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Background: A flap is a unit of tissue that is transferred from donor site to recipient site while maintaining its own blood supply. Flaps are of various shapes and forms. They can be simple advancements of skin and range up to composites of many different types of tissue. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease where there is significant elevation of blood glucose level from the normal range for prolonged periods of time. The common signs and symptoms are, frequent urination, increased thirst, increased appetite, lethargy, infections, delayed healing of wounds. The complications of surgical procedures on diabetic patients are: delayed healing, wound dehiscence and decreased immunity, thus increased incidence of infection in the surgical site. Complications of intra-oral surgical procedures include delayed healing, wound dehiscence, bone loss, periodontal derangement of teeth, infection, xerostomia causing more caries, failure of flap due to decreased vascularity. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to answer whether Envelope Flap is better than Triangular Flap or vice versa for a mandibular 3rd molar surgery. To examine the complications of choosing a specific flap design in a minor oral surgery in patients with higher susceptibility to infection due to systemic condition, which is controlled Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients, who were taken from the out-patient of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. On one side which was picked randomly for all patients, the Triangular flap was used. On the other side, the Envelope flap was used. Conclusion: The statistical analysis P value > 0.05, which shows that the difference in post operative healing between the two flaps discussed is statistically insignificant. Thus, statistically both flaps are a viable option and both show similar results, although clinically envelope flap shows better overall results.

The present study deals with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Canavalia gladiata. Antioxidant activity by nitric oxide and DPPH methods reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows good results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum percentage of inhibition when compared to the standard drug (Ascorbic acid).Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that are linked to the development of a number of degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disesase, cognitive impairment immune dysfunction, cataract and macular degeneration. Antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows better results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum zone of inhibition when compared to the the standard drug (chloramphenicol).

Facial recognition systems use advanced computing to capture facial information and compare the same with proprietary databases for validation. The emergence of data capturing intermediaries and open access image repositories have compounded the need for a holistic perspective for handling the privacy and security challenges associated with FRS. The study presents the results of a bibliometric analysis conducted on the topic of privacy, ethical and security aspects of FRS. This study presents the level of academic discussion on the topic using bibliometric performance analysis. The results of the bibliographic coupling analysis to identify the research hotspots are also presented. The results also include the systematic literature review of 148 publications that are distributed across seven themes. Both the bibliometric and systematic analysis showed that privacy and security in FRS requires a holistic perspective that cuts across privacy, ethical, security, legal, policy and technological aspects.

Cervical cancer imposes a huge global burden. Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common and feared diseases of women, and in India, it accounts for 16 per cent of total cervical cancer cases occurring globally. The situation is more alarming in the rural areas where the majority of women are illiterate and ignorant about the hazards of cervical cancer. To date, various studies have been conducted on the risk factors associated with cervical cancer. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated the reasons by which HPV infection causes carcinogenesis. Two viral oncoproteins E6 and E7could play a key role in the HPV-infected cervical cancers. It has been documented that not all integrations necessarily depend on the E6 and E7 oncogenes expression. Currently, clinical treatment managements for cervical cancer typically include surgery, radiotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment for early stage disease often is surgical therapy such as cervical conisation, total simple hysterectomy, or radical hysterectomy based on extent of spread of cervical cancer. In the recent years, a series of systemic treatments, for instance, the platinum-based chemotherapy and the recent FDA approved pembrolizumab, have applied for recurrent and advanced cervical cancer. Although screening and advanced therapeutic strategies have improved the survival rate of cervical cancer, some patients still die due to metastasis and drug resistance. Without a doubt, HPV vaccination could pre-vent the development of cervical cancer; however, many patients’ in underdeveloped countries cannot get HPV vaccination due to economic condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, mortality, and geographical distribution of cervical cancer and its risk factors in the world and study the molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer development and progression, to discover the novel molecular diagnostic methods and systemic management for cervical cancer. The findings of this study demonstrated that several factors including sexually transmitted infections, reproductive factors, hormonal influences, genetics and host factors are responsible for the incidence of cervical cancer. The results of this review study suggested that combination of biological, economic and health factors contributes to the incidence of cervical cancer. A large proportion cervical cancer can be prevented by prevention programs, lifestyle enhancement, smoking cessation, and timely and effective treatment of pre-cancerous lesions.

The Sand Casting Process And The Different Methods Used To Cast The Metals Are The Subjects Of This Paper. Casting Is A Manufacturing Process For Creating Complex Material Shapes. A Large Classification Is Needed To Understand The Metals Used By Researches, Why They Were Used, And What The Most Commonly Used Metal For Their Research Is. We Studied And Understanded The Various Types Of Sand Casting Processes Used By The Researchers In This Review Paper. And We Categorized And Graded All The Papers We Reviewed And Classified Based On Their Respective Study Areas And Material Use.

Aims and Objectives: There is a paucity of data regarding the outcomes of Heart transplantation in children from the Indian subcontinent. The data of patients under the age of 18 undergoing an isolated heart transplantation was analyzed for patient clinical profiles and risk factors for early and medium-term mortality. Hospital mortality was defined as death within 90 days of transplantation and medium-term survival as follow up of up to 6 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 97 patients operated between March 2014 and October 2019 were included in this study .Data was collected about their INTERMACS status, pulmonary vascular resistance, donor heart ischemic times, donor age, donor to recipient weight ratio and creatinine levels. Results: The age range was from 1 to 18 with a mean of 10.6 ± 4.6 years. 67 % patients were in INTERMACS category 3 or less.12 children were on mechanical circulatory support at the time of transplant. The 90 day survival was 89 %.The risk factors for hospital mortality was lower INTERMACS category (odd’s ratio 0.2143, P = 0.026), elevated creatinine (odd’s ratio 5.42, P = 0.076) and elevated right atrial pressure ( odd’s ratio 1.19, P = 0.015).Ischemic time, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and PVR index (PVRI) had no effect on 90 day survival. Kaplan Meier estimates for 5 year survival was 73 %.The medium term survival was affected by INTERMACS category (Hazard ratio 0.7, P = .078) , donor age > 25 ( Hazard ratio 1.6, P = 0.26) and raised serum creatinine values.(Hazard ratio 2.7, P = 0.012). All the survivors are in good functional class. Conclusions: Excellent outcomes are possible after heart transplantation in a pediatric population even in a resource constrained environment of a developing economy. More efforts are needed to promote pediatric organ donation and patients need to be referred in better INTERMACS category for optimal outcomes.

Nowadays energy demand is increasing speedily because of a rise in increase and way of the individuals. This leads to more issues in electricity distribution. In order to avoid such issues, a home energy management system (HEMS) has been introduced. HEMS represent the locations where energy is wasted in the homes and utilization of energy in a better way. A HEMS considers both energy generation and utilization and also provides two-way communications between the distribution centre and consumer. This paper displays a writing survey of the home vitality the board framework (HEMS). This review paper basically deliberates upon research papers related to the HEMS for different conditions and cases depending upon different climate conditions, different appliances, different controllers with algorithms, different home occupants and their living styles.

Background Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder with delusions about defects in appearance for which patients seek various treatments. Patients with BDD often seek cosmetic procedures, and orthodontic treatment is one among them. This is the first Indian study to determine the prevalence of BDD in an orthodontic outpatient department. Materials and method A total of 1184 patients with varying degrees of malocclusion completed the BDD-YBOCS questionnaire, while an experienced orthodontist assessed the severity of malocclusion with a rating scale. Results Sixty-two patients (5.2%) were screened positive for BDD. Most of the BDD-positive patients were single (p value of 0.02) and had multiple previous consultations for orthodontic treatment (p value of p value of 0.00**), and age was not statistically significant with a p value of 0.3. Conclusion From our study, the prevalence of BDD among orthodontic patients was 5.2%. The orthodontist should be aware of the high prevalence of BDD among orthodontic patients and identify the expectations of the patient at the time of history taking and refer the patient to a psychiatrist for diagnosis and appropriate management.

Introduction: Intracranial Complications (ICC) in patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media-Atticoantral Disease (CSOMAAD) is a life threatening disease. Knowing the microbiological profile of the causative organisms will help in selecting empiric antibiotic. Aim: To determine the demographic pattern and clinical presentation of patients with CSOM-AAD presenting with ICC, and to assess the microbiological profile of causative organisms. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study, where medical records of all patients diagnosed with CSOM-AAD and ICC, in a tertiary teaching hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, between July 2012 and June 2018 were reviewed. The data regarding demographics, clinical and audiological evaluation, microbiological reports were analysed. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet 2010 and was calculated as mean, median and percentages. Results: Out of total 244 patients with CSOM-AAD, 15 presented with ICC. The age range was between 17 to 41 years (median age-21years). The most common complaint was headache, n=11 (73%) and the most common complication was intracranial abscess, n=10 (67%). In three cases, sampling from different sites isolated different organisms and hence a total of 20 samples (11 from ear swab, six from abscess drained pus, two from cerebrospinal fluid and one from blood culture) were analysed. Gram Negative Bacilli (GNB) were isolated most of the times, n=10 (50%) followed by Gram Positive Cocci (GPC), n=6 (30%) and anaerobes, n=2 (10%). Most of the isolated GNB and GPC were susceptible to carbapenem and vancomycin, respectively. Conclusion: Intracranial complications are usually seen in young adults, and they present with headache, fever and ear discharge. Majority of the complications are caused by GNB. Vancomycin and carbapenem provide empiric cover for GPC and GNB, respectively

The emergence of COVID-19 has impacted heart transplantation worldwide. The pandemic has impacted donor availability and also raised issues of safety of receipients and surgical teams. In these recommendations, the Indian Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (INSHLT) has discussed the issues related to the testing and safety issues related to the donor and the recipient as well as the surgical teams. The INSHLT recommends COVID-19 testing once consent for organ donation is obtained of both the donor and the receipient. The INSHLT also recommends high-resolution computed tomography of the chest before organ donation, especially for lung donation.

To determine Ethnic differences in the frequency of the relatively common anatomical variants along with difference in anatomy of sinonasal region with surgical importance. A study was conducted to determine the frequency of anatomical variants, volumes of paranasal sinuses using computed tomography and to identify any difference between Group A consisting of people of Indian subcontinent and Group B consisting of people from north east Asian region. Volumetric analysis done using cumulative of area multiplied by slice thickness. The results were compared using Chi square test, p value