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1. Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

Author: S. Lesage, P. Veres, M. S. Briggs, A. Goldstein, D. Kocevski, E. Burns, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, P. N. Bhat, D. Huppenkothen, C. L. Fryer, R. Hamburg, J. Racusin, E. Bissaldi, W. H. Cleveland, S. Dalessi, C. Fletcher, M. M. Giles, B. A. Hristov, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, C. Malacaria, S. Poolakkil, O. J. Roberts, A. von Kienlin, J. Wood, M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, M. G. Baring, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chiaro, N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, P. Cristarella Orestano, M. Crnogorcevic, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, S. De Gaetano, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, H. Fleischhack, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, G. Galanti, V. Gammaldi, F. Gargano, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, F. Giacchino, N. Giglietto, R. Gill, M. Giroletti, J. Granot, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, X. Hou, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, A. Laviron, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, L. Lorusso, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, G. Panzarini, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, R. Pillera, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, F. Ryde, M. Sánchez-Conde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, V. Sharma, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, T. Venters, Z. Wadiasingh, K. Wood, and G. Zaharijas
Subjects: Gamma-ray bursts, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 s, which smoothly transitions to afterglow emission visible in the Fermi-GBM energy range (8 keV–40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the Fermi-GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the Fermi-GBM trigger time ( t _0 ; 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that this is the time of prompt emission onset. The triggering pulse exhibits distinct spectral and temporal properties suggestive of the thermal, photospheric emission of shock breakout, with significant emission up to ∼15 MeV. We characterize the onset of external shock at t _0 + 600 s and find evidence of a plateau region in the early-afterglow phase, which transitions to a slope consistent with Swift-XRT afterglow measurements. We place the total energetics of GRB 221009A in context with the rest of the Fermi-GBM sample and find that this GRB has the highest total isotropic-equivalent energy ( E _γ _,iso = 1.0 × 10 ^55 erg) and second highest isotropic-equivalent luminosity ( L _γ _,iso = 9.9 × 10 ^53 erg s ^–1 ) based on its redshift of z = 0.151. These extreme energetics are what allowed us to observe the continuously emitting central engine of Fermi-GBM from the beginning of the prompt emission phase through the onset of early afterglow.
Published: 2023
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2. The Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-Ray Pulsars

Author: D. A. Smith, S. Abdollahi, M. Ajello, M. Bailes, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, M. G. Baring, C. Bassa, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, B. Bhattacharyya, E. Bissaldi, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, M. Burgay, T. H. Burnett, R. A. Cameron, F. Camilo, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, C. J. Clark, I. Cognard, A. Corongiu, P. Cristarella Orestano, M. Crnogorcevic, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, A. de Angelis, M. E. DeCesar, S. De Gaetano, R. de Menezes, J. Deneva, F. de Palma, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, D. Dumora, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, H. Fleischhack, C. Flynn, A. Franckowiak, P. C. C. Freire, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, G. Galanti, V. Gammaldi, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, F. Giacchino, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, A. K. Harding, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, X. Hou, F. Jankowski, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, S. Johnston, J. Kataoka, M. J. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Kramer, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, S.-H. Lee, D. Li, J. Li, B. Limyansky, F. Longo, F. Loparco, L. Lorusso, M. N. Lovellette, M. Lower, P. Lubrano, A. G. Lyne, Y. Maan, S. Maldera, R. N. Manchester, A. Manfreda, M. Marelli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, M. Mickaliger, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, M. Negro, R. Nemmen, L. Nieder, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, G. Panzarini, A. Parthasarathy, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, R. Pillera, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, A. Possenti, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, S. M. Ransom, P. S. Ray, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, N. Renault-Tinacci, R. W. Romani, M. Sánchez-Conde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, R. Shannon, V. Sharma, Z. Shen, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, B. W. Stappers, T. E. Stephens, D. J. Suson, S. Tabassum, H. Tajima, D. Tak, G. Theureau, D. J. Thompson, O. Tibolla, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, C. Venter, Z. Wadiasingh, N. Wang, P. Wang, P. Weltevrede, K. Wood, J. Yan, G. Zaharijas, C. Zhang, and W. Zhu
Subjects: Binary pulsars, Millisecond pulsars, Pulsar timing method, Rotation powered pulsars, Pulsars, Gamma-rays, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present 294 pulsars found in GeV data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Another 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) discovered in deep radio searches of LAT sources will likely reveal pulsations once phase-connected rotation ephemerides are achieved. A further dozen optical and/or X-ray binary systems colocated with LAT sources also likely harbor gamma-ray MSPs. This catalog thus reports roughly 340 gamma-ray pulsars and candidates, 10% of all known pulsars, compared to ≤11 known before Fermi. Half of the gamma-ray pulsars are young. Of these, the half that are undetected in radio have a broader Galactic latitude distribution than the young radio-loud pulsars. The others are MSPs, with six undetected in radio. Overall, ≥236 are bright enough above 50 MeV to fit the pulse profile, the energy spectrum, or both. For the common two-peaked profiles, the gamma-ray peak closest to the magnetic pole crossing generally has a softer spectrum. The spectral energy distributions tend to narrow as the spindown power $\dot{E}$ decreases to its observed minimum near 10 ^33 erg s ^−1 , approaching the shape for synchrotron radiation from monoenergetic electrons. We calculate gamma-ray luminosities when distances are available. Our all-sky gamma-ray sensitivity map is useful for population syntheses. The electronic catalog version provides gamma-ray pulsar ephemerides, properties, and fit results to guide and be compared with modeling results.
Published: 2023
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3. The Fermi-LAT Lightcurve Repository

Author: S. Abdollahi, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. Bonino, A. Brill, P. Bruel, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, P. Cristarella Orestano, M. Crnogorcevic, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, S. De Gaetano, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, V. Fallah Ramazani, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, H. Fleischhack, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, V. Gammaldi, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, E. Hays, D. Horan, X. Hou, G. Jóhannesson, M. Kerr, D. Kocevski, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, L. Lorusso, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, G. Panzarini, J. S. Perkins, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, R. Pillera, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, M. Sánchez-Conde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, Jeff Scargle, L. Scotton, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, T. Venters, Z. Wadiasingh, S. Wagner, and K. Wood
Subjects: Gamma-ray astronomy, Active galactic nuclei, Light curves, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) lightcurve repository (LCR) is a publicly available, continually updated library of gamma-ray lightcurves of variable Fermi-LAT sources generated over multiple timescales. The Fermi-LAT LCR aims to provide publication-quality lightcurves binned on timescales of 3, 7, and 30 days for 1525 sources deemed variable in the source catalog of the first 10 yr of Fermi-LAT observations. The repository consists of lightcurves generated through full likelihood analyses that model the sources and the surrounding region, providing fluxes and photon indices for each time bin. The LCR is intended as a resource for the time-domain and multimessenger communities by allowing users to search LAT data quickly to identify correlated variability and flaring emission episodes from gamma-ray sources. We describe the sample selection and analysis employed by the LCR and provide an overview of the associated data access portal.
Published: 2023
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4. Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahlers, E. J. Ahn, I. F. M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, A. M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml, J. J. Beatty, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, K. S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S. H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J. C. D'Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, R. Gaior, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S. T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, J. G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A. E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K. H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, F. Kuehn, D. Kuempel, J. K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J. C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, P. T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C. E. Santo, E. Santos, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyñska, H. Wilczyñski, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, and M. Ziolkowski
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The observation of ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHEνs) has become a priority in experimental astroparticle physics. UHEνs can be detected with a variety of techniques. In particular, neutrinos can interact in the atmosphere (downward-going ν) or in the Earth crust (Earth-skimming ν), producing air showers that can be observed with arrays of detectors at the ground. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can detect these types of cascades. The distinguishing signature for neutrino events is the presence of very inclined showers produced close to the ground (i.e., after having traversed a large amount of atmosphere). In this work we review the procedure and criteria established to search for UHEνs in the data collected with the ground array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This includes Earth-skimming as well as downward-going neutrinos. No neutrino candidates have been found, which allows us to place competitive limits to the diffuse flux of UHEνs in the EeV range and above.
Published: 2013
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5. The first X-ray polarimetric observation of the black hole binary LMC X-1

Author: J Podgorný, L Marra, F Muleri, N Rodriguez Cavero, A Ratheesh, M Dovčiak, R Mikušincová, M Brigitte, J F Steiner, A Veledina, S Bianchi, H Krawczynski, J Svoboda, P Kaaret, G Matt, J A García, P-O Petrucci, A Lutovinov, A Semena, A Di Marco, M Negro, M C Weisskopf, A Ingram, J Poutanen, B Beheshtipour, S Chun, K Hu, T Mizuno, Z Sixuan, F Tombesi, S Zane, I Agudo, L A Antonelli, M Bachetti, L Baldini, W H Baumgartner, R Bellazzini, S D Bongiorno, R Bonino, A Brez, N Bucciantini, F Capitanio, S Castellano, E Cavazzuti, C Chen, S Ciprini, E Costa, A De Rosa, E Del Monte, L Di Gesu, N Di Lalla, I Donnarumma, V Doroshenko, S R Ehlert, T Enoto, Y Evangelista, S Fabiani, R Ferrazzoli, S Gunji, K Hayashida, J Heyl, W Iwakiri, S G Jorstad, V Karas, F Kislat, T Kitaguchi, J J Kolodziejczak, F La Monaca, L Latronico, I Liodakis, S Maldera, A Manfreda, F Marin, A Marinucci, A P Marscher, H L Marshall, F Massaro, I Mitsuishi, C-Y Ng, S L O’Dell, N Omodei, C Oppedisano, A Papitto, G G Pavlov, A L Peirson, M Perri, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pilia, A Possenti, S Puccetti, B D Ramsey, J Rankin, O J Roberts, R W Romani, C Sgrò, P Slane, P Soffitta, G Spandre, D A Swartz, T Tamagawa, F Tavecchio, R Taverna, Y Tawara, A F Tennant, N E Thomas, A Trois, S S Tsygankov, R Turolla, J Vink, K Wu, and F Xie
Published: 2023
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6. A gamma-ray determination of the Universe’s star formation history

Author: S. Abdollahi, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. Atwood, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. Blandford, E. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, S. Buson, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, R. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, E. Charles, S. Chen, T. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. Cominsky, J. Conrad, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, F. de Palma, A. Desai, S. Digel, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, C. Favuzzi, S. Fegan, J. Finke, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, G. Gallardo Romero, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. Grenier, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, D. H. Hartmann, E. Hays, K. Helgason, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, D. Kocevski, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. Madejski, J. Magill, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, M. Mazziotta, J. McEnery, M. Meyer, P. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, R. Ojha, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. Ormes, M. Palatiello, V. Paliya, D. Paneque, J. Perkins, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, T. Porter, J. R. Primack, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. Saz Parkinson, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. Takahashi, J. Thayer, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, E. Troja, J. V. Valverde, G. Vianello, M. Vogel, K. Wood, and G. Zaharijas
Published: 2018
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7. The Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: M. Ajello, R. Angioni, M. Axelsson, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, P. Bruel, S. Buson, F. Cafardo, R. A. Cameron, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, C. C. Cheung, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, P. de la Torre Luque, R. de Menezes, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, F. Fana Dirirsa, E. C. Ferrara, J. Finke, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, S. Harita, E. Haywood, D. Horan, R. Itoh, G. Jóhannesson, M. Kovac’evic’, F. Krauss, M. Kreter, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, C. Leto, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, F. Massaro, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, G. Migliori, N. Barrios, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, R. Nemmen, E. Nuss, L. S. Ojha, R. Ojha, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, V. S. Paliya, Z. Pei, H. Peña-Herazo, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, L. Petrov, F. Piron, H. Poon, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, F. K. Schinzel, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, Y. Tachibana, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, E. Troja, J. Valverde, P. van Zyl, and M. Yassine
Subjects: Astrophysics, Astronomy
Abstract: The fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (4LAC) between 2008 August 4 and 2016 August 2 contains $2863$ objects located at high Galactic latitudes (| b| > 10^9). It includes 85% more sources than the previous 3LAC catalog based on 4 yr of data. AGNs represent at least 79% of the high-latitude sources in the fourth Fermi-Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), which covers the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV. In addition, 344 gamma-ray AGNs are found at low Galactic latitudes. Most of the 4LAC AGNs are blazars (98%), while the remainder are other types of AGNs. The blazar population consists of 24% Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), 38% BL Lac-type objects, and 38% blazar candidates of unknown types (BCUs). On average, FSRQs display softer spectra and stronger variability in the gamma-ray band than BL Lacs do, confirming previous findings. All AGNs detected by ground-based atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes are also found in the 4LAC.
Published: 2020
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8. Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog

Author: S. Abdollahi, F. Acero, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, T. H. Burnett, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, D. Castro, E. Cavazzuti, E. Charles, S. Chaty, S. Chen, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. R. Cominsky, J. Coronado-Blázquez, D. Costantin, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, M. DeKlotz, P. de la Torre Luque, F. de Palma, A. Desai, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, A. Dominguez, D. Dumora, F. Fana Dirirsa, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, P. Giommi, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Griffin, M.-H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, K. Hayashi, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, T. J. Johnson, T. Kamae, M. Kerr, D. Kocevski, M. Kovac’evic’, M. Kuss, D. Landriu, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, E. J. Marchesini, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, P. Martin, F. Massaro, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, N. Mirabal, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, R. Ojha, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, H. Peña-Herazo, J. S. Perkins, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, L. Petrov, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Raino', R. Rando, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, Q. Remy, T. Reposeur, R. W. Romani, P. M. Saz Parkinson, F. K. Schinzel, D. Serini, C. Sgro', E. J. Siskind, D. A. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, A. W. Strong, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, J. Valverde, B. Van Klaveren, P. van Zyl, K. Wood, M. Yassine, and G. Zaharijas
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog (4FGL) of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first eight years of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it is the deepest yet in this energy range. Relative to the 3FGL catalog, the 4FGL catalog has twice as much exposure as well as a number of analysis improvements, including an updated model for the Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, and two sets of light curves (one-year and two-month intervals). The 4FGL catalog includes 5064 sources above 4 sigma significance, for which we provide localization and spectral properties. Seventy-five sources are modeled explicitly as spatially extended, and overall, 358 sources are considered as identified based on angular extent, periodicity, or correlated variability observed at other wavelengths. For 1336 sources, we have not found plausible counterparts at other wavelengths. More than 3130 of the identified or associated sources are active galaxies of the blazar class, and 239 are pulsars.
Published: 2020
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9. Fermi and Swift Observations of GRB 190114C: Tracing the Evolution of High-energy Emission from Prompt to Afterglow

Author: M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F.D’Ammando, M. DeKlotz, P. de la Torre Luque, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, F. Fana Dirirsa, S. J. Fegan, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, R. Gill, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, J. Granot, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, D. Kocevski, M. Kovac’evic’, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J.Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, F. Ryde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, K. Takagi, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Troja, J. Valverde, B. Van Klaveren, K. Wood, M. Yassine, G. Zaharijas, B. Mailyan, P. N. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, W. Cleveland, M. Giles, A. Goldstein, M. Hui, Christian Malacaria, R. Preece, O. J. Roberts, P. Veres, C. Wilson-Hodge, A. von Kienlin, S. B. Cenko, P. O’Brien, A. P. Beardmore, A. Lien, J. P. Osborne, A. Tohuvavohu, V. D’Elia, A.D’Aì, M. Perri, J. Gropp, N. Klingler, M. Capalbi, G. Tagliaferri, M. Stamatikos, and M. De Pasquale
Subjects: Astronomy
Abstract: We report on the observations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 190114C by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. The prompt gamma-ray emission was detected by the Fermi GRB Monitor (GBM), the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the long-lived afterglow emission was subsequently observed by the GBM, LAT, Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT), and Swift UV Optical Telescope. The early-time observations reveal multiple emission components that evolve independently, with a delayed power-law component that exhibits significant spectral attenuation above 40 MeV in the first few seconds of the burst. This power-law component transitions to a harder spectrum that is consistent with the afterglow emission observed by the XRT at later times. This afterglow component is clearly identifiable in the GBM and BAT light curves as a slowly fading emission component on which the rest of the prompt emission is superimposed. As a result, we are able to observe the transition from internal-shock- to external-shock-dominated emission. We find that the temporal and spectral evolution of the broadband afterglow emission can be well modeled as synchrotron emission from a forward shock propagating into a wind-like circumstellar environment. We estimate the initial bulk Lorentz factor using the observed high-energy spectral cutoff. Considering the onset of the afterglow component, we constrain the deceleration radius at which this forward shock begins to radiate in order to estimate the maximum synchrotron energy as a function of time. We find that even in the LAT energy range, there exist high-energy photons that are in tension with the theoretical maximum energy that can be achieved through synchrotron emission from a shock. These violations of the maximum synchrotron energy are further compounded by the detection of very high-energy (VHE) emission above 300 GeV by MAGIC concurrent with our observations. We conclude that the observations of VHE photons from GRB 190114C necessitates either an additional emission mechanism at very high energies that is hidden in the synchrotron component in the LAT energy range, an acceleration mechanism that imparts energy to the particles at a rate that is faster than the electron synchrotron energy-loss rate, or revisions of the fundamental assumptions used in estimating the maximum photon energy attainable through the synchrotron process.
Published: 2020
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10. Gamma Rays from Fast Black-hole Winds

Author: M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, D. Caprioli, R. Caputo, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chartas, S. Chen, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, P. de la Torre Luque, F. de Palma, A. Desai, R. Diesing, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, D. Hartmann, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, C. Karwin, M. Kerr, M. Kovačević, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, S. Marchesi, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, V. Paliya, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, D. Tak, D. F. Torres, E. Troja, K. Wood, G. Zaharijas, and J. Zrake
Published: 2021
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11. The Fermi-LAT Light Curve Repository

Author: S. Abdollahi, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. Bonino, A. Brill, P. Bruel, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, P. Cristarella Orestano, M. Crnogorcevic, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, S. De Gaetano, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, V. Fallah Ramazani, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, H. Fleischhack, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, V. Gammaldi, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, E. Hays, D. Horan, X. Hou, G. Jóhannesson, M. Kerr, D. Kocevski, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, L. Lorusso, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, G. Panzarini, J. S. Perkins, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, R. Pillera, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, M. Sánchez-Conde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, Jeff Scargle, L. Scotton, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, T. Venters, Z. Wadiasingh, S. Wagner, K. Wood, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Active galactic nuclei, Light Curves (918), Gamma-ray astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, Física, FOS: Physical sciences, Gamma-ray astronomy, Active galactic nuclei, Light curves, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-Ray Astronomy (628), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Active Galactic Nuclei (16), Light curves, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiere, The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) lightcurve repository (LCR) is a publicly available, continually updated library of gamma-ray lightcurves of variable Fermi-LAT sources generated over multiple timescales. The Fermi-LAT LCR aims to provide publication-quality lightcurves binned on timescales of 3, 7, and 30 days for 1525 sources deemed variable in the source catalog of the first 10 yr of Fermi-LAT observations. The repository consists of lightcurves generated through full likelihood analyses that model the sources and the surrounding region, providing fluxes and photon indices for each time bin. The LCR is intended as a resource for the time-domain and multimessenger communities by allowing users to search LAT data quickly to identify correlated variability and flaring emission episodes from gamma-ray sources. We describe the sample selection and analysis employed by the LCR and provide an overview of the associated data access portal, M.N. and J.V. acknowledge that the material is based upon work supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002. D.K. and M.N. acknowledge support to this work from NASA Fermi GI Program under grant number 80NSSC23K0242. A.B. is supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. INFN and ASI personnel performed in part under ASI-INFN Agreements No. 2021-43-HH.0. Work at NRL is supported by NASA. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515
Published: 2023
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12. Accretion geometry of the neutron star low mass X-ray binary Cyg X-2 from X-ray polarization measurements

Author: R Farinelli, S Fabiani, J Poutanen, F Ursini, C Ferrigno, S Bianchi, M Cocchi, F Capitanio, A De Rosa, A Gnarini, F Kislat, G Matt, R Mikusincova, F Muleri, I Agudo, L A Antonelli, M Bachetti, L Baldini, W H Baumgartner, R Bellazzini, S D Bongiorno, R Bonino, A Brez, N Bucciantini, S Castellano, E Cavazzuti, S Ciprini, E Costa, E Del Monte, L Di Gesu, N Di Lalla, A Di Marco, I Donnarumma, V Doroshenko, M Dovčiak, S R Ehlert, T Enoto, Y Evangelista, R Ferrazzoli, J A Garcia, S Gunji, K Hayashida, J Heyl, W Iwakiri, S G Jorstad, V Karas, T Kitaguchi, J J Kolodziejczak, H Krawczynski, F La Monaca, L Latronico, I Liodakis, S Maldera, A Manfreda, F Marin, A P Marscher, H L Marshall, I Mitsuishi, T Mizuno, C-Y Ng, S L O’Dell, N Omodei, C Oppedisano, A Papitto, G G Pavlov, A L Peirson, M Perri, M Pesce-Rollins, P O Petrucci, M Pilia, A Possenti, S Puccetti, B D Ramsey, J Rankin, A Ratheesh, R W Romani, C Sgrò, P Slane, P Soffitta, G Spandre, T Tamagawa, F Tavecchio, R Taverna, Y Tawara, A F Tennant, N E Thomas, F Tombesi, A Trois, S S Tsygankov, R Turolla, J Vink, M C Weisskopf, K Wu, F Xie, S Zane, Farinelli, R, Fabiani, S, Poutanen, J, Ursini, F, Ferrigno, C, Bianchi, S, Cocchi, M, Capitanio, F, De Rosa, A, Gnarini, A, Kislat, F, Matt, G, Mikusincova, R, Muleri, F, Agudo, I, Antonelli, L A, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, Baumgartner, W H, Bellazzini, R, Bongiorno, S D, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Castellano, S, Cavazzuti, E, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, Del Monte, E, Di Gesu, L, Di Lalla, N, Di Marco, A, Donnarumma, I, Doroshenko, V, Dovčiak, M, Ehlert, S R, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Ferrazzoli, R, Garcia, J A, Gunji, S, Hayashida, K, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, Jorstad, S G, Karas, V, Kitaguchi, T, Kolodziejczak, J J, Krawczynski, H, Monaca, F La, Latronico, L, Liodakis, I, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marin, F, Marscher, A P, Marshall, H L, Mitsuishi, I, Mizuno, T, Ng, C-Y, O’Dell, S L, Omodei, N, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, Pavlov, G G, Peirson, A L, Perri, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrucci, P O, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Puccetti, S, Ramsey, B D, Rankin, J, Ratheesh, A, Romani, R W, Sgrò, C, Slane, P, Soffitta, P, Spandre, G, Tamagawa, T, Tavecchio, F, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, Tennant, A F, Thomas, N E, Tombesi, F, Trois, A, Tsygankov, S S, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Weisskopf, M C, Wu, K, Xie, F, and Zane, S
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Settore FIS/05, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report spectro-polarimetric results of an observational campaign of the bright neutron star low-mass X-ray binary Cyg X-2 simultaneously observed by IXPE, NICER and INTEGRAL. Consistently with previous results, the broad-band spectrum is characterized by a lower-energy component, attributed to the accretion disc with $kT_{\rm in} \approx$ 1 keV, plus unsaturated Comptonization in thermal plasma with temperature $kT_{\rm e} = 3$ keV and optical depth $\tau \approx 4$, assuming a slab geometry. We measure the polarization degree in the 2-8 keV band $P=1.8 \pm 0.3$ per cent and polarization angle $\phi = 140^{\circ} \pm 4^{\circ}$, consistent with the previous X-ray polarimetric measurements by OSO-8 as well as with the direction of the radio jet which was earlier observed from the source. While polarization of the disc spectral component is poorly constrained with the IXPE data, the Comptonized emission has a polarization degree $P =4.0 \pm 0.7$ per cent and a polarization angle aligned with the radio jet. Our results strongly favour a spreading layer at the neutron star surface as the main source of the polarization signal. However, we cannot exclude a significant contribution from reflection off the accretion disc, as indicated by the presence of the iron fluorescence line., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2023

13. MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

Author: M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, R. Ch. Berse, A. Berti, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, G. Ceribella, A. Chatterjee, S. M. Colak, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Cumani, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, F. Di Pierro, A. Domınguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fernandez-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinovic, D. Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, K. Ishio, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, D. Kuvezdic, D. Lelas, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, K. Mielke, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nagayoshi, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogues, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, G. Pedaletti, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, J. R. Garcia, I. Reichardt, W. Rhodes, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, M. Strzys, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, A. Treves, S. Tsujimoto, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, I. Vovk, J. E. Ward, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, R. Arceo, J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Becerril, E. Belmont-Moreno, S. Y. BenZvi, A. Bernal, J. Braun, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistran, A. Carraminana, S. Casanova, M. Castillo, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutino de Leon, C. De Leon, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, S. Dichiara, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Dıaz-Velez, R. W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, O. Enriquez-Rivera, D. W. Fiorino, H. Fleischhack, N. Fraija, J. A. Garcıa-Gonzalez, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez-Munoz, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, Z. Hampel-Arias, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, C. M. Hui, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, R. J. Lauer, W. H. Lee, D. Lennarz, H. Leon Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, R. Luna-Garcıa, R. Lopez-Coto, K. Malone, S. S. Marinelli, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martınez-Castro, H. Martınez-Huerta, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pelayo, J. Pretz, E. G. Perez-Perez, Z. Ren, C. D. Rho, C. Riviere, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, M. Rosenberg, E. Ruiz-Velasco, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, M. Seglar Arroyo, G. Sinnis, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, T. N. Ukwatta, G. Vianello, L. Villasenor, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, J. Wood, T. Yapici, G. Yodh, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, J. D. Alvarez, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, D. Castro, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, F. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, C. Favuzzi, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, G. Johannesson, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, I. Liodakis, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, J. D. Magill, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Raino, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, C. Sgro, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, J. B. Thayer, David J Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, E. Troja, J. Valverde, K. Wood, and M. Yassine
Subjects: Astronomy, Astrophysics
Abstract: The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalogue of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E ≳ 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 300 GeV) sources. This catalogue motivated follow-up studies by both the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) and Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084*, and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1° extension (at 95 per cent confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, whilst a simply minimum extension of 0.16° (at 95 per cent confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail.
Published: 2019
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14. Mapping the circumnuclear regions of the Circinus galaxy with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer

Author: F Ursini, A Marinucci, G Matt, S Bianchi, F Marin, H L Marshall, R Middei, J Poutanen, D Rogantini, A De Rosa, L Di Gesu, J A García, A Ingram, D E Kim, H Krawczynski, S Puccetti, P Soffitta, J Svoboda, F Tombesi, M C Weisskopf, T Barnouin, M Perri, J Podgorny, A Ratheesh, A Zaino, I Agudo, L A Antonelli, M Bachetti, L Baldini, W H Baumgartner, R Bellazzini, S D Bongiorno, R Bonino, A Brez, N Bucciantini, F Capitanio, S Castellano, E Cavazzuti, S Ciprini, E Costa, E Del Monte, N Di Lalla, A Di Marco, I Donnarumma, V Doroshenko, M Dovciak, S R Ehlert, T Enoto, Y Evangelista, S Fabiani, R Ferrazzoli, S Gunji, J Heyl, W Iwakiri, S G Jorstad, V Karas, T Kitaguchi, J J Kolodziejczak, F La Monaca, L Latronico, I Liodakis, S Maldera, A Manfreda, A P Marscher, I Mitsuishi, T Mizuno, F Muleri, C Y Ng, S L O’Dell, N Omodei, C Oppedisano, A Papitto, G G Pavlov, A L Peirson, M Pesce-Rollins, P-O Petrucci, M Pilia, A Possenti, B D Ramsey, J Rankin, R W Romani, C Sgrò, P Slane, G Spandre, T Tamagawa, F Tavecchio, R Taverna, Y Tawara, A F Tennant, N E Thomas, A Trois, S S Tsygankov, R Turolla, J Vink, K Wu, F Xie, S Zane, Ursini, F, Marinucci, A, Matt, G, Bianchi, S, Marin, F, L Marshall, H, Middei, R, Poutanen, J, De Rosa, A, Di Gesu, L, A Garc??a, J, Ingram, A, E Kim, D, Krawczynski, H, Puccetti, S, Soffitta, P, Svoboda, J, Tombesi, F, C Weisskopf, M, Barnouin, T, Perri, M, Podgorny, J, Ratheesh, A, Zaino, A, Agudo, I, A Antonelli, L, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, H Baumgartner, W, Bellazzini, R, D Bongiorno, S, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Capitanio, F, Castellano, S, Cavazzuti, E, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, Del Monte, E, Di Lalla, N, Di Marco, A, Donnarumma, I, Doroshenko, V, Dovciak, M, R Ehlert, S, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Fabiani, S, Ferrazzoli, R, Gunji, S, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, G Jorstad, S, Karas, V, Kitaguchi, T, J Kolodziejczak, J, La Monaca, F, Latronico, L, Liodakis, I, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, P Marscher, A, Mitsuishi, I, Mizuno, T, Muleri, F, Y Ng, C, L O???Dell, S, Omodei, N, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, G Pavlov, G, L Peirson, A, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrucci, P-O, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, D Ramsey, B, Rankin, J, W Romani, R, Sgr??, C, Slane, P, Spandre, G, Tamagawa, T, Tavecchio, F, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, F Tennant, A, E Thomas, N, Trois, A, S Tsygankov, S, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Wu, K, Xie, F, Zane, S, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Scattering, Galaxies: individual: Circinus, X-rays: galaxies, Galaxies: Seyfert, Settore FIS/05, Space and Planetary Science, Polarization, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies: active, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Full list of authors: Ursini, F.; Marinucci, A.; Matt, G.; Bianchi, S.; Marin, F.; Marshall, H. L.; Middei, R.; Poutanen, J.; Rogantini, D.; De Rosa, A.; Di Gesu, L.; Garcia, J. A.; Ingram, A.; Kim, D. E.; Krawczynski, H.; Puccetti, S.; Soffitta, P.; Svoboda, J.; Tombesi, F.; Weisskopf, M. C.; Barnouin, T.; Perri, M.; Podgorny, J.; Ratheesh, A.; Zaino, A.; Agudo, I; Antonelli, L. A.; Bachetti, M.; Baldini, L.; Baumgartner, W. H.; Bellazzini, R.; Bongiorno, S. D.; Bonino, R.; Brez, A.; Bucciantini, N.; Capitanio, F.; Castellano, S.; Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Costa, E.; Del Monte, E.; Di Lalla, N.; Di Marco, A.; Donnarumma, I; Doroshenko, V; Dovciak, M.; Ehlert, S. R.; Enoto, T.; Evangelista, Y.; Fabiani, S.; Ferrazzoli, R.; Gunji, S.; Heyl, J.; Iwakiri, W.; Jorstad, S. G.; Karas, V; Kitaguchi, T.; Kolodziejczak, J. J.; La Monaca, F.; Latronico, L.; Liodakis, I; Maldera, S.; Manfreda, A.; Marscher, A. P.; Mitsuishi, I; Mizuno, T.; Muleri, F.; Ng, C. Y.; O'Dell, S. L.; Omodei, N.; Oppedisano, C.; Papitto, A.; Pavlov, G. G.; Peirson, A. L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrucci, P-O; Pilia, M.; Possenti, A.; Ramsey, B. D.; Rankin, J.; Romani, R. W.; Sgro, C.; Slane, P.; Spandre, G.; Tamagawa, T.; Tavecchio, F.; Taverna, R.; Tawara, Y.; Tennant, A. F.; Thomas, N. E.; Trois, A.; Tsygankov, S. S.; Turolla, R.; Vink, J.; Wu, K.; Xie, F.; Zane, S., We report on the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observation of the closest and X-ray brightest Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN), the Circinus galaxy. We find the source to be significantly polarized in the 2–6 keV band. From previous studies, the X-ray spectrum is known to be dominated by reflection components, both neutral (torus) and ionized (ionization cones). Our analysis indicates that the polarization degree is 28 ± 7 per cent (at 68 per cent confidence level) for the neutral reflector, with a polarization angle of 18° ± 5°, roughly perpendicular to the radio jet. The polarization of the ionized reflection is unconstrained. A comparison with Monte Carlo simulations of the polarization expected from the torus shows that the neutral reflector is consistent with being an equatorial torus with a half-opening angle of 45°–55°. This is the first X-ray polarization detection in a Seyfert galaxy, demonstrating the power of X-ray polarimetry in probing the geometry of the circumnuclear regions of AGNs, and confirming the basic predictions of standard Unification Models. © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society., The Imaging X ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a joint US and Italian mission. The US contribution is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and led and managed by its Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), with industry partner Ball Aerospace (contract NNM15AA18C). The Italian contribution is supported by the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, ASI) through contract ASI-OHBI-2017-12-I.0, agreements ASI-INAF-2017-12-H0 and ASI-INFN-2017.13-H0, and its Space Science Data Center (SSDC) with agreements ASI-INAF-2022-14-HH.0 and ASI-INFN 2021-43-HH.0, and by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. This research used data products provided by the IXPE Team (MSFC, SSDC, INAF, and INFN) and distributed with additional software tools by the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). JPou and SST were supported by the Academy of Finland grants 349373 and 349906. AIng acknowledges support from the Royal Society. MDov, JSvo, and VKar acknowledge the support from the GACR project 21-06825X. POP acknowledges financial support from the French High Energy Program (PNHE/CNRS) and from the French spatial agency (CNES)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).
Published: 2022

15. Unresolved Gamma-Ray Sky through its Angular Power Spectrum

Author: M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, P. de la Torre Luque, F. de Palma, A. Desai, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, F. Fana Dirirsa, C. Favuzzi, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, J. D. Magill, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, D. Paneque, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. Takahashi, J. B. Thayer, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, E. Troja, T. M. Venters, G. Vianello, K. Wood, M. Yassine, G. Zaharijas, S. Ammazzalorso, N. Fornengo, and M. Regis
Published: 2018
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16. Investigating the Nature of Late-Time High-Energy GRB Emission Through Joint

Author: M, Ajello, L, Baldini, G, Barbiellini, D, Bastieri, R, Bellazzini, E, Bissaldi, R D, Blandford, R, Bonino, E, Bottacini, J, Bregeon, P, Bruel, R, Buehler, R A, Cameron, R, Caputo, P A, Caraveo, G, Chiaro, S, Ciprini, J, Cohen-Tanugi, D, Costantin, F, D'Ammando, F, DE Palma, N, DI Lalla, M, DI Mauro, L, DI Venere, A, Domínguez, C, Favuzzi, A, Franckowiak, Y, Fukazawa, S, Funk, P, Fusco, F, Gargano, D, Gasparrini, N, Giglietto, F, Giordano, M, Giroletti, D, Green, I A, Grenier, S, Guiriec, C, Holt, D, Horan, G, Jóhannesson, D, Kocevski, M, Kuss, G, LA Mura, S, Larsson, J, Li, F, Longo, F, Loparco, P, Lubrano, J D, Magill, S, Maldera, A, Manfreda, M N, Mazziotta, P F, Michelson, T, Mizuno, M E, Monzani, A, Morselli, M, Negro, E, Nuss, N, Omodei, M, Orienti, E, Orlando, V S, Paliya, J S, Perkins, M, Persic, M, Pesce-Rollins, F, Piron, G, Principe, J L, Racusin, S, Rainò, R, Rando, M, Razzano, S, Razzaque, A, Reimer, O, Reimer, C, Sgrò, E J, Siskind, G, Spandre, P, Spinelli, D, Tak, J B, Thayer, D F, Torres, G, Tosti, J, Valverde, M, Vogel, and K, Wood
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Article
Abstract: We use joint observations by the Neil Gehrels Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows to investigate the nature of the long-lived high-energy emission observed by Fermi LAT. Joint broadband spectral modeling of XRT and LAT data reveal that LAT non-detections of bright X-ray afterglows are consistent with a cooling break in the inferred electron synchrotron spectrum below the LAT and/or XRT energy ranges. Such a break is sufficient to suppress the high-energy emission so as to be below the LAT detection threshold. By contrast, LAT-detected bursts are best fit by a synchrotron spectrum with a cooling break that lies either between or above the XRT and LAT energy ranges. We speculate that the primary difference between GRBs with LAT afterglow detections and the non-detected population may be in the type of circumstellar environment in which these bursts occur, with late-time LAT detections preferentially selecting GRBs that occur in low wind-like circumburst density profiles. Furthermore, we find no evidence of high-energy emission in the LAT-detected population significantly in excess of the flux expected from the electron synchrotron spectrum fit to the observed X-ray emission. The lack of excess emission at high energies could be due to a shocked external medium in which the energy density in the magnetic field is stronger than or comparable to that of the relativistic electrons behind the shock, precluding the production of a dominant synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) component in the LAT energy range. Alternatively, the peak of the SSC emission could be beyond the 0.1–100 GeV energy range considered for this analysis.
Published: 2022

17. Cosmic-ray electron-positron spectrum from 7 GeV to 2 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: S. Abdollahi, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, M. Caragiulo, D. Castro, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, A. Chekhtman, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, F. Costanza, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, F. de Palma, R. Desiante, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, C. Favuzzi, W. B. Focke, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, T. Jogler, G. Jóhannesson, T. Kamae, M. Kuss, G. La Mura, L. Latronico, F. Longo, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, M. N. Mazziotta, P. F. Michelson, N. Mirabal, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, E. Orlando, D. Paneque, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, G. Pivato, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, C. Sgrò, D. Simone, E. J. Siskind, F. Spada, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, J. B. Thayer, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, E. Troja, M. Wood, A. Worley, G. Zaharijas, and S. Zimmer
Published: 2017
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18. Search for Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Anisotropies with Seven Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

Author: S. Abdollahi, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Albert, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, P. Bruel, S. Buson, M. Caragiulo, E. Cavazzuti, A. Chekhtman, S. Ciprini, F. Costanza, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, F. de Palma, R. Desiante, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, B. Donaggio, P. S. Drell, C. Favuzzi, W. B. Focke, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, T. Jogler, G. Jóhannesson, T. Kamae, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, F. Longo, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, J. D. Magill, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, M. N. Mazziotta, M. Meehan, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, M. Negro, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, N. Omodei, D. Paneque, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, G. Pivato, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, C. Sgrò, D. Simone, E. J. Siskind, F. Spada, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, A. W. Strong, H. Tajima, J. B. Thayer, D. F. Torres, E. Troja, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Zaharijas, and S. Zimmer
Published: 2017
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19. Vaccine adhesion before and after Vaxzevria suspension in a Local Health Unit of Piedmont - Italy

Author: D Catozzi, D. Belliggiano, A. Poli, D. Minniti, Roberta Siliquini, Erika Pompili, R. Bonino, and Giacomo Scaioli
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, education.field_of_study, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Local health unit, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Target population, Vaccination, Medicine, education, business, Demography
Abstract: Introduction The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine Vaxzevria is a viral-vector vaccine developed to prevent COVID-19 infection. Two doses scored 81.3% efficacy against symptomatic infection and 100% against hospitalization. In Italy, Vaxzevria use started in February. After two deaths among the Army, Italian Medicines Agency withdrawn the vaccine batch involved. News about fatal thrombosis increased, together with population concern. On March 14th, the Piedmont Region suspended another batch following a new time-related death. The following day, several European states suspended Vaxzevria administration waiting for indication from an EMA meeting on March 18th. The aim of Authors was to study the effect of suspension on adhesion among general population. Methods Authors registered vaccine adhesion of vaccination centers offering Vaxzevria. To access vaccination, people was requested to express willingness through a website. Then, access was granted with a summoning SMS or e-mail. Vaxzevria target populations were members of law enforcement agencies and school personnel of any age. Data from February 25th to April 12th form a Local Healthcare Unit in Piedmont Region (Italy). Results Vaccine adhesion ranged from 95 to 100% from February 25th to March 12th (mean 97%). During March 13th it decreased to 73%, then 48% on March 14th, the day of local withdraw of all Vaxzevria doses in Piedmont Region. Activity restarted on March 19th with a 65% of adhesion, and a mean of 75% (69-81%) in the following days. From March 24th-31th adhesion recovered, with a mean 89%. April 1st-12th recorded a plateau: 81-100%, mean 91%. From March 13th a total of 1478 people out of 8339 (17.7%) did not receive their scheduled vaccination. Conclusions Both news and official statements had an impact on trust and vaccine adhesion among population and dramatically slowed the COVID-19 vaccine campaign, with a possible effect on infection spreading. Further data and analysis will be provided in the following months. Key messages Vaxzevria temporary suspension had an impact on vaccine adhesion. Vaccine adhesion took one month to go back to previous values.
Published: 2021

20. Search for Spectral Irregularities due to Photon–Axionlike-Particle Oscillations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: M. Ajello, A. Albert, B. Anderson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, M. Caragiulo, P. A. Caraveo, C. Cecchi, A. Chekhtman, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, F. Costanza, F. D’Ammando, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, R. Desiante, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, P. S. Drell, C. Favuzzi, W. B. Focke, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, S. Guiriec, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, M. Katsuragawa, S. Kensei, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, L. Li, F. Longo, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, M. Mayer, M. N. Mazziotta, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, N. Mirabal, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, M. Negro, E. Nuss, C. Okada, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, G. Pivato, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, M. Sánchez-Conde, C. Sgrò, D. Simone, E. J. Siskind, F. Spada, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Takahashi, J. B. Thayer, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, E. Troja, Y. Uchiyama, K. S. Wood, M. Wood, G. Zaharijas, and S. Zimmer
Published: 2016
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21. Resolving the Extragalacticγ-Ray Background above 50 GeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Albert, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, J. Bregeon, R. J. Britto, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, M. Caragiulo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, J. Chiang, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. R. Cominsky, F. Costanza, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, R. Desiante, S. W. Digel, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, P. S. Drell, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, P. Giommi, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, G. Godfrey, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, G. Iafrate, T. Jogler, G. Jóhannesson, M. Kuss, G. La Mura, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, L. Li, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, J. Magill, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, M. Mayer, M. N. Mazziotta, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, M. Negro, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, C. Okada, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, G. Pivato, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, R. W. Romani, M. Sánchez-Conde, J. Schmid, A. Schulz, C. Sgrò, D. Simone, E. J. Siskind, F. Spada, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Takahashi, J. B. Thayer, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, E. Troja, G. Vianello, M. Yassine, and S. Zimmer
Published: 2016
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22. Measurement of the high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Moon with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Albert, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, M. Caragiulo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, A. Chekhtman, J. Chiang, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, F. Costanza, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, R. Desiante, S. W. Digel, L. Di Venere, P. S. Drell, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, W. B. Focke, A. Franckowiak, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, X. Hou, G. Iafrate, G. Jóhannesson, T. Kamae, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, L. Li, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, J. Magill, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, M. Mayer, M. N. Mazziotta, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, S. Murgia, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, G. Pivato, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, F. Spada, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Takahashi, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, E. Troja, G. Vianello, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, M. Yassine, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, and P. R. Sala
Published: 2016
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23. Fermi Large Area Telescope Performance After 10 Years Of Operation

Author: Soebur Razzaque, R. Buehler, T. A. Porter, J. Li, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, L. Tibaldo, F. Piron, Denis Bastieri, N. Saggini, N. Di Lalla, G. Tosti, Dario Gasparrini, Francesco Longo, A. Fiori, Stefan Larsson, J. G. Thayer, Ioannis Liodakis, F. Fana Dirirsa, W. B. Atwood, Luca Baldini, J. S. Perkins, M. Ceccanti, Alessandro Brez, D. Serini, Sylvain Guiriec, Stefano Ciprini, Mn Mazziotta, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, G. Foglia, M. Razzano, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, J. Bregeon, Sina Chen, L. Di Venere, Michele Pinchera, T. J. Johnson, Seth Digel, Elliott D. Bloom, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, M.-H. Grondin, F. Gargano, Hiroyasu Tajima, R. Primavera, Ronaldo Bellazzini, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, E. Orlando, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Marco Ajello, E. Rapposelli, Roopesh Ojha, Denise A. Smith, E. Hays, P. M. Saz Parkinson, E. J. Siskind, G. Principe, Manuel Meyer, P. Fusco, N. Menon, Diego F. Torres, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, J. Valverde, Matthew Kerr, Elisabetta Bissaldi, H. Poon, M. Orienti, S. Buson, Vaidehi S. Paliya, D. J. Thompson, D. Fabiani, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, Magnus Axelsson, A. Reimer, Massimo Minuti, S. Maldera, J. J. Russell, Warit Mitthumsiri, R. Bagagli, S. Griffin, F. D'Ammando, T. Kamae, G. Martí-Devesa, Z. Pei, E. Cavazzuti, E. Nuss, David Paneque, P. Spinelli, T. Glanzman, M. Bagni, F. de Palma, Alessandro Paccagnella, M. Kuss, Aaron Dominguez, M. Mongelli, Luca Latronico, Igor V. Moskalenko, Gloria Spandre, N. Scolieri, R. A. Cameron, G. Jóhannesson, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Alberto Manfreda, L. Vigiani, Bindu Rani, P. Bruel, Ismaël Cognard, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, P. de la Torre Luque, L. Guillemot, M. E. Monzani, F. Bellardi, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, David A. Green, I. Mereu, P. Caraveo, S. Cutini, D. J. Suson, C. C. Cheung, R. Bonino, P. Lubrano, M. Gustafsson, J. L. Racusin, M. Negro, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Bagni, M., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Ciprini, S., Cognard, I., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., D???ammando, F., de la Torre Luque, P., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Dirirsa, F., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Dom??nguez, A., Fabiani, D., Ferrara, E. C., Fiori, A., Foglia, G., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Griffin, S., Grondin, M. -H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., J??hannesson, G., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Kerr, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mart??-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Menon, N., Mereu, I., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Mongelli, M., Monzani, M. E., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paccagnella, A., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Primavera, R., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Rain??, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Rapposelli, E., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Russell, J. J., Saggini, N., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scolieri, N., Serini, D., Sgr??, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Valverde, J., Vigiani, L., and Zaharijas, G.
Subjects: Calibration (statistics), Gamma-ray telescopes, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Telescope, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Calibration, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy gamma-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 30 MeV to more than 300 GeV. We describe the performance of the instrument at the 10-year milestone. LAT performance remains well within the specifications defined during the planning phase, validating the design choices and supporting the compelling case to extend the duration of the Fermi mission. The details provided here will be useful when designing the next generation of high-energy gamma-ray observatories., 60 pages, 28 figures. Published in ApJS
Published: 2021

24. Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

Author: M. Ackermann, A. Albert, B. Anderson, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, M. Caragiulo, P. A. Caraveo, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, J. Chiang, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, R. Desiante, S. W. Digel, L. Di Venere, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, R. Essig, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, W. B. Focke, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, G. A. Gomez-Vargas, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, T. Jogler, G. Jóhannesson, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, L. Li, M. Llena Garde, F. Longo, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, D. Malyshev, M. Mayer, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, M. Meyer, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, S. Murgia, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, G. Pivato, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, S. Ritz, M. Sánchez-Conde, A. Schulz, N. Sehgal, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, F. Spada, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, L. Strigari, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, J. B. Thayer, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, E. Troja, G. Vianello, M. Werner, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, M. Wood, G. Zaharijas, and S. Zimmer
Published: 2015
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25. Cavezzo, the first Italian meteorite recovered by the PRISMA fireball network. Orbit, trajectory, and strewn-field

Author: C. A. Volpicelli, Enrico Cascone, M. Belluso, Stefano Basso, Riccardo Smareglia, Cyril Blanpain, A. Andreis, G. Monti, M. E. Bertaina, S. Masiero, Tonino Pisanu, G. Interrante, F. Lippolis, G. Tigani Sava, G. Valente, D. Barghini, Sonia Zorba, Alberto Buzzoni, V. Gagliarducci, M. Soldi, Fabio Manca, Cristina Knapic, Cristian Carli, M. Montesarchio, Giovanni Pratesi, S. Rubinetti, D. Licchelli, T. Avoscan, A. Misiano, D. Cricchio, F. Federici, P. Colombetti, M. Romeo, G. Ascione, Daniele Gardiol, Alberto Cellino, A. Gerardi, François Colas, M. Suvieri, F. Strafella, R. Di Luca, F. Bernardi, A. Nastasi, J. L. Rault, S. Jeanne, C. Simoncelli, R. Stanga, Monica Lazzarin, C. Romeni, C. Cattaneo, S. Rasetti, Albino Carbognani, A. Malgoyre, Jader Monari, P. Demaria, Carla Taricco, M. Tombelli, Gabriele Giuli, Giuseppe Leto, A. Di Dato, N. Rizzi, M. Di Carlo, R. Serra, A. Pegoraro, Sylvain Bouley, S. Pietronave, Matteo Albani, R. Baldini, D. Guidetti, F. Salvati, M. Montemaggi, G. D’Agostino, Elisa Londero, A. Zollo, Chiara Marmo, F. Mannucci, W. Riva, J. Vaubaillon, Brigitte Zanda, Mirel Birlan, M. Rigoni, P. Morini, Jérôme Gattacceca, U. Repetti, M. Pavone, R. Zagarella, G. Cremonese, S. Meucci, S. Lera, R. Bellitto, M. D’Elia, A. Balestrero, F. Affaticati, M. De Maio, T. Carriero, R. Masi, S. Mancuso, Giovanni B. Valsecchi, Emilio Molinari, N. Pugno, R. Salerno, R. Bonino, R. Pardini, Pierre Vernazza, P. Russo, A. Bussi, V. Moggi Cecchi, C. Benna, G. M. Stirpe, K. Boros, J. Lecubin, P. Bacci, Gabriele Umbriaco, M. Costa, D. Selvestrel, E. Pace, M. Di Martino, R. Vairetti, E. Colombi, L. Betti, P. Trivero, P. Volpini, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Gardiol, D., Barghini, D., Buzzoni, A., Carbognani, A., Di Carlo, M., Di Martino, M., Knapic, C., Londero, E., Pratesi, G., Rasetti, S., Riva, W., Salerno, R., Stirpe, G. M., Valsecchi, G. B., Volpicelli, C. A., Zorba, S., Colas, F., Zanda, B., Bouley, S., Jeanne, S., Malgoyre, A., Birlan, M., Blanpain, C., Gattacceca, J., Lecubin, J., Marmo, C., Rault, J. L., Vaubaillon, J., Vernazza, P., Affaticati, F., Albani, M., Andreis, A., Ascione, G., Avoscan, T., Bacci, P., Baldini, R., Balestrero, A., Basso, S., Bellitto, R., Belluso, M., Benna, C., Bernardi, F., Bertaina, M. E., Betti, L., Bonino, R., Boros, K., Bussi, A., Carli, C., Carriero, T., Cascone, E., Cattaneo, C., Cellino, A., Colombetti, P., Colombi, E., Costa, M., Cremonese, G., Cricchio, D., D'Agostino, G., D'Elia, M., De Maio, M., Demaria, P., Di Dato, A., Di Luca, R., Federici, F., Gagliarducci, V., Gerardi, A., Giuli, G., Guidetti, D., Interrante, G., Lazzarin, M., Lera, S., Leto, G., Licchelli, D., Lippolis, F., Manca, F., Mancuso, S., Mannucci, F., Masi, R., Masiero, S., Meucci, S., Misiano, A., Moggi Cecchi, V., Molinari, E., Monari, J., Montemaggi, M., Montesarchio, M., Monti, G., Morini, P., Nastasi, A., Pace, E., Pardini, R., Pavone, M., Pegoraro, A., Pietronave, S., Pisanu, T., Pugno, N., Repetti, U., Rigoni, M., Rizzi, N., Romeni, C., Romeo, M., Rubinetti, S., Russo, P., Salvati, F., Selvestrel, D., Serra, R., Simoncelli, C., Smareglia, R., Soldi, M., Stanga, R., Strafella, F., Suvieri, M., Taricco, C., Tigani Sava, G., Tombelli, M., Trivero, P., Umbriaco, G., Vairetti, R., Valente, G., Volpini, P., Zagarella, R., Zollo, A., Gardiol D., Barghini D., Buzzoni A., Carbognani A., Di Carlo M., Di Martino M., Knapic C., Londero E., Pratesi G., Rasetti S., Riva W., Salerno R., Stirpe G.M., Valsecchi G.B., Volpicelli C.A., Zorba S., Colas F., Zanda B., Bouley S., Jeanne S., Malgoyre A., Birlan M., Blanpain C., Gattacceca J., Lecubin J., Marmo C., Rault J.L., Vaubaillon J., Vernazza P., Affaticati F., Albani M., Andreis A., Ascione G., Avoscan T., Bacci P., Baldini R., Balestrero A., Basso S., Bellitto R., Belluso M., Benna C., Bernardi F., Bertaina M.E., Betti L., Bonino R., Boros K., Bussi A., Carli C., Carriero T., Cascone E., Cattaneo C., Cellino A., Colombetti P., Colombi E., Costa M., Cremonese G., Cricchio D., D'Agostino G., D'Elia M., De Maio M., Demaria P., Di Dato A., Di Luca R., Federici F., Gagliarducci V., Gerardi A., Giuli G., Guidetti D., Interrante G., Lazzarin M., Lera S., Leto G., Licchelli D., Lippolis F., Manca F., Mancuso S., Mannucci F., Masi R., Masiero S., Meucci S., Misiano A., Moggi Cecchi V., Molinari E., Monari J., Montemaggi M., Montesarchio M., Monti G., Morini P., Nastasi A., Pace E., Pardini R., Pavone M., Pegoraro A., Pietronave S., Pisanu T., Pugno N., Repetti U., Rigoni M., Rizzi N., Romeni C., Romeo M., Rubinetti S., Russo P., Salvati F., Selvestrel D., Serra R., Simoncelli C., Smareglia R., Soldi M., Stanga R., Strafella F., Suvieri M., Taricco C., Tigani Sava G., Tombelli M., Trivero P., Umbriaco G., Vairetti R., Valente G., Volpini P., Zagarella R., Zollo A., and ITA
Subjects: meteoroids -methods: data analysis -techniques: image processing, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Strewn field, meteorites, 0103 physical sciences, meteors, meteoroids, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, meteoroid, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Meteoroid, image processing, methods: data analysis, techniques, meteor, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, meteorite, Meteorite, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], data analysi [methods], Trajectory, Orbit (control theory)
Abstract: Two meteorite pieces have been recovered in Italy, near the town of Cavezzo (Modena), on 2020 January 4th. The associated fireball was observed on the evening of New Year’s Day 2020 by eight all-sky cameras of the PRISMA fireball network, a partner of FRIPON. The computed trajectory had an inclination angle of approximately 68° and a velocity at infinity of 12.8 km s−1. Together with the relatively low terminal height, estimated as 21.5 km, those values were indicating the significant possibility of a meteorite dropping event, as additionally confirmed by the non-zero residual total mass. The strewn-field was computed taking into account the presence of two bright light flashes, revealing that the meteoroid had been very likely subject to fragmentation. Three days after the event, two samples, weighing 3.1 and 52.2 g, were collected as a result of a dedicated field search and thanks to the involvement of the local people. The two pieces were immediately recognized as freshly fallen fragments of meteorite. The computed orbital elements, compared with the ones of known Near-Earth Asteroids from the NEODyS database, are compatible with one asteroid only; 2013 VC10. The estimated original mass of the meteoroid, 3.5 kg, and size, approximately 13 cm, is so far the smallest among the current 35 cases in which meteorites were recovered from precise strewn-field computation thanks to observational data. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of accurate processing of fireball network data even on challenging events generated by small size meteoroids.
Published: 2021

26. First fermi-LAT solar flare catalog

Author: Sara Buson, F. D'Ammando, T. A. Porter, L. Di Venere, S. Rainò, F. Piron, Yasushi Fukazawa, J. W. Hewitt, J. Li, Luca Baldini, E. J. Siskind, Marcello Giroletti, S. Maldera, D. Gasparrini, P. Lubrano, P. Fusco, Sylvain Guiriec, F. Fana Dirirsa, Seb. Funk, E. Cavazzuti, Gloria Spandre, Nicola Omodei, Mn Mazziotta, P. F. Michelson, S. J. Fegan, Soebur Razzaque, E. Hays, Ferdinando Giordano, M. N. Lovellette, D. Costantin, Carmelo Sgrò, F. Longo, Marco Ajello, K. S. Wood, F. de Palma, E. Troja, T. Mizuno, Regina Caputo, G. Zaharijas, F. Gargano, David Paneque, N. Di Lalla, Elisabetta Bissaldi, D. Green, R. Rando, C. C. Cheung, J. Valverde, Bindu Rani, M. Kuss, Luca Latronico, D. Tak, D. Bastieri, R. Bonino, G. Jóhannesson, E. Orlando, M. Negro, A. Berretta, A. Reimer, Z. Pei, G. Chiaro, P. Spinelli, M. E. Monzani, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Vahé Petrosian, Giacomo Principe, D. Serini, Alberto Manfreda, S. Larsson, Massimo Persic, M. Orienti, M. Razzano, Miloš Kovačević, A. Morselli, R. A. Cameron, G. Martí-Devesa, P. Bruel, S. Cutini, R. Desiante, J. L. Racusin, I. Mereu, Roger Blandford, Igor V. Moskalenko, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, R. Bellazzini, Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berretta, A., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Cavazzuti, E., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Desiante, R., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Fana Dirirsa, F., Fegan, S. J., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Johannesson, G., Kovac'Evic, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Serini, D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tak, D., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Wood, K., Zaharijas, G., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), D???ammando, F., de Palma, F., J??hannesson, G., Kovac???evic???, M., Mart??-Devesa, G., Rain??, S., and Sgr??, C.
Subjects: Solar gamma-ray emission, Gamma-ray telescopes, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Astrophysics, Solar flares, Gamma-ray sources, Catalogs, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, education.field_of_study, Solar flare, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar flares, Solar gamma-ray emission, Gamma-ray sources, Gamma-ray telescopes, Catalogs, Solar physics, Light curve, Solar cycle, Gamma-ray source, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Gamma-ray telescope, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Flare
Abstract: We present the first Fermi - Large Area Telescope (LAT) solar flare catalog covering the 24 th solar cycle. This catalog contains 45 Fermi -LAT solar flares (FLSFs) with emission in the gamma-ray energy band (30 MeV - 10 GeV) detected with a significance greater than 5 sigma over the years 2010-2018. A subsample containing 37 of these flares exhibit delayed emission beyond the prompt-impulsive hard X-ray phase with 21 flares showing delayed emission lasting more than two hours. No prompt-impulsive emission is detected in four of these flares. We also present in this catalog the observations of GeV emission from 3 flares originating from Active Regions located behind the limb (BTL) of the visible solar disk. We report the light curves, spectra, best proton index and localization (when possible) for all the FLSFs. The gamma-ray spectra is consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons. This work contains the largest sample of high-energy gamma-ray flares ever reported and provides the unique opportunity to perform population studies on the different phases of the flare and thus allowing to open a new window in solar physics.
Published: 2021

27. The Fermi Masterclass Online Edition 2020

Author: S. Rainò, F. Loparco, Sara Cutini, Francesco Longo, D. Serini, F. Gargano, Luca Latronico, P. Lubrano, Leonardo Di Venere, P. Fusco, M. N. Mazziotta, D. Gasparrini, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Francesco de Palma, R. Bonino, and Isabella Mereu
Subjects: Outreach, Event (computing), Political science, Library science, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The Fermi Masterclass is an international outreach event designed to give high-school students the unique opportunity to discover the world of High-Energy Astrophysics. Since 2017, following analogous experiences previously proposed mostly in France, various Italian universities and research institutes, guided by the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), organized a "full immersion" day of dedicated lectures and exercises in which students analysed real data collected by the LAT experiment aboard the Fermi satellite. Over the years, foreign institutes from Slovenia, Sweden and the U.S. also joined the effort, giving the students the unique opportunity to interact with each other as in real international collaborations. The 4$^{th}$ edition of the Fermi Masterclass was scheduled to take place in April 2020. However, due to the pandemic emergency, the Masterclass was initially postponed, and finally took place as an online edition on December 10th, 2020. Here we present the structure and organization of this first virtual event, including an interactive part of exercises accessible to the students through dedicated web platforms.
Published: 2021

28. Gamma Rays from Fast Black-hole Winds

Author: M. Razzano, Francesco Longo, J. Zrake, S. Buson, Junyao Li, A. Franckowiak, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Diego F. Torres, N. Di Lalla, Luca Baldini, Aaron Dominguez, M. E. Monzani, Sylvain Guiriec, Mn Mazziotta, C. Karwin, Alberto Manfreda, Bindu Rani, Denis Bastieri, Nicola Omodei, F. D'Ammando, G. Jóhannesson, P. M. Saz Parkinson, A. Desai, S. Marchesi, D. Costantin, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, M. Orienti, Marco Ajello, Damiano Caprioli, A. Berretta, Sina Chen, A. Reimer, Igor V. Moskalenko, Olaf Reimer, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, Miloš Kovačević, Z. Pei, A. Morselli, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Rebecca Diesing, Stefan Larsson, J. L. Racusin, David Paneque, G. Chiaro, M. Kuss, Vaidehi S. Paliya, P. Spinelli, L. Marcotulli, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Maldera, P. Fusco, G. Martí-Devesa, F. de Palma, Francesco Giordano, M. Negro, Dario Gasparrini, J. Ballet, Roger Blandford, I. Mereu, F. Loparco, Matthew Kerr, E. Orlando, S. J. Fegan, Dieter H. Hartmann, S. Cutini, David A. Green, Stefan Funk, D. Horan, George Chartas, Massimo Persic, Regina Caputo, Ronaldo Bellazzini, D. Serini, R. A. Cameron, Nicola Giglietto, P. Lubrano, I. A. Grenier, Guido Barbiellini, P. Bruel, D. Tak, M. N. Lovellette, Ioannis Liodakis, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Yasushi Fukazawa, Gabrijela Zaharijas, K. S. Wood, E. Troja, Elliott D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. J. Siskind, D. J. Suson, Luca Latronico, C. C. Cheung, P. de la Torre Luque, F. Gargano, E. Cavazzuti, Gloria Spandre, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, M. Lemoine-Goumard, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berretta, A., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caprioli, D., Caputo, R., Cavazzuti, E., Chartas, G., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De La Torre Luque, P., De Palma, F., Desai, A., Diesing, R., Di Lalla, N., Dirirsa, F., Di Venere, L., Dominguez, A., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hartmann, D., Horan, D., Johannesson, G., Karwin, C., Kerr, M., Kovacevic, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marchesi, S., Marcotulli, L., Marti-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paliya, V., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Rain, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Serini, D., Sgr, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tak, D., Torres, D. F., Troja, E., Wood, K., Zaharijas, G., Zrake, J., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), D???ammando, F., de la Torre Luque, P., de Palma, F., Dom??nguez, A., J??hannesson, G., Kova??evi??, M., Mart??-Devesa, G., Rain??, S., and Sgr??, C.
Subjects: Physics, Active galactic nuclei, Black hole, Black holes, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxies, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxie, Space and Planetary Science, Galactic winds, Galactic Winds, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gamma-rays, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Massive black holes at the centers of galaxies can launch powerful wide-angle winds that, if sustained over time, can unbind the gas from the stellar bulges of galaxies. These winds may be responsible for the observed scaling relation between the masses of the central black holes and the velocity dispersion of stars in galactic bulges. Propagating through the galaxy, the wind should interact with the interstellar medium creating a strong shock, similar to those observed in supernovae explosions, which is able to accelerate charged particles to high energies. In this work we use data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope to search for the γ-ray emission from galaxies with an ultrafast outflow (UFO): a fast (v ∼ 0.1 c), highly ionized outflow, detected in absorption at hard X-rays in several nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN). Adopting a sensitive stacking analysis we are able to detect the average γ-ray emission from these galaxies and exclude that it is due to processes other than UFOs. Moreover, our analysis shows that the γ-ray luminosity scales with the AGN bolometric luminosity and that these outflows transfer ∼0.04% of their mechanical power to γ-rays. Interpreting the observed γ-ray emission as produced by cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated at the shock front, we find that the γ-ray emission may attest to the onset of the wind-host interaction and that these outflows can energize charged particles up to the transition region between galactic and extragalactic CRs., Ajello, M., et al., M.A. and C.K. acknowledge support from NSF and NASA through grants AST-1715256, 80NSSC21K1915, and 80NSSC18K1718. R.D. and D.C. acknowledge the Eugene & Niesje Parker Fellowship Fund, NASA (grants NNX17AG30G, 80NSSC18K1218, and 80NSSC18K1726) and the NSF (grants AST-1714658, AST-1909778). G.C. acknowledges financial support from NASA grants 80NSSC20K0438 and 80NSSC19K095.
Published: 2021

29. Design, construction, and test of the Gas Pixel Detectors for the IXPE mission

Author: Carlo Magazzu, E. Del Monte, Paolo Sarra, Alessandro Brez, Alessandra Marrocchesi, Elisa D'Alba, A. Rubini, Rita Carpentiero, Takao Kitaguchi, Luca Cavalli, Guido Magazzu, John Rankin, Alfredo Morbidini, S. Nenonen, E. Cavazzuti, Fabio Borotto, C. Oppedisano, Marco Marengo, Gloria Spandre, Federico Mosti, Francesco Zanetti, Primo Attina, Sergio Fabiani, E. Scalise, Barbara Negri, Michele Pinchera, Francesco Santoli, Simonetta Puccetti, Ciro Caporale, F. La Monaca, Saverio Citraro, R. Bonino, Fabrizio Amici, Fei Xie, F. Muleri, Paolo Lorenzi, Luca Latronico, Leonardo Orsini, Marcello Tardiola, Antonino Tobia, Matteo Bachetti, Mauro Centrone, Allyn F. Tennant, Alessandro Profeti, Claudia Cardelli, Alberto Manfreda, S. Di Cosimo, P. Soffitta, Daniele Brienza, Raffaele Piazzolla, Wayne H. Baumgartner, S. Maldera, Andrea Sciortino, M. Perri, Carlo Lefevre, Ajay Ratheesh, Steve O'Dell, N. Di Lalla, Luca Baldini, Maura Pilia, Elio Mangraviti, Marco Castronuovo, Alessio Trois, Fabio D'Amico, Alessio Nuti, Paolo Mereu, A. Di Marco, K. Uchiyama, Leonardo Lucchesi, D. Zanetti, Giorgio Matt, Enrico Costa, Martin C. Weisskopf, Y. Zhou, Toshio Nakano, Marco Vimercati, S. Pieraccini, Ronaldo Bellazzini, R. Ferrazzoli, T. Meilahti, Toru Tamagawa, Pasqualino Loffredo, Massimo Minuti, G. Di Persio, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Carmelo Sgrò, S. Castellano, Hikmat Nasimi, Hans Andersson, Brian D. Ramsey, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Ceccanti, M. Barbanera, Baldini, L., Barbanera, M., Bellazzini, R., Bonino, R., Borotto, F., Brez, A., Caporale, C., Cardelli, C., Castellano, S., Ceccanti, M., Citraro, S., Di Lalla, N., Latronico, L., Lucchesi, L., Magazzu, C., Magazzu, G., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marengo, M., Marrocchesi, A., Mereu, P., Minuti, M., Mosti, F., Nasimi, H., Nuti, A., Oppedisano, C., Orsini, L., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pinchera, M., Profeti, A., Sgro, C., Spandre, G., Tardiola, M., Zanetti, D., Amici, F., Andersson, H., Attina, P., Bachetti, M., Baumgartner, W., Brienza, D., Carpentiero, R., Castronuovo, M., Cavalli, L., Cavazzuti, E., Centrone, M., Costa, E., D'Alba, E., D'Amico, F., Del Monte, E., Di Cosimo, S., Di Marco, A., Di Persio, G., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Fabiani, S., Ferrazzoli, R., Kitaguchi, T., La Monaca, F., Lefevre, C., Loffredo, P., Lorenzi, P., Mangraviti, E., Matt, G., Meilahti, T., Morbidini, A., Muleri, F., Nakano, T., Negri, B., Nenonen, S., O'Dell, S. L., Perri, M., Piazzolla, R., Pieraccini, S., Pilia, M., Puccetti, S., Ramsey, B. D., Rankin, J., Ratheesh, A., Rubini, A., Santoli, F., Sarra, P., Scalise, E., Sciortino, A., Soffitta, P., Tamagawa, T., Tennant, A. F., Tobia, A., Trois, A., Uchiyama, K., Vimercati, M., Weisskopf, M. C., Xie, F., Zanetti, F., and Zhou, Y.
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pixel, Emphasis (telecommunications), Detector, Gas detectors, X-ray polarimetry, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Dead time, X-ray polarimetry Gas detectors, Noise (electronics), Cardinal point, Application-specific integrated circuit, Gas detector, Electronic engineering, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: Due to be launched in late 2021, the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a NASA Small Explorer mission designed to perform polarization measurements in the 2-8 keV band, complemented with imaging, spectroscopy and timing capabilities. At the heart of the focal plane is a set of three polarization-sensitive Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD), each based on a custom ASIC acting as a charge-collecting anode. In this paper we shall review the design, manufacturing, and test of the IXPE focal-plane detectors, with particular emphasis on the connection between the science drivers, the performance metrics and the operational aspects. We shall present a thorough characterization of the GPDs in terms of effective noise, trigger efficiency, dead time, uniformity of response, and spectral and polarimetric performance. In addition, we shall discuss in detail a number of instrumental effects that are relevant for high-level science analysis -- particularly as far as the response to unpolarized radiation and the stability in time are concerned., Comment: To be published in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2021

30. Simulations studies for the Mini-EUSO detector

Author: P. Gorodetzky, R. Bonino, Guillaume Prévôt, Francesco Fenu, F. Capel, L.W. Piotrowski, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, P. Picozza, Matteo Battisti, P. Klimov, Marco Mignone, Alexander S. Belov, Christer Fugelsang, Francesca Bisconti, G. Suino, M. Bertaina, Naoto Sakaki, Raffaella Bonino, Dario Barghini, Gregorio Suino, Fumiyoshi Kajino, Mario E. Bertaina, A. Belov, Zbigniew Plebaniak, L. Marcelli, F. Bisconti, Jacek Szabelski, H. Miyamoto, J. Szabelski, M. Casolino, E. Parizot, Igor Churilo, G. Prevôt, Hiroko Miyamoto, G. Cambiè, I. Churilo, Laura Marcelli, C. Fuglesang, Kenji Shinozaki, Y. Takizawa, M. Mignone, Lech Piotrowski, Pavel Klimov, Marco Ricci, F. Kajino, N. Sakaki, M. Manfrin, Wlodzimierz Marszal, Marco Casolino, T. Ebisuzaki, Alessio Golzio, M. Ricci, A. Golzio, W. Marszal, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, K. Shinozaki, E. Reali, Enzo Reali, F. Fenu, Massimo Manfrin, Z. Plebaniak, Francesca Capel, Piergiorgio Picozza, Yoshiyuki Takizawa, Philippe Gorodetzky, Etienne Parizot, Giorgio Cambiè, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and JEM-EUSO
Subjects: Physics, Meteoroid, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Detector, satellite, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, parametrization, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, showers, calibration, Computational physics, International Space Station, Physics::Space Physics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, cosmic radiation: UHE, spectrometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Energy (signal processing), Space debris
Abstract: International audience; Mini-EUSO is a mission of the JEM-EUSO program flying onboard the International Space Station since August 2019. Since the first data acquisition in October 2019, more than 35 sessions have been performed for a total of 52 hours of observations. The detector has been observing Earth at night-time in the UV range and detected a wide variety of transient sources all of which have been modeled through Monte Carlo simulations. Mini-EUSO is also capable of detecting meteors and potentially space debris and we performed simulations for such events to estimatetheir impact on future missions for cosmic ray science from space. We show here examples of the simulation work done in this framework to analyze the Mini-EUSO data. The expected response of Mini-EUSO with respect to ultra high energy cosmic ray showers has been studied. The efficiency curve of Mini-EUSO as a function of primary energy has been estimated and the energy threshold for Cosmic Rays has been placed to be above $10^{21}$ eV. We compared the morphology of several transient events detected during the mission with cosmic ray simulations and excluded that they can be due to cosmic ray showers. To validate the energy threshold of the detector, asystem of ground based flashers is being used for end-to-end calibration purposes. We therefore implemented a parameterization of such flashers into the JEM-EUSO simulation framework and studied the response of the detector with respect to such sources.
Published: 2021
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31. Updated search for spectral lines from Galactic dark matter interactions with pass 8 data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Albert, B. Anderson, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, S. Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, M. Caragiulo, P. A. Caraveo, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, J. Chiang, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, R. Desiante, S. W. Digel, L. Di Venere, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, G. Godfrey, G. A. Gomez-Vargas, I. A. Grenier, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, J. W. Hewitt, A. B. Hill, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, R. P. Johnson, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, L. Li, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, D. Malyshev, M. Mayer, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, S. Murgia, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, G. Pivato, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, M. Sánchez-Conde, A. Schulz, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, F. Spada, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, J. B. Thayer, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, E. Troja, G. Vianello, M. Werner, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, M. Wood, G. Zaharijas, and S. Zimmer
Published: 2015
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32. The Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: Michael Kreter, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, Leonid Petrov, E. Nuss, M. Kuss, Nicola Omodei, M. Orienti, Diego F. Torres, M. Yassine, E. Hays, Francesco Massaro, G. Jóhannesson, L. S. Ojha, S. Harita, Frank K. Schinzel, Marco Ajello, E. Orlando, S. Maldera, B. Lott, R. Itoh, Jean Ballet, S. Garrappa, G. Martí-Devesa, F. Piron, G. M. Madejski, Francesco Longo, Manuel Meyer, Eleonora Torresi, R. Bonino, Giacomo Principe, Stefano Ciprini, J. Li, E. Troja, Marcello Giroletti, Nestor Mirabal, A. Reimer, Stefan Funk, P. van Zyl, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Eugenio Bottacini, J. F. Ormes, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, Elliott D. Bloom, C. Leto, F. Fana Dirirsa, N. Di Lalla, C. C. Cheung, J. Valverde, Stefan Larsson, Sylvain Guiriec, Alberto Manfreda, Denis Bastieri, Z. Pei, A. Morselli, Igor V. Moskalenko, Soebur Razzaque, P. de la Torre Luque, Mn Mazziotta, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, Olaf Reimer, Justin D. Finke, I. A. Grenier, M. Razzano, F. de Palma, Filippo D'Ammando, D. J. Suson, D. Costantin, Nicola Giglietto, Yutaro Tachibana, Vaidehi S. Paliya, F. Loparco, R. Angioni, E. Cavazzuti, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, J. Becerra González, H. Poon, Gloria Spandre, E. J. Siskind, Giulia Migliori, Aaron Dominguez, Elisabetta Bissaldi, R. A. Cameron, David A. Green, Rodrigo Nemmen, D. J. Thompson, D. Horan, P. Bruel, Magnus Axelsson, R. de Menezes, Anna Franckowiak, S. Buson, Ioannis Liodakis, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Yasushi Fukazawa, P. Spinelli, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Francesco Giordano, Fabio Cafardo, Bindu Rani, Dario Gasparrini, Felicia Krauss, Abhishek Desai, Sina Chen, L. Di Venere, Roopesh Ojha, H. A. Peña-Herazo, Massimo Persic, D. Serini, Guido Barbiellini, I. Mereu, S. Cutini, M. E. Monzani, M. Negro, Miloš Kovačević, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Commissariat à l'Ènergie Atomique et aux Ènergies Alternatives (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (Japan), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Swedish National Space Board, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Ajello, M., Angioni, R., Axelsson, M., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Cafardo, F., Cameron, R. A., Cavazzuti, E., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Ciprini, S., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De La Torre Luque, P., De Menezes, R., De Palma, F., Desai, A., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Dominguez, A., Dirirsa, F. F., Ferrara, E. C., Finke, J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Garrappa, S., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Harita, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Itoh, R., Johannesson, G., Kovac'Evic', M., Krauss, F., Kreter, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Leto, C., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Massaro, F., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Meyer, M., Migliori, G., Mirabal, N., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ojha, L. S., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paliya, V. S., Pei, Z., Peña-Herazo, H., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrov, L., Piron, F., Poon, H., Principe, G., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Schinzel, F. K., Serini, D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tachibana, Y., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Van Zyl, P., Yassine, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and 33379009 - Kreter, Michael
Subjects: galaxies [Gamma rays], Astrophysics, Blazar, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, observations [Gamma rays], Spitzer Space Telescope, Astrophysical jet, law, Relativistic jet, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quasar, Physics, education.field_of_study, Galaxies: active, Quasars: general, Gamma rays: galaxies, Gamma-ray source, BL Lacertae objects, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Active galactic nucleus, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, BL Lacertae objetcs: general, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Gamma rays: observations, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, Active galactic nuclei, Blazars, Gamma-ray sources, Relativistic jets, Quasars, education, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [Quasars], Astronomy and Astrophysics, general [BL Lacertae objetcs], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Galaxies: jets, Space and Planetary Science, jets [Galaxies], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (4LAC) between 2008 August 4 and 2016 August 2 contains 2863 objects located at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 10°). It includes 85% more sources than the previous 3LAC catalog based on 4 yr of data. AGNs represent at least 79% of the high-latitude sources in the fourth Fermi-Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), which covers the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV. In addition, 344 gamma-ray AGNs are found at low Galactic latitudes. Most of the 4LAC AGNs are blazars (98%), while the remainder are other types of AGNs. The blazar population consists of 24% Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), 38% BL Lac-type objects, and 38% blazar candidates of unknown types (BCUs). On average, FSRQs display softer spectra and stronger variability in the gamma-ray band than BLQLacs do, confirming previous findings. All AGNs detected by ground-based atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes are also found in the 4LAC., The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat `a l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucl´eaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE- AC02-76SF00515. This research has made use of data obtained from the high-energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) provided by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center; the SIMBAD database operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of data archives, catalogs and software tools from the ASDC, a facility managed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Part of this work is based on the NVSS (NRAO VLA Sky Survey). The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington.
Published: 2020

33. Erratum: First Fermi-LAT Solar Flare Catalog (2021, ApJS, 252, 13)

Author: E. Hays, G. Jóhannesson, M. Orienti, G. Zaharijas, G. Martí-Devesa, S. Larsson, Massimo Persic, Carmelo Sgrò, Luca Latronico, M. N. Lovellette, E. Troja, E. Orlando, David Paneque, S. Rainò, M. Kuss, Vahé Petrosian, R. Desiante, F. D'Ammando, Giacomo Principe, M. Negro, Miloš Kovačević, D. Green, Sara Buson, J. W. Hewitt, Yasushi Fukazawa, P. Spinelli, Seb. Funk, F. de Palma, J. Li, D. Bastieri, Marcello Giroletti, T. A. Porter, Regina Caputo, A. Morselli, S. Maldera, Luca Baldini, R. A. Cameron, E. Cavazzuti, Nicola Omodei, M. E. Monzani, D. Serini, T. Mizuno, P. Bruel, Gloria Spandre, Marco Ajello, R. Bonino, D. Tak, P. Fusco, Z. Pei, S. Cutini, Sylvain Guiriec, Igor V. Moskalenko, N. Di Lalla, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, R. Bellazzini, F. Piron, R. Rando, Mn Mazziotta, P. F. Michelson, L. Di Venere, G. Chiaro, D. Gasparrini, C. C. Cheung, P. Lubrano, S. J. Fegan, J. L. Racusin, Ferdinando Giordano, D. Costantin, Soebur Razzaque, J. Valverde, Elisabetta Bissaldi, I. Mereu, Roger Blandford, A. Berretta, A. Reimer, F. Longo, Alberto Manfreda, M. Razzano, F. Gargano, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, E. J. Siskind, F. Fana Dirirsa, Bindu Rani, and K. S. Wood
Subjects: Physics, Solar flare, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Published: 2021

34. Identifying clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared satellite data

Author: M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, A. Saftoiu, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. T. Garcia Roca, B. Gookin, D. Melo, David Walz, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, M. Niechciol, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Segreto, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, I. Rodriguez Cabo, B. Sarkar, J. L. Navarro, M. Videla, J. C. Diaz, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, Petr Schovanek, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, C. Aramo, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Y. Guardincerri, G. Müller, J.M. Chirinos, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Bruno Daniel, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Garcia-Pinto, Radomir Smida, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, R. Gaior, S. H. Cheng, Heino Falcke, B. Tome, L. Buroker, J. Knapp, R. Bonino, J. Vicha, G. Wieczorek, A. Lopez Agüera, F. Diogo, F. Suarez, Sergio Dasso, T. Niggemann, R. M. de Almeida, P. Allison, A. Tapia, G. Cocciolo, H. Gemmeke, C. Rühle, V. de Souza, M. Unger, H. Wahlberg, L. Nellen, B. Zamorano Garcia, M. Buscemi, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, M. S. A. B. Leão, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, R. M. Kieckhafer, C. Jarne, M. Tueros, J. Rautenberg, B. Revenu, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, O. Wainberg, I.M. Brancus, D. Huber, S. Westerhoff, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, W. C. Brown, A. Nelles, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, M. A. Muller, Lu Lu, G. Marsella, D. Martraire, S. Gambetta, Peter L. Biermann, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, B. Mitrica, M. Ludwig, J. Rosado, A. van Vliet, A. Tonachini, L. Nožka, A. Weindl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, P. Brogueira, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, B. Keilhauer, V. H. Ponce, S. J. Sciutto, J. Schovancova, Paolo Privitera, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, H.O. Klages, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Kruppke-Hansen, B. Wundheiler, R. Krause, Gregory R Snow, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Oliveira, M. Ave, E. Trovato, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Corbin Covault, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Azadeh Keivani, A. P. Ferguson, R. Alves Batista, C. Baus, A. Aminaei, Y. Petrov, J. Gitto, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, Lino Miramonti, Vincenzo Rizi, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Paul Sommers, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, P. Gouffon, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Risse, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, Jing Zhou, G. Toma, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, L. R. Wiencke, T. A. Harrison, A. Porcelli, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, B. D. Fox, N. T. Thao, G. Parente, A. Gorgi, V. Marin, J. Espadanal, M. Palatka, P. W. Younk, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Pieroni, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, Nataliia Borodai, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Alejandro Almela, S. van Velzen, E. Menichetti, G. Matthiae, G. Varner, H. Spinka, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, I. M. Pepe, J. Oehlschläger, A. F. Barbosa, Maria Rita Coluccia, Miguel Mostafá, Dusan Mandat, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, P. Gonçalves, N. Palmieri, Markus Ahlers, J. K. Kulbartz, H. Rivera, E. Varela, N. Griffith, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, R. E. Burton, S. Jiraskova, T. Rossler, J. D. Swain, A. Menshikov, J. C. Marin, H. Schieler, A. Zepeda, R. Ulrich, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, E. M. Santos, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Carola Dobrigkeit, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, I. Katkov, Javier Tiffenberg, J. Allen, E. Mayotte, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, P. Wahrlich, K. Louedec, J. Pȩkala, Mariangela Settimo, Iván Sidelnik, Alexey Yushkov, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, K. Weidenhaupt, J. Kleinfeller, Jose Chinellato, Alan Watson, M. I. Micheletti, T. Huege, A. Parra, S. J. De Jong, I. Zaw, O. Fratu, H. Cook, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, P. Lautridou, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, Bruce R. Dawson, Y. N. Srivastava, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, A. Widom, D. LaHurd, F. Werner, P.O. Mazur, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, Elton J. G. Santos, K. Link, M. Prouza, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, Rúben Conceição, P. Abreu, M. Josebachuili, D. Ravignani, Miroslav Hrabovský, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R. F. Gamarra, A. Haungs, J. Neuser, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, E. J. Ahn, A. Letessier-Selvon, L. Molina-Bueno, E. Kemp, S. Le Coz, Luis A. Anchordoqui, J. L. Harton, D. Monnier Ragaigne, Lorenzo Cazon, S. Maldera, C. Pfendner, I. A. Minaya, A. Bellétoile, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, O. Krömer, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, N. Pacheco, Lukas Middendorf, M. Platino, G. Navarra, J. Bäuml, C. E. Santo, Francisco J. Blanco, Johannes Schulz, G. Golup, N. Kunka, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Pimenta, C. A. Moura, Brian Fick, H. Blümer, Balázs Kégl, Moritz Münchmeyer, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, Christopher B. Williams, G. C. Hill, M. Zimbres Silva, T. Šuša, I. C. Mariş, Ralph Engel, M. Plum, E. Petermann, D. Nitz, J. Stapleton, Miroslav Pech, J. Ridky, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. Fliescher, A. Stutz, Pavel Horvath, Kai Daumiller, M. S. Sutherland, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Lebrun, L. Tomankova, Trent D. Grubb, Sofia Andringa, R. Meyhandan, M. Ortiz, R. J. Lauer, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, P. Ristori, A. G. Mariazzi, S. Jansen, B. García, Mario Scuderi, S. Messina, G. Salina, A. Curutiu, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Olivier Deligny, B. Caccianiga, S. Stanič, H. Schoorlemmer, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Martina Bohacova, Martin Erdmann, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, J. Sorokin, M. Blanco, C. E. Fracchiolla, Roger W Clay, D. D'Urso, L. Latronico, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, S. Navas, G. P. Guedes, K. B. Barber, M. Weber, U. Fröhlich, R. A. Vázquez, L. Valore, P. Karhan, P. A. Kasper, A. Filipčič, M. Straub, D. Maurel, Markus Roth, A. Shadkam, C. Timmermans, S. Petrera, J. R. Vázquez, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, J. Maller, Rossella Caruso, W. J. M. de Mello, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, P. L. Ghia, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, R. Pesce, Jörg R. Hörandel, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, G. Garilli, D. Heck, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, I. Lhenry-Yvon, S. Mollerach, E. Roulet, Marco Cilmo, B. Wilczyńska, W. Docters, Peter Gorham, R. Pelayo, L. Collica, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, S. J. Saffi, L. Niemietz, L. del Peral, J. Roberts, O. Ravel, R. Piegaia, J. Rodriguez Martino, H. J. Mathes, G. De La Vega, O. Taşcǎu, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. Szuba, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, L. Caramete, M. Will, W. Tkaczyk, G. Yuan, S. Riggi, T. Antičić, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, M. Lauscher, M. Pontz, A. C. Fauth, M. Stephan, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, B. Morales, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, A. Filevich, P. T. Nhung, S. Grebe, R. Squartini, T. Paul, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, M. Malacari, Yunrong Zhu, N. Krohm, Christian Glaser, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, B., Baughman, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, M., Buscemi, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirino, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, B. D., Fox, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, C., Glaser, H., Gla, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, T. D., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, G. C., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mariş, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pe¸kala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, S. J., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F. G., Schröder, J., Schulz, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, M., Straub, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, G., Varner, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, M. Buscemi, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirino, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, J.C. Diaz, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D’Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D’Urso, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, B.D. Fox, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, C. Glaser, H. Gla, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, T.D. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, G.C. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mariş, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pe¸kala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, I. Rodriguez Cabo, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, S.J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F.G. Schröder, J. Schulz, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, M. Straub, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Torres Machado, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, S. van Velzen, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, G. Varner, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, T., Anti?i?, Aramo, Carla, J., B?uml, A., Bell?toile, C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, M. R., Coluccia, R., Concei??o, I., De Mitri, M. L., D?az Castro, J. C., D?olivo, D., D'Urso, A., Filip?i?, U., Fr?hlich, B., Garc?a, M., G?mez Berisso, P. F., G?mez Vitale, P., Gon?alve, Guarino, Fausto, J. R., H?randel, M., Hrabovsk?, B., K?gl, O., Kr?mer, M. S. A. B., Le?o, R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, I. C., Mari?, G., Marsella, D., Martello, O., Mart?nez Bravo, J. J., Mas?as Meza, S., Mi?anovi?, M., Mostaf?, G., M?ller, M., M?nchmeyer, L., No?ka, J., Oehlschl?ger, J., Pe?kala, L., Perrone, M. D., Rodr?guez Fr?a, B., Rouill? d?Orfeuil, C., R?hle, F., S?nchez, V., Scherini, P., Schov?nek, F. G., Schr?der, A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, S., Stani?, T., Suomij?rvi, T., ?u?a, O., Ta?c?u, B., Tom?, J. F., Vald?s Galicia, I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, B., Vargas C?rdena, J. R., V?zquez, R. A., V?zquez, D., Veberi?, L., Villase?or, B., Wilczy?ska, and H., Wilczy?ski
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Atmospheric Monitoring, Satellites, Infrared, Astronomy, Cloud cover, FOS: Physical sciences, Atmospheric monitoring, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Auger, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Observatory, Clouds, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Image resolution, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE Cosmic Rays, atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], INFRAVERMELHO, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Pierre Auger observatory, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, atmospheric monitoring, clouds, satellites, Física nuclear, Satellite, Central Laser Facility, Extensive Air Showers, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, SYSTEM, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: We describe a new method of identifying night-time clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared data from the Imager instruments on the GOES-12 and GOES-13 satellites. We compare cloud. identifications resulting from our method to those obtained by the Central Laser Facility of the Auger Observatory. Using our new method we can now develop cloud probability maps for the 3000 km(2) of the Pierre Auger Observatory twice per hour with a spatial resolution of similar to 2.4 km by similar to 5.5 km. Our method could also be applied to monitor cloud cover for other ground-based observatories and for space-based observatories. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and adminis- trative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organiza- tions for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnolo- gia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LG11044, MEB111003, MSM0021620859, LA08015, TACR TA01010517 and GA UK 119810, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre Na- tional de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de- France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC- IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/ CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministeri- um Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Ond- erwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wet- enschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. N N202 200239 and N N202 207238, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds with- in COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Roma- nian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI part- nership projects nr.20/2012 and nr.194/2012, project nr.1/ ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET and PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, Roma- nia; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slove- nian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Xunta de Galicia, Spain; The Leverhulme Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE- FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, National Science Founda- tion, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; NAFO- STED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO. We would like to thank the former Michigan Tech students: Nathan Kelley-Hoskins, Kyle Luck and Arin Nelson for their impor- tant contribution to the development of this paper. We would like to thank NOAA for the GOES satellite data that we freely down- loaded from their website. Also, we would like to mention in these acknowledgments Dr. Steve Ackerman and Dr. Tony Schreiner for very valuable conversations
Published: 2013

35. The EUSO@Turlab Project: Tests of Mini-EUSO Engineering Model

Author: A. Franceschi, L. Marcelli, G. Contino, Maria Teresa Ricci, A. Djakonow, Marco Mignone, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, A. Murashov, J. Szabelski, M.E Bertaina, Naoto Sakaki, Pavel Klimov, W. Marszał, Matteo Battisti, F. Bisconti, Alexander S. Belov, A. Poroshin, K. Shinozaki, S. Blin-Bondil, Daniele Gardiol, Francesca Capel, Francesco Fenu, Enzo Reali, M. Przybylak, A. Cellino, E. Parizot, P. Picozza, M. I. Panasyuk, G. Suino, M. Bertaina, S. Turriziani, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Federico Fausti, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, Guillaume Prévôt, G. Cambiè, I. Churilo, P. Gorodetzky, F. Kajino, M. Traïche, F. Cafagna, Y. Takizawa, Z. Plebaniak, G. Osteria, Christer Fuglesang, R. Bonino, T. Napolitano, Rossella Caruso, G. Cotto, Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), JEM-EUSO, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Brightness, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic ray, Field of view, Rotating tank, law.invention, Telescope, law, Environmental science, Focal surface, Aerospace engineering, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Space debris
Abstract: International audience; The TurLab facility is a laboratory, equipped with a 5 m diameter and 1 m depth rotating tank, located in the Physics Department of the University of Turin. Originally, it was mainly built to study systems of different scales where rotation plays a key role in the fluid behaviour such as in atmospheric and oceanic flows. In the past few years the TurLab facility has been used to perform experiments related to the observation of Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays (EECRs) from space using the fluorescence technique. For example, in the case of the JEM-EUSO mission, where the diffuse night brightness and artificial light sources can vary significantly in time and space inside the Field of View of the telescope. The Focal Surface of Mini-EUSO Engineering Model (Mini-EUSO EM) with the level 1 (L1) and 2 (L2) trigger logics implemented in the Photo-Detector Module (PDM) has been tested at TurLab. Tests related to the possibility of using an EUSO-like detector for other type of applications such as Space Debris (SD) monitoring and imaging detector have also been pursued. The tests and results obtained within the EUSO@TurLab Project on these different topics are presented.
Published: 2019

36. Bright Gamma-Ray Flares Observed in GRB 131108A

Author: M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, P. de la Torre Luque, F. de Palma, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, F. Fana Dirirsa, S. J. Fegan, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, G. Jóhannesson, D. Kocevski, M. Kovac’evic’, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, M. Ohno, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, D. Paneque, Z. Pei, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, K. Takagi, D. Tak, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, K. Wood, R. Yamazaki, M. Yassine, S. Zhu, Z. Lucas Uhm, Bing Zhang, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Ajello, M., Arimoto, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berretta, A., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Chen, S., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., de la Torre Luque, P., de Palma, F., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Fana Dirirsa, F., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kocevski, D., Kovac’Evic’, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Serini, D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tajima, H., Takagi, K., Tak, D., Torres, D. F., Valverde, J., Wood, K., Yamazaki, R., Yassine, M., Zhu, S., Lucas Uhm, Z., Zhang, Bing, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, GRB131108A, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], gamma rays bursts, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Flare
Abstract: GRB 131108A is a bright long Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) detected by the Large Area Telescope and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Dedicated temporal and spectral analyses reveal three $\gamma$-ray flares dominating above 100 MeV, which are not directly related to the prompt emission in the GBM band (10 keV - 10 MeV). The high-energy light curve of GRB 131108A (100 MeV - 10 GeV) shows an unusual evolution: a steep decay, followed by three flares with an underlying emission, and then a long-lasting decay phase. The detailed analysis of the $\gamma$-ray flares finds that the three flares are 6 - 20 times brighter than the underlying emission and are similar to each other. The fluence of each flare, (1.6 $\sim$ 2.0) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$, is comparable to that of emission during the steep decay phase, 1.7 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$. The total fluence from three $\gamma$-ray flares is 5.3 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$. The three $\gamma$-ray flares show properties similar to the usual X-ray flares that are sharp flux increases, occurring in $\sim$ 50\% of afterglows, in some cases well after the prompt emission. Also, the temporal and spectral indices during the early steep decay phase and the decaying phase of each flare show the consistency with a relation of the curvature effect ($\alpha$ = 2 + $\beta$), which is the first observational evidence of the high-latitude emission in the GeV energy band., Comment: ApJL, 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2019

37. A Search for Cosmic-ray Proton Anisotropy with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: Eleonora Troja, Soebur Razzaque, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Giacomo Principe, F. Piron, G. Chiaro, M. Kuss, Abhishek Desai, Kazuhiko Hayashi, Regina Caputo, T. A. Porter, E. Orlando, Dario Gasparrini, Hiroyasu Tajima, Keith Bechtol, S. Maldera, Stefano Ciprini, Ioannis Liodakis, E. J. Siskind, Francesco Longo, G. Martí-Devesa, Marco Ajello, J. B. Thayer, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Matthew Meehan, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, V. S. Paliya, D. Serini, Diego F. Torres, M. Razzano, Yasushi Fukazawa, Filippo D'Ammando, A. Reimer, Justin Vandenbroucke, G. Jóhannesson, F. de Palma, Manuel Meyer, Alessandro Cuoco, Guido Barbiellini, P. Fusco, I. Mereu, T. J. Brandt, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Seth Digel, David A. Green, S. J. Fegan, Elizabeth Hays, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, D. J. Suson, S. Cutini, J. W. Hewitt, Eric Nuss, Sina Chen, Massimo Persic, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, G. Spandre, N. Di Lalla, Luca Baldini, Sylvain Guiriec, Mn Mazziotta, D. Costantin, Stephan Zimmer, David Paneque, Luca Latronico, P. de la Torre Luque, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Stefan Funk, Denis Bastieri, Eugenio Bottacini, Alberto Manfreda, Roger Blandford, Nicola Omodei, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, M. Orienti, L. Di Venere, F. Loparco, Nicola Giglietto, Aaron Dominguez, I. A. Grenier, E. Cavazzuti, M. Yassine, R. Bonino, Nestor Mirabal, P. Lubrano, S. Buson, J. Li, Matteo Negro, A. Morselli, R. A. Cameron, P. Bruel, Warit Mitthumsiri, P. Spinelli, Francesco Giordano, F. Gargano, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Fermi-LAT, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Cavazzuti, E., Chen, S., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Costantin, D., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., de la Torre Luque, P., de Palma, F., Desai, A., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Fegan, S. J., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hayashi, K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Meehan, M., Mereu, I., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Morselli, A., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Serini, D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. B., Torres, D. F., Troja, E., Vandenbroucke, J., Yassine, M., Zimmer, S., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Fermi-Lat Collaboration, T., D'Ammando, F., De La Torre Luque, P., De Palma, F., Dominguez, A., Johannesson, G., Marti-Devesa, G., Raino, S., Sgro, C., ITA, and USA
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proton, High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Galactic cosmic rays, High-energy astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, cosmic radiation: anisotropy, GLAST, Galactic cosmic ray, law.invention, Telescope, Primary (astronomy), law, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, cosmic radiation: primary, p: energy, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, p: cosmic radiation, anisotropy: dipole, ddc:520, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has amassed a large data set of primary cosmic-ray protons throughout its mission. The LAT's wide field of view and full-sky survey capabilities make it an excellent instrument for studying cosmic-ray anisotropy. As a space-based survey instrument, the LAT is sensitive to anisotropy in both right ascension and declination, while ground-based observations only measure the anisotropy in right ascension. We present the results of the first ever proton anisotropy search using Fermi LAT. The data set uses eight years of data and consists of approximately 179 million protons above 78 GeV, enabling it to probe dipole anisotropy below an amplitude of $10^{-3}$, resulting in the most stringent limits on the declination dependence of the dipole to date. We measure a dipole amplitude $\delta = 3.9\pm1.5 \times 10^{-4}$ with a p-value of 0.01 (pre-trials) for protons with a minimum energy of 78 GeV. We discuss various systematic effects that could give rise to a dipole excess and calculate upper limits on the dipole amplitude as a function of minimum energy. The 95% CL upper limit on the dipole amplitude is $\delta_{UL}=1.3\times 10^{-3}$ for protons with a minimum energy of 78 GeV and $\delta_{UL}=1.2 \times 10^{-3}$ for protons with a minimum energy of 251 GeV., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, Contact authors: Matthew Meehan (mrmeehan@wisc.edu) and Justin Vandenbroucke (justin.vandenbroucke@wisc.edu)
Published: 2019

38. Search for Spatial Extension in High-Latitude Sources Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: R. Buehler, J. Li, Marcello Giroletti, G. Tosti, I. A. Grenier, Regina Caputo, Soebur Razzaque, M. N. Mazziotta, E. Cavazzuti, Anna Franckowiak, Justin D. Finke, David H. Green, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hiroyasu Tajima, Yasushi Fukazawa, P. Fusco, Gloria Spandre, T. J. Brandt, E. Hays, Diego F. Torres, Marco Ajello, J. B. Thayer, M. Vogel, C. C. Cheung, G. Jóhannesson, J. Valverde, P. Lubrano, Jonathan Biteau, T. Reposeur, J. D. Magill, Manuel Meyer, Nicola Omodei, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, L. Di Venere, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, N. Di Lalla, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Luca Baldini, Bindu Rani, M. Palatiello, Stefano Ciprini, Luca Latronico, Sylvain Guiriec, T. A. Porter, F. Piron, R. Bonino, D. Costantin, Abhishek Desai, A. Reimer, Elliott D. Bloom, Vaidehi S. Paliya, L. Guillemot, S. Cutini, F. Loparco, J. F. Ormes, E. Orlando, Igor V. Moskalenko, Eric Charles, Ronaldo Bellazzini, D. J. Suson, K. S. Wood, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, M. E. Monzani, Dario Gasparrini, J. S. Perkins, Roger Blandford, Eugenio Bottacini, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Alberto Manfreda, Massimo Persic, J. Ballet, C. Favuzzi, Nicola Giglietto, Francesco Longo, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Filippo D'Ammando, S. Kensei, Matteo Negro, A. Morselli, E. J. Siskind, J. Bregeon, J. W. Hewitt, Guido Barbiellini, Denis Bastieri, Julie McEnery, M. Orienti, Markus Ackermann, M. N. Lovellette, P. A. Caraveo, S. Maldera, L. Tibaldo, F. Gargano, Stefan Larsson, M. Di Mauro, P. Spinelli, Francesco Giordano, R. A. Cameron, P. Bruel, Tonia M. Venters, Matthew Wood, Daniel Castro, F. de Palma, G. Chiaro, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, E. Nuss, David Paneque, M. Kuss, Stefan Funk, Giacomo Principe, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Castro, D., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Desai, A., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Favuzzi, C., Finke, J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kensei, S., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meyer, M., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Valverde, J., Venters, T. M., Vogel, M., Wood, K., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., Biteau, J., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ITA
Subjects: catalog, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, BL Lacertae objects: general, catalogs, gamma rays: general, ISM: H II Regions, ISM: supernova remnants, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, H II Region [ISM], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Background radiation, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], Astronomy and Astrophysic, Supernova, Crab Nebula, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ISM: H ii Regions, ddc:520, Intergalactic travel, supernova remnant [ISM], Halo, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [gamma rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The astrophysical journal / Supplement series 237(2), 32 (2018). doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aacdf7, We present a search for spatial extension in high-latitude ($| b| \gt 5^\circ $) sources in recent Fermi point source catalogs. The result is the Fermi High-Latitude Extended Sources Catalog, which provides source extensions (or upper limits thereof) and likelihood profiles for a suite of tested source morphologies. We find 24 extended sources, 19 of which were not previously characterized as extended. These include sources that are potentially associated with supernova remnants and star-forming regions. We also found extended $γ$-ray emission in the vicinity of the Cen A radio lobes and—at GeV energies for the first time—spatially coincident with the radio emission of the SNR CTA 1, as well as from the Crab Nebula. We also searched for halos around active galactic nuclei, which are predicted from electromagnetic cascades induced by the $e^+ e^−$ pairs that are deflected in intergalactic magnetic fields. These pairs are produced when γ-rays interact with background radiation fields. We do not find evidence for extension in individual sources or in stacked source samples. This enables us to place limits on the flux of the extended source components, which are then used to constrain the intergalactic magnetic field to be stronger than $3 × 10^{−16} G$ for a coherence length $λ \gtrsim$ 10 kpc, even when conservative assumptions on the source duty cycle are made. This improves previous limits by several orders of magnitude., Published by IOP, Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]
Published: 2018

39. Investigating the Nature of Late-Time High-Energy GRB Emission Through Joint Fermi\Swift Observations

Author: Daniel Kocevski, Giacomo Principe, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Vaidehi S. Paliya, P. Spinelli, M. E. Monzani, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Francesco Giordano, G. Tosti, M. Vogel, Matteo Negro, A. Morselli, F. Piron, N. Di Lalla, Luca Baldini, Sylvain Guiriec, Diego F. Torres, D. Costantin, C. Holt, Olaf Reimer, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, Nicola Omodei, G. La Mura, P. Fusco, Stefan Larsson, Aaron Dominguez, G. Jóhannesson, Guido Barbiellini, I. A. Grenier, R. A. Cameron, P. Lubrano, Stefano Ciprini, M. Kuss, David H. Green, P. Bruel, Denis Bastieri, E. J. Siskind, M. Razzano, Soebur Razzaque, Marco Ajello, Gloria Spandre, C. Favuzzi, Dario Gasparrini, Ronaldo Bellazzini, J. B. Thayer, M. N. Mazziotta, Filippo D'Ammando, Stefan Funk, J. Valverde, Regina Caputo, J. D. Magill, Massimo Persic, Francesco Longo, J. S. Perkins, M. Orienti, F. Loparco, Eric Nuss, K. S. Wood, D. Tak, R. Buehler, Nicola Giglietto, Johan Bregeon, S. Maldera, D. Horan, J. L. Racusin, Anna Franckowiak, R. Bonino, A. Reimer, S. Rainò, J. Li, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, Eugenio Bottacini, Tsunefumi Mizuno, P. A. Caraveo, Alberto Manfreda, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, F. Gargano, Roger Blandford, F. de Palma, M. Di Mauro, G. Chiaro, L. Di Venere, Yasushi Fukazawa, E. Orlando, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ), Science Institute (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands (HÍ), University of Iceland (UI), ITA, Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Costantin, D., D'Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Dominguez, A., Favuzzi, C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Holt, C., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Mura, G. La, Larsson, S., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paliya, V. S., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tak, D., Thayer, J. B., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Valverde, J., Vogel, M., Wood, K., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Sjónaukar, long-lived, Gammageislar, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, gamma-ray burst: general, electron: relativistic, FOS: Physical sciences, magnetic field, Gamma-ray burst: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics, general [gamma-ray burst], gamma ray: burst, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, GLAST, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, ddc:530, X-ray: emission, energy: density, education, Gamma-ray burst, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, energy: high, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Compton scattering, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Synchrotron, Afterglow, electron: spectrum, flux, electron synchrotron, spectral, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], X-ray: detector, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein)., We use joint observations by the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows to investigate the nature of the long-lived high-energy emission observed by Fermi LAT. Joint broadband spectral modeling of XRT and LAT data reveals that LAT nondetections of bright X-ray afterglows are consistent with a cooling break in the inferred electron synchrotron spectrum below the LAT and/or XRT energy ranges. Such a break is sufficient to suppress the high-energy emission so as to be below the LAT detection threshold. By contrast, LAT-detected bursts are best fit by a synchrotron spectrum with a cooling break that lies either between or above the XRT and LAT energy ranges. We speculate that the primary difference between GRBs with LAT afterglow detections and the nondetected population may be in the type of circumstellar environment in which these bursts occur, with late-time LAT detections preferentially selecting GRBs that occur in low wind-like circumburst density profiles. Furthermore, we find no evidence of high-energy emission in the LATdetected population significantly in excess of the flux expected from the electron synchrotron spectrum fit to the observed X-ray emission. The lack of excess emission at high energies could be due to a shocked external medium in which the energy density in the magnetic field is stronger than or comparable to that of the relativistic electrons behind the shock, precluding the production of a dominant synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) component in the LAT energy range. Alternatively, the peak of the SSC emission could be beyond the 0.1–100 GeV energy range considered for this analysis., Funding text #1 46 Funded by contract FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR). 47 https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/observations/types/grbs/lat_grbs/ Funding text #2 The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT, as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K.A.Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Funding text #3 Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
Published: 2018
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40. Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from Local Primordial Black Holes with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: J. B. Thayer, A. Chekhtman, P. Lubrano, Stefano Ciprini, Luca Latronico, Igor V. Moskalenko, Eleonora Troja, M. Razzano, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, J. F. Ormes, Filippo D'Ammando, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, Roger Blandford, E. Nuss, Elliott D. Bloom, David Paneque, M. Kuss, R. Buehler, C. C. Cheung, J. Valverde, C. Favuzzi, Vaidehi S. Paliya, F. de Palma, P. Fusco, Julie McEnery, F. Spada, J. Li, Francesco Longo, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, S. J. Fegan, Stefan Larsson, L. Di Venere, J. D. Magill, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Stefan Funk, Roopesh Ojha, R. Bonino, Regina Caputo, J. G. Thayer, Eric Charles, Daniel Kocevski, I. A. Grenier, N. Di Lalla, Luca Baldini, M. Palatiello, Steven Ritz, D. J. Suson, M. N. Mazziotta, Warit Mitthumsiri, Sylvain Guiriec, E. Cavazzuti, Soebur Razzaque, David H. Green, Diego F. Torres, S. Kensei, W. B. Focke, Gloria Spandre, D. Costantin, F. Loparco, Matteo Negro, A. Morselli, Anna Franckowiak, E. Orlando, Massimo Persic, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, P. Spinelli, Francesco Giordano, M. Di Mauro, Gudlaugur Johannesson, J. Bregeon, E. Moretti, Dario Gasparrini, K. S. Wood, M. E. Monzani, Manuel Meyer, Guido Barbiellini, R. A. Cameron, Yasushi Fukazawa, Nicola Omodei, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, M. Orienti, P. Bruel, Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde, S. Maldera, F. Piron, Hiroyasu Tajima, Jan Conrad, G. Chiaro, C. A. Johnson, W. B. Atwood, Nicola Giglietto, M. N. Lovellette, P. A. Caraveo, E. J. Siskind, Markus Ackermann, F. Gargano, Giacomo Principe, A. Reimer, G. Tosti, B. Berenji, Giacomo Vianello, Seth Digel, Ronaldo Bellazzini, D. Malyshev, Matthew Wood, J. Ballet, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Denis Bastieri, Eugenio Bottacini, Alberto Manfreda, L. Guillemot, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier ( LUPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), ITA, Ackermann, M., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., D'Ammando, F., Palma, F. De, Digel, S. W., Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, C., Kensei, S., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Sánchez-Conde, M., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Vianello, G., Wood, K., Wood, M., and Zaharijas, G.
Subjects: [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], black hole physics, Primordial black hole, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, evaporation, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stellar evolution, media_common, Physics, lifetime, Gamma ray, astroparticle physic, observatory, gamma ray: emission, astroparticle physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, black hole: primordial, burst, methods: data analysis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Proper motion, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, primordial [black hole], GLAST, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, Astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, temperature, Astronomy and Astrophysic, black hole physic, Galaxy, Universe, confidence limit, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], data analysi [methods], ddc:520, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Black holes with masses below approximately $10^{15}$ g are expected to emit gamma rays with energies above a few tens of MeV, which can be detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Although black holes with these masses cannot be formed as a result of stellar evolution, they may have formed in the early Universe and are therefore called Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). Previous searches for PBHs have focused on either short timescale bursts or the contribution of PBHs to the isotropic gamma-ray emission. We show that, in case of individual PBHs, the Fermi LAT is most sensitive to PBHs with temperatures above approximately 16 GeV and masses $6\times 10^{11}$ g, which it can detect out to a distance of about 0.03 pc. These PBHs have a remaining lifetime of months to years at the start of the Fermi mission. They would appear as potentially moving point sources with gamma-ray emission that becomes spectrally harder and brighter with time until the PBH completely evaporates. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm to detect the proper motion of a gamma-ray point sources, and apply it to 318 unassociated point sources at high galactic latitude in the third Fermi-LAT source catalog (3FGL). None of unassociated point sources with spectra consistent with PBH evaporation show significant proper motion. Using the non-detection of PBH candidates, we derive a 99\% confidence limit on PBH evaporation rate in the vicinity of the Earth $\dot{\rho}_{\rm PBH} < 7.2 \times 10^3\: {\rm {pc}^{-3} {yr}^{-1}}$. This limit is similar to the limits obtained with ground-based gamma-ray observatories., Comment: Accepted by ApJ. Corresponding authors: Christian Johnson, Dmitry Malyshev, Steve Ritz, Stefan Funk
Published: 2018

41. Fermi-LAT Observations of LIGO/Virgo Event GW170817

Author: G. Chiaro, Marco Ajello, Diego F. Torres, Stefano Ciprini, J. B. Thayer, G. Jóhannesson, E. Moretti, Eleonora Troja, Nicola Omodei, Ronaldo Bellazzini, R. Buehler, E. J. Siskind, J. F. Ormes, Chong Yang, L. Guillemot, E. Orlando, T. J. Brandt, Stefan Funk, J. Li, Peter F. Michelson, Magnus Axelsson, L. R. Cominsky, Igor V. Moskalenko, Elliott D. Bloom, S. Cutini, A. A. Moiseev, Marcello Giroletti, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, F. Loparco, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, A. Chekhtman, Johan Bregeon, P. Lubrano, Francesco Longo, I. A. Grenier, E. Cavazzuti, David H. Green, R. A. Cameron, J. L. Racusin, A. Reimer, Nicola Giglietto, E. Nuss, David Paneque, C. Favuzzi, Gloria Spandre, M. Kuss, Vahé Petrosian, Giacomo Principe, James Chiang, F. de Palma, F. Gargano, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, P. Fusco, L. Di Venere, Roger Blandford, Hiroyasu Tajima, Roopesh Ojha, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Denis Bastieri, Luca Latronico, K. S. Wood, J. G. Thayer, M. Di Mauro, Gino Tosti, D. Dumora, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, B. Berenji, Giacomo Vianello, M. N. Lovellette, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, R. Bonino, J. Granot, Steven Ritz, D. J. Suson, T. H. Burnett, C. C. Cheung, F. Piron, J. Valverde, Alice K. Harding, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Tonia M. Venters, G. La Mura, Regina Caputo, N. Di Lalla, Luca Baldini, M. Takahashi, M. Palatiello, M. E. Monzani, M. N. Mazziotta, D. Tak, Sylvain Guiriec, R. Gill, Anna Franckowiak, D. Costantin, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Vaidehi S. Paliya, Yasushi Fukazawa, P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. D. Magill, Soebur Razzaque, Alice Allafort, Elisabetta Bissaldi, P. Bruel, Matthew G. Baring, Sara Buson, T. A. Porter, Daniel Kocevski, Fumiya Imazato, T. Glanzman, R. Dubois, E. Hays, P. Spinelli, Francesco Giordano, F. Spada, Eugenio Bottacini, Alberto Manfreda, Dario Gasparrini, Stefan Larsson, M. Razzano, Filippo D'Ammando, Alessandro Cuoco, M.-H. Grondin, S. Maldera, T. Kamae, Eleonora Torresi, Massimo Persic, Felix Ryde, Guido Barbiellini, L. S. Rochester, S. Kensei, Matteo Negro, A. Morselli, ITA, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Costantin, D., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Palma, F. De, Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Gill, R., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Granot, J., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Horan, D., Imazato, F., Jóhannesson, G., Kamae, T., Kensei, S., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Mura, G. La, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Ryde, F., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Tak, D., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Venters, T. M., Vianello, G., Wood, K., Yang, C., Zaharijas, G., Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ), Science Institute (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: neutron star: binary, Gammageislar, gamma-ray burst: general, Astrophysics, general [gamma-ray burst], 01 natural sciences, Gamma-ray, Luminosity, gamma rays: general, gravitational waves, gamma ray: flux, LIGO, gravitational wave, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, energy: high, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gamma-ray burst: general, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: burst, gravitational radiation: direct detection, GLAST, Gravitational waves, binary: coalescence, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, trigger, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Stjarneðlisfræði, redshift, Redshift, gravitational radiation detector, Neutron star, electromagnetic, VIRGO, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, gravitational radiation: emission, ddc:520, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], general [gamma rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), We present the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations of the binary neutron star merger event GW170817 and the associated short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) GRB 170817A detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. The LAT was entering the South Atlantic Anomaly at the time of the LIGO/Virgo trigger (t GW) and therefore cannot place constraints on the existence of high-energy (E > 100 MeV) emission associated with the moment of binary coalescence. We focus instead on constraining high-energy emission on longer timescales. No candidate electromagnetic counterpart was detected by the LAT on timescales of minutes, hours, or days after the LIGO/Virgo detection. The resulting flux upper bound (at 95% C.L.) from the LAT is 4.5 × 10−10 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.1–1 GeV range covering a period from t GW + 1153 s to t GW + 2027 s. At the distance of GRB 170817A, this flux upper bound corresponds to a luminosity upper bound of 9.7 × 1043 erg s−1, which is five orders of magnitude less luminous than the only other LAT SGRB with known redshift, GRB 090510. We also discuss the prospects for LAT detection of electromagnetic counterparts to future gravitational-wave events from Advanced LIGO/Virgo in the context of GW170817/GRB 170817A., This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
Published: 2018

42. ELECTRONICS AND READOUT OF A LARGE-AREA SILICON DETECTOR FOR LHC

Author: R.J. Hawkings, B. Lisowski, Erik H.M. Heijne, Pierre Jarron, G. F. Moorhead, Paul Seller, R.A. Bardos, Xin Wu, G. N. Taylor, K. Borer, A.G. Clark, Claus Gössling, R. Bonino, J. Teiger, D. J. Munday, T. Schultz, K. Benslama, H. Kambara, R. Spiwoks, E. Tsesmelis, Paola Scampoli, N. Kundu, J.H. Bibby, Eckhart Fretwurst, P. Murray, Francis Anghinolfi, G. Gorfine, H. Verweij, P. Aspell, J.C. Santiard, Michael Campbell, C. Couyoumtzelis, A. Reichold, G. Lindstroem, Michael Andrew Parker, D. Campbell, A. R. Weidberg, A. Chilingarov, S. N. Tovey, K., Borer, D. J., Munday, M. A., Parker, F., Anghinolfi, P., Aspell, M., Campbell, A., Chilingarov, P., Jarron, E. H., M., J. C., Santiard, Scampoli, Paola, H., Verweij, C., Gossling, B., Lisowski, A., Reichold, R., Spiwok, E., Tsesmeli, K., Benslama, R., Bonino, A. G., Clark, C., Couyoumtzeli, H., Kambara, X., Wu, E., Fretwurst, G., Lindstroem, T., Schultz, R. A., Bardo, G. W., Gorfine, G. F., Moorhead, G. N., Taylor, S. N., Tovey, J. H., Bibby, R. J., Hawking, N., Kundu, A., Weidberg, D., Campbell, P., Murray, P., Seller, and J., Teiger
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Signal processing, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Integrated circuit, Chip, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, law, Electronics, business, Instrumentation, silicon detector, Voltage
Abstract: The purpose of the RD2 project is to evaluate the feasibility of a silicon tracker and/or preshower detector for LHC. Irradiation studies with doses equivalent to those expected at LHC have been performed to determine the behavior of operational parameters such as leakage current, depletion voltage and charge collection during the life of the detector. The development of fast, dense, low power and low cost signal processing electronics is one of the major activities of the collaboration. We describe the first fully functional integrated analog memory chip with asynchronous read and write operations and level 1 trigger capture capabilities. A complete test beam system using this analog memory chip at 66 MHz has been successfully operated with RD2 prototype silicon detectors during various test runs. The flexibility of the electronics and readout have allowed us to easily interface our set-up to other data acquistion systems. Mechanical studies are in progress to design a silicon tracking detector with several million channels that may be operated at low (0–10°C) temperature, while maintaining the required geometrical precision. Prototype readout boards for such a detector are being developed and simulation studies are being performed to optimize the readout architecture.
Published: 2016

43. The nature and origin of ultra high-energy cosmic rays

Author: J. R. Hörandel, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahlers, E. J. Ahn, I. F. M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez Muñiz, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, A. M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, J. J. Beatty, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, K. S. Caballero Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S. H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J. C. D'Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, I. Fajardo Tapia, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, R. Gaior, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S. T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, A. Gascon, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giller, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, A. Guzman, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A. E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, A. Horneffer, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K. H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke Hansen, F. Kuehn, D. Kuempel, J. K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier Selvon, I. Lhenry Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J. C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, P. T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Rodriguez Cabo, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C. E. Santo, E. Santos, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H. H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, C. G. Tavera Ruiz, R. Tcaciuc, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, J. R., Hörandel for the Auger Collaboration, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, M., Cilmo, D'Urso, Domenico, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, J. R., Hörandel, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman f, J., Bäuml, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn i, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, I., Fajardo Tapia, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, A., Gascon, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, A., Guzman, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, A., Horneffer, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pękala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. 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Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Astronomy, Astrophysical source, General Physics and Astronomy, Pierre Auger Observatory, Cosmic Ray, Particle detector, Cosmology, Radiation flux, Optics, Measuring instrument, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business
Abstract: The Earth is exposed to a permanent rain of cosmic particles from outer space [1]. Most of the particles are fully ionised atomic nuclei, moving with relativistic energies. The bulk of them with energies up to 1017 eV originate within our Milky Way. They are most likely accel- erated in supernova remnants. Some particles have a thousand times higher energies, i.e., around 1020 eV. This corresponds to the kinetic energy of a tennis ball with a mass of 50 g and a velocity of 90 km/h
Published: 2012

44. Evidence for the associated production of a W boson and a top quark in ATLAS at √s = 7 TeV

Author: G. AAD, E. ABAT, B. ABBOTT, J. ABDALLAH, A. A. ABDELALIM, A. ABDESSELAM, O. ABDINOV, B. ABI, M. ABOLINS, H. ABRAMOWICZ, H. ABREU, E. ACERBI, B. S. ACHARYA, M. ACKERS, D. L. ADAMS, T. N. ADDY, J. ADELMAN, M. ADERHOLZ, C. ADORISIO, P. ADRAGNA, T. ADYE, S. AEFSKY, J. A. AGUILAR SAAVEDRA, M. AHARROUCHE, S. P. AHLEN, F. AHLES, A. AHMAD, H. AHMED, M. AHSAN, G. AIELLI, T. AKDOGAN, P. F. AKESSON, T. P. A. AKESSON, G. AKIMOTO, A. V. AKIMOV, A. AKTAS, M. S. ALAM, M. A. ALAM, J. ALBERT, S. ALBRAND, M. ALEKSA, I. N. ALEKSANDROV, M. ALEPPO, F. ALESSANDRIA, C. ALEXA, G. ALEXANDER, G. ALEXANDRE, T. ALEXOPOULOS, M. ALHROOB, M. ALIEV, G. ALIMONTI, J. ALISON, M. ALIYEV, P. P. ALLPORT, S. E. ALLWOOD SPIERS, J. ALMOND, A. ALOISIO, R. ALON, A. ALONSO, J. ALONSO, M. G. ALVIGGI, K. AMAKO, P. AMARAL, G. AMBROSINI, G. AMBROSIO, C. AMELUNG, V. V. AMMOSOV, A. AMORIM, G. AMOROS, N. AMRAM, C. ANASTOPOULOS, T. ANDEEN, C. F. ANDERS, K. J. ANDERSON, A. ANDREAZZA, V. ANDREI, M. L. ANDRIEUX, X. S. ANDUAGA, A. ANGERAMI, F. ANGHINOLFI, N. ANJOS, A. ANNOVI, A. ANTONAKI, M. ANTONELLI, S. ANTONELLI, J. ANTOS, B. ANTUNOVIC, F. ANULLI, S. AOUN, G. ARABIDZE, I. ARACENA, Y. ARAI, A. T. H. ARCE, J. P. ARCHAMBAULT, S. ARFAOUI, J. F. ARGUIN, T. ARGYROPOULOS, E. ARIK, M. ARIK, A. J. ARMBRUSTER, K. E. ARMS, S. R. ARMSTRONG, O. ARNAEZ, C. ARNAULT, A. ARTAMONOV, D. ARUTINOV, M. ASAI, S. ASAI, R. ASFANDIYAROV, S. ASK, B. ASMAN, D. ASNER, L. ASQUITH, K. ASSAMAGAN, A. ASTBURY, A. ASTVATSATOUROV, B. ATHAR, G. ATOIAN, B. AUBERT, B. AUERBACH, E. AUGE, K. AUGSTEN, M. AUROUSSEAU, N. AUSTIN, G. AVOLIO, R. AVRAMIDOU, D. AXEN, C. AY, G. AZUELOS, Y. AZUMA, M. A. BAAK, G. BACCAGLIONI, C. BACCI, A. M. BACH, H. BACHACOU, K. BACHAS, G. BACHY, M. BACKES, E. BADESCU, P. BAGNAIA, Y. BAI, D. C. BAILEY, T. BAIN, J. T. BAINES, O. K. BAKER, M. D. BAKER, S. BAKER, F. BALTASAR DOS SANTOS PEDROSA, E. BANAS, P. BANERJEE, S. BANERJEE, D. BANFI, A. BANGERT, V. BANSAL, S. P. BARANOV, S. BARANOV, A. BARASHKOU, T. BARBER, E. L. 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ZUTSHI, ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATLAS, G., Aad, Bianco, Michele, G., Chiodini, Gorini, Edoardo, Primavera, Margherita, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, Ventura, Andrea, ATLAS Collaboration (ukupan broj autora: 2869), Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abdallah, J, Khalek, Sa, Abdelalim, Aa, Abdinov, O, Abi, B, Abolins, M, Abouzeid, O, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Acerbi, E, Acharya, B, Adamczyk, L, Adams, Dl, Addy, Tn, Adelman, J, Adomeit, S, Adragna, P, Adye, T, Aefsky, S, Aguilar Saavedra, Ja, Aharrouche, M, Ahlen, Sp, Ahles, F, Ahmad, A, Ahsan, M, Aielli, G, Akdogan, T, Akesson, Tpa, Akimoto, G, Akimov, Av, Akiyama, A, Alam, M, Alam, Ma, Albert, J, Albrand, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, In, Alessandria, F, Alexa, C, Alexander, G, Alexandre, G, Alexopoulos, T, Alhroob, M, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Alison, J, Allbrooke, Bmm, Allport, Pp, Allwood Spiers, Se, Almond, J, Aloisio, A, Alon, R, Alonso, A, Gonzalez, Ba, Alviggi, Mg, Amako, K, Amelung, C, Ammosov, Vv, Amorim, A, Amram, N, Anastopoulos, C, Ancu, L, Andari, N, Andeen, T, Anders, Cf, Anders, G, Anderson, Kj, Andreazza, A, Andrei, V, Anduaga, X, Angerami, A, Anghinolfi, F, Anisenkov, A, Anjos, N, Annovi, A, Antonaki, A, Antonelli, M, Antonov, A, Antos, J, Anulli, F, Aoun, S, Bella, La, Apolle, R, Arabidze, G, Aracena, I, Arai, Y, Arce, Ath, Arfaoui, S, Arguin, Jf, Arik, E, Arik, M, Armbruster, Ajaj, Arnaez, O, Arnal, V, Arnault, C, Artamonov, A, Artoni, G, Arutinov, D, Asai, S, Asfandiyarov, R, Ask, S, Asman, B, Asquith, L, Assamagan, K, Astbury, A, Aubert, B, Auge, E, Augsten, K, Aurousseau, M, Avolio, G, Avramidou, R, Axen, D, Azuelos, G, Azuma, Y, Baak, Ma, Baccaglioni, G, Bacci, C, Bach, Am, Bachacou, H, Bachas, K, Backes, M, Backhaus, M, Badescu, E, Bagnaia, P, Bahinipati, S, Bai, Y, Bailey, Dc, Bain, T, Baines, Jt, Baker, Ok, Baker, Md, Baker, S, Banas, E, Banerjee, P, Banerjee, S, Banfi, D, Bangert, A, Bansal, V, Bansil, H, Barak, L, Baranov, Sp, Galtieri, Ab, Barber, T, Barberio, El, Barberis, D, Barbero, M, Bardin, Dy, Barillari, T, Barisonzi, M, Barklow, T, Barlow, N, Barnett, Bm, Barnett, Rm, Baroncelli, A, Barone, G, Barr, Aj, Barreiro, F, da Costa, Jbg, Barrillon, P, Bartoldus, R, Barton, Ae, Bartsch, V, Bates, Rl, Batkova, L, Batley, Jr, Battaglia, A, Battistin, M, Bauer, F, Bawa, H, Beale, S, Beau, T, Beauchemin, Ph, Beccherle, R, Bechtle, P, Beck, Hp, Becker, S, Beckingham, M, Becks, Kh, Beddall, Aj, Beddall, A, Bedikian, S, Bednyakov, Va, Bee, Cp, Begel, M, Harpaz, Sb, Behera, Pk, Beimforde, M, Belanger Champagne, C, Bell, Pj, Bell, Wh, Bella, G, Bellagamba, L, Bellina, F, Bellomo, M, Belloni, A, Beloborodova, O, Belotskiy, K, Beltramello, O, Benary, O, Benchekroun, D, Bendtz, K, Benekos, N, Benhammou, Y, Noccioli, Eb, Garcia, Jab, Benjamin, Dp, Benoit, M, Bensinger, Jr, Benslama, K, Bentvelsen, S, Berge, D, Kuutmann, Eb, Berger, N, Berghaus, F, Berglund, E, Beringer, J, Bernat, P, Bernhard, R, Bernius, C, Berry, T, Bertella, C, Bertin, A, Bertolucci, F, Besana, Mi, Besson, N, Bethke, S, Bhimji, W, 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Zhao, T, Zhao, Z, Zhemchugov, A, Zhong, J, Zhou, B, Zhou, N, Zhou, Y, Zhu, Cg, Zhu, H, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zhuang, X, Zhuravlov, V, Zieminska, D, Zimmermann, R, Zimmermann, S, Ziolkowski, M, Zitoun, R, Zivkovic, L, Zmouchko, Vv, Zobernig, G, Zoccoli, A, zur Nedden, M, Zutshi, V, Zwalinski, L., Doğuş Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, TR3959, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Taylor, Frank E., Universidade do Minho, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Canale, Vincenzo, Cevenini, F., Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Sergio, Patricelli, Conventi, F., DELLA PIETRA, Massimo, Giordano, Raffaele, Musto, E., Rossi, E., Sanchez, A., Carlino, G., de Asmundis, R., Doria, A., Izzo, V., Sekhniaidze, G., Çetin, Serkant Ali, Abdelalim Aly, Ahmed Aly, Alexandre, Gauthier, Backes, Moritz, Barone, Gaetano, Bell, Paul, Bell, William, Benhar Noccioli, Eleonora, Blondel, Alain, Bucci, Francesca, Clark, Allan Geoffrey, Dao, Valerio, Doglioni, Caterina, Ferrere, Didier, Gadomski, Szymon, Gonzalez Sevilla, Sergio, Goulette, Marc, Iacobucci, Giuseppe, La Rosa, Alessandro, Lister, Alison, Martin Dit Latour, Bertrand, Mermod, Philippe, Mora Herrera, Maria Clemencia Rosario, Nektarijevic, Snezana, Nikolics, Katalin, Pasztor, Arpad, Picazio, Attilio, Pohl, Martin, Rosbach, Kilian, Rosselet, Laurent, Wu, Xin, G. AAD, E. ABAT, B. ABBOTT, J. ABDALLAH, A.A. ABDELALIM, A. ABDESSELAM, O. ABDINOV, B. ABI, M. ABOLINS, H. ABRAMOWICZ, H. ABREU, E. ACERBI, B.S. ACHARYA, M. ACKERS, D.L. ADAMS, T.N. ADDY, J. ADELMAN, M. ADERHOLZ, C. ADORISIO, P. ADRAGNA, T. ADYE, S. AEFSKY, J.A. AGUILAR-SAAVEDRA, M. AHARROUCHE, S.P. AHLEN, F. AHLES, A. AHMAD, H. AHMED, M. AHSAN, G. AIELLI, T. AKDOGAN, P.F. AKESSON, T.P.A. AKESSON, G. AKIMOTO, A.V. AKIMOV, A. AKTAS, M.S. ALAM, M.A. ALAM, J. ALBERT, S. ALBRAND, M. ALEKSA, I.N. ALEKSANDROV, M. ALEPPO, F. ALESSANDRIA, C. ALEXA, G. ALEXANDER, G. ALEXANDRE, T. ALEXOPOULOS, M. ALHROOB, M. ALIEV, G. ALIMONTI, J. ALISON, M. ALIYEV, P.P. ALLPORT, S.E. ALLWOOD-SPIERS, J. ALMOND, A. ALOISIO, R. ALON, A. ALONSO, J. ALONSO, M.G. ALVIGGI, K. AMAKO, P. AMARAL, G. AMBROSINI, G. AMBROSIO, C. AMELUNG, V.V. AMMOSOV, A. AMORIM, G. AMOROS, N. AMRAM, C. ANASTOPOULOS, T. ANDEEN, C.F. ANDERS, K.J. ANDERSON, A. ANDREAZZA, V. ANDREI, M.-L. ANDRIEUX, X.S. ANDUAGA, A. ANGERAMI, F. ANGHINOLFI, N. ANJOS, A. ANNOVI, A. ANTONAKI, M. ANTONELLI, S. ANTONELLI, J. ANTOS, B. ANTUNOVIC, F. ANULLI, S. AOUN, G. ARABIDZE, I. ARACENA, Y. ARAI, A.T.H. ARCE, J.P. ARCHAMBAULT, S. ARFAOUI, J.-F. ARGUIN, T. ARGYROPOULOS, E. ARIK, M. ARIK, A.J. ARMBRUSTER, K.E. ARMS, S.R. ARMSTRONG, O. ARNAEZ, C. ARNAULT, A. ARTAMONOV, D. ARUTINOV, M. ASAI, S. ASAI, R. ASFANDIYAROV, S. ASK, B. ASMAN, D. ASNER, L. ASQUITH, K. ASSAMAGAN, A. ASTBURY, A. ASTVATSATOUROV, B. ATHAR, G. ATOIAN, B. AUBERT, B. AUERBACH, E. AUGE, K. AUGSTEN, M. AUROUSSEAU, N. AUSTIN, G. AVOLIO, R. AVRAMIDOU, D. AXEN, C. AY, G. AZUELOS, Y. AZUMA, M.A. BAAK, G. BACCAGLIONI, C. BACCI, A.M. BACH, H. BACHACOU, K. BACHAS, G. BACHY, M. BACKES, E. BADESCU, P. BAGNAIA, Y. BAI, D.C. BAILEY, T. BAIN, J.T. BAINES, O.K. BAKER, M.D. BAKER, S. BAKER, F. BALTASAR DOS SANTOS PEDROSA, E. BANAS, P. BANERJEE, S. BANERJEE, D. BANFI, A. BANGERT, V. BANSAL, S.P. BARANOV, S. BARANOV, A. BARASHKOU, T. BARBER, E.L. BARBERIO, D. BARBERIS, M. BARBERO, D.Y. BARDIN, T. BARILLARI, M. BARISONZI, T. BARKLOW, N. BARLOW, B.M. BARNETT, R.M. BARNETT, A. BARONCELLI, M. BARONE, A.J. BARR, F. BARREIRO, J. BARREIRO GUIMARAES DA COSTA, P. BARRILLON, V. BARTHELD, H. BARTKO, R. BARTOLDUS, D. BARTSCH, R.L. BATES, S. BATHE, L. BATKOVA, J.R. BATLEY, A. BATTAGLIA, M. BATTISTIN, G. BATTISTONI, F. BAUER, H.S. BAWA, M. BAZALOVA, B. BEARE, T. BEAU, P.H. BEAUCHEMIN, R. BECCHERLE, N. BECERICI, P. BECHTLE, G.A. BECK, H.P. BECK, M. BECKINGHAM, K.H. BECKS, A.J. BEDDALL, A. BEDDALL, V.A. BEDNYAKOV, C. BEE, M. BEGEL, S. BEHAR HARPAZ, P.K. BEHERA, M. BEIMFORDE, G.A.N. BELANGER, C. BELANGER-CHAMPAGNE, B. BELHORMA, P.J. BELL, W.H. BELL, G. BELLA, L. BELLAGAMBA, F. BELLINA, G. BELLOMO, M. BELLOMO, A. BELLONI, K. BELOTSKIY, O. BELTRAMELLO, A. BELYMAM, S. BEN AMI, O. BENARY, D. BENCHEKROUN, C. BENCHOUK, M. BENDEL, B.H. BENEDICT, N. BENEKOS, Y. BENHAMMOU, G.P. BENINCASA, D.P. BENJAMIN, M. BENOIT, J.R. BENSINGER, K. BENSLAMA, S. BENTVELSEN, M. BERETTA, D. BERGE, E. BERGEAAS KUUTMANN, N. BERGER, F. BERGHAUS, E. BERGLUND, J. BERINGER, K. BERNARDET, P. BERNAT, R. BERNHARD, C. BERNIUS, T. BERRY, A. BERTIN, F. BERTINELLI, S. BERTOLUCCI, M.I. BESANA, N. BESSON, S. BETHKE, R.M. BIANCHI, M. BIANCO, O. BIEBEL, M. BIERI, J. BIESIADA, M. BIGLIETTI, H. BILOKON, M. BINDER, M. BINDI, S. BINET, A. BINGUL, C. BINI, C. BISCARAT, R. BISCHOF, U. BITENC, K.M. BLACK, R.E. BLAIR, O. BLANCH, J.-B. BLANCHARD, G. BLANCHOT, C. BLOCKER, J. BLOCKI, A. BLONDEL, W. BLUM, U. BLUMENSCHEIN, C. BOARETTO, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BOCCI, D. BOCIAN, R. BOCK, M. BOEHLER, M. BOEHM, J. BOEK, N. BOELAERT, S. BOSER, J.A. BOGAERTS, A. BOGOUCH, C. BOHM, J. BOHM, V. BOISVERT, T. BOLD, V. BOLDEA, A. BOLDYREV, V.G. BONDARENKO, M. BONDIOLI, R. BONINO, M. BOONEKAMP, G. BOORMAN, M. BOOSTEN, C.N. BOOTH, P.S.L. BOOTH, P. BOOTH, J.R.A. BOOTH, S. BORDONI, C. BORER, K. BORER, A. BORISOV, G. BORISSOV, I. BORJANOVIC, S. BORRONI, K. BOS, D. BOSCHERINI, M. BOSMAN, H. BOTERENBROOD, D. BOTTERILL, J. BOUCHAMI, J. BOUDREAU, E.V. BOUHOVA-THACKER, C. BOULAHOUACHE, C. BOURDARIOS, A. BOVEIA, J. BOYD, B.H. BOYER, I.R. BOYKO, N.I. BOZHKO, I. BOZOVIC-JELISAVCIC, S. BRACCINI, J. BRACINIK, A. BRAEM, E. BRAMBILLA, P. BRANCHINI, G.W. BRANDENBURG, A. BRANDT, G. BRANDT, O. BRANDT, U. BRATZLER, B. BRAU, J.E. BRAU, H.M. BRAUN, S. BRAVO, B. BRELIER, J. BREMER, R. BRENNER, S. BRESSLER, D. BRETON, N.D. BRETT, P.G. BRIGHT-THOMAS, D. BRITTON, F.M. BROCHU, I. BROCK, R. BROCK, T.J. BRODBECK, E. BRODET, F. BROGGI, C. BROMBERG, G. BROOIJMANS, W.K. BROOKS, G. BROWN, E. BRUBAKER, P.A. BRUCKMAN DE RENSTROM, D. BRUNCKO, R. BRUNELIERE, S. BRUNET, A. BRUNI, G. BRUNI, M. BRUSCHI, T. BUANES, F. BUCCI, J. BUCHANAN, N.J. BUCHANAN, P. BUCHHOLZ, A.G. BUCKLEY, I.A. BUDAGOV, B. BUDICK, V. BUSCHER, L. BUGGE, D. BUIRA-CLARK, E.J. BUIS, F. BUJOR, O. BULEKOV, M. BUNSE, T. BURAN, H. BURCKHART, S. BURDIN, T. BURGESS, S. BURKE, E. BUSATO, P. BUSSEY, C.P. BUSZELLO, F. BUTIN, B. BUTLER, J.M. BUTLER, C.M. BUTTAR, J.M. BUTTERWORTH, T. BYATT, J. CABALLERO, S. CABRERA URBAN, M. CACCIA, D. CAFORIO, O. CAKIR, P. CALAFIURA, G. CALDERINI, P. CALFAYAN, R. CALKINS, L.P. CALOBA, R. CALOI, D. CALVET, A. CAMARD, P. CAMARRI, M. CAMBIAGHI, D. CAMERON, J. CAMMIN, S. CAMPANA, M. CAMPANELLI, V. CANALE, F. CANELLI, A. CANEPA, J. CANTERO, L. CAPASSO, M.D.M. CAPEANS GARRIDO, I. CAPRINI, M. CAPRINI, M. CAPRIO, M. CAPUA, R. CAPUTO, C. CARAMARCU, R. CARDARELLI, L. CARDIEL SAS, T. CARLI, G. CARLINO, L. CARMINATI, B. CARON, S. CARON, C. CARPENTIERI, G.D. CARRILLO MONTOYA, S. CARRON MONTERO, A.A. CARTER, J.R. CARTER, J. CARVALHO, D. CASADEI, M.P. CASADO, M. CASCELLA, C. CASO, A.M. CASTANEDA HERNADEZ, E. CASTANEDA-MIRANDA, V. CASTILLO GIMENEZ, N.F. CASTRO, F. CASTROVILLARI, G. CATALDI, F. CATANEO, A. CATINACCIO, J.R. CATMORE, A. CATTAI, G. CATTANI, S. CAUGHRON, D. CAUZ, A. CAVALLARI, P. CAVALLERI, D. CAVALLI, M. CAVALLI-SFORZA, V. CAVASINNI, A. CAZZATO, F. CERADINI, C. CERNA, A.S. CERQUEIRA, A. CERRI, L. CERRITO, F. CERUTTI, M. CERVETTO, S.A. CETIN, F. CEVENINI, A. CHAFAQ, D. CHAKRABORTY, K. CHAN, J.D. CHAPMAN, J.W. CHAPMAN, E. CHAREYRE, D.G. CHARLTON, S. CHARRON, S. CHATTERJII, V. CHAVDA, S. CHEATHAM, S. CHEKANOV, S.V. CHEKULAEV, G.A. CHELKOV, H. CHEN, L. CHEN, S. CHEN, T. CHEN, X. CHEN, S. CHENG, A. CHEPLAKOV, V.F. CHEPURNOV, R. CHERKAOUI EL MOURSLI, V. TCHERNIATINE, D. CHESNEANU, E. CHEU, S.L. CHEUNG, L. CHEVALIER, F. CHEVALLIER, V. CHIARELLA, G. CHIEFARI, L. CHIKOVANI, J.T. CHILDERS, A. CHILINGAROV, G. CHIODINI, V. CHIZHOV, G. CHOUDALAKIS, S. CHOURIDOU, T. CHRISTIANSEN, I.A. CHRISTIDI, A. CHRISTOV, D. CHROMEK-BURCKHART, M.L. CHU, J. CHUDOBA, G. CIAPETTI, E. CICALINI, A.K. CIFTCI, R. CIFTCI, D. CINCA, V. CINDRO, M.D. CIOBOTARU, C. CIOCCA, A. CIOCIO, M. CIRILLI, M. CITTERIO, A. CLARK, P.J. CLARK, W. CLELAND, J.C. CLEMENS, B. CLEMENT, C. CLEMENT, D. CLEMENTS, R.W. CLIFFT, Y. COADOU, M. COBAL, A. COCCARO, J. COCHRAN, R. COCO, P. COE, S. COELLI, J. COGGESHALL, E. COGNERAS, C.D. COJOCARU, J. COLAS, B. 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ZUR NEDDEN, and V. ZUTSHI
Subjects: Top quark, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Atlas detector, Single, W Plus T, ATLAS, Single top-quark, W+t, 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], w boson, QA, QC, Detectors de radiació, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, Atlas (topology), Acceleradors de partícules, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, W plus t, W+tW+t, Top-Quark, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Atlas, LHC, Particle Physics - Experiment, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas, Ciências Físicas [Ciências Naturais], FOS: Physical sciences, Top Quark, ddc:500.2, Partícules (Física nuclear), Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas, top quark, Science & Technology, ATLAS detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Física, single top-quark, atlas, w plus t, Pair production, HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: This Letter presents evidence for the associated production of a W boson and a top quark using 2.05 fb[superscript −1] of pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV accumulated with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on the selection of the dileptonic final states with events featuring two isolated leptons, electron or muon, with significant transverse missing momentum and at least one jet. An approach based on boosted decision trees has been developed to improve the discrimination of single top-quark Wt events from background. A template fit to the final classifier distributions is performed to determine the cross-section. The result is incompatible with the background-only hypothesis at the 3.3σ level, the expected sensitivity assuming the Standard Model production rate being 3.4σ. The corresponding cross-section is determined and found to be σ[subscript Wt]=16.8±2.9 (stat)±4.9 (syst) pb, in good agreement with the Standard Model expectation. From this result the CKM matrix element |V[subscript tb]| = 1.03[[subscript −0.19][superscript +0.16]] is derived assuming that the Wt production through |V[subscript ts]| and |V[subscript td]| is small., European Organization for Nuclear Research, United States. Dept. of Energy, National Science Foundation (U.S.), Brookhaven National Laboratory
Published: 2012

45. Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurement of atmospheric production depth

Author: Adrian J. Matthews, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, David Walz, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, T. Huege, A. Parra, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, V. Pirronello, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, F. Gate, Iuri Muniz Pepe, L. Tomankova, G. Navarra, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, van den Ad M Berg, C. Jarne, M. Prouza, J. Kleinfeller, A. Aab, L. Caramete, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, A. C. Fauth, Kai Daumiller, Peter Schiffer, B. Vlcek, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, L. del Peral, P. Abreu, M. S. A. B. Leão, H. Lyberis, E.M. Holt, D. Ravignani, A. Saleh, Maria-Teresa Dova, R. Alves Batista, D. Kruppke-Hansen, O. Ravel, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, D. Nosek, Johannes Schulz, A. van Vliet, V. Scherini, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, S. Maldera, M. Pimenta, F. Diogo, M. Videla, G. Cocciolo, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Marcio Aparecido Muller, D. Maurizio, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, B. Revenu, Sarka Wykes, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Jing Zhou, J. C. Diaz, M. Risse, Julien Aublin, Alexandra Saftoiu, Jaime Rosado, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, M. Zimbres Silva, O. Kambeitz, R. M. de Almeida, F. Werner, Markus Ahlers, S. Riggi, T. Rossler, Eric Mayotte, M. Ave, M. Gómez Berisso, S. J. De Jong, Octavian Fratu, B. Wilczynska, J. D. Swain, E. Varela, T. Suomijaervi, N. Griffith, Lu Lu, N. T. Thao, J. Maller, S. J. Saffi, U. Froehlich, R. Cester, M. Avenier, J. Stapleton, M. Zavrtanik, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. Pallotta, N. Kunka, G. Marsella, J. R. Vázquez, D. Garcia-Gamez, E. J. Quel, Michael Unger, M. Platino, M. Monasor, Iván Sidelnik, N. Scharf, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, M. Buscemi, A. Curutiu, A. Lopez Agueera, A. Kaeaepae, M. Palatka, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, I. A. Minaya, P. Heimann, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, M. Will, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, Ugo Giaccari, B. Keilhauer, Béatrice Fuchs, P. W. Younk, Niraj Dhital, M. Hrabovsky, Alexey Yushkov, Jörg R. Hörandel, G. Garilli, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, C. Hojvat, Francisco J. Blanco, Jan Ebr, J. Allen, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, A. Weindl, I. Valiño, Xavier Bertou, V. Purrello, Paul Sommers, L. Nellen, Max Malacari, Markus Lauscher, A. Zepeda, A. Filevich, Alina Mihaela Badescu, A. Smialkowski, Dusan Mandat, Raul Sarmento, F. Gomez Albarracin, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, D. Monnier Ragaigne, O. A. Taborda, Piotr Homola, M. J. Cooper, John N. Matthews, C. Morello, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, J. Rautenberg, Yingchun Zhu, I. Al Samarai, J. Neuser, F. Salamida, Pedro Assis, G. Matthiae, F. Sánchez, P. Facal San Luis, A. Etchegoyen, M. Josebachuili, C. J. Todero Peixoto, A. Schmidt, H.O. Klages, H. Martinez, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, M. Ambrosio, Antonio Bueno, A. Petrolini, S. Le Coz, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, G. Parente, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Libor Nozka, Javier Tiffenberg, Sergio Pastor, Sasa Micanovic, O. Wainberg, D. Nitz, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, H. Bluemer, A. Gorgi, Y. Guardincerri, S. Messina, N. Krohm, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, M. Muenchmeyer, A. P. Ferguson, Peter L. Biermann, Petr Schovanek, Esteban Roulet, Jan Pękala, A. Chiavassa, G. S. Varner, Hernan Wahlberg, L. Ochilo, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, B. Sarkar, B. Tome, H. Schoorlemmer, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, S. Jansen, E. Petermann, Gualberto Avila, B. García, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, Christian Glaser, A. Criss, Miroslav Pech, Guenter Sigl, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Paolo Privitera, L. R. Wiencke, D. Martraire, Lukas Middendorf, Christine Peters, Ingomar Allekotte, N. Palmieri, J. Espadanal, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, W. C. Brown, K. Link, R. R. Prado, M. C. Maccarone, A. Dorofeev, Darko Veberič, Pavel Horvath, A. Menshikov, L. Latronico, G. Torralba Elipe, R. Krause, Maria Rita Coluccia, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, M. Ludwig, C. E. Santo, Angela V. Olinto, M. Urban, R. J. Lauer, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, M. S. Sutherland, J. de Oliveira, A. C. Rovero, L. Valore, S. Navas, Martin Erdmann, M. Melissas, Igor Katkov, J. F. Valdés Galicia, P. Ristori, Amin Aminaei, C. Bleve, C. Aramo, K. Weidenhaupt, Rúben Conceição, R. A. Vázquez, A. Filipčič, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, S. Grebe, A. Haungs, Eun-Joo Ahn, L. Villaseñor, I. Rodriguez Cabo, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, J. L. Harton, V. Marin, Pham Ngoc Diep, C. Di Giulio, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, F. Sarazin, L. Martin, M. Oliveira, Balázs Kégl, G. P. Guedes, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, S. T. Garcia Roca, Sofia Andringa, Marco Cilmo, Philipp Papenbreer, I. Zaw, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, R. Squartini, François Montanet, Petr Travnicek, Vincenzo Rizi, H. J. Mathes, D. Martello, Bruno Daniel, Alejandro Almela, P. Mantsch, T. Paul, Z. Szadkowski, S. van Velzen, K. H. Becker, M.E. Ortiz, B. Caccianiga, J. Vicha, Trent D. Grubb, Hernán Asorey, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, D. Huber, M. Ziolkowski, D. Maurel, Roger W Clay, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, Juan Manuel Figueira, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Marco Giammarchi, Roberta Colalillo, J. Rodriguez Rojo, R. Bonino, A. Shadkam, I. Jandt, A. G. Mariazzi, Markus Roth, E. Menichetti, R. Gaior, A. G. Chavez, Enrique Zas, B. Zamorano, Ralf Ulrich, A. Porcelli, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Peter Hansen, Azadeh Keivani, Fernando Contreras, G. Medina-Tanco, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, G. van Aar, P. L. Ghia, F. Guarino, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Tapia, D. Garcia-Pinto, Alan Watson, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Peter Buchholz, H. Gemmeke, Paula Gina Isar, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, J. Alvarez Castillo, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, M. Szuba, I.M. Brancus, R. Piegaia, S. Quinn, G. Toma, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, A. Segreto, G. Cataldi, Nataliia Borodai, K. Islo, Radomir Smida, G. Mueller, Maurice Stephan, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, A. Schulz, E. Trovato, A. Tonachini, V. de Souza, A. Di Matteo, Lino Miramonti, J. Baeuml, B. Gookin, C. Ruehle, P.F. Gómez Vitale, B. Wundheiler, M. Blanco, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Gregory R Snow, E. M. Santos, S. H. Cheng, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, Marcus Niechciol, R. Pelayo, P. H. Kasper, B. J. Whelan, S. Querchfeld, L. Niemietz, Miguel Mostafá, Ioana Codrina Maris, N. Pacheco, J. Roberts, Tim Niggemann, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Christopher B. Williams, G. C. Hill, Colin Baus, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, C. Porowski, H. Schieler, A. Stutz, M. Fernandes, Karl-Heinz Kampert, E. Santos, Antonella Castellina, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, O. Kroemer, Jose Chinellato, P. Lautridou, A. Widom, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, R. Meyhandan, T. Fuji, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, J. Sorokin, B. D. Fox, V. Novotny, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Lebrun, D. Heck, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, L. Collica, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, Thomas Harrison, P. Pieroni, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E. Ahn, I. A. Samarai, I. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. l. Almela, J. A. Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. A. Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. s. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A. Badescu, K. Barber, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J. Beatty, K. Becker, J. Bellido, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. a. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, M. Buscemi, K. a. am, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, M. Candusso, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, A. Chavez, S. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, L. Collica, M. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, M. Cooper, S. Coutu, C. Covault, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. a. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. b. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. Dawson, R. D. Almeida, M. D. Domenico, S. b. De, J. D. Mello, I. D. Mitri, J. D. Oliveira, V. D. Souza, L. D. Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. D. Giulio, A. D. Matteo, J. Diaz, M. D. Castro, P. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J. D'Olivo, P. b. Dong, A. Dorofeev, Q. D. Hasankiadeh, M. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, C. a. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. l. Etchegoyen, P. F. San, H. b. bl, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. Ferguson, M. Fernande, B. Fick, J. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. b. Filipčič, B. Fox, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, T. Fuji, R. Gaior, B. García, S. G. Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. G. Bravo, F. Gate, H. Gemmeke, P. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, C. Glaser, H. Gla, F. G. Albarracin, M. G. Berisso, P. G. Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. b. Grebe, N. Griffith, A. Grillo, T. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. Harrison, J. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, A. Herve, G. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, E. Holt, P. a. Homola, J. b. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. b. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. Isar, K. Islo, I. Jandt, S. b. Jansen, C. Jarne, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K. Kampert, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, E. Kemp, R. Kieckhafer, H. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, G. L. Rosa, D. Lahurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. L. Coz, M. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. L. De, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. L. Agüera, K. Louedec, J. L. Bahilo, L. c. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M. Maccarone, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. Mariazzi, V. Marin, I. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. a. Martin, H. Martinez, O. M. Bravo, D. Martraire, J. M. Meza, H. Mathe, S. Mathy, A. Matthew, J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P. Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. M. Ragaigne, F. Montanet, C. Morello, J. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. Moura, M. c. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. b. Nelle, J. Neuser, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. NoŽka, L. Ochilo, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. P. Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. c. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pkala, R. Pelayo, I. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, C. Peter, S. c. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, C. Porowski, R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, V. Purrello, E. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. b. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. R. De, I. R. Cabo, G. a. Rodriguez, J. R. Rojo, M. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. Rovero, C. Rühle, S. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, A. Saleh, F. S. Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, P. Sanchez-Luca, C. Santo, E. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. b. bo, P. Schovánek, A. Schulz, J. Schulz, S. Sciutto, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, R. Squartini, Y. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. Supanitsky, M. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, O. Taborda, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, N. Thao, V. Theodoro, J. Tiffenberg, C. b. Timmerman, C. T. Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. T. Elipe, D. T. Machado, P. Travnicek, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. V. Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. V. Aar, A. V. Den, S. V. Velzen, A. V. Vliet, E. Varela, B. V. Cárdena, G. Varner, J. Vázquez, R. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, O. l. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, B. Whelan, A. Widom, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, S. Wyke, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Za, D. b. Zavrtanik, M. b. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Z. Silva, M. Ziolkowski, Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), PIERRE AUGER, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/10-LABX-0063,ILP,Institute Lagrange of Paris ( 2011 ), ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,SUPER ( 2011 ), ANR-2010-COSI-002 (SIMINOLE),ANR-2010-COSI-002 (SIMINOLE), European Project : 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET ( 2011 ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-10-COSI-0002,SIMINOLE,Méthodes de simulations pour des applications de grande échelle en physique expérimentale : inférence statistique, optimisation et apprentissage discriminant(2010), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. l., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L. s., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, M., Buscemi, K. a., Am, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, S., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, S., Coutu, C., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Daniel, S. b., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., De, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, P., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, P. b., Dong, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. a., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. l., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bl, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, F. G., Albarracin, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffith, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P. a., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. b., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, K., Islo, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G. L., Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. 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Subjects: Astrofísica, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, muons, hadronic interaction models, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Air showers, Production depth, SURFACE DETECTOR ARRAY, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, High-Energy Cosmic Rays, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Pierre Auger Observatory, Observable, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), COSMIC-RAYS, longitudinal development, Core (optical fiber), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, extensive air showers, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Ciencias Exactas, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, MODEL, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [ SDU.ASTR.HE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], muonic component, SYSTEM
Abstract: The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory provides information about the longitudinal development of the muonic component of extensive air showers. Using the timing information from the flash analog-to-digital converter traces of surface detectors far from the shower core, it is possible to reconstruct a muon production depth distribution. We characterize the goodness of this reconstruction for zenith angles around 60° and different energies of the primary particle. From these distributions, we define Xμmax as the depth along the shower axis where the production of muons reaches maximum. We explore the potentiality of Xμmax as a useful observable to infer the mass composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. Likewise, we assess its ability to constrain hadronic interaction models., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2014

46. The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: E. J. Ahn, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Maria-Teresa Dova, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, T. Huege, A. Parra, E. Petermann, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, A. F. Barbosa, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, D. Nitz, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, B. García, M. S. Sutherland, A. Filipcic, R. F. Gamarra, E. Moreno, S. R. Gozzini, Sofia Andringa, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Carola Dobrigkeit, I. Valiño, Christopher Morris, M. A. Muller, G. Marsella, M. S. A. B. Leão, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, B. Kégl, Fabian Schmidt, P. Wahrlich, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, H.O. Klages, Alan Watson, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, K. B. Barber, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, R. E. Burton, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, G. Rodriguez, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, K. Link, U. Fröhlich, C. De Donato, Miguel Mostafá, Martin Erdmann, L. Valore, J. Allen, A. P. Ferguson, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Ugo Giaccari, Dariusz Gora, G. P. Guedes, A. Gorgi, A. Shadkam, M. Palatka, J. Pe¸kala, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Karhan, V. Scherini, A. Lemiere, P. W. Younk, B. Keilhauer, Roger W Clay, M. Urban, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, G. Navarra, F. Schüssler, C. Timmermans, B. Zamorano, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, K. Louedec, P. Gonçalves, Mariangela Settimo, S. J. Sciutto, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, J. L. Harton, Alexey Yushkov, Azadeh Keivani, J. Oehlschläger, Markus Roth, Paul Sommers, N. Palmieri, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, C. Aramo, S. L.C. Barroso, T. Pierog, Dusan Mandat, O. Tascau, Brian Fick, P. Mantsch, A.M. van den Berg, K. Payet, Darko Veberič, D. Heck, Aaron S. Chou, Jose Chinellato, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Allard, P. Lautridou, A. C. Fauth, S. Jiraskova, F. Kuehn, S. Mollerach, E. Menichetti, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, Heino Falcke, Z. Szadkowski, T. Rossler, Vasiliki Pavlidou, P. L. Ghia, Osvaldo Catalano, J. R. Vázquez, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, E. Roulet, G. Wieczorek, M. Stephan, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. W. Cronin, A. Menshikov, G. Matthiae, H. Spinka, J. D. Hague, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, T. Schmidt, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, Vincenzo Rizi, A. E. Herve, A. Letessier-Selvon, J. Rautenberg, H. Schieler, D. Martello, H. Lyberis, C. Riviere, R. Ulrich, J. D. Swain, M. G. Winnick, L. R. Wiencke, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, B. Revenu, Karl-Heinz Kampert, T. Tarutina, J. Rosado, O. Krömer, J. Petrovic, H. J. Mathes, O. Wainberg, Antonella Castellina, E. Strazzeri, M. Ziolkowski, Domenico Tegolo, M. Ludwig, K. Weidenhaupt, Lorenzo Cazon, M. Risse, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Bergmann, R. Bonino, Nataliia Borodai, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Marcos Santander, M. Prouza, O. Martínez Bravo, V. H. Ponce, P. Abreu, I. M. Pepe, Maria Rita Coluccia, I. Lhenry-Yvon, G. Golup, J. Kleinfeller, F. Suarez, N. Kunka, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Sergio Dasso, H. Blümer, G. De La Vega, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, M. Pimenta, D. Ravignani, B. Wilczyńska, Warner A. Miller, R. M. de Almeida, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, W. C. Brown, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, N. T. Thao, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, Luis A. Anchordoqui, G. Parente, M. Ave, E. Trovato, Daniel Kuempel, M. Gómez Berisso, Carlos Escobar, A. Creusot, R. C. Shellard, K. Kotera, J. Stapleton, J. Rodriguez Rojo, S. Maldera, E. Kemp, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. Tonachini, M. Platino, H. R. Marquez Falcon, A. Tamashiro, F. Arqueros, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, A. Tapia, P. Necesal, L. Nožka, H. Gemmeke, Enrique Zas, A. D. Supanitsky, Y. Petrov, Hernán Asorey, P. Brogueira, C. Pfendner, D.V. Semikoz, M. Unger, Martina Bohacova, S. Westerhoff, J. Sorokin, T. Bäcker, D. Warner, C. E. Santo, R. D. Parsons, M. Wommer, Graciela B. Gelmini, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, P. Lebrun, A. Schmidt, H. Wahlberg, B. R. Becker, G. Tristram, T. Šuša, C. Di Giulio, N. Pacheco, F. Ionita, Fernando Contreras, Corbin Covault, R. Bruijn, Francisco J. Blanco, M. Ortiz, V. Marin, B. Gookin, B. Morales, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, Lino Miramonti, S. J. De Jong, J. Chauvin, I. Zaw, D. B. Tridapalli, F. Gomez Albarracin, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, M. Avenier, A. Segreto, D. Thomas, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, A. Cordier, J. Coppens, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, E. J. Quel, S. Mueller, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, K. Gesterling, Radomir Smida, Béatrice Fuchs, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. Karova, A. Filevich, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, A. Ferrero, F. Schroeder, F. Montanet, R. Pesce, J. C. dos Anjos, A. Bellétoile, J. Schovancova, G. Decerprit, A. Anzalone, V. de Souza, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, D. Garcia-Pinto, P. T. Nhung, I. C. Mariş, Rúben Conceição, S. Fliescher, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Schiffer, S. Schulte, A. Curutiu, S. Gambetta, C. Lachaud, A. Italiano, R. Piegaia, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, A. Aminaei, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, K. Arisaka, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, E. Colombo, L. Caramete, M. Will, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Javier Tiffenberg, W. Tkaczyk, Ivor Fleck, Petr Schovanek, G. Yuan, E. Grashorn, S. Riggi, A. Denkiewicz, T. Antičić, H. Schoorlemmer, E. Santos, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, M. Blanco, R. Pelayo, S. Navas, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, R. A. Vázquez, D. K. Tiwari, P. A. Kasper, L. Winders, S. Grebe, S. Petrera, R. Squartini, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, T. Paul, M. Nyklicek, N. Phan, M. Pontz, G. Medina-Tanco, Subir Sarkar, A. Gascon, Tonia M. Venters, Denise Boncioli, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, German Ros, N. Krohm, L. Nellen, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, H. Wilczyński, Matthias Balzer, P. Billoir, M. Tueros, L. del Peral, W. Fulgione, O. Ravel, Peter L. Biermann, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. Rodriguez Martino, Paolo Privitera, M. Gold, H. Rivera, Daniel Omar Badagnani, D. Melo, U. Cotti, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, J. Parrisius, A. Weindl, Iván Sidelnik, M. Kaducak, G. Cataldi, V. Verzi, C. Meurer, H. Cook, J. K. Kulbartz, E. M. Santos, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, A. Della Selva, J. L. Navarro, Ernesto Arganda, C. E. Fracchiolla, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Daniel Gonzalez, M. Videla, E. Parizot, J. C. Diaz, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, Y. Guardincerri, B. Tome, M. McEwen, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, Ralph Engel, D. H. Koang, J. Ridky, A. Stutz, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Bohácová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, H., Dembinski, A., Denkiewicz, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, D., García Gámez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, A., Gascon, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, K., Gesterling, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, D., Góra, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovský, T., Huege, M., Hussain, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafá, S., Mueller, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P. T., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R. D., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou c, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, N., Phan, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Rivière, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schüssler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, A., Smialkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, D. K., Tiwari, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, L., Winder, M. G., Winnick, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, A. V., Yushkov, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E.J, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Antičić, T, Anzalone, A, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Arisaka, K, Arqueros, F, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avenier, M, Avila, G, Bäcker, T, Badagnani, D, Balzer, M, Barber, K.B, Barbosa, A.F, Bardenet, R, Barroso, S.L.C, Baughman, B, Beatty, J.J, Becker, B.R, Becker, K.H, Bellétoile, A, Bellido, J.A, Benzvi, S, Berat, C, Bergmann, T, Bertou, X, Biermann, P.L, Billoir, P, Blanco, F, Blanco, M, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, W.C, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, R.E, Busca, N.G, Caballero-Mora, K.S, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J.A, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Clay, R.W, Colombo, E, Coluccia, M.R, Conceião, R, Contreras, F, Cook, H, Cooper, M.J, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, C.E, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B.R, De Almeida, R.M, De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, De Jong, S.J, De La Vega, G, De Mello Junior, W.J.M, De Mello Neto, J.R.T, De Mitri, I, De Souza, V, De Vries, K.D, Decerprit, G, Del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Della Selva, A, Dembinski, H, Denkiewicz, A, Di Giulio, C, Diaz, J.C, Díaz Castro, M.L, Diep, P.N, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, J.C, Dong, P.N, Dorofeev, A, Dos Anjos, J.C, Dova, M.T, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, C.O, Etchegoyen, A, Facal San Luis, P, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, A.C, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A.P, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fleck, I, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, C.E, Fraenkel, E.D, Fröhlich, U, Fuchs, B, Fulgione, W, Gamarra, R.F, Gambetta, S, García, B, García Gámez, D, Garcia-Pinto, D, Garrido, X, Gascon, A, Gelmini, G, Gemmeke, H, Gesterling, K, Ghia, P.L, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Gold, M.S, Golup, G, Gomez Albarracin, F, Gómez Berisso, M, Gonalves, P, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, J.G, Gookin, B, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, S.R, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Grigat, M, Grillo, A.F, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, G.P, Hague, J.D, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, J.L, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Herve, A.E, Hojvat, C, Holmes, V.C, Homola, P, Hörandel, J.R, Horneffer, A, Hrabovský, M, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jiraskova, S, Kadija, K, Kaducak, M, Kampert, K.H, Karhan, P, Karova, T, Kasper, P, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Keivani, A, Kelley, J.L, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R.M, Klages, H.O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapp, J, Koang, D.-H, Kotera, K, Krohm, N, Krömer, O, Kruppke-Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, J.K, Kunka, N, La Rosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lautridou, P, Leão, M.S.A.B, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui De Oliveira, M.A, Lemiere, A, Letessier-Selvon, A, Lhenry-Yvon, I, Link, K, López, R, Lopez Agüera, A, Louedec, K, Lozano Bahilo, J, Lucero, A, Ludwig, M, Lyberis, H, MacCarone, M.C, MacOlino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A.G, Marin, V, Maris, I.C, Marquez Falcon, H.R, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martin, L, Martínez Bravo, O, Mathes, H.J, Matthews, J, Matthews, J.A.J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, P.O, McEwen, M, Medina-Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Meurer, C, Mičanović, S, Micheletti, M.I, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Monnier Ragaigne, D, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, E, Moreno, J.C, Morris, C, Mostafá, M, Mueller, S, Muller, M.A, Münchmeyer, M, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, J.L, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nhung, P.T, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi-Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Palmieri, N, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parra, A, Parrisius, J, Parsons, R.D, Pastor, S, Paul, T, Pavlidou, V, Payet, K, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I.M, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Phan, N, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Ponce, V.H, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E.J, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rivera, H, Rivire, C, Rizi, V, Robledo, C, Rodriguez, G, Rodriguez Martino, J, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodriguez-Cabo, I, Rodríguez-Frías, M.D, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, A.C, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santander, M, Santo, C.E, Santos, E, Santos, E.M, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Schmidt, F, Schmidt, T, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schroeder, F, Schulte, S, Schüssler, F, Schuster, D, Sciutto, S.J, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Semikoz, D, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R.C, Sidelnik, I, Sigl, G, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G.R, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Strazzeri, E, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A.D, Šuša, T, Sutherland, M.S, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Tamashiro, A, Tapia, A, Tarutina, T, Tacu, O, Tcaciuc, R, Tcherniakhovski, D, Tegolo, D, Thao, N.T, Thomas, D, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tiwari, D.K, Tkaczyk, W, Todero Peixoto, C.J, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, D.B, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J.F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, Van Den Berg, A.M, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Vázquez, J.R, Vázquez, R.A, Veberič, D, Venters, T, Verzi, V, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, A.A, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, B.J, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyńska, B, Wilczyński, H, Will, M, Williams, C, Winchen, T, Winders, L, Winnick, M.G, Wommer, M, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zamorano, B, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Ziolkowski, M., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Auger, Fluorescence detector, Data acquisition, Auger experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS, Settore INF/01 - Informatica, Cascada atmosférica extensa, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, ultra high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, trigger, exposure, fluorescence detector, hybrid, ENERGY-SPECTRUM, Radiación cósmica, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Fluorescencia, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Ray, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Ultra high energy cosmic ray, Exposure, Nuclear physics, Optics, SHOWERS, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Hybrid, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], flux, Trigger, Experimental High Energy Physics, business, SYSTEM
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The ‘‘hybrid” detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2011

47. Simulations of mini-EUSO observations of UV phenomena in the atmosphere

Author: Alberto Cellino, A. Liberatore, Francesco Fenu, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Francesca Capel, A. Nardelli, E. Bertola, M. E. Bertaina, R. Bonino, M. Perdichizzi, L. Conti, and Gregorio Suino
Subjects: Physics, Telescope, Strange matter, Pathfinder, Meteoroid, law, Temporal resolution, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Satellite, law.invention, Space debris
Abstract: The Mini-EUSO instrument is an UV telescope to be placed aboard the International Space Sta-tion (ISS) in the framework of the JEM-EUSO project. Mini-EUSO will map the Earth in the UV range (300 - 400 nm) with a spatial resolution of 5 km and a temporal resolution of 2.5 μs. Therefore, Mini-EUSO offers an excellent opportunity to study a variety of physics phenomena such as transient luminous events and meteors, as well as searching for strange quark matter and test the detection of space debris. Mini-EUSO will serve also as a pathfinder for the study of Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays from space. A review on the expected performance of Mini-EUSO in detecting a variety of physical phenomena simulated with the EUSO Simulation and Analysis Framework (ESAF) package is described.
Published: 2017

48. The Fermi Galactic Center GeV Excess and Implications for Dark Matter

Author: Dario Gasparrini, J. Ballet, Francesco Longo, Elisabetta Bissaldi, L. Latronico, Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde, K. Tanaka, P. Bruel, A. S. Johnson, S. W. Digel, T. Ohsugi, M. Orienti, M. Ackermann, Eric Charles, Eleonora Troja, D. Malyshev, Yasunobu Uchiyama, T. H. Burnett, Soebur Razzaque, S. Maldera, F. Costanza, T. Kamae, Warit Mitthumsiri, M. Razzano, Filippo D'Ammando, John W. Hewitt, T. Jogler, G. Barbiellini, M. Kuss, M. Di Mauro, F. de Palma, D. J. Suson, W. B. Focke, T. J. Brandt, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Frederic Piron, Alice K. Harding, Diego F. Torres, Giacomo Principe, Alessandro Cuoco, W. B. Atwood, J. S. Perkins, Matthew Wood, E. Orlando, L. Tibaldo, Jingcheng Li, James Chiang, Andrea Chiappo, Francesco Giordano, Nicola Giglietto, R. Desiante, Roger Blandford, M. Caragiulo, R. A. Cameron, P. Spinelli, R. Buehler, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, Giacomo Vianello, Matteo Negro, A. Morselli, M. N. Lovellette, J. Bregeon, P. A. Caraveo, R. Bonino, Nestor Mirabal, Massimo Persic, Persis S. Drell, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, K. S. Wood, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, A. Chekhtman, P. Lubrano, S. Rainò, N. Di Lalla, Luca Baldini, Elliott D. Bloom, Claudia Cecchi, Sylvain Guiriec, Andrea Albert, F. Spada, R. Caputo, F. Gargano, Hiroyasu Tajima, S. J. Fegan, Jan Conrad, Stefan Larsson, C. Favuzzi, G. La Mura, E. J. Siskind, M. N. Mazziotta, M. Gustafsson, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Pierrick Martin, J. D. Magill, G. A. Gomez-Vargas, Anna Franckowiak, Tsunefumi Mizuno, A. Reimer, E. Hays, Stephan Zimmer, G. Chiaro, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, S. Cutini, A. A. Moiseev, D. Kocevski, T. Glanzman, F. Loparco, M. E. Monzani, Eugenio Bottacini, Alberto Manfreda, Denis Bastieri, S. Ciprini, Marco Ajello, J. B. Thayer, J. F. Ormes, P. Fusco, Stefan Funk, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, D. Simone, David Paneque, I. A. Grenier, E. Cavazzuti, David H. Green, Gloria Spandre, L. Guillemot, E. Nuss, L. Di Venere, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiappo, A., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Conrad, J., Costanza, F., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Gomez-Vargas, G. A., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Jogler, T., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., La Mura, G., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Martin, P., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Principe, G., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sanchez-Conde, M., Sgro, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Tanaka, K., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., Zimmer, S., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier ( LUPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), D’Ammando, F., Palma, F. de, Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Gomez Vargas, G. A., Mura, G. La, Longo, Francesco, Pesce Rollins, M., Rainò, S., Sánchez Conde, M., Sgrò, C., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ITA
Subjects: [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy: bulge, propagation, gamma ray: flux, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, cosmic ray, Physics, general [ISM], Galaxy: center, Galactic Center, center [Galaxy], gamma ray: emission, cosmic radiation, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Milky Way, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, bulge [Galaxy], Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, cosmic rays, Galaxy: halo, gamma rays: general, ISM: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, cross section: annihilation, Galactic halo, gas, 0103 physical sciences, conservation law, halo [Galaxy], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, bubble, Astronomy, dark matter: annihilation, Galactic plane, Galaxy, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ddc:520, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], general [gamma rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The region around the Galactic center (GC) is now well established to be brighter at energies of a few GeV than expected from conventional models of diffuse gamma-ray emission and catalogs of known gamma-ray sources. We study the GeV excess using 6.5 years of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We characterize the uncertainty of the GC excess spectrum and morphology due to uncertainties in cosmic-ray source distributions and propagation, uncertainties in the distribution of interstellar gas in the Milky Way, and uncertainties due to a potential contribution from the Fermi bubbles. We also evaluate uncertainties in the excess properties due to resolved point sources of gamma rays. The Galactic center is of particular interest as it would be expected to have the brightest signal from annihilation of weakly interacting massive dark matter particles. However, control regions along the Galactic plane, where a dark-matter signal is not expected, show excesses of similar amplitude relative to the local background. Based on the magnitude of the systematic uncertainties, we conservatively report upper limits for the annihilation cross section as function of particle mass and annihilation channel., Comment: Contact authors: A. Albert, E. Charles, A. Franckowiak, D. Malyshev, L. Tibaldo. 63 pages, 34 figures. Published in ApJ
Published: 2017

49. 3FHL: The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources

Author: Igor V. Moskalenko, Lukasz Stawarz, Olaf Reimer, Seb. Funk, Diego F. Torres, Nicola Omodei, M. Razzano, M.-H. Grondin, Filippo D'Ammando, C. Favuzzi, M. Caragiulo, Alessandro Cuoco, E. J. Siskind, Jean Ballet, R. A. Cameron, F. Piron, Stefano Ciprini, J. M. Cohen, Alice K. Harding, M. N. Mazziotta, Seth Digel, Francesco Longo, R. Desiante, S. Cutini, A. A. Moiseev, Elliott D. Bloom, Jingcheng Li, Pascal Bruel, R. Buehler, F. Spada, D. Horan, Aaron Dominguez, Stefan Larsson, Marco Ajello, J. B. Thayer, F. Loparco, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, C. C. Cheung, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, Luca Baldini, M. Takahashi, T. Reposeur, Benoit Lott, Roger Blandford, P. Fusco, Sara Buson, D. J. Thompson, M. Palatiello, R. J. Britto, John W. Hewitt, F. de Palma, Sylvain Guiriec, R. Bonino, S. J. Fegan, A. Reimer, T. A. Porter, Matthew Wood, Johan Bregeon, Giacomo Principe, E. Orlando, Julie McEnery, Kent S. Wood, F. Gargano, Nestor Mirabal, P. Fortin, Soebur Razzaque, Luca Latronico, Giacomo Vianello, G. La Mura, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, J. G. Thayer, Regina Caputo, D. Costantin, D. Dumora, A. Chekhtman, P. Lubrano, W. B. Atwood, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Vaidehi S. Paliya, M. E. Monzani, J. S. Perkins, Nicola Giglietto, E. Hays, Anna Franckowiak, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, G. Chiaro, P. A. Caraveo, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, Persis S. Drell, J. D. Magill, Eric Charles, Manuel Meyer, D. J. Suson, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, I. A. Grenier, Dario Gasparrini, Warit Mitthumsiri, E. Cavazzuti, David H. Green, Gloria Spandre, P. Spinelli, L. Di Venere, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Francesco Giordano, D. Tak, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, D. Simone, E. Nuss, David Paneque, M. Kuss, T. Ohsugi, Eleonora Troja, M. Orienti, S. Maldera, F. Costanza, Eleonora Torresi, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Gudlaugur Johannesson, Lucas Guillemot, Guido Barbiellini, Paolo Giommi, Massimo Persic, T. Glanzman, Alberto Manfreda, Denis Bastieri, Claudia Cecchi, S. Kensei, Matteo Negro, A. Morselli, P. M. Saz Parkinson, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Clemson], Clemson University, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics (SCIPP), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (INFN, Sezione di Trieste), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Stanford University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) (MPI-P), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Bari (INFN, sezione di Bari), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, George Mason University [Fairfax], Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Science Institute, University of Iceland, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Hiroshima City University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière (LIXAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Mahidol University [Bangkok], Hiroshima University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata (INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata), Istituto di Radioastronomia INAF, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), PPM Group [University of Johannesburg], Department of Geology [University of Johannesburg], University of Johannesburg (UJ)-University of Johannesburg (UJ), NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc. [Lattingtown], IEEC-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Bologna (IASF-Bo), Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bregeon, J., Britto, R. J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen, J. M., Costantin, D., Costanza, F., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Domnguez, A., Drell, P. S., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Fortin, P., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kensei, S., Kuss, M., La Mura, G., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Sgro, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, M., Tak, D., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Wood, K., Wood, M., National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Stanford University [Stanford], Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), ITA, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humboldt University Of Berlin, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ)-University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ)
Subjects: catalog, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, catalogs, gamma rays: general, FOS: Physical sciences, Energy flux, Flux, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, catalogs – gamma rays: general, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Galactic plane, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Redshift, Galaxy, Crab Nebula, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ddc:520, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [gamma rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We present a catalog of sources detected above 10 GeV by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in the first 7 years of data using the Pass 8 event-level analysis. This is the Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources (3FHL), containing 1556 objects characterized in the 10 GeV - 2 TeV energy range. The sensitivity and angular resolution are improved by factors of 3 and 2 relative to the previous LAT catalog at the same energies (1FHL). The vast majority of detected sources (79%) are associated with extragalactic counterparts at other wavelengths, including 16 sources located at very high redshift ($z>2$). Eight percent of the sources have Galactic counterparts and 13% are unassociated (or associated with a source of unknown nature). The high-latitude sky and the Galactic plane are observed with a flux sensitivity of 4.4 to 9.5$\times 10^{-11}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, respectively (this is approximately 0.5% and 1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 10 GeV). The catalog includes 214 new $\gamma$-ray sources. The substantial increase in the number of photons (more than 4 times relative to 1FHL and 10 times to 2FHL) also allows us to measure significant spectral curvature for 32 sources and find flux variability for 163 of them. Furthermore, we estimate that for the same flux limit of $10^{-12}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, the energy range above 10 GeV has twice as many sources as above 50 GeV, highlighting the importance, for future Cherenkov telescopes, of lowering the energy threshold as much as possible., Comment: Accepted by ApJS. Contact authors: Alberto Dominguez, Marco Ajello, Benoit Lott, Sara Cutini, Pascal Fortin. The full FITS catalog will be made available at the FSSC: https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/
Published: 2017

50. Fermi-LAT Observations of High-energy Behind-the-limb Solar Flares

Author: Gudlaugur Johannesson, Lucas Guillemot, Giacomo Principe, T. Ohsugi, I. A. Grenier, L. K. Kashapova, M. E. Monzani, G. Barbiellini, M. Ackermann, C. Cecchi, Matteo Negro, A. Morselli, S. Maldera, Francesco Longo, R. Desiante, Diego F. Torres, Elena Orlando, L. Latronico, Denis Bastieri, F. Spada, Valentin Pal'shin, P. Spinelli, Nicola Omodei, T. Jogler, R. Buehler, Giacomo Vianello, Jingcheng Li, C. Favuzzi, Marcello Giroletti, M. Caragiulo, S. Cutini, N. Di Lalla, M. Razzano, Filippo D'Ammando, Igor V. Moskalenko, Frederic Piron, Olaf Reimer, Alice Allafort, R. A. Cameron, Eric Charles, F. Loparco, S. Ciprini, Vahé Petrosian, P. Lubrano, Nicola Giglietto, S. Rainò, S. W. Digel, Warit Mitthumsiri, M. Kuss, M. Di Mauro, Wei Liu, Hiroyasu Tajima, E. J. Siskind, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, Francesco Giordano, Ronaldo Bellazzini, M. N. Mazziotta, F. Rubio da Costa, J. S. Perkins, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, G. La Mura, F. Costanza, Johan Bregeon, Tsunefumi Mizuno, F. Gargano, Luca Baldini, F. de Palma, Eugenio Bottacini, Alberto Manfreda, Yasushi Fukazawa, Stefan Larsson, Sylvain Guiriec, Eleonora Troja, Säm Krucker, R. Bonino, Elisabetta Bissaldi, P. Fusco, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, D. Simone, David Paneque, J. B. Thayer, J. D. Magill, E. Nuss, L. Di Venere, E. Cavazzuti, Gloria Spandre, P. Bruel, Ackermann, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Ciprini, S., Costanza, F., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Palma, F. De, Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Kashapova, L., Krucker, S., Kuss, M., Mura, G. La, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Liu, W., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Pal'Shin, V., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, O., Costa, F. Rubio Da, Sgrò, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. B., Torres, D. F., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier ( LUPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ackermann M, Allafort A, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Cameron R A, Caragiulo M, Caraveo P A, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Ciprini S, Costanza F, Cutini S, DAmmando F, de Palma F, Desiante R, Digel S W, Di Lalla N, Di Mauro M, Di Venere L, Drell P S, Favuzzi C, Fukazawa Y, Fusco P, Gargano F, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Grenier I A, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Kashapova L, Krucker S, Kuss M, La Mura G, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Liu W, Longo F, Loparco F, Lubrano P, Magill J D, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Mazziotta M N, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monzani M E, Morselli A, Moskalenko I V, Negro M, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Pal’shin V, Paneque D, Perkins J S, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Piron F, Principe G, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer O, Rubio da Costa F, Sgrò C, Simone D, Siskind E J, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Tajima H, Thayer J B, Torres D F, Troja E, Vianello G, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Sun: flares, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sun: flares – Sun: X-rays, gamma rays, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, flare [Sun], law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Coronal mass ejection, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Photosphere, Solar flare, Bremsstrahlung, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, gamma rays, Sun: X-rays, gamma rays, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, ddc:520, X-rays, gamma ray [Sun], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Sun: X-rays, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Flare
Abstract: We report on the Fermi-LAT detection of high-energy emission from the behind-the-limb (BTL) solar flares that occurred on 2013 October 11, and 2014 January 6 and September 1. The Fermi-LAT observations are associated with flares from active regions originating behind both the eastern and western limbs, as determined by STEREO. All three flares are associated with very fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and strong solar energetic particle events. We present updated localizations of the >100 MeV photon emission, hard X-ray (HXR)and EUV images, and broadband spectra from 10 keV to 10 GeV, as well as microwave spectra. We also provide a comparison of the BTL flares detected by Fermi-LAT with three on-disk flares and present a study of some of the significant quantities of these flares as an attempt to better understand the acceleration mechanisms at work during these occulted flares. We interpret the HXR emission to be due to electron bremsstrahlung from a coronal thin-target loop top with the accelerated electron spectra steepening at semirelativistic energies. The >100 MeV gamma-rays are best described by a pion-decay model resulting from the interaction of protons (and other ions) in a thick-target photospheric source. The protons are believed to have been accelerated (to energies >10 GeV) in the CME environment and precipitate down to the photosphere from the downstream side of the CME shock and landed on the front side of the Sun, away from the original flare site and the HXR emission., 13 pages, 14 figures published on ApJ
Published: 2017

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