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The bioecology and infestation aspects of Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on plants are poorly known. This insect fed on the leaves of common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) for two consecutive years, which triggered its study in the following five years in Januária, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the bioecology and infestation aspects of N. platensis on P. oleracea plants in the field and laboratory. The mean duration (± SD) of the egg, larva and pupa stages was 3.6 ± 0.89, 11.5 ± 2.81 and 10.7 ± 1.97 days, respectively. The mean numbers of egg masses and eggs per female (± SD) were 3.8 ± 1.16 and 891.6 ± 116.83, respectively. The percentage of infested plants was 59, 74, 0, 78 and 75% and the mean numbers of larvae per plant (± SD) ranged from 0.7 ± 0.45 to 1.6 ± 0.49 individuals, respectively from 2015 to 2019. Neotuerta platensis larvae infested P. oleracea plants in four out of five years evaluated. Resumo Os aspectos de bioecologia e infestação de Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em plantas são pouco conhecidos. Esse inseto se alimentou das folhas de beldroega comum, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) por dois anos consecutivos, o que desencadeou seu estudo nos cinco anos seguintes em Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a bioecologia e os aspectos da infestação de N. platensis em plantas de P. oleracea em campo e laboratório. A duração média (± DP) dos estágios de ovo, larva e pupa foi de 3,6 ± 0,89, 11,5 ± 2,81 e 10,7 ± 1,97 dias, respectivamente. Os números médios de posturas e ovos por fêmea (± DP) foram de 3,8 ± 1,16 e 891,6 ± 116,83, respectivamente. A porcentagem de plantas infestadas foi de 59, 74, 0, 78 e 75% e os números médios de larvas por planta (± DP) variaram de 0,7 ± 0,45 a 1,6 ± 0,49 indivíduos, respectivamente de 2015 a 2019. Larvas de N. platensis infestaram plantas de P. oleracea em quatro dos cinco anos avaliados.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o momento adequado, após desfolha, para realizar a adubação nitrogenada no capim Mombaça e verificar se a altura de resíduo influencia no momento de adubação do capim Mombaça. O experimento foi realizado na casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis. Foi utilizado o cultivar Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e dez repetições, disposto em esquema fatorial 2x2. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois intervalos entre a desfolha e a adubação nitrogenada (0 e 7 dias) e duas alturas de resíduo (20 e 40 cm). Foram avaliadas as variáveis: altura, número de folhas, perfilhos e massa seca de forragem. O momento de adubação não alterou o desenvolvimento do capim Mombaça. A altura, número de folhas, massa seca da forragem e número de folhas por perfilhos foram influenciados pelas alturas de resíduo do capim Mombaça. Houve-se interação no momento de adubação com a altura de resíduo para o número de perfilhos. Portanto, a adubação nitrogenada no capim Mombaça pode ser realizada, independente do momento, tanto no dia quanto uma semana após a desfolha.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) management relies on adoption of preventive measures including the use of healthy nursery trees, area-wide control of the vector Diaphorina citri, and eradication of symptomatic trees. Cultural practices including tree density could contribute to HLB management. We investigated the role of tree density on the incidence of HLB using a historical dataset from commercial orchards in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The HLB incidence from 2013 to 2015 was compared through 495 blocks of different tree ages (3 to 13 years old), tree localization within the farm (edge or non-edge), and tree densities (from 220 to 714 trees·ha−1) according to the tree spacing used. Diaphorina citri was controlled rigorously in all commercial blocks using drench applications of systemic insecticides and foliar sprays of contact insecticides. The results indicated that cumulative HLB incidence was predominantly lower at higher tree densities. In addition to vector control and removal of HLB-symptomatic trees, planting of trees in high densities may reduce the proportions of HLB-infected trees, thereby contributing to improved profitability for farmers in HLB-endemic sites. In particular, this management practice should be applied at the edges of farms.

A utilização de bactérias diazotróficas na agricultura, especialmente em gramíneas, tem por finalidade incrementar a produção e produtividade aliando com menor dose ou supressão das fontes nitrogenadas aplicadas para fertilização do solo. Diante disso, o trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade da inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense via foliar com doses de nitrogênio em cobertura na produção e produtividade do trigo. O experimento foi implantado na Fazenda Bom Viver, Bairro dos Prestes em Itapeva-SP, na safra de 2016, sendo realizado em plantio direto (SPC) em área de sucessão soja e milho safrinha. Os tratamentos foram em esquema fatorial 2x4 em blocos ao acaso (DBC) sendo aplicado a formulação liquida de Azospirillum brasiliense (AbV5 com 2x108 células viáveis mL-1) na dose de 0,5 L.ha-1 via foliar e sem aplicação e posterior adubação nitrogenada com 0; 30; 60 e 90 kg.ha-1 em cobertura. Tanto a aplicação foliar de Azospirillum como a cobertura de N, foram aplicadas após 30 dias da semeadura (30 DAS). A variedade de trigo utilizada no plantio foi o Sinuelo, com manejo adotado pelo proprietário da área com aplicação de regulador de crescimento. Foram realizadas as avaliações a campo das plantas, medindo-se: a altura das plantas; espigas por metro linear; número de grãos por espiguetas; peso hectolítro; massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Pelos resultados obtidos, houve maior altura de plantas com o aumento das doses de nitrogênio em cobertura. A inoculação de Azospirillum brasiliense via foliar não mostrou interação entre as doses de nitrogênio em cobertura, não havendo estatisticamente incremento nos componentes de produtividade do trigo.

RESUMO O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a sensibilidade dos valores genéticos dos pesos corporais e as características de carcaças de codornas europeias às mudanças do gradiente ambiental (níveis da relação treonina com a lisina das dietas), do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade, por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes classes de variância residual. Os dados utilizados neste estudo são provenientes de 915 codornas de corte da linhagem LF1 e 839 da linhagem LF2, pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Foram avaliados os pesos corporais e os rendimentos da carcaça das aves. As sensibilidades dos valores genéticos às mudanças nos níveis da relação treonina:lisina (interação genótipo x ambiente) foram obtidas por modelos de regressão aleatória (utilizando normas de reação) por meio do programa Wombat, que utiliza o princípio da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML). O modelo de regressão aleatória que considerou duas classes de variância residual foi o mais indicado para a maioria das análises realizadas. Verificaram-se alterações na classificação dos valores genéticos para as duas linhagens de codornas de corte estudadas. Esse comportamento indica sensibilidade de valores genéticos aditivos às mudanças nutricionais, o que caracteriza a existência de interação genótipo x ambiente. A predição dos valores genéticos deve ser feita com o mesmo nível da relação treonina:lisina da dieta com a qual as codornas serão alimentadas no sistema de produção. ABSTRACT This research was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of breeding values of body weight and carcass traits in two lines of European quails (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the environment gradient (levels of threonine: lysine ratio of diets) from hatch to 21 days of age in two lines LF1 and LF2 using Random Regression Models with different classes of residual variance. Records are from 915 quails of line LF1 and 839 of line LF2 belonging to the Breeding Improvement Program of Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Live body weight and weights and yields of carcass, breast, and thigh and drumstick were measured. The sensitivities of breeding values to changes in threonine: lysine ratios (genotype x environment interaction) of diets were obtained by random regression models (reaction model) using the WOMBAT program using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood principle. Model considering two classes of residual variance showed the best goodness of fit. The Reaction Norms analyses indicated changes in the ranking of breeding values for both lines suggesting quails selected in one level of threonine: lysine ratio will not express all their genetic potential if fed different threonine: lysine ratio diets. This behavior indicates sensitivity of breeding values to changes in the nutrition characterizing the genotype by environment interaction. The prediction of breeding values must be performed using the same level of threonine: lysine ratio in diet the quails will be fed in the production system.

A rastreabilidade de produtos de consumo, como alimentos e medicamentos é uma tendência mundial. Embora a rastreabilidade seja um assunto rico e com conceitos conhecidos por diversas indústrias, como na indústria automobilística e alimentícia, o tema da rastreabilidade de medicamentos é um discurso recente que merece atenção. O desenvolvimento de um sistema de rastreabilidade (SR) possui alto grau de complexidade onde são necessários investimentos para a sua implantação por todos os atores da cadeia de suprimentos. Esses atores esperam, que além de atender a legislação, exista alguma captura de valor nesta implantação dos pontos de vista econômico e operacional. Neste cenário, o objetivo geral deste estudo consistiu em analisar a contribuição dos SR para criação de valor para os atores da rede de suprimentos de medicamentos (laboratórios, distribuidores e hospitais) assim como os fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) para que a adoção deste sistema crie valor tanto para as organizações como para a rede de suprimentos na totalidade. Para desenvolvimento desta pesquisa inicialmente identificou-se na literatura os possíveis valores e FCS e em uma segunda fase confrontando e priorizando esses resultados utilizando o método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) com profissionais envolvidos em projeto-pilotos de rastreabilidade. Os resultados indicaram os FCS destacando: envolvimento da alta direção, qualidade da informação e do sistema rastreabilidade, governança dos dados, revisão das tarefas e operações internas, transparência, autenticidade e acesso, interoperabilidade e suporte de fornecedores. Consumer products traceability such as food and medicines are a worldwide trend. Although, traceability is a rich subject with concepts known by many industries, such as in the automotive and food industry, the topic of drug traceability is a recent discourse that merits attention. The development of a traceability system (TS) holds a high degree of complexity where investments are required for the implementation of an SR by all actors in the supply chain. These actors expect that in addition to complying with the legislation, there is some value in capturing with the implementation of TS from the economic and operational points of view. In this scenario, the general objective of this study is to analyze the contribution of TS to value creation for the actors of the drug supply chain (laboratories, distributors and hospitals) as well as the critical success factors (CSF) within the adoption of this system to create value both for organizations as to the network in its total.For the development of this research, it was initially identified in the literature the possible values and CSF and in a second phase confronting and prioritizing these results using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with professionals involved in traceability pilot projects. The results indicated the CSF highlighting: High-level Involvement, Information Quality and System Traceability, Data Governance, Task Review and Internal Operations, Transparency, Authenticity and Access, Interoperability, and Supplier Support.

This article presents a refinement of the rotating-angle softened truss model (RA-STM) for prestressed concrete (PC) membrane elements. To refine the RA-STM, an efficient solution procedure...

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da formulação de rações para frangos de corte de crescimento lento, com a utilização de valores de energia metabolizável (EMAn) dos alimentos determinados por linhagens de crescimento rápido e lento, sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, biometria de órgãos digestórios e valores energéticos das rações experimentais. Utilizaram-se 72 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Isa Label, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (energia dos alimentos) e seis repetições de seis animais cada. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos consistiram na formulação de rações baseadas na energia do milho e no farelo de soja determinados com frangos Cobb (EMAn Cobb) e Isa Label (EMAn Isa Label). O experimento foi conduzido na fase inicial, e as aves consumiram as dietas por 28 dias. A formulação da dieta baseada na EMAn Cobb e Isa Label não afetou o desempenho, a biometria de órgãos digestórios e as características de carcaça de aves de crescimento lento. Porém, a dieta formulada com a EMAn Isa Label resultou em melhor conversão calórica e menor deposição de gordura abdominal na carcaça das aves. EMAn da ração semelhante ao nível calculado foi determinada com a formulação baseada na EMAn do milho e do farelo de soja determinada com a linhagem Isa Label (2.750 x 2.728 kcal/kg). Os valores de EMAn do milho e do farelo de soja determinados com aves Isa Label não afetam o desempenho dos frangos de crescimento lento, porém resultam em menor gordura abdominal, atendendo aos anseios dos consumidores de aves alternativas. We conducted this work aiming to evaluate the effect of using the metabolizable energy of food, determined by different strains (AMEn Cobb and AMEn Isa Label), on diet formulation for slow growing broilers on the performance, carcass characteristics, biometrical morphometry measures of digestive organs and energetic values of the experimental diets. A total of 72 male broiler chickens, Isa Label, were used and the experiment followed a randomized blocks design with two treatments (feedstuff energy), and six replicates of six birds each. The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments consisted in formulating diets using the energy of corn and soybean meal determined by Cobb and Isa Label strains. The experiment was conducted in the starter phase and the birds consumed the diets for 28 days. The diet formulated based on AMEn Cobb or Isa Label did not affect the performance, biometrical and morphometry measures of digestive organs and carcass characteristics. However, the diet formulated according to AMEn Isa Label resulted in better caloric conversion, bioeconomic energetic conversion and lower deposition of abdominal fat. AMEn of the diets similar to those calculated levels were determined with the formulation based on AMEn of corn and soybean meal determined for the line Isa Label (2.750 x 2.728 kcal/kg). Values of AMEn of corn and soybean meal determined with Isa Label strains not affect the performance of slow growing broilers, but resulted in lower abdominal fat according to the desires of consumers for alternative poultry.

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou apresentar a caracterização da morfologia do testículo de cutia (Dasyproctaprymnolopha) macho, com o intuito de colaborar com o conhecimento da morfofisiologia reprodutiva da espécie. Foram utilizados testículos de 47 animais, com idade entre um e dois anos, pesos homogêneos (2,08 ± 0,23kg), oriundos do Núcleo de Estudos e Preservação de Animais Silvestres do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Piauí. As estruturas foram dissecadas, descritas, e fragmentos foram processados para a microscopia de luz, sendo, posteriormente avaliada a atividade gonadal. Observou-se que os testículos são órgãos elipsoides alongados, podendo ser encontrados na região inguinal ou na cavidade abdominal, não apresentando um escroto bem delimitado. Verificou-se também parênquima com característica histológica padrão para o órgão em mamíferos, com a identificação de oito tipos de associações celulares, caracterizando os estádios do ciclo do epitélio seminífero, com menor e maior frequência dos estádios 3 e 5, respectivamente. ABSTRACT This study meant to characterize the morphology of the testicle from (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) agouti males, in order to collaborate with the knowledge of reproductive morphophysiology of the specie. Testicles were used from 47 animals aged between 1 and 2 years, homogeneous weight (2.08±0.23kg), coming from the Centre for the Study and Conservation of Wild Animals of Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Piauí. The structures were dissected, described and fragments were processed for light microscopy, and, subsequently, gonadal activity was evaluated. Testes were observed to be elongated ellipsoidal bodies that can be found in the groin or in the abdominal cavity, not having a clearly defined scrotum. We also could see parenchymal with standard histological characteristic for the mammalian body, with the identification of eight types of cell associations, characterized epithelium Seminiferous stages of the cycle, with lower and higher frequency of stages 3 and 5, respectively.

Physical exercise is one of the most effective non-pharmacological interventions aimed to improve mobility and independence in older persons. The effect of physical exercise and the most effective type of exercise in frail older persons remain undefined. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of physical exercise on frail older persons. Seven databases were search for randomized control trials which assessed the effect of exercise on participants who were identified as being frail using specific and validated criteria. Nine articles were reviewed from eight studies, from which seven used a validated definition of frailty. Based on the articles analyzed in our systematic review, the evidence suggests that exercise has a positive effect on various measures used to determine frailty including cognition, physical functioning, and psychological wellbeing. Some studies revealed that exercise may prevent or delay the onset of frailty which can enhance quality of life in older adults. Despite the evidence for exercise interventions in frail older adults, it appears that there is no clear guidance regarding the most effective program variables. The reviewed studies were generally long in duration (≥6 months) with sessions lasting around 60 minutes performed three or more times per week, including multicomponent exercises. In conclusion, although exercise interventions appear to be effective in managing the various components of frailty and preventing/delaying the onset of frailty, the most effective exercise program in this population remains unidentified.

Summary What is known and objectives Patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bariatric (RYGB) surgery present a reduced absorption site, and special attention should therefore be taken when prescribing oral-dosage forms. This study was carried out to investigate the extent to which non-bariatric clinicians are aware of this issue when prescribing medicines for this population, and what type of information is available to aid them in their decision-making. Methods Two questionnaires were created, one for non-bariatric clinicians and another for their patients who had undergone RYGB surgery, to gather information about the prescription practices for this population. Additionally, a literature search of pharmacokinetic studies on bariatric patients and recommended prescription practices was carried out. Results and discussion Of the 62 non-bariatric clinicians surveyed, 50% believed RYGB surgery interferes with drug absorption; however, 68% still prescribed tablets as the first choice form of dosage. Young clinicians (35%) were less likely to believe that RYGB surgery could affect drug absorption than experienced clinicians (43%). The main reasons for changing dosage forms were patient complaints about efficacy or difficulty in swallowing tablets. Of the 73 patients, 43 were taking drugs in tablet form after the surgery, 24 of whom had health issues unrelated to the surgery. None of the journals read by the clinicians contained pharmacokinetics (PK) studies involving bariatric surgery patients or presented recommendations for the prescription of oral-dosage forms for this population. The literature search revealed a total of 22 drugs that had undergone PK studies in RYGB patients. Fifteen of them were reported to have decreased effects, 12 of which were administered as tablets. What is new and conclusion There is still a relative lack of clinical evidence to guide clinicians when prescribing medicines for bariatric patients. It is therefore recommended that pharmacists should have greater participation in the prescription process to advise non-bariatric clinicians and educate RYGB surgery patients to help avoid therapeutic failure.

Sera of 11 wild Cerdocyon thous foxes from an endemic area for American visceral leishmaniasis were tested for the presence of antibodies against salivary gland homogenates (SGH) of Lutzomyia longipalpis. All foxes had higher levels of anti-Lu. longipalpis SGH antibodies than foxes from non-endemic areas, suggesting contact between foxes and the vector of visceral leishmaniasis. Sera of humans and dogs living in the same area were also tested for reactivity against Lu. longipalpis SGHs and had a lower proportion of reactivity than foxes. Antibodies against Leishmania chagasi were not detected in any of the foxes, but three foxes showed the presence of parasites in the bone marrow by direct examination, PCR or by infecting the vector. Both humans and dogs had higher levels of anti-Le. chagasi IgG antibodies than C. thous. The finding of an antibody response against saliva of Lu. longipalpis among C. thous together with the broad distribution of the vector in resting areas of infected foxes suggests that the natural foci of transmission of Le. chagasi exists independently of the transmission among dogs and humans.

Bone marrow aspirates are believed to provide a safer but less sensitive method in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) compared with splenic aspirates. We examined the effect of the number of fields and the time of observation on bone marrow smear sensitivity and compared it to our experience with spleen aspiration. Bone marrow smears of 98 patients and splenic aspirates from 120 patients were examined. Among 87 patients with VL, the sensitivity of bone marrow aspirates was 40.2%, 65.5%, 89.7%, 92%, and 95.4% at 1, 5, 20, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively. The sensitivity of spleen aspirate examination was 93% for 114 patients. One patient died of shock after spleen aspiration. A bone marrow smear is very sensitive if examined thoroughly, reaching a sensitivity similar to that of spleen aspirate. We propose that a bone marrow smear be established as the technique of choice for the parasitologic diagnosis of VL.

O trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a demanda energética e a eficiência da distribuição de sementes de uma semeadora-adubadora para semeadura direta, submetida à variação de velocidade e condições de solo, na semeadura da cultura do milho. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um Nitossolo Vermelho distrófico, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, no município de Botucatu - SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com oito repetições, combinando-se três velocidades de deslocamento (4,4; 6,1 e 8,1 km h-1) e duas condições de solo (solo manejado sob sistema de plantio direto há cinco anos e solo preparado com escarificador há 18 meses). Avaliaram-se a força de tração, a potência na barra de tração, o consumo de combustível, a capacidade de campo efetiva, a distribuição longitudinal de plantas, o coeficiente de variação, o índice de precisão e o número de plantas por hectare (estande inicial). Os resultados revelaram que, aumentando-se a velocidade de 4,4 para 8,1 km h-1, consegue-se aumentar em 86% a capacidade operacional, com incremento de 96% na demanda de potência na barra de tração e redução de 26% no consumo operacional de combustível. A maior velocidade (8,1 km h-1) proporcionou menor porcentual de espaçamentos normais e aumento no porcentual de espaçamentos múltiplos e falhos, maior coeficiente de variação e pior índice de precisão. A variação da velocidade não interferiu no número de plantas por hectare.This work evaluated the energetic demand and distribution efficiency of corn seeds in a no-till seeder when submitted to travel speed and soil condition variation. The study was developed in a soil classified as Ultissoil, at Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Botucatu Country, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was in a randomized block with eight repetitions, being the treatments a combination of three displacement speeds (4.4; 6.1 and 8.1 km h-1) and two soil conditions (soil carried out under no tillage system during those last five years, soil prepared with chisel plow 18 months before seeding). Parameters of traction force, power, fuel consumption, effective field capacity, longitudinal distribution of plants, variation coefficient, precision index and initial plants stand were appraised. The results showed that increasing the speed of 4.4 to 8.1 km h-1, increases 86% the operational capacity of the group tractor/seeder, increasing 96% the power demand in the traction bar and reduction of 26% in the operational fuel consumption. The fastest speed (8.1 km h-1) provided a smaller percentile of normal spacing and an increasing in the percentile of multiple and fail spacing, larger variation coefficient and worse precision index. The speed variation didn't interfere in the plant stand.

Analytical Chemistry books lack a clear link between thermodynamic and equilibrium approaches involving acids and bases. In this work, theoretical calculations were performed to search for these relations. An excellent relationship was found between difference in Gibbs free energy, ∆G of acid dissociation reaction and ∆G of hydrolysis reaction of the corresponding conjugate base. A relationship between ∆G of hydrolysis reaction of conjugate acids and their corresponding atomic radius was also identified, showing that stability plays an important role in hydrolysis reactions. Finally, the importance of solvation in acid/base behavior was demonstrated when comparing the corresponding theoretical and experimental ∆G´s.

A adsorção de fosfato pelo solo pode causar a dispersão de partículas, alterando sua porosidade e a relação solo-água, especialmente em solos oxídicos. Portanto, parâmetros do solo variáveis com o conteúdo de água, como os limites de consistência e índices de compressão, podem, indiretamente, ser influenciados pela adsorção desse íon. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adsorção de fosfato no índice de compressão e nos limites de consistência de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro da microrregião dos Campos da Mantiqueira (MG), Brasil. Amostras do solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-0,03 m e 0,27-0,30 m. Metade das amostras recebeu fosfato durante a fase de pré-umedecimento no laboratório, com P suficiente para atingir a capacidade de adsorção. Foram determinados os limites de consistência e o índice de compressão, este representado pela inclinação da reta de compressão virgem da curva de compressão. Os valores do índice de compressão foram mais elevados para a camada superficial, tanto na condição com P quanto na sem P, significando maior predisposição à compactação. Os limites de consistência e o índice de compressão foram mais elevados para condição com P. Embora o teor de água ótimo para a maior resposta à compactação esteja dentro da faixa de plasticidade na camada superficial, o que significa menor risco de compactação com o solo preparado na faixa de friável, o solo ainda seria susceptível à compactação, uma vez que esses valores estão na faixa de friabilidade para a camada de 0,27-0,30 m; camada esta que coincide com a profundidade de corte de alguns dos implementos de preparo do solo. Phosphate sorption can cause particle dispersion, changing soil porosity, and affecting soil-water relationships, mainly in oxidic soils. Therefore, it can also affect water-related parameters, such as consistence limits and response to soil compaction. The objective of this study was to test the effect of phosphate sorption on consistence limits and compression indexes of undisturbed samples from 0-0.03 and 0.27-0.3 m-layers of a Dark Red Latosol from Campos das Vertentes, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phosphate was added to half of the samples, during the pre-wetting phase of the compressibility test, in order to reach their maximum sorption capacity. Compression index represents the slope of the virgin part of the compression curve. The surface layer showed higher compression indexes for both P and no P conditions. This means higher compaction with increasing loads on the samples. Consistence limits and compression index were higher in the P-added samples. Although the optimum moisture for maximum compression index of the surface layer was within the plasticity range at the surface-layer sample, which means lower risk to compaction, the soil would still be susceptible to compaction because these values were within the friability range at the 0.27-0.30 m layer sample, which is the depth affected by most of the plowing practices.

Harvard School of Public Health. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases. Boston, Massachusetts / Universidade Federal do Piau?. Hospital de Doen?as Infecto-Contagiosas. Departamento de Medicina Comunit?ria. Teresina, PI, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Piau?. Hospital de Doen?as Infecto-Contagiosas. Departamento de Medicina Comunit?ria. Teresina, PI, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Piau?. Hospital de Doen?as Infecto-Contagiosas. Departamento de Medicina Comunit?ria. Teresina, PI, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Piau?. Hospital de Doen?as Infecto-Contagiosas. Departamento de Medicina Comunit?ria. Teresina, PI, Brasil. Universidade de S?o Paulo. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biom?dicas. Departamento de Parasitologia. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Harvard School of Public Health. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases. Boston, Massachusetts The failure of control programs for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) that depend on elimination of infected dogs suggests that other reservoir hosts may participate in the transmission cycle. To determine whether persons infected with Leishmania chagasi can infect the vector sand fly, laboratory-reared Lutzomyia longipalpis were allowed to feed on Brazilian subjects with active, cured, and asymptomatic VL and on asymptomatic residents of houses of persons with active VL. Of 3747 insects that had fed, 26 acquired infection from 11 of the 44 persons with active VL, but none acquired infection from the 137 asymptomatic persons. Among persons

(±)-Convolutamydine A ( 5 ) has been prepared by a concise synthesis form 3,5-dibromoaniline using a modified Sandmeyer methodology. The modified Sandmeyer methodology has also been found to be beneficial for the synthesis of other α-isonitrosoacetanilides. The 4,6-dibromohydrocyoxindole nucleus was further confirmed by comparison with the isomeric 5,7-dibromohydroxyoxindole.

Delirium também conhecido como estado confusional agudo é uma alteração cognitiva definida por início agudo, curso flutuante, distúrbios da consciência, atenção, orientação, memória, pensamento, percepção e comportamento. É condição cada vez mais comum entre pacientes hospitalizados e acomete, preferencialmente, pacientes idosos e debilitados. Trata-se de emergência médica, já sendo comprovadas maiores taxas de mortalidade, maior tempo de internação e maiores índices de institucionalização quando do episódio de delirium.O mecanismo fisiopatológico ainda não está bem definido, sendo a alteração na neurotransmissão o mecanismo mais provável. A abordagem do paciente deve incluir a identificação de fatores predisponentes e precipitantes, com intervenções adequadas a cada um visando à resolução do quadro. Apresenta-se por alteração do nível de consciência, déficit de atenção e outros distúrbios da cognição, podendo se apresentar na forma hiperativa, hipoativa ou mista. Apesar de já estar bem definido, por diversas vezes passa despercebido aos profissionais de saúde. A principal medida na abordagem de delirium é a prevenção, e são necessárias medidas institucionais e treinamento dos profissionais de saúde. O tratamento não-farmacológico consiste em medidas que evitem os fatores responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento do delirium , sendo a primeira opção na abordagem inicial. O tratamento farmacológico se reserva aos pacientes com agitação importante, com risco de trauma físico, e que não apresentem resposta às medidas não-farmacológicas. Por sua frequência e importância como fator prognóstico, o delirium deve ser abordado de forma sistematizada, com a elaboração de fluxogramas de atendimento e definição de medidas uniformizadas para cada instituição. .

(±)-Convolutamydine A ( 5 ) has been prepared by a concise synthesis form 3,5-dibromoaniline using a modified Sandmeyer methodology. The modified Sandmeyer methodology has also been found to be beneficial for the synthesis of other α-isonitrosoacetanilides. The 4,6-dibromohydrocyoxindole nucleus was further confirmed by comparison with the isomeric 5,7-dibromohydroxyoxindole.

This article presents the analysis generated by the primary resistance measurement system based on the Quantum Hall Effect, currently being implemented in the Quantum Electrical Metrology Laboratory (Lameq) of the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro). It has as reference the calibration results emitted by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) for the reference resistors maintained by the Electrical Standardization Metrology Laboratory (Lampe), also of Inmetro, thus offering a preliminary parameter of the compatibility status between the primary systems of these two institutions.

A method for the determination of free and total sulfur dioxide in wines, based on the use of an optical sensor that employs a dichlorobis(diphenylphosphino)methane dipalladium I complex [Pd(2)(dppm)(2)Cl(2)] immobilized in a PVC membrane plasticized with o-nitrophenyloctylether (o-NPOE) is described. A sensing membrane [4.2% Pd(2)(dppm)(2)Cl(2), 20.8% PVC, and 75% o-NPOE] was adapted to the tip of a bifurcated optical fiber bundle to perform reflectance measurements at 550 nm. The detection system consisted of two cells (40 mL), which hold the sample solution (plus reagents) and the optical sensor, respectively. For the determination of free SO(2), a wine sample was mixed with H(2)SO(4) solution in the sample cell, into which N(2) was bubbled, providing mixing of the solutions and conducting the SO(2) formed toward the detection cell. For determination of total SO(2), a KOH solution was mixed with the wine in the sample cell. Afterward, an H(2)SO(4) solution was added to the cell, and then N(2) was bubbled to conclude the measurement. Linear responses up to 50 and 150 mg L(-1) were obtained for free and total SO(2), with detection limits of 0.37 and 0.70 mg L(-1), respectively. The repeatability of the method was evaluated by carrying out 10 measurements using a single wine sample, providing relative standard deviation values of 2.2 and 2.5% for free and total SO(2), respectively. The sensing membrane prepared from 10 muL of the cocktail solution lasted for 80 measurements, whereas those prepared from 200 muL can be used for 250 measurements. The method was applied to free and total SO(2) determination in wines, and the results did not show significant difference from those obtained with the Ripper reference method at a confidence level of 95%.

In this paper wavelength conversion via cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG) and difference frequency generation (DFG) in PPLN waveguides using an S-band diode pump laser at 1480 nm, is reported. The novelty of the result, in addition to being in the S-band, is the direct use of a high-power diode pump laser, as opposed to an EDFA-amplified diode laser pump, as is usually done in the C-band.

The aim of the study was to establish morphometrically the infraorbital foramen (IOF) location in the sagittal and transversal plan of the skull and to analyze the variations, as well as verifying the symmetry with the contralateral IOF. 210 skulls were analyzed and as exclusion criterion, were not analyzed skulls of children. Digital paquimeter was used and had been carried through two bilateral measures: a)sagittal measure; from infraorbital margin until the superior margin of the IOF; b) transversal measure, of the lateral margin of piriformis opening until the medial margin of the IOF, using the transversal plan. These measures had formed an angle of 90 between itself. The data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov to verify the Gaussian distribution and and Person's test to evaluate the correlation, considering significantly the differences that had presented a p 0,05. The mean±SD in the sagital measures were respectively; right side 6,71±1.70 mm and 6,83±1.83 mm for left side (p0.0001). Transversal measures were: right side 13,28±2.17mm and 13,31±2.19 mm for left side (p0.0001). Were observed supranumerary foramens of the IOF, with presence of the double IOF in 50 cases, being bilateral in 08 specimens, left and right side 21 specimens for each side.The IOF are not absolutely symmetrical and may present pair bilateral and or unilateral opening. The presence of the supranumerary foraminas, as well as, the morphometrics measures in this study may intervene with the anesthesia, thus, suggest that they must be considered in the anaesthesical evaluation and be remembered during the procedures used for the localization of the forame

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:49:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-69162004000100017.pdf: 157964 bytes, checksum: 95399b628c49b53b37e6e59d43ba469f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:49:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-69162004000100017.pdf: 157964 bytes, checksum: 95399b628c49b53b37e6e59d43ba469f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:43:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-69162004000100017.pdf: 157964 bytes, checksum: 95399b628c49b53b37e6e59d43ba469f (MD5) S0100-69162004000100017.pdf.txt: 30921 bytes, checksum: 6e305144614aaa9c895d121378b24894 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-69162004000100017.pdf: 157964 bytes, checksum: 95399b628c49b53b37e6e59d43ba469f (MD5) S0100-69162004000100017.pdf.txt: 30921 bytes, checksum: 6e305144614aaa9c895d121378b24894 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-69162004000100017.pdf: 157964 bytes, checksum: 95399b628c49b53b37e6e59d43ba469f (MD5) S0100-69162004000100017.pdf.txt: 30921 bytes, checksum: 6e305144614aaa9c895d121378b24894 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-01 O trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a demanda energética e a eficiência da distribuição de sementes de uma semeadora-adubadora para semeadura direta, submetida à variação de velocidade e condições de solo, na semeadura da cultura do milho. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um Nitossolo Vermelho distrófico, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, no município de Botucatu - SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com oito repetições, combinando-se três velocidades de deslocamento (4,4; 6,1 e 8,1 km h-1) e duas condições de solo (solo manejado sob sistema de plantio direto há cinco anos e solo preparado com escarificador há 18 meses). Avaliaram-se a força de tração, a potência na barra de tração, o consumo de combustível, a capacidade de campo efetiva, a distribuição longitudinal de plantas, o coeficiente de variação, o índice de precisão e o número de plantas por hectare (estande inicial). Os resultados revelaram que, aumentando-se a velocidade de 4,4 para 8,1 km h-1, consegue-se aumentar em 86% a capacidade operacional, com incremento de 96% na demanda de potência na barra de tração e redução de 26% no consumo operacional de combustível. A maior velocidade (8,1 km h-1) proporcionou menor porcentual de espaçamentos normais e aumento no porcentual de espaçamentos múltiplos e falhos, maior coeficiente de variação e pior índice de precisão. A variação da velocidade não interferiu no número de plantas por hectare. This work evaluated the energetic demand and distribution efficiency of corn seeds in a no-till seeder when submitted to travel speed and soil condition variation. The study was developed in a soil classified as Ultissoil, at Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Botucatu Country, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was in a randomized block with eight repetitions, being the treatments a combination of three displacement speeds (4.4; 6.1 and 8.1 km h-1) and two soil conditions (soil carried out under no tillage system during those last five years, soil prepared with chisel plow 18 months before seeding). Parameters of traction force, power, fuel consumption, effective field capacity, longitudinal distribution of plants, variation coefficient, precision index and initial plants stand were appraised. The results showed that increasing the speed of 4.4 to 8.1 km h-1, increases 86% the operational capacity of the group tractor/seeder, increasing 96% the power demand in the traction bar and reduction of 26% in the operational fuel consumption. The fastest speed (8.1 km h-1) provided a smaller percentile of normal spacing and an increasing in the percentile of multiple and fail spacing, larger variation coefficient and worse precision index. The speed variation didn't interfere in the plant stand. Universidade Estadual Paulista FCA Universidade Estadual Paulista FCA Departamento de Engenharia Rural Universidade Estadual Paulista FCAV Departamento de Engenharia Rural Universidade Estadual Paulista FCA Universidade Estadual Paulista FCA Departamento de Engenharia Rural Universidade Estadual Paulista FCAV Departamento de Engenharia Rural