges in DIII‐D

Author: A.W. Hyatt, R. D. Wood, E. J. Strait, D. N. Hill, Dennis Whyte, T. S. Taylor, C.J. Lasnier, T.H. Osborne, J. Kim, A.W. Leonard, K. H. Burrell, G.L. Jackson, and C. M. Greenfield
Subjects: Physics, High-confinement mode, Heat flux, DIII-D, Fusion ignition, Limiter, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Scaling
Abstract: The first observations of marginally limited very high confinement mode (VH‐mode) discharges have been achieved in DIII‐D [Nucl. Fusion Special Supplement: World Survey of Activities in Controlled Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1990)] with significant reductions in peak heat flux conducted to plasma facing surfaces. In addition, quasistationary well limited high confinement‐mode (H‐mode) discharges have been obtained in DIII‐D, also with reduced peak heat flux. This demonstration of reduced peak heat flux while maintaining high performance, i.e., high energy confinement time, can be important for the design of fusion ignition devices. Energy confinement enhancements in these high triangularity discharges are comparable to diverted discharges with similar parameters: τE/τITER‐89P=2.9 for VH‐mode and τE/τITER‐89P=1.8 for quasistationary high confinement mode (H mode), where τITER‐89P is the empirically derived low confinement mode (L‐mode) energy confinement scaling relation [N...
Published: 1996

36. Impurity reduction during 'puff and pump' experiments on DIII-D

Author: S.I. Lippmann, N.H. Brooks, J. Kim, M.J. Schaffer, M.A. Mahdavi, R. D. Wood, Dennis Whyte, R. Maingi, and J.W. Cuthbertson
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Steady state, Argon, DIII-D, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Effective radiated power, Condensed Matter Physics, Deuterium, chemistry, Impurity, Atomic physics, Edge-localized mode
Abstract: Results are presented from an experiment in which a large amount of deuterium gas was continuously puffed at the scrape-off layer and exhausted from the DIII-D pump divertor ('puff and pump' technique). The experiments were conducted with a single null divertor configuration during edge localized mode (ELM)ing H mode. Steady state density conditions were attained during the strong deuterium puff. The deuterium puff reduced the central plasma density of argon, puffed continuously as a trace impurity, by as much as a factor of 20, and the central argon radiated power density by as much as a factor of 10
Published: 1995

37. Improving a high-efficiency, gated spectrometer for x-ray Thomson scattering experiments at the National Ignition Facility

Author: R. D. Wood, Otto Landen, A. L. Kritcher, Luke Fletcher, Alison Saunders, B. Bachmann, Tammy Ma, M. Hardy, Dominik Kraus, Roger Falcone, Paul Neumayer, Tilo Döppner, J. Emig, and Daniel H. Kalantar
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Spectrometer, business.industry, Thomson scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Implosion, Photon energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Crystal, Engineering, Optics, Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, business, National Ignition Facility, Instrumentation, Applied Physics
Abstract: © 2016 Author(s). We are developing x-ray Thomson scattering for applications in implosion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. In particular we have designed and fielded MACS, a high-efficiency, gated x-ray spectrometer at 7.5-10 keV [T. Döppner et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 11D617 (2014)]. Here we report on two new Bragg crystals based on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG), a flat crystal and a dual-section cylindrically curved crystal. We have performed in situ calibration measurements using a brass foil target, and we used the flat HOPG crystal to measure Mo K-shell emission at 18 keV in 2nd order diffraction. Such high photon energy line emission will be required to penetrate and probe ultra-high-density plasmas or plasmas of mid-Z elements.
Published: 2016

38. Development of a radiative divertor for DIII-D

Author: D. A. Knoll, S.I. Lippmann, G.D. Porter, M.A. Mahdavi, E. A. Lazarus, Rajesh Maingi, S.L. Allen, R. D. Wood, N.H. Brooks, M.J. Schaffer, A.W. Hyatt, T.W. Petrie, R.A. Moyer, M.E. Fenstermacher, C.J. Lasnier, J.P. Smith, G. M. Staebler, D. N. Hill, T.D. Rognlien, W.P. West, A.W. Leonard, W.H. Meyer, R.D. Stambaugh, M.E. Rensink, and R.B. Campbell
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Fusion power, Radiation zone, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Neon, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Heat flux, chemistry, law, Radiative transfer, General Materials Science
Abstract: We have used experiments and modeling to develop a new radiative divertor configuration for DIII-D. Gas puffing experiments with the existing open divertor have shown the creation of a localized (∼ 10 cm diameter) radiation zone which results in substantial reduction (3–10) in the divertor heat flux while τ E remains ∼ 2 times ITER-89P scaling. However, n e increases with D 2 puffing, and Z eff increases with neon puffing. Divertor structures are required to minimize the effects on the core plasma. The UEDGE fluid code, benchmarked with DIII-D data, and the DEGAS neutrals transport code are used to estimate the effectiveness of divertor configurations; slots reduce the core ionization more than baffles. The overall divertor shape is set by confinement studies which indicate that high triangularity (δ ≈ 0.8) is important for high τ E VH-modes. Results from engineering feasibility studies, including diagnostic access, will be presented.
Published: 1995

39. Assembly of High-Areal-Density Deuterium-Tritium Fuel from Indirectly Driven Cryogenic Implosions

Author: E. Giraldez, K. N. La Fortune, Mark W. Bowers, David R. Farley, Steve Glenn, W. H. Courdin, C. A. Thomas, P. S. Datte, K. M. Knittel, B. Haid, C. Stoeckl, K. Moreno, James Knauer, Edward I. Moses, S. W. Haan, N. Guler, J. J. Klingman, P. M. Celliers, P. T. Springer, B. J. Kozioziemski, H. F. Robey, J. D. Sater, A. J. MacKinnon, S. Weaver, N. E. Palmer, R. Bionta, M. A. Barrios, S. G. Brass, L. V. Berzins, Gordon A. Chandler, G. Frieders, Chris Haynam, E. P. Hartouni, Gary Wayne Cooper, G. N. McHalle, Marilyn Schneider, Chimpén Ruiz, Abbas Nikroo, R. J. Fortner, Hans Rinderknecht, Joseph Ralph, N. Simanovskaia, Michael J. Moran, S. J. Cohen, Pierre Michel, R. J. Leeper, Ogden Jones, G. LaCaille, T. G. Parham, R. Benedetti, R. P. J. Town, Eduard Dewald, P. Di Nicola, D. H. Munro, S. C. Burkhart, L. J. Atherton, Maria Gatu Johnson, R. W. Patterson, Hans W. Herrmann, A. Zylestra, Mahalia Jackson, John Lindl, David K. Bradley, Steven Weber, E. S. Palma, James McNaney, John Kline, M. J. Shaw, S. N. Dixit, T. A. Land, Daniel Casey, Gilbert Collins, P. W. McKenty, Paul J. Wegner, Brian Spears, C. Marshall, K. Widmann, D. G. Mathisen, Vladimir Glebov, R. E. Olson, Alex V. Hamza, R. F. Burr, Frank E. Merrill, Owen B. Drury, M. Hermann, Sean Regan, Rebecca Dylla-Spears, C. Clay Widmayer, Nathan Meezan, J. R. Kimbrough, G. Heestand, R. K. Kirkwood, Daniel Clark, R. Saunders, B.M. VanWonterghem, R. Lowe-Webb, K.S. Jancaitis, Perry M. Bell, Pamela K. Whitman, J. A. Caggiano, Damien Hicks, Charles Cerjan, R. J. Wallace, B. K. Young, P. A. Arnold, R. Tommasini, Robert L. Kauffman, A. G. Nelson, E. J. Bond, Alastair Moore, J. R. Cox, Steven H. Batha, Siegfried Glenzer, Bruce Hammel, J Eggert, B. Felker, Laurent Divol, D. A. Callahan, R. B. Ehrlich, Andrew MacPhee, Johan Frenje, D. H. Schneider, Evan Mapoles, Charles D. Orth, R. Prasad, Jose Milovich, K. G. Krauter, G. Gururangan, R. D. Wood, R. C. Ashabranner, E. G. Dzenitis, G. W. Krauter, John M. Dzenitis, J. P. Holder, Prav Patel, B. J. MacGowan, D. N. Fittinghoff, L. J. Lagin, Nobuhiko Izumi, J. M. Dinicola, D. L. Blueuel, Stephan Friedrich, G. Ross, D. H. Edgell, C. F. Walters, James E. Fair, J. D. Kilkenny, Craig Sangster, John Moody, Mary Sue Richardson, R. A. Zacharias, Robert Hatarik, D. Latray, David C. Eder, O. L. Landen, M. J. Eckart, T. Kohut, R. D. Petrasso, J. D. Salmonsen, G. A. Kyrala, Gary Grim, K. D. Hahn, Steve Hatchett, T. Ma, Suhas Bhandarkar, Wolfgang Stoeffl, G Brunton, L. J. Suter, Thomas Boehly, L. A. Bernstein, M. J. Edwards, Tilo Döppner, David Larson, S. Lepape, Dan Kalantar, G. Erbert, and Doug Wilson
Subjects: Ignition system, Materials science, Deuterium, Hohlraum, law, Nuclear engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Implosion, Neutron, Area density, Radius, National Ignition Facility, law.invention
Abstract: The National Ignition Facility has been used to compress deuterium-tritium to an average areal density of ~1.0±0.1 g cm(-2), which is 67% of the ignition requirement. These conditions were obtained using 192 laser beams with total energy of 1-1.6 MJ and peak power up to 420 TW to create a hohlraum drive with a shaped power profile, peaking at a soft x-ray radiation temperature of 275-300 eV. This pulse delivered a series of shocks that compressed a capsule containing cryogenic deuterium-tritium to a radius of 25-35 μm. Neutron images of the implosion were used to estimate a fuel density of 500-800 g cm(-3).
Published: 2012

40. Single layer I.T

Author: William R. D. Wood
Subjects: Molecular interactions, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Biophysics, Analytical chemistry, Single layer
Published: 2015

41. Divertor pumping and other reactor application issues for H-mode

Author: E. A. Lazarus, R. Maingi, R. D. Wood, A.W. Leonard, T.W. Petrie, N.H. Brooks, A.W. Hyatt, D. N. Hill, R.D. Stambaugh, G.D. Porter, Shigeru Konoshima, T.H. Osborne, G.L. Jackson, S.L. Allen, G. M. Staebler, M.E. Rensink, M.J. Schaffer, D.P. Schissel, M.A. Mahdavi, S.I. Lippmann, M. M. Menon, D. L. Hillis, and M. R. Wade
Subjects: Materials science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Impurity, Thomson scattering, Divertor, Drop (liquid), Torr, Noble gas, Cryopump, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: We summarize results from DIII-D in regard to issues for reactor application of H-mode. Recently, DIII-D has begun to operate a cryopump (D{sub 2} pumping speed = 31,000 {ell}/s at a pressure of 2 mTorr). Initial results are very favorable for density control in H-mode. The plasma density could be reduced by 50%. Energy confinement is unchanged so the temperature rises in proportion to the density drop. Ability to access these less collisional plasmas in H-mode is favorable to current drive application. With the all-graphite wall, impurity accumulation has been eliminated. The exceedingly good confinement of VH-mode offers the possibility of retaining good confinement while radiating copious power from the plasma edge using injected noble gas impurities.
Published: 1994

42. Images of the laser entrance hole from the static x-ray imager at NIF

Author: Cliff Thomas, Marilyn Schneider, K. Piston, O. S. Jones, Otto Landen, George A. Kyrala, B. K. F. Young, B. J. MacGowan, M. J. Pivovaroff, S. K. Oberhelman, J. D. Moody, Pierre Michel, Jose Milovich, Nathan Meezan, Richard Town, D. K. Bradley, John R. Celeste, M. J. Haugh, S. N. Dixit, Klaus Widmann, M. J. Edwards, John Kline, R G Beeler, R. D. Wood, Daniel H. Kalantar, A. L. Warrick, L. J. Suter, Stephen P. Vernon, Alan T. Teruya, and S. S. Alvarez
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Illuminance, Laser, law.invention, Optics, law, Hohlraum, Pinhole camera, Plasma diagnostics, business, National Ignition Facility, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The Static X-ray Imager (SXI) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a pinhole camera using a CCD detector to obtain images of hohlraum wall x-ray drive illumination patterns seen through the laser entrance hole (LEH). Carefully chosen filters combined with the CCD response allows recording images in the x-ray range of 3 to 5 keV with 60 {micro}m spatial resolution. The routines used to obtain the apparent size of the backlit LEH, and the location and intensity of beam spots are discussed and compared to predictions. A new soft x-ray channel centered at 870 eV (near the x-ray peak of a 300 eV temperature ignition hohlraum) is discussed.
Published: 2010

43. A design study for an advanced divertor for DIII-D and ITER: the radiative slot divertor

Author: R.B. Campbell, M.A. Mahdavi, R. A. Hulse, D. G. Nilson, S.L. Allen, M.E. Rensink, B.G. Logan, D. N. Hill, R.D. Stambaugh, R. D. Wood, T.W. Petrie, and G. M. Staebler
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Computer simulation, DIII-D, Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Plasma, Fusion power, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Heat transfer, Radiative transfer, General Materials Science
Abstract: Reduction of the divertor heat load is an important issue for future tokamaks, particularly during the technology phase of ITER. We discuss a conceptual design for one type of advanced divertor: the radiative slot divertor. The goal of this divertor configuration is to enhance the radiation in the divertor region and thereby reduce the heat load at the strike points. At the same time, any effects on the core plasma must be minimized. Proof-of-principle experiments to enhance the radiation in the DIII-D divertor have been performed both with deuterium and impurity injection. We compare several computer models with results from these experiments to predict performance and thereby guide designs of radiative divertors for future machines. We have estimated impurity radiation using calculations of the background plasma with a two-dimensional fluid code (B2 or LEDGE) coupled with models of impurity radiation. The DEGAS code has been used to estimate hydrogenic transport, charge exchange and radiation losses. Estimates of impurity transport are provided by 11/1-dimensional models and calculations of impurity frictional-force terms. These model, results are in qualitative agreement with the ∼1 MW reduction of measured divertor power in DIII-D during divertor impurity puffing experiments. Specific designs, including engineering details, for applications to DIII-D and ITER will be discussed.
Published: 1992

44. Spheromak Energy Transport Studies via Neutral Beam Injection

Author: H. S. McLean, J. Jayakumar, R. D. Wood, L D Pearlstein, and D. N. Hill
Subjects: Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Computer simulation, Spheromak, Nuclear engineering, Plasma, Auxiliary heating, Atomic physics, Beam (structure), Neutral beam injection, Energy transport
Abstract: Results from the SSPX spheromak experiment provide strong motivation to add neutral beam injection (NBI) heating. Such auxiliary heating would significantly advance the capability to study the physics of energy transport and pressure limits for the spheromak. This LDRD project develops the physics basis for using NBI to heat spheromak plasmas in SSPX. The work encompasses three activities: (1) numerical simulation to make quantitative predictions of the effect of adding beams to SSPX, (2) using the SSPX spheromak and theory/modeling to develop potential target plasmas suitable for future application of neutral beam heating, and (3) developing diagnostics to provide the measurements needed for transport calculations. These activities are reported in several publications.
Published: 2008

45. John Mateer, Emptiness: Asian Poems 1998–2012

Author: R D Wood
Subjects: Psychoanalysis, Poetry, Emptiness, General Engineering, Psychology
Published: 2015

46. Time-resolved Temperature Measurements in SSPX

Author: J. M. Moller, R. D. Wood, D. N. Hill, A.R. Ludington, and H. S. McLean
Subjects: Physics, Spheromak, business.industry, Detector, Bremsstrahlung, Plasma, Electron, Temperature measurement, Photodiode, law.invention, Optics, law, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: We seek to measure time-resolved electron temperatures in the SSPX plasma using soft X-rays from free-free Bremsstrahlung radiation. To increase sensitivity to changes in temperature over the range 100-300 eV, we use two photodiode detectors sensitive to different soft X-ray energies. The detectors, one with a Zr/C coating and the other with a Ti/Pd coating, view the plasma along a common line of sight tangential to the magnetic axis of the spheromak, where the electron temperature is a maximum. The comparison of the signals, over a similar volume of plasma, should be a stronger function of temperature than a single detector in the range of Te< 300 eV. The success of using photodiodes to detect changing temperatures along a chord will make the case for designing an array of the detectors, which could provide a time changing temperature profile over a larger portion of the plasma.
Published: 2006

47. Erratum: 'Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012' [Phys. Plasmas 21, 020501 (2014)]

Author: B. J. Haid, R G Beeler, D. Latray, J. M. Di Nicola, T. Kohut, Damien Hicks, J. A. Koch, S. V. Weber, Frank E. Merrill, P. Gauthier, M. Hoppe, M. Fedorov, S. Woods, D. Meeker, Nathan Meezan, J. R. Kimbrough, A. S. Moore, V. A. Smalyuk, Pamela K. Whitman, R. K. House, Jose Milovich, J. Adams, H. Wilkens, V. E. Fatherley, Robert L. Kauffman, J. N. E. Palmer, Brian Felker, Jon Eggert, R. Sawicki, R. A. Lerche, G.D. Kerbel, Kumar Raman, E. L. Dewald, F. Ravizza, B. P. Golick, J.-L. Bourgade, L. J. Lagin, Mahalia Jackson, Laurent Divol, K. A. Moreno, Nobuhiko Izumi, R. M. Bionta, Owen B. Drury, A. M. Manuel, S. J. Cohen, M. H. Key, R. J. Fortner, T. Frazier, R. T. Shelton, F. Philippe, D. H. Schneider, D. Trummer, R. Tommasini, C. Marshall, N. Guler, J. L. Peterson, Thomas G. Phillips, M. A. Rever, J. S. Taylor, Stephan Friedrich, L. J. Atherton, Otto Landen, N. Simanovskaia, G. W. Cooper, A. J. Mackinnon, R. Lowe-Webb, A. Wang, G. Gururangan, R. Hawley, C. Choate, John M. Dzenitis, W. Garbett, C. F. Walters, A. C. Riddle, B. E. Yoxall, M.S.Hutton, R. Seugling, J. D. Kilkenny, Gabriel M. Guss, J. P. Holder, R. Saunders, J. R. Nelson, D. A. Smauley, Joseph Koning, D. T. Casey, N. Masters, M. C. Witte, H.-S. Park, D. A. Shaughnessy, Rachna Prasad, J. E. Peterson, R. Zacharias, D. H. Munro, Christopher J. Stolz, Edward I. Moses, D. D. Martinson, C. J. Cerjan, James McNaney, J. R. Rygg, T. N. Malsbury, J. B. Horner, N. Shingleton, T A Biesiada, Mike C. Nostrand, Tilo Döppner, L. F. Berzak Hopkins, T. A. Land, C. R. Gibson, D. Mason, D. R. Jedlovec, J. R. Cox, P. Datte, D. A. Barker, Kenneth S. Jancaitis, R. F. Burr, F. H. Séguin, Erik Storm, R. A. London, S. R. Qiu, Laurent Masse, R. A. Sacks, E. A. Williams, M. Mintz, Robert Hatarik, B. A. Hammel, Daniel H. Kalantar, D. Hoover, R. Von Rotz, Mark Eckart, Laura Robin Benedetti, E. S. Palma, V.J. Hernandez, M J O'Brien, J. Gaylord, George B. Zimmerman, J. C. Moreno, A. L. Kritcher, Evan Mapoles, A. B. Langdon, B. J. MacGowan, R. D. Petrasso, John E. Heebner, C. W. Carr, A. L. Warrick, G. L. Tietbohl, Charles D. Orth, David R. Farley, T. M. Guymer, Ted A. Laurence, C. B. Yeamans, M. Emerich, Carlos E. Castro, J.-P. Leidinger, J. E. Ralph, M. Norton, Gordon A. Chandler, Shahab Khan, Y. Kim, O. S. Jones, Peter M. Celliers, Michael R. Borden, K. Wilhelmsen, J. L. Reynolds, B. J. Kozioziemski, J. D. Moody, Marilyn Schneider, Christopher Danly, Chimpén Ruiz, James A. Folta, S. C. Burkhart, T. M. Spinka, E. G. Dzenitis, Shon Prisbrey, E. P. Hartouni, M. J. Richardson, David Strozzi, Kyle Peterson, B. Rittmann, E. J. Bond, M. Chiarappa-Zucca, Michael J. Moran, K. C. Chen, M. A. Barrios, I. Matthews, Steven H. Batha, P. T. Springer, G. W. Krauter, Nick Antipa, P. A. Arnold, Raluca A. Negres, Howard A. Scott, K. D. Hahn, R. B. Ehrlich, A. V. Hamza, Scott Sepke, Pierre Michel, Marcus V. Monticelli, Denise Hinkel, D. M. Holunga, S. W. Haan, L. J. Suter, Maria Gatu Johnson, Cliff Thomas, S. H. Glenzer, J. Edwards, C. K. Li, C. C. Widmayer, K. Schaffers, M. M. Marinak, R. K. Kirkwood, Steven H. Langer, I. Bass, Salmaan H. Baxamusa, Michael Stadermann, David N. Fittinghoff, G. Heestand, N. Dorsano, T. McCarville, J. Chang, D. D. Ho, Mark D. Wilke, Daniel Clark, Z. Liao, William L. Kruer, D. K. Bradley, P. K. Patel, Donald F. Browning, L. A. Bernstein, Arthur C. Carpenter, Hans W. Herrmann, Peter Amendt, S. M. Glenn, Jay D. Salmonson, M. J. Shaw, James S. Stolken, R. E. Olson, Gilbert Collins, J. A. Caggiano, Mark R. Hermann, Bruce Remington, B. Butlin, Paul J. Wegner, Alex Zylstra, K. Primdahl, J. T. Salmon, B. W. Hatch, D. R. Speck, S. P. Hatchett, Brian Spears, C. A. Haynam, Richard C. Montesanti, P. M. Bell, B. V. Beeman, R. J. Wallace, A. Conder, Jeffrey D. Bude, J. J. Klingman, Klaus Widmann, K. N. LaFortune, P. Di Nicola, R. Finucane, Jeremy Kroll, Tayyab I. Suratwala, S. Weaver, J. D. Sater, Michael Rosenberg, J. Fair, V. Draggoo, N. Shen, Laura M. Kegelmeyer, B. Raymond, S. Frieders, K. M. Knittel, S. Azevedo, George A. Kyrala, D. C. Eder, D. A. Callahan, D. L. Bleuel, T. G. Parham, T. Ma, Suhas Bhandarkar, Wolfgang Stoeffl, D. G. Mathisen, M. D. Rosen, L. Wong, H. G. Rinderknecht, S. N. Dixit, P. E. Miller, Robbie Scott, K. Manes, Mark W. Bowers, M. Spaeth, G. Erbert, Andrew MacPhee, B. K. Young, Sebastien LePape, K. G. Krauter, James Ross, R. J. Leeper, J. Liebman, Michael A. Johnson, J. Menapace, G. LaCaille, R. D. Wood, T. J. Clancy, R. W. Patterson, John Kline, Rebecca Dylla-Spears, J. D. Lindl, B.M. VanWonterghem, Yekaterina Opachich, J. Fry, Carl Wilde, Aaron Fisher, P. Graham, Art Pak, G. Frieders, Gary Grim, G. A. Deis, J. A. Frenje, D. Larson, John Honig, G Brunton, S. Yang, John R. Celeste, and Doug Wilson
Subjects: Ignition system, Physics, Nuclear physics, law, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention
Published: 2014

48. Bank Upgrade for SSPX at LLNL

Author: M.M. Marchiano, N.N. Martovetsky, E.G. Cook, R. Geer, J.M. Moller, K.L. Morris, R. D. Wood, R.O. Kemptner, J. Watson, B. W. Stallard, and Harry McLean
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Single stage, Electrical engineering, Thyristor, Power factor, Modular design, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, law.invention, Capacitor, Upgrade, law, business, Electromagnetic pulse
Abstract: A new 5 kV, 1.5 MJ modular capacitor bank has been designed for the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) at LLNL. The new bank consists of thirty 4 mF capacitors that are independently controlled by light-triggered thyristors. By closing all switches simultaneously, the bank will provide a mega-ampere discharge. The new bank will also allow additional capabilities to SSPX, including higher peak gun current, longer current pulses, and multi-pulse plasma buildup. Experiment results for a single stage prototype will be presented.
Published: 2005

49. Flow cytometric immunophenotype of canine lymph node aspirates

Author: D, Gibson, I, Aubert, J P, Woods, A, Abrams-Ogg, S, Kruth, R D, Wood, and D, Bienzle
Subjects: Male, Dogs, Lymphoma, Research Design, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Animals, Female, Dog Diseases, Lymph Nodes, Flow Cytometry, Antigens, Differentiation, Immunophenotyping
Abstract: Increasing availability of reagents able to distinguish subtypes of lymphocytes and other leukocytes has enabled greater understanding of lymphocyte biology and pathology in the dog. Lymphocytes in circulation most commonly are subjected to immunophenotypic assessment by flow cytometry, but needle aspirates of lymph nodes can be similarly suitable for immunophenotypic examination. In this investigation, the feasibility of immunophenotyping samples obtained by needle aspiration of lymph nodes from 32 dogs with no physical abnormalities and 6 dogs with lymphoma was determined. In addition, samples from 6 dogs were stored overnight at 4 degrees C and reanalyzed 24 hours later. For each sample, stained smear preparations were examined microscopically for lymphocyte morphology, neoplasia, and the presence of inflammatory cells. Expression of antigens on a corresponding sample of aspirated cells was determined by flow cytometric detection of antibody binding on a minimum of 10,000 events. The distribution of data was determined with Anderson-Darling tests, and reference intervals incorporating the central 95% of values were established. Adequate samples were obtained from 30 of 32 clinically normal dogs. Immunophenotypic results after 24 hours of storage were consistent with those obtained immediately after sampling. Reference intervals for lymphocyte subsets from normal dog lymph nodes were similar to the proportions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD21+ lymphocytes found in blood. Aspirates of enlarged lymph nodes from dogs with lymphoma were readily classified by this technique. Aspiration of lymph nodes from dogs for comprehensive analysis by flow cytometry is feasible and applicable to immunophenotyping of lymphoma.
Published: 2004

50. Increasing the magnetic helicity content of a plasma by pulsing a magnetized source

Author: Bruce I. Cohen, R. D. Wood, Harry McLean, R. H. Bulmer, Simon Woodruff, J. M. Moller, C. T. Holcomb, E. B. Hooper, B. W. Stallard, and D. N. Hill
Subjects: Physics, Spheromak, Magnetic energy, Physics::Plasma Physics, Magnetic helicity, Content (measure theory), General Physics and Astronomy, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Atomic physics, Helicity, Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment
Abstract: By operating a magnetized coaxial gun in a pulsed mode it is possible to produce large voltage pulses of duration $\ensuremath{\sim}500\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ while reaching a few kV, giving a discrete input of helicity into a spheromak. In the sustained spheromak physics experiment (SSPX), it is observed that pulsing serves to nearly double the stored magnetic energy and double the temperature. We discuss these results by comparison with 3D MHD simulations of the same phenomenon.
Published: 2004

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