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1. Molecular Dynamics on Hf-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr High Entropy Alloy

Author: César R. Aliaga, Luis, primary, Melhorance Barboza, Alexandre, additional, Marins de Couto, Loena, additional, and Napoleão Bastos, Ivan, additional
Published: 2024
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2. Does Diamond Stone Grinding Change the Surface Characteristics and Flexural Strength of Monolithic Zirconia?

Author: R Aliaga, Lap Pinelli, Lucas Miguel Candido, Lmg Fais, and Larissa Natiele Miotto
Subjects: Ceramics, Materials science, Surface Properties, 02 engineering and technology, Materials testing, engineering.material, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Flexural strength, Flexural Strength, Materials Testing, Yttrium, Ceramic, Composite material, General Dentistry, Monolithic zirconia, Diamond, 030206 dentistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Grinding, visual_art, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Zirconium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: SUMMARY Purpose: The present study evaluated the effect of grinding on the surface morphology, mean roughness, crystalline phase, flexural strength, and Weibull modulus of monolithic (MZ) and conventional (CZ) zirconias. Methods and Materials: CZ and MZ bars and square-shaped specimens were distributed into three subgroups, combining grinding (G) and irrigation (W) with distilled water: Ctrl (Control: no grinding, 20 × 4 × 1.2 mm and 12 × 1.2 mm), DG (dry grinding, 20 × 4 × 1.5 mm and 12 × 1.5 mm), and WG (grinding with irrigation, 20 × 4 × 1.5 mm and 12 × 1.5 mm). The grinding (0.3 mm) was performed on a standardized device using a low-rotation wheel-shaped diamond stone. The four-point flexural strength test was performed on the EMIC 2000 machine (5 KN, 0.5 mm/min). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the surface morphology. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to obtain the crystalline structures that were analyzed by the Rietveld method. Flexural strength (FS) values were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk test and two-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey's test (for all tests, α=0.05). Results: Grinding, either with or without irrigation, did not change the FS of the MZ but increased the FS of the CZ. Both MZ and CZ showed similar morphologic patterns after grinding, and in the WG groups, the grinding was more aggressive. The MZ had greater monoclinic content in all groups; grinding without irrigation caused the smallest t→m transformation. Conclusion: The grinding, when necessary, should be carried out without irrigation for conventional and monolithic zirconias.
Published: 2020
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3. Ajuste psicosocial y estado depresivo en adolescentes de centros escolares de Lima Metropolitana

Author: Mario S. Bulnes B., Carlos R. Ponce D., Rosa E. Huerta R., Roger Elizalde B., Willy R. Santivañez O., Jaime R. Aliaga T., Leni Alvarez T., and Roberto F. Calmet A.
Subjects: ajuste psicosocial, depresión, realización, bienestar, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: A partir de la preocupación por el aumento de la frecuencia de depresión y la disminución de la edad de las personas que padecen este tipo de problema, así como algunos indicadores que lo acompañan y que se encuentra dentro del concepto de desajuste psicosocial, surge la necesidad de estudiar dichos fenómenos en la población escolar. Objetivos: Demostrar la relación interdependiente de las variables ajuste psicosocial y depresión en escolares del nivel secundario de Lima Metropolitana, en función al tipo de colegio (estatal y particular) y género. Diseño: Es una investigación de tipo básica y de diseño descriptivo comparativo y correlacional. Material y método: La muestra estuvo constituida por 480 escolares de centros educativos estatales y particulares, cuyas edades oscilan entre los 12 y 17 años. Para la evaluación de la variable ajuste psicosocial, se utilizó el Inventario de Adaptación de Conducta de M. Victoria de la Cruz y Agustín Cordero, y para evaluar la variable depresión, se utilizó el Cuestionario de Depresión para niños y adolescentes de M. Lang y M. Tisher. El análisis estadístico derivó en primer lugar, en un análisis de validez y confiabilidad de las pruebas, y en segundo lugar, se realizó un análisis inferencial para la contrastación de las hipótesis planteadas. Resultados: Se ha encontrado que las dos pruebas utilizadas son altamente válidas y confiables.
Published: 2005
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4. Learning with digital recording and video review of delivery room resuscitation

Author: Morgan E, Hill, Sofia R, Aliaga, and Elizabeth E, Foglia
Subjects: Pregnancy, Delivery Rooms, Resuscitation, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Female, Quality Improvement
Abstract: Digital recording and video review of delivery room resuscitations is a proven useful tool to evaluate neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) technical and non-technical skills. It is also valuable for research, quality improvement, and individual and group learning. Digital recording and video review programs are growing in number, and planning and implementation of digital recording requires careful thought. Consideration of technology requirements, policy implementation, and stakeholder involvement is essential to implement a successful digital recording and video review program. Video review can then be applied for individual and team-based learning. An approach to sustainability and on-going quality review of the program are key components critical to success.
Published: 2022
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5. Teamwork, communication and resident leadership at resident-attended, neonatal delivery room resuscitations

Author: Andrew Z, Heling, Wayne A, Price, Kenya A, McNeal-Trice, and Sofia R, Aliaga
Subjects: Patient Care Team, Leadership, Pregnancy, Communication, Delivery Rooms, Resuscitation, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Female, Clinical Competence, Prospective Studies
Abstract: Determine if a NICU resident delivery room (DR) skills educational curriculum is associated with changes in neonatal resuscitation team characteristics, including teamwork, communication and leadership.This prospective, observational study of resident-attended neonatal resuscitations utilized team questionnaire, video assessment and chart review. Each resident NICU block included a curriculum consisting of two educational programs focusing on NRP knowledge and skills with additional emphasis on teamwork and communication strategies.Ninety-nine resuscitations met inclusion criteria. Comparing behaviors at the beginning versus end of a NICU block, residents demonstrated increased frequency of initiating leadership (31% vs. 93%, p 0.001) and maintaining leadership (19% vs. 79%, p 0.001) at low-risk, resident-attended DR resuscitations. Overall measurements of teamwork and communication were unchanged.A NICU DR skills educational curriculum is associated with increased resident leadership at low-risk DR resuscitations over the course of NICU blocks, without compromising measurements of teamwork or communication.
Published: 2020

6. Prevalencia de Neisseria gonorrhoeae y Chlamydia trachomatis en gestantes atendidas en el Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima - Perú, 1997-1998

Author: J Portilla, A Valverde, S Romero, M Suárez, R Aliaga, P Alfaro, and A Lucen
Subjects: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, prevalencia, embarazo, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Durante los meses de agosto 1997 a febrero 1998, se realizó un muestreo sistematizado a 410 gestantes que acudieron a su control al Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima, con la finalidad de realizar un estudio de prevalencia de infección por Neisseria gonorrhoeae y Chlamydia trachomatis. Las muestras consistieron en hisopados de la región endocervical, que fueron procesados para la búsqueda del Neisseria gonorrhoeae, mediante cultivo en agar Thayer Martin modificado, y detección de Chlamydia trachomatis, mediante las técnicas de ELISA de captura de antígeno, inmunofluorescencia directa y cultivo celular. No se halló Neisseria gonorrhoeae en las gestantes estudiadas, pero se encontró Chlamydia trachomatis en un 34,8%, siendo más frecuente en las edades comprendidas entre 33-37 años. Además, se observó que 80,5% de las gestantes infectadas por Chlamydia no presentaron molestias en la región genital, lo que indica que la población infectada por dicha bacteria puede pasar inadvertida por mucho tiempo, antes de ser diagnosticada, que por lo regular ocurre cuando la infección alcanza cierta complicación o cuando el recién nacido tiene problemas al nivel de las vías respiratorias o presenta tracoma.
Published: 1999

7. 1565P Clinical outcome after perioperative treatment on locally advanced and borderline pancreatic cancer: Experience of a single academic center

Author: C. Pizzo, Clara Alfaro-Cervello, I. Pascual, S. Roselló Keränen, N. Tarazona, V. Sánchiz, M. Garcés, Antonio Ferrández, Desamparados Roda, A. Cervantes, Elena Muñoz, R. Aliaga, T. Fleitas, Luis Sabater, Monica Huerta, P. Lluch, Dimitri Dorcaratto, E. Jordá, Jorge Guijarro, and A. Vera
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Oncology, business.industry, Pancreatic cancer, General surgery, Locally advanced, Medicine, Center (algebra and category theory), Hematology, Perioperative, business, medicine.disease, Outcome (game theory)
Published: 2020
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8. The New Neutron Multiplicity Filter NEDA and Its First Physics Campaign with AGATA

Author: G. Jaworski, A. Goasduff, F.J. Egea Canet, V. Modamio, T. Hüyük, A. Triossi, M. Jastrząb, P.-A. Söderström, S.M. Carturan, A. Di Nitto, G. de Angelis, G. De France, N. Erduran, A. Gadea, M. Moszyński, J. Nyberg, M. Palacz, J. Valiente, R. Wadsworth, R. Aliaga, C. Aufranc, M. Bézard, G. Beaulieu, P. Bednarczyk, E. Bisiato, A. Boujrad, I. Burrows, E. Clément, P. Cocconi, G. Colucci, D. Conventi, M. Cordwell, S. Coudert, J.M. Deltoro, L. Ducroux, T. Dupasquier, S. Ertürk, X. Fabian, V. González, A. Gottardo, A. Grant, K. Hadyńska-Klęk, A. Illana, M.L. Jurado-Gomez, M. Kogimtzis, I. Lazarus, L. Legeard, J. Ljungvall, A. Maj, G. Pasqualato, R.M. Pérez-Vidal, A. Raggio, D. Ralet, N. Redon, F. Saillant, E. Sanchis, B. Sayğı, M. Scarcioffolo, M. Siciliano, O. Stezowski, D. Testov, M. Tripon, I. Zanon, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ege Üniversitesi, Jaworski, G., Goasduff, A., Egea Canet, F. J., Modamio, V., Hüyük, T., Triossi, A., Jastrząb, M., Söderström, P. -A., Carturan, S. M., Di Nitto, A., De Angelis, G., De France, G., Erduran, N., Gadea, A., Moszyński, M., Nyberg, J., Palacz, M., Valiente, J., Wadsworth, R., Aliaga, R., Aufranc, C., Bézard, M., Beaulieu, G., Bednarczyk, P., Bisiato, E., Boujrad, A., Burrows, I., Clément, E., Cocconi, P., Colucci, G., Conventi, D., Cordwell, M., Coudert, S., Deltoro, J. M., Ducroux, L., Dupasquier, T., Ertürk, S., Fabian, X., González, V., Gottardo, A., Grant, A., Hadyńska-Klęk, K., Illana, A., Jurado-Gomez, M. L., Kogimtzis, M., Lazarus, I., Legeard, L., Ljungvall, J., Maj, A., Pasqualato, G., Pérez-Vidal, R. M., Raggio, A., Ralet, D., Redon, N., Saillant, F., Sanchis, E., Sayğı, B., Scarcioffolo, M., Siciliano, M., Stezowski, O., Testov, D., Tripon, M., Zanon, I., Jaworski, G., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy, Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland -- Goasduff, A., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, INFN, Division of Padua, Padua, Italy -- Egea Canet, F.J., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, INFN, Division of Padua, Padua, Italy, IFIC, CSIC University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain -- Modamio, V., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway -- Hüyük, T., IFIC, CSIC University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain -- Triossi, A., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, INFN, Division of Padua, Padua, Italy, CERN, Switzerland -- Jastrzab, M., Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland -- Söderström, P.-A., Extreme Light Infrastructure–Nucl. Phys. (ELI–NP), Bucharest, Romania -- Carturan, S.M., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, INFN, Division of Padua, Padua, Italy -- Di Nitto, A., Helmholtz Institute Mainz and GSI, Darmstadt, Germany -- De Angelis, G., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- De France, G., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Erduran, N., Fac. of Eng. and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey -- Gadea, A., IFIC, CSIC University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain -- Moszynski, M., National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Swierk, Poland -- Nyberg, J., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden -- Palacz, M., Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland -- Valiente, J., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- Wadsworth, R., Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom -- Aliaga, R., IFIC, CSIC University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain -- Aufranc, C., University of Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, France -- Bézard, M., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Beaulieu, G., University of Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, France -- Bednarczyk, P., Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland -- Bisiato, E., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- Boujrad, A., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Burrows, I. -- Clément, E., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Cocconi, P., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- Colucci, G., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, INFN, Division of Padua, Padua, Italy -- Conventi, D., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- Cordwell, M. -- Coudert, S., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Deltoro, J.M., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- Ducroux, L., University of Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, France -- Dupasquier, T., University of Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, France -- Ertürk, S., Department of Physics, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey -- Fabian, X., University of Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, France -- González, V., Department of Electric Engineering, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain -- Gottardo, A., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- Grant, A. -- Hadynska-Klek, K., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom -- Illana, A., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- Jurado-Gomez, M.L., IFIC, CSIC University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain -- Kogimtzis, M., qTFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, United Kingdom -- Lazarus, I., qTFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, United Kingdom -- Legeard, L., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Ljungvall, J., CSNSM, CNRS, IN2P3, University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France -- Maj, A., Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland -- Pasqualato, G., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, INFN, Division of Padua, Padua, Italy -- Pérez-Vidal, R.M., IFIC, CSIC University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain -- Raggio, A., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy -- Ralet, D., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Redon, N., University of Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, France -- Saillant, F., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Sanchis, E., Department of Electric Engineering, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain -- Sayğı, B., Ege University, Physics Department, Izmir, Turkey -- Scarcioffolo, M., INFN, Division of Padua, Padua, Italy -- Siciliano, M., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy -- Stezowski, O., University of Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, France -- Testov, D., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, INFN, Division of Padua, Padua, Italy -- Tripon, M., GANIL, CEA/DSAM and CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France -- Zanon, I., Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL), INFN, Legnaro, Italy, and 0-Belirlenecek
Subjects: Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Neutron multiplicity, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0-Belirlenecek, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, Filter (video), 0103 physical sciences, AGATA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, business, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics - Extremes of the Nuclear Landscape -- AUG 26-SEP 02, 2018 -- Zakopane, POLAND, WOS: 000463866500047, A new neutron multiplicity filter NEDA, after a decade of design, R&D and construction, was employed in its first physics campaign with the AGATA spectrometer. Properties and performance of the array are discussed., Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [VR 2014-6644]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK project)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [117F114, 114F473]; National Science Centre, Poland (NCN) [2017/25/B/ST2/01569, 2016/22/M/ST2/00269, 2014/14/M/ST2/00738, 2013/08/M/ST2/00257]; UK STFCScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/J000124/1, ST/L005727/1, STL005735/1, ST/P003885/1]; Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; MICIU, Spain [PROM-ETEO II/2014/019, FPA2017-84756-C4, SEV-2014-0398]; E.C. FEDER fundsEuropean Union (EU), This study was supported by the Swedish Research Council (contract number VR 2014-6644), the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK project Nos. 117F114 and 114F473), the National Science Centre, Poland (NCN) (grants Nos. 2017/25/B/ST2/01569, 2016/22/M/ST2/00269, 2014/14/M/ST2/00738 and 2013/08/M/ST2/00257) the UK STFC under grant Nos. ST/J000124/1, ST/L005727/1, STL005735/1, ST/P003885/1, the Generalitat Valenciana and MICIU, Spain, grants PROM-ETEO II/2014/019, FPA2017-84756-C4, Severo Ochoa SEV-2014-0398 and by the E.C. FEDER funds.1
Published: 2018
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9. Processing and Characterization of Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Al87.5Ni4Sm8.5 Particles Reinforced Crystalline Al Matrix Composites

Author: Luis César R. Aliaga, Walter José Botta Filho, Claudio Shyinti Kiminami, Alberto Moreira Jorge, Claudemiro Bolfarini, and M.M. Peres
Subjects: Materials science, Amorphous metal, law, Volume fraction, Extrusion, General Medicine, Composite material, Crystallization, Indentation hardness, Ball mill, Nanocrystalline material, Amorphous solid, law.invention
Abstract: Metal matrix composites, in which crystalline Al was reinforced by particulates of the Al87.5Ni4Sm8.5 amorphous alloy, were produced using cold pressing and hot extrusion processing. Controlled nanoprecipitation was used to improve the mechanical properties of the amorphous alloy. Amorphous melt-spun ribbons were produced by melt-spinning technique and then fragmented in fine powder by high-energy ball milling. Amorphous and pure aluminum powders were mixed in two different proportions: 85:15 and 70:30 (wt%) and homogenized by ball milling. Bulk samples were produced via cold pressing and hot extrusion. Controlled nanoprecipitation within the amorphous alloy was obtained by the correct choice of processing temperature. The composites were analyzed for reinforcement distribution, porosity content, microhardness and compression tests. The results showed that it was possible to control the precipitation by producing almost the same volume fraction of nanocrystals in each condition. Compression tests showed an improvement on the mechanical properties, which were correlated with the presence of the amorphous/nanocrystals reinforcement in the Al-matrix. The compression yield-strengths of the as-extruded composites were 192 and 310 MPa for 15% and 30% in volume of Al87.5Ni4Sm8.5, respectively. These values are significantly higher than the typically found for the AA1100 wrought pure aluminum (180 MPa).
Published: 2014
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10. Two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic modeling of carbon fiber Z-pinch experiments

Author: Ian Mitchell, J. P. Chittenden, Michael Tatarakis, A. R. Bell, Sergey Lebedev, R. Aliaga Rossel, and M. G. Haines
Subjects: Physics, Core (optical fiber), Bright spot, Z-pinch, Plasma diagnostics, Astrophysics, Plasma, Magnetohydrodynamics, Condensed Matter Physics, Instability, Bifurcation, Computational physics
Abstract: A two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic simulation incorporating cold start conditions is used to explain the early phase of carbon fiber Z-pinch experiments. The rapid development of large scale, nonlinear m=0 perturbations in the plasma corona is reproduced. X-ray bright spot formation in the necks of the instability is followed by bright spot bifurcation and fast axial motion. Bright spot bifurcation is found to be due to axial components of the j×B force and occurs off-axis due to the presence of a residual core of unionized carbon. Artificial diagnostic images are generated from the simulations data to allow direct comparison with experimental x-ray imaging and laser probing diagnostics. The accurate reproduction of the experimental images provides confirmation that the experimentally observed features are a repercussion of the non-linear development of the m=0 instability in an ionizing medium.
Published: 2016
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11. Denoising of gamma-ray signals by interval-dependent thresholds of wavelet analysis

Author: Qidao Zhang, P Choi, and R Aliaga-Rossel
Subjects: Discrete wavelet transform, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Stationary wavelet transform, Second-generation wavelet transform, Wavelet transform, Pattern recognition, Wavelet packet decomposition, Wavelet, Statistics, Artificial intelligence, Harmonic wavelet transform, Fast wavelet transform, business, Instrumentation, Engineering (miscellaneous), Mathematics
Abstract: Fast Fourier transform and wavelet analysis methods were used to denoise electrical signals by a soft thresholding technique. A neutron pulse of 14 MeV is sent over a sample; as a consequence of the interaction between the sample and the neutrons, multi-spectral gamma rays are emitted by the sample. The gamma-rays were measured using three photo multiplier tubes, which detect optical signals coming from three filtered detectors made of plastic scintillator material. Applying wavelet analysis was possible to realize that the signal can be divided into three different regions. Each region has different thresholds; therefore, different frequency components can be used independently in each region. Comparisons of this method with the fast Fourier transform are presented. In this particular application, it was found that the wavelet transform produces a much better way of denoising the signals in terms of keeping the characteristic high frequency at the start of the signals; this feature allows the differential classification of the signals and the consequent identification of the component of the sample. The preliminary results presented here are the first attempt to identify the chemical composition of samples using this method.
Published: 2006
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12. X-ray emission from 125 µm diameter aluminium wire x-pinches at currents of 400 kA

Author: I. Mitchell, R. Aliaga-Rossel, E. S. Wyndham, Francisco Suzuki, Mario Favre, Hernán Chuaqui, and J A Gomez
Subjects: Coalescence (physics), Physics, business.industry, X-ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Nanosecond, Condensed Matter Physics, Optics, chemistry, Aluminium, Pinch, Perpendicular, Electron temperature, business
Abstract: Results obtained from aluminium wire x-pinch experiments at a current level of ~400 kA, 260 ns risetime, are presented. The x-pinches were made from two 125 µm diameter wires. The x-pinches typically emitted 15 J of K-shell x-rays in nanosecond duration pulses from hot spots of diameters of ~10 µm or less. Frequently several hot spots were formed in a single discharge. Spectroscopic measurements estimate an electron temperature of about 600 eV. Spatial resolution of typically 10 µm was obtained in radiographic images. Details of the dynamics of the pinch were obtained from time resolved soft x-ray frames, showing formation of the plasma jet due to the coalescence of the expanding corona plasmas from the x-pinch limbs and ejection of plasma in the direction perpendicular to the x-pinch axis when hot spots were formed.
Published: 2005
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13. X-ray and plasma dynamics of an intermediate size capillary discharge

Author: Peter Choi, R. Aliaga-Rossel, Mario Favre, Ian Mitchell, Hernán Chuaqui, and E. S. Wyndham
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Capillary action, X-ray, Plasma, Electron, Pulsed power, Condensed Matter Physics, Cathode, law.invention, law, Pinch, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics
Abstract: A small pulsed power generator, 150 kA and 120 ns, is used to form a plasma in a 5-mm diameter alumina ceramic tube. A hollow cathode geometry is used and a preionized plasma is formed in an initial vacuum background by focussing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser onto a metallic target in the hollow cathode volume. The evolution of the preionizing plasma and its expansion into the main discharge volume may be assisted by applying a current of order Amps for a variable time before the main discharge current is applied. Strong electron beams are observed both during the preionizing stage and during the start of the main current. The plasma species and temporal evolution during the main discharge is observed using X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray pinhole imaging. On varying the rate of rise of the current in the pinching phase, the transient hollow cathode effect was found to be significant at early times in the discharge in the case of the lower value of dI/dt. Both the pinch temperature and diameter depend on varying the dI/dt from 1.5 to 3 /spl times/ 10/sup 12/ A/s. The implications of plasma injection for metal vapor capillary discharges are discussed.
Published: 2002
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14. Two Different Modes of Nested Wire ArrayZ-Pinch Implosions

Author: Sergey Lebedev, M. G. Haines, Jerry Chittenden, M. Zakaullah, R. Aliaga-Rossel, A. E. Dangor, and Simon Bland
Subjects: Physics, Current pulse, Z-pinch, General Physics and Astronomy, Implosion, Total current, Wire array, Atomic physics, Pulse rise time, Magnetic flux
Abstract: Two different modes of nested wire array implosion driven by a 1-MA, 240-ns current pulse were observed, determined by the fraction of total current induced in the inner array. Penetration by the outer array through the inner with switching of current occurred if current in the inner array was initially suppressed. Simultaneous implosion of arrays with apparent compression of magnetic flux between the arrays was observed if $\ensuremath{\sim}20%$ of the current was in the inner array. In both cases the x-ray pulse rise time of $\ensuremath{\sim}10\mathrm{ns}$ (for 260-ns implosion time) was considerably smaller than for a single array.
Published: 2000
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15. The dynamics of wire array Z-pinch implosions

Author: Sergey Lebedev, M. G. Haines, A. E. Dangor, R. Aliaga-Rossel, J. P. Chittenden, Ian Mitchell, and Simon Bland
Subjects: Physics, Wavelength, Interferometry, Optics, business.industry, Z-pinch, Pinch, Implosion, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, business, Instability
Abstract: Wire array Z-pinch dynamics are studied in experiments with 16-mm diameter arrays of between 8 and 64, 15-μm diameter aluminum wires, imploded in 200–260 ns by a 1.4-MA current pulse. Side-on laser probing shows early development of noncorrelated m=0-like instabilities with an axial wavelength ∼0.5 mm in individual wires. End-on interferometry (r-θ plane) shows azimuthal merging of the plasma with a density of 1017 cm−3 in 90–65 ns for 8–64 wires, respectively. At the same time low-density plasma reaches the array axis and forms a precursor pinch by 120–140 ns. At 0.7–0.85 of the implosion time a global m=0 instability with a wavelength of 1.7–2.3 mm was detected in soft x-ray gated images, laser probing, and optical streaks. The time when the instability reaches the observable level corresponds to the number of e-foldings for the growth of the classical Rayleigh–Taylor instability of ∫γ dt∼5.6–7. The scaling of this number with the number of wires is consistent with the instability growth from the seed l...
Published: 1999
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16. Azimuthal Structure and Global Instability in the Implosion Phase of Wire ArrayZ-Pinch Experiments

Author: A. E. Dangor, R. Aliaga-Rossel, Simon Bland, M. G. Haines, J. P. Chittenden, Ian Mitchell, and Sergey Lebedev
Subjects: Physics, Azimuth, Optics, business.industry, Z-pinch, Structure (category theory), Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, Implosion, Wire array, business, Instability
Published: 1998
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17. A cryogenic fiber maker for continuous extrusion

Author: R. Aliaga-Rossel and J. Bayley
Subjects: Materials science, Argon, chemistry, Nozzle, Refrigerator car, Water cooling, Working fluid, chemistry.chemical_element, Extrusion, Cryogenics, Fiber, Composite material, Instrumentation
Abstract: A cryogenic fiber maker that continuously extrudes fibers is presented. The design of the fiber maker is based on the use of two cooling stages maintained at different temperatures. The fiber maker consists of two copper reservoirs that are connected in series and are kept at different temperatures. The first reservoir is used to liquefy the gas coming in from an external gas line. The second reservoir is colder than the first; here, the liquid that comes from the first reservoir is frozen and later extruded using the pressure of the external line gas supply. A two-stage closed-cycle refrigerator (a Gifford–McMahon cooler), which uses helium as a working fluid, is used as a cooling system. The frozen gas is extruded through a stainless-steel capillary nozzle with internal diameters between 50 and 250 μm and a length of 2 mm. The temperature of the two reservoirs is set independently, which permits the extrusion rate of the fibers to be controlled and to produce the fibers continuously. Using this system, hydrogen, deuterium, nitrogen, and argon fibers of various diameters were extruded.
Published: 1998
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18. Optical probing of fiber z-pinch plasmas

Author: M. G. Haines, R. Aliaga-Rossel, A. E. Dangor, and Michael Tatarakis
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Implosion, Plasma, Shadowgraphy, Condensed Matter Physics, Interferometry, symbols.namesake, Optics, Z-pinch, Faraday effect, Pinch, symbols, Current (fluid), business
Abstract: An experimental study of optical probing of a dense z-pinch plasma using the MAGPIE (mega-ampere generator for plasma implosion experiments) generator [I. H. Mitchell et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 1533 (1996)] is reported. The generator was operated with a peak current of 1.1 MA rising in 150 ns (10%–90%). The loads were 33 μm diam carbon fibers. Faraday rotation was used to investigate the distribution of the current flowing in the plasma. A measurable Faraday rotation angle was observed only in a time window from 50 to 60 ns after the current start, due to the fact that this effect depends on a combination of the magnetic-field strength and electron number density. A new type of self-referencing cyclic radial shear interferometer was used to evaluate the plasma density profiles which are necessary for the reconstruction of the current distribution. It was calculated that ∼110 kA was flowing in the plasma at 52 ns after the current start. Shadowgraphy was used to study the dynamics of the plasma and to ...
Published: 1998
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19. Experimental observations of the spatial anisotropy of the neutron emission in a medium energy plasma focus

Author: R. Aliaga-Rossel and P. Choi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Dense plasma focus, Argon, Neutron emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Neon, chemistry, Neutron source, Neutron detection, Neutron, Atomic physics
Abstract: The results of experiments carried out on the DPF-78, a 60 kV, 28 kT plasma focus device are presented. The primary objective of these experiments was to investigate the spatial anisotropy of the neutron emission and to correlate the total neutron yield with hard X-ray emission and the presence of hot spots. To influence the plasma parameters, gas fillings of deuterium with doping of neon, argon, and krypton were used. An admixture of gases with an equivalent mass density of 5 mbar of D/sub 2/ was employed throughout the experiment. A novel technique for neutron detection was used, which allowed the recording of neutron signals at close distance to the focus (65 cm), with minimal dispersion of the signal due to time of flight and yet high X-ray rejection. A set of these detectors was placed at different angular positions to investigate the polar distribution in the neutron emission. It was identified for the first time that in a medium energy plasma focus device, the neutron emission is composed of two periods, similar to that reported in high energy devices. It was found that the first period occurs immediately before the maximum compression and lasts less than 50 ns while the second period lasts between 150 and 200 ns. It was found that the polar distribution of the neutron emission shows a strong anisotropy during the second period and depends on the Z of the doping gas. No correlation was found between the total neutron yield (about 10/sup 10/) and the hard X-ray emission or appearance of hot spots.
Published: 1998
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20. Observations of plasma dynamics in a gas-embedded compressional Z-pinch

Author: Mario Favre, Hernán Chuaqui, R. Saavedra, P. Romeas, E. S. Wyndham, Leopoldo Soto, R. Aliaga-Rossel, Ian Mitchell, and M. Skowronek
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Streak camera, business.industry, Plasma, Shadowgraphy, Condensed Matter Physics, Cathode, law.invention, Optics, law, Z-pinch, Pinch, Plasma diagnostics, Coaxial, business
Abstract: A series of experiments carried out in a gas embedded compressional Z-pinch are presented. A dc micro discharge of 150 /spl mu/A between two conical sharp edged electrodes is established to produce a hollow cylindrical discharge. A few nanoseconds before the application of the main voltage, a pulsed laser is focused through the anode onto the cathode. With this preionization scheme an initial coaxial current structure is established. H/sub 2/ and D/sub 2/ at a pressure of 1/3 atm were used as a working gas. The experiments have been carried out using a pulse power generator capable of delivering current of up to I/spl sim/200 kA with a dI/dt>10/sup 12/ A/s. The use of H/sub 2/ and D/sub 2/ allows the study of discharges with the same electrical properties, but with different dynamics. At early times this preionization scheme produces a coaxial double column pinch, which as current rises, coalesces into a single column becoming a gas embedded compressional Z-pinch. Diagnostics used are current and voltage monitors, single frame holographic interferometry and shadowgraphy, visible streak camera, and single frame image converter camera. Electron density, line density, pinch radius, and plasma motion are obtained from the optical diagnostics. It was found that the maximum electron density achieved on axis is greater than twice the expected value according with the filling pressure used in the discharges, which contrasts with a traditional gas embedded pinch in which the density is lower than the expected value from filling pressure. The expansion rate of the plasma column is reduced to a third of the observed value for the single channel laser initiated gas embedded pinch. These measurements agree with the existence of a central current channel in this new configuration of gas embedded pinch. The experimental results clearly show that compression is achieved with the composite preionization scheme.
Published: 1998
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21. Optical measurements of plasma dynamics in carbon fiber Z-pinches

Author: A. E. Dangor, M. G. Haines, Jerry Chittenden, R. Aliaga-Rossel, R. Saavedra, Ian Mitchell, and Sergey Lebedev
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Streak camera, business.industry, Implosion, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Optics, Z-pinch, Schlieren, Pinch, Plasma diagnostics, Fiber, business
Abstract: A series of experiments has been carried out on the Mega Ampere Generator for Plasma Implosion Experiments (MAGPIE) generator in order to study the dynamics of carbon fiber Z-pinches. The generator was operated at 1.4 MV, with a peak current of 1 MA, and a rise time of 150 ns. In some shots, a current prepulse of about 30 kA was provided to study its influence on the dynamics of the fiber pinch. Carbon fibers of 7, 33, and 300 /spl mu/m diameter were used during these experiments. The diagnostics employed were a self-referencing interferometer, a two-frame Schlieren system, an optical streak camera, and a four-frame X-ray framing camera. A novel feature of these measurements is the employment of an optical streak camera with a set of four slits arranged along the fiber axis and displaced in the radial direction. This permitted the study of the temporal evolution (axial and radial) of the plasma regions emitting in the visible part of the spectra. Correlation between these regions of the plasma and the location of X-ray hot spots is discussed. In carbon fibers of 33 pm diameter, the radial expansion velocity measured from Schlieren images was 3.6/spl times/10/sup 6/ cm/s and 5.5/spl times/10/sup 6/ cm/s for shots with and without prepulse, respectively. The dominant axial wavelengths of instabilities in the coronal plasma were between 0.05 and 0.2 cm, which correspond to ka values between 10 and 20, where k is the wavenumber of the instability and a is its amplitude. The dynamics of carbon fibers of different diameters are compared.
Published: 1998
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22. Investigation of electron and ion beams in mega-ampere fiber pinch plasmas

Author: Ian Mitchell, J. P. Chittenden, R. Aliaga-Rossel, H. Schmidt, A. Robledo, and M. G. Haines
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Z-pinch, Pinch, Neutron, Plasma diagnostics, Electron, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Beam (structure), Ion
Abstract: The latter stages of fiber Z-pinch discharges at current levels up to 1.4 MA with a rise time of 150 ns have been investigated on the MAGPIE generator. Carbon fibers with a diameter of 33 /spl mu/m and deuterated polyethylene (CD/sub 2/) fibers with diameters between 50 and 200 /spl mu/m were used as loads. The detection of hard X-rays and neutrons provide evidence for MeV electrons and ions. The hard X-rays occur around 120-200 ns into the discharge and typically last for between 20 and 100 ns. Beam target neutrons have also been detected at this time with neutron energies of up to 5.2 MeV. Optical and X-ray diagnostics indicate that the dynamic hot spot phase of the pinch is over by this time and that no rapid pinching or expansion of dense plasma is occurring. The pinch is seen to be composed of high density regions along the axis interspersed by tenuous regions where the density is at least two orders of magnitude lower. A conceptual model which is consistent with the experimental data is proposed to explain the energy and duration of the X-ray and neutron pulses.
Published: 1998
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23. Observations of the plasma dynamics of a vacuum spark from its soft x-ray emission

Author: R. Aliaga Rossel, Leopoldo Soto, E. S. Wyndham, Ian Mitchell, C. Dumitrescu-Zoita, R. Saavedra, Peter Choi, Mario Favre, and Hernán Chuaqui
Subjects: Physics, Electron density, Debye sheath, business.industry, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Cathode, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, Pinch, symbols, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: Experimental observations of the plasma dynamics in a vacuum spark are presented which permit measurements of the electron density and temperature during a large part of the compression phase of the pinch. The vacuum spark is generated by a low-impedance pulse forming line with a maximum current in excess of 100 kA. The discharge is operated in the hybrid mode in a titanium plasma. A laser focused onto the cathode provides the preionizing source. Soft x-ray emission from the current sheath is observed with an x-ray framing camera well before maximum compression. These observations are compared with holographic interferograms, both showing the formation of an axisymmetric rhombic boundary to the plasma sheath. The temperature and density of both the sheath and the internal plasma are observed until the formation of hot spots at the time of maximum compression. The temperature evolution of the hot spots is presented, showing a repeatable behavior that depends on the axial position.
Published: 1997
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24. The dynamics of bifurcating bright-spots in fiber Z-pinch plasmas

Author: A. Lorenz, M. G. Haines, J. P. Chittenden, F. N. Beg, R. Aliaga-Rossel, J. M. Bayley, Ian Mitchell, and G. Decker
Subjects: Physics, Z-pinch, Phase (waves), Implosion, Pinhole (optics), Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Image resolution, Ion
Abstract: Results are presented from the diagnosis of the optical and x-ray emission from “bright-spots” in carbon fiber Z-pinch experiments using the MAGPIE (Mega-Ampere Generator for Plasma Implosion Experiments) generator [I. H. Mitchell et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 1533 (1996)]. Inhomogeneities evolve very rapidly within the plasma with bright-spots becoming detectable after 15–20 ns. After a short (∼4 ns) duration formation phase, these bright-spots exhibit highly dynamic behavior. Bifurcation of the bright-spots is observed giving rise to rapid axial motion at 1–3×105 ms−1. The post-bifurcation bright-spots persist for up to 40 ns. Analysis of cross-filtered, time integrated, x-ray pinhole images yield bright-spot parameters during the formation phase (diameter ∼80 μm, temperature 250–300 eV, ion number densities ∼2×1026 m−3). With a spatial resolution of 175 μm, the strong temperature and density gradients within the post-bifurcation spots can be resolved in gated x-ray images with 2 ns exposure times. Aft...
Published: 1997
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25. [Untitled]

Author: M. G. Haines, A. E. Dangor, Ian Mitchell, R. Aliaga-Rossel, A. Robledo-Martinez, and Jerry Chittenden
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Optical fiber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, X-ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Scintillator, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Aluminium, law, Z-pinch, business, Radiant intensity
Abstract: An experimental technique for the detection and time-resolved characterisation of hard X-radiation from a Z-pinch is described. The detectors employed consist of combinations of plastic scintillators and photomultipliers tubes coupled through optical fiber. The scintillators were fitted with thick aluminium and lead filters and cross filtering is then used to obtain the energy of the X-rays. It was found that the X-rays can reach energies of up to 4 MeV, much higher than the applied voltage. The observed radiation intensity varied with the disruption time lag.
Published: 1997
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26. [Untitled]

Author: Mario Favre, M. Skowronek, P. Romeas, R. Aliaga-Rossel, R. Saavedra, Hernán Chuaqui, Leopoldo Soto, Ian Mitchell, and E. S. Wyndham
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Streak camera, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Radius, Shadowgraphy, Holographic interferometry, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, Z-pinch, Pinch, Coaxial, business
Abstract: Recent experiments in a gas embedded compressional Z-pinch are presented. The experiments have been carried out in H2 and D2, using a pulse power generator capable of delivering a dI/dt ≥ 1012 A/s. The pinch is initiated by a focused laser pulse, which is coaxial with a cylindrical DC microdischarge. This configuration results in double column pinch at early times, which at current rise evolves into a gas embedded compressional Z-pinch. Diagnostics used are Rogowskii coil, single frame holographic interferometry and holographic shadowgraphy, visible streak camera images from which, current, density, line density, pinch radius and plasma motion are obtained. The pinch is characterised by a maximum on axis density which is much higher than the expected value from filling pressure, with a Bennett temperature of 75 eV at 180 kA.
Published: 1997
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27. Observations of plasma dynamics in the vacuum spark

Author: Leopoldo Soto, Ian Mitchell, Hernán Chuaqui, Mario Favre, E. S. Wyndham, and R. Aliaga Rossel
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Streak camera, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Electromagnetic radiation, Cathode, law.invention, Optics, Position (vector), law, Spark (mathematics), Electrode, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: Experimental observations are presented of a vacuum spark driven by a low impedance pulse forming line delivering 100 kA to the load. A pulsed laser is used to form a preionizing plasma on the cathode. The combination of axial and radial optical streak camera observations, together with the time and space resolved soft x‐ray emission, permit the evolution of the plasma dynamics, density and temperature to be measured. Three kinds of behavior are observed according to axial position. A close correlation is found between the x‐ray and the optical emission, with the observation of micropinch formation. A discussion is presented in which the behavior of the vacuum spark under differing operating conditions is compared.
Published: 1995
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28. Characteristics of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) during the induction of LH surges of different magnitude in blood

Author: R. Aliaga and Antonio Cano
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.drug_class, media_common.quotation_subject, Radioimmunoassay, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Urine, Buserelin, Sensitivity and Specificity, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Andrology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Ovulation, Progesterone, media_common, Ovulation Detection, Estradiol, Chemistry, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Rehabilitation, Reproducibility of Results, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Luteinizing Hormone, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Menopause, Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine, Female, Gonadotropin, Luteinizing hormone, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract: Urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) testing has been proposed as a reliable method for the prediction of ovulation but its accuracy has been challenged by some studies. To check how accurately the oscillations of urinary LH reflected the plasma changes, surges of LH of different magnitude and duration were artificially induced in plasma and the hormone was measured simultaneously in urine. Post-menopausal women (n = 16) were stimulated during 1 week with a combination of transdermal oestradiol (400 micrograms) and i.m. progesterone (25 mg on day 4, 50 mg on day 5) to obtain an LH discharge comparable with the pre-ovulatory LH peak. A short and moderate peak of LH was induced by the i.v. injection of 100 micrograms gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in six premenopausal women, whereas an LH discharge of higher amplitude and longer duration was induced by a single dose of 0.3 mg s.c. buserelin. The total urine production of the day was fractionated into 8 h periods. LH was measured by a commercial radioimmunoassay. Unambiguous peaks of LH were detected in the urine of all the women stimulated with either oestradiol plus progesterone or buserelin, but in only three out of the six women receiving GnRH. The urine LH reproduced the plasma changes of the hormone with short delay since the peaks were mostly detected in the same time fraction in which the serum discharge occurred.
Published: 1995
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29. Influence of the ovary on parameters of LH secretion during the recovery from buserelin-induced desensitization

Author: R. Aliaga, C. Armero, M. Tortajada, Antonio Cano, and C. Puértolas
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Ovariectomy, medicine.medical_treatment, Radioimmunoassay, Uterus, Endogeny, Hysterectomy, Buserelin, Leiomyomatosis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Administration, Intranasal, business.industry, Ovary, Remission Induction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oophorectomy, Luteinizing Hormone, Middle Aged, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Premenopause, Reproductive Medicine, In utero, Uterine Neoplasms, Female, Gonadotropin, business, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract: This study examined the effect of the ovary on LH pulsatility and on the secretory performance of gonadotrophes during the phase of recovery after treatment with buserelin, a GnRH analogue. We included 12 patients, who received buserelin (1.2 mg/day, intranasally for 3 months) as a reductive therapy for uterine leiomyomatosis prior to hysterectomy. Six patients were oophorectomized and the other 6 patients had their ovaries preserved. LH was measured in samples taken basally up to 36 days after suppression of buserelin. LH pulsatility was studied on day 9 along a 24-h cycle, and the response of the hormone to a double-stimulus GnRH test on days 0, 9, 20, and 34. The concentration of LH reached normal premenopausal levels after an average of 2 weeks in women with ovaries but increased until 4–5 weeks in oophorectomized patients. The pulsatility of LH on day 9 was similar for both groups, but parameters related to LH amplitude or to baseline secretory activity of gonadotrophes were higher in the oophorectomized women. The response of LH to the GnRH tests was also significantly higher in the oophorectomized group from day 9. The conclusions are as follows. (1) At the early stage of recovery from desensitization, as represented by day 9, LH pulsatility was not substantially influenced by the presence or absence of the ovary. (2) There was an increase in parameters related to the amplitude of the LH bursts in the oophorectomized women. Although a higher amplitude of the endogenous GnRH pulses cannot be discarded, most probably that difference is due to a higher sensitivity at a pituitary level, as reflected by the GnRH stimulation tests.
Published: 1994
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30. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. 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Valalentino, D. Guidetti, B. Buchwald, C. H. Lücking, D. Gauvreau, F. Pfaff, A. Ben Younes-Chennoufi, R. Kiefer, R. Massot, K. A. Hossmann, L. Werdelin, P. J. Baxter, U. Ziflo, S. Allaria, C. D. Marsden, M. Cabaret, S. P. Mueller, E. Calabrese, R. Colao, S. I. Bekkelund, M. Yilmaz, O. Oktem-Tanor, R. Gine, M. E. Scheulen, J. Beuuer, A. Melo, Z. Gulay, M. D. Have, C. Frith, D. Liberati, J. Gozlan, P. Rondot, Ch. Brunholzl, M. Pocchiari, J. Pena, L. Moiola, C. Salvadori, A. Cabello, T. Catarci, S. Webb, C. Dettmers, N. A. Gregson, Alexandra Durr, F. Iglesias, U. Knorr, L. Ferrini-Strambi, F. Kruggel, P. Allard, A. Coquerel, P. Genet, F. Vinuels, C. Oberwittler, A. Torbicki, P. Leffers, B. Renault, B. Fauser, C. Ciano, G. Uziel, J. M. Gibson, F. Anaya, C. Derouesné, C. N. Anagnostou, M. Kaido, W. Eickhoff, G. Talerico, M. L. Berthier, A. Capdevila, M. Alons, D. Rezek, E. Wondrusch, U. Kauerz, D. Mateo, M. A. Chornet, Holon, N. Pinsard, I. Doganer, E. Paoino, H. Strenge, C. Diaz, J. R. Brasic, W. Heide, I. Santilli, W. M. Korn, D. Selcuki, M. J. Barrett, D. Krieger, T. Leon, T. Houallah, M. Tournilhac, C. Nos, D. Chavot, F. Barbieri, F. J. Jimenez-Jimenez, J. Muruzabal, K. Poeck, A. Sennlaub, L. M. Iriarte, L. G. Lazzarino, C. Sanz, P. A. Fischer, S. D. Shorvon, R. Hoermann, F. Delecluse, M. Krams, O. Corabianu, F. H. Hochberg, Christopher J. Mathias, B. Debachy, C. M. Poser, L. Delodovici, A. Jimenez-Escrig, F. Baruzzi, F. Godenberg, D. Cucinotta, P. J. Garcia Ruiz, K. Maier-Hauff, P. R. Bar, R. Mezt, R. Jochens, S. Karakaneva, C. Roberti, E. Caballero, Joseph E. Parisi, M. Zamboni, T. Lacasa, B. Baklan, J. C. Gautier, J. A. Martinez-Matos, W. Pollmann, G. Thomas, L. Verze, E. Chleide, R. Alvarez Sala, I. Noel, E. Albuisson, O. Kastrup, S. I. Rapoport, H. J. Braune, H. Lörler, M. Le Merrer, A. Biraben, S. Soler, S. J. Taagholt, U. Meyding-Lamadé, K. Bleasdale-Barr, Isabella Moroni, Y. Campos, J. Matias-Guiu, G. Edan, M. G. Bousser, John B. Clark, J. Garcia de Yebenes, N. K. Olsen, P. Hitzenberger, S. Einius, Aj Thompson, Ch. J. Vecht, T. Crepin-Leblond, Klaus L. Leenders, A. Di Muzio, L. Georgieva, René Spiegel, K. Sabey, D. Ménégalli, J. Meulstee, U. Liszka, P. Giral, C. Sunol, J. M. Espadaler, A. D. Crockar, K. Varli, G. Giraud, P. J. Hülser, A. Benazzouz, A. Reggio, M. Salvatore, K. Genc, M. Kushnir, S. Barbieri, J. Ph. Azulay, M. Gianelli, N. Bathien, A. AlMemar, F. Hentati, I. Ragueneau, F. Chiarotti, R. C. F. Smits, A. K. Asbury, F. Lacruz, B. Muller, Alan J. Thompson, Gordon Smith, K. Schmidt, C. Daems Monpeun, Juergen Weber, A. Arboix, G. R. Fink, A. M. Cobo, M. Ait Kaci Ahmed, E. Gencheva, Israel-Biet, G. Schlaug, P. De Jonghe, Philip Scheltens, K. Toyka, P. Gonzalez-Porque, A. Cila, J. M. Fernandez, P. Augustin, J. Siclia, S. Medaglini, D. E. Ziogas, A. Feve, L. Kater, G. J. E. Rinkel, D. Leppert, Rüdiger J. Seitz, S. Ried, C. Turc-Carel, G. Smeyers, F. Godinho, M. Czygan, M. Rijntjes, E. Aversa, M. Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
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31. A Subset of Proteins Found in Culture Supernatants of Candida albicans Includes the Abundant, Immunodominant, Glycolytic Enzyme Enolase

Author: Paula Sundstrom and George R. Aliaga
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Fungal protein, Blotting, Western, Enolase, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Corpus albicans, Enzyme assay, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Enzyme, chemistry, Cell culture, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase, Candida albicans, Extracellular, biology.protein, Immunology and Allergy, Extracellular Space
Abstract: Immunoblot analysis showed that enolase is one of a subset of proteins found in cell supernatants of Candida albicans. Enzyme assays on whole cell extracts indicated that enolase is an abundant protein, comprising 0.7% and 2.0% of the total protein from yeast and hyphal forms of C. albicans, respectively. Comparison of enolase enzyme activities in whole cell extracts and cell culture supernatants showed the enzyme to be located primarily within cells. Extracellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was absent or lower than that of enolase, despite equivalent intracellular levels. The results suggest that enolase, released from fungi in the absence of host factors, may contribute to enolase found circulating in the blood of patients with hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. In addition, the release from cells of highly immunogenic fungal proteins, such as enolase, may be important in defining the selective stimulation of host antifungal responses during infection.
Published: 1994
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32. The Development of a Tabletop Soft X-ray in vitroMicroscope

Author: K. Powell, G. Duffy, P. Choi, R. Aliaga-Rossel, O. Benali, H. Keles, B. Lebert, O. Sarroukh, L. Tantart, C. Zaepffel, A. Michette, Ian McNulty, Catherine Eyberger, and Barry Lai
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, Soft x ray, Microscope, Optics, law, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Microscopy, High resolution, Laboratory scale, business, law.invention
Abstract: Soft x‐ray microscopy is an attractive tool for the study of biological samples in‐vitro, due to the penetrating nature of x‐rays and the natural contrast which can be achieved in hydrated samples. There has been a roadblock to the commercialisation and rollout of small, laboratory scale, x‐ray microscopes for use in the wider community, as high resolution x‐ray microscopy requires tuneable, high brightness x‐ray sources. NANO‐UV has engaged in a product development programme to introduce the first affordable stand‐alone compact soft x‐ray microscope for in‐vitro studies, known as McXI. The initial specification of McXI is to provide 100 nm resolution on in‐vitro specimens, with a unique wavelength selection mechanism in the 2.3–4.4 nm region.
Published: 2011
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33. AMIC: An Expandable Front-End for Gamma-Ray Detectors With Light Distribution Analysis Capabilities

Author: R.J. Colom-Palero, M. Spaggiari, N. Ferrando-Jodar, V. Herrero-Bosch, R. Aliaga-Varea, and Christoph Lerche
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Transresistance amplifiers, Positron emission tomography, Analog filtering, Current output, Computation, Analog computer, Light distribution, Input signal, law.invention, Current buffer, Front and back ends, TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA, Moments of light distribution, law, Output current, Electronic engineering, Analog computation, Front end architecture, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Input channels, Physics, Rail-to-Rail, Scintillation crystals, Computation blocks, Current mode, Amplifier, ASIC, Position sensitive photomultipliers, Detector, Bandwidth (signal processing), Detector surfaces, Gamma rays, Analog computers, Voltage signals, Detectors, Output stages, Photomultipliers, Depth of interactions, Processing units, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, Expandable front-end, Gamma ray detector, Border effects, Voltage
Abstract: [EN] A novel CMOS integrated front-end architecture is presented throughout this paper. It is designed to be used with detectors based on continuous scintillation crystals plus position sensitive photomultiplier. Its structure aims at carrying out an analog computation which extracts fundamental information of the detected event. This fact allows us to avoid an individual acquisition of every input channel so that a large increase of inputs is feasible. In order to accomplish the processing task, a current buffer delivers a copy of each input signal to several computation blocks. Those processing units implement current mode analog filtering operations with a digitally programmable 8-bit precision coefficient for each front-end input. Output currents are summed and sent to the output stage where a buffered current output is provided. A voltage signal is also available by means of a rail-to-rail transresistance amplifier. The final goal is to obtain several moments of the light distribution on the detector surface. Each one provides useful information, such as energy, position, depth of interaction (from the light distribution width), skewness (deformation due to border effect), etc. Since the computation is purely additive, the current outputs can be used as inputs to other equal devices thus creating a fully expandable architecture., Manuscript received June 22, 2010; revised February 20, 2011 and April 14, 2011; accepted April 30, 2011. Date of publication June 07, 2011; date of current version August 17, 2011. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) through CICyT research project FIS2010-21216-C02-02.
Published: 2011
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34. High brightness EUV light sources for actinic metrology

Author: Aldrice Bakouboula, Peter Choi, S. V. Zakharov, Keith Powell, Otman Benali, Wafa Kezzar, V. S. Zakharov, Jeremy Bastide, Edmund Wyndham, Grainne Duffy, Michèle Cau, R. Aliaga-Rossel, Clement Zaepffel, Blair Lebert, Ouassima Sarroukh, Philippe Bove, and Luc Tantart
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, Optics, business.industry, Etendue, Extreme ultraviolet, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Radiance, Optoelectronics, business, Multiplexing, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics, Metrology
Abstract: EUV sources for actinic mask metrology, particularly for defect inspection, require extremely high brightness. The selfabsorption of radiation limits the in-band EUV radiance of the source plasma and makes it difficult to attain the necessary brightness and power from a conventional single unit EUV source. One possible solution is through multiplexing of multiple low etendue sources. NANO-UV is delivering a new generation of EUV light source with an intrinsic photon collector, the i-SoCoMo™ concept, where a micro plasma pulsed discharge source is integrated to a photon collector based on an in situ active plasma structure. The source is characterized by high brightness, low etendue and very high irradiance, at moderate output power, without the use of external physical optics. Such a source could form the basic building block, through multiplexing of several units, to satisfy the very high brightness and moderate power requirement of the EUV sources required for actinic mask metrology. Based upon this multiplexing concept, a family of specially configured multiplexed source structures, the HYDRA™ design, is being introduced to address the mask metrology needs.
Published: 2010
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35. High-performance next-generation EUV lithography light source

Author: Edmund Wyndham, S. V. Zakharov, R. Aliaga-Rossel, Peter Choi, Grainne Duffy, V. S. Zakharov, Ouassima Sarroukh, and Otman Benali
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, Optics, Photon, business.industry, Etendue, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Extreme ultraviolet, Optoelectronics, business, Lithography, Multiplexing, Metrology
Abstract: EUVL solution for HVM at the 22 nm node requires a high power long-term EUV source operation with hundreds of watts at the intermediate focus output. EUV mask blank and mask defects inspections require at-wavelength tools with high brightness. Theoretical analysis with a 2-D radiation MHD code Z* has been performed to address key issues in EUV plasma sources with radiation transfer. The study shows that self-absorption defines the limiting brightness of a single EUV source, which cannot meet the requirements of the HVM tool with high efficiency and is not sufficient for critical metrology applications, given the limiting etendue of the optics. It is shown that the required irradiance can be achieved by spatial multiplexing, using multiple small sources. We present here details of the study, as well as experimental results from a novel EUV light source with an intrinsic photon collector demonstrating high brightness, the i-SoCoMo concept, where an impulse micro discharge plasma source is integrated to a photon collector based on an active plasma structure. The small physical size and low etendue properties of the i-SoCoMo unit allows a large number of such sources to be put together in one physical package and be operated in a multiplexed fashion to meet necessary power requirements.
Published: 2009
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36. Simple holographic polarogram

Author: R. Aliaga-Rossel, Edmund Wyndham, Maria José Inestrosa, I. Mitchell, Mario Favre, Hernán Chuaqui, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Physics, Brewster's angle, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Holography, Right angle, Optics, Òptica, Image plane, Polarization (waves), Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, symbols.namesake, law, Reference beam, symbols, Business and International Management, business, Image resolution, Beam splitter
Abstract: A new technique capable of obtaining quantitative values of the rotation angle of the polarization vector by using holography is presented. This is a two-stage holographic process; during the recording stage a hologram of the object of interest is obtained. The reference beam is composed of two beams that form a small angle between them and keep their polarization states at right angles to each other. In the reconstruction stage of the hologram, two images from the hologram are obtained along two different angles. As a result of the interference between these two images, a set of parallel fringes is formed at the image plane. The fringe contrast on the reconstruction is related to the angle of the polarization vector of the light at each position on the image plane. Measurements of the rotation of the polarization angle of a fraction of a degree were obtained. The main application of this technique is in the study of transient phenomena, where single-shot measurements are the only means of obtaining reliable data.
Published: 2008

37. Analysis of cytoplasmic microtubules and flagellar roots in the zoospores ofAllomyces macrogynus

Author: Jeffrey C. Pommerville and G. R. Aliaga
Subjects: Axoneme, biology, Allomyces, macromolecular substances, Cell Biology, Plant Science, General Medicine, Flagellum, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Tubulin, Microtubule, Cytoplasm, biology.protein, Allomyces macrogynus, Cytoskeleton
Abstract: Cytoskeletal and flagellar microtubules in the zoospores of the aquatic fungusAllomyces macrogynus are resistant to microtubule depolymerizing drugs. Consequently, we have analyzed the partial composition and organization of microtubules (Mts) in the cytoplasm and flagellar apparatus in the zoospores ofA. macrogynus. Evidence from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of two α-tubulin isoforms in axonemal and cytoplasmic Mts. In addition, a monoclonal antibody specific for acetylated α-tubulin was used on one-dimensional protein blots to show that acetylated α-tubulins are present in isolated zoospore cell bodies and axonemes. Immunofluorescence microscopy observations using this monoclonal antibody demonstrated that flagellar, kinetosomal, and cytoplasmic Mts were labeled. The nature of Mts in the flagellar apparatus was studied ultrastructurally. InA. macrogynus, the flagellar apparatus consists of the kinetosome, rhizopolast (striated flagellar rootlet), axoneme, and 9 sets of triplet Mts which radiate anteriorly from the proximal end of the kinetosome (microtubular rootlet), Analysis of the rhizoplast indicated that this structure does not contain Mts. The rhizoplast, which connects the functional kinetosome with a single, large basal mitochrondrion, consists of four electron-opaque bands. Serial-sectioning indicated that the rhizoplast is always adjacent to kinetosome triplets 1, 2, and 9, and thus lies perpendicular to the plane of flagellar beat. These results suggest that the primary function of the rhizoplast is to organize the kinetosome and mitochondrion with respect to one another and to bias flagellar beat in the appropriate orientation for cell motility.
Published: 1990
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38. Refractive Optical Measurements on the Llampüdkeñ Generator

Author: R. Aliaga-Rossel, Mario Favre, Francisco Molina, Felipe Veloso, Hernán Chuaqui, Edmund Wyndham, I. Mitchell, and Francisco Suzuki
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Polarizer, Laser, law.invention, Optics, Path length, law, Schlieren, Rise time, Plasma diagnostics, business, Beam splitter, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Experiments with two different configurations of dense z‐pinches have been carried out on the Llampudken generator with the objective of investigating the time evolution of the discharges. These configurations were studied with refractive optical measurements using the second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser (10 ns FWHM, λ=532 nm). The Llampudken generator delivered a pulse current of 450 kA with a 260 ns rise time. Refractive optical measurements with schlieren diagnostics were made using an optical system which provided two frames per discharge. The original beam was split into two separate beams with perpendicular polarizations using a polarizer beam splitter and an extra path length was introduced into one of the beams delaying it with respect to the other. The path through the discharge chamber was equal for both beams therefore providing identical views of the plasma at two different times. The images were recorded on 35mm cameras using suitably orientated polarizers to select the corresponding beam. As a complementary diagnostic technique, MCP cameras with exposure time of 2 ns were used to obtain VUV images of the loads. Preliminary results of these experiments will be presented and discussed.
Published: 2006
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39. Comparison Between Laser Initiated Hollow Gas Embedded Z-pinches with Different Initial Radius

Author: R. Aliaga-Rossel, Edmund Wyndham, Felipe Veloso, Mario Favre, Hernán Chuaqui, and Ian Mitchell
Subjects: business.industry, Chemistry, Plasma, Radius, Laser, Cathode, law.invention, Axicon, Optics, law, Z-pinch, Schlieren, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: An experimental study of the effect of the initial radius on the formation of hollow gas embedded z‐pinches is presented. These hollow pinches are formed using a ring precursor plasma generated by focussing a 10ns, 0.2J, 1064nm, Nd:YAG laser pulse onto the cathode surface. The laser pulse is focussed into a ring shape, by using a combination of a converging lens and an axicon. Ring radius variation give place to different initial radius of hollow z‐pinches. The experiments were carried out on the Gepopu generator at 110kA, 50ns rise time using flat electrodes. The anode had a central hole, allowing the laser to be focussed onto the cathode surface. Experiments were performed in hydrogen at 1/3 of atmosphere. Schlieren and interferometry are the main plasma diagnostics using the second harmonic of the same laser. Comparison between initial radius of 2 and 3mm are presented, where electron densities on the order of 1018 cm−3 were measured in both cases. Temperature estimates using Bennett relation are of 18...
Published: 2006
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40. The formation of metallic plasmas in transient capillary discharges at high current

Author: Mario Favre, E. S. Wyndham, and R. Aliaga-Rossel
Subjects: Chemistry, Capillary action, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Cathode, law.invention, law, Electrode, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, Current (fluid), Titanium, Diode
Abstract: We report observations of the formation of a metallic plasma in a high aspect ratio z-pinch confined within a ceramic capillary. A series of experiments on different capillary geometries was undertaken in which titanium metal rings were used to promote the formation of a titanium plasma through preferential ablation. In an initial vacuum a titanium seed plasma is formed in the hollow cathode (HC) volume by a low energy laser spark. This pre-ionizing plasma is assisted in its expansion into the z-pinch volume by the electron beams generated by a pre-ionizing discharge in the capillary, due to the HC effect. Further intense e-beam activity occurs on applying the main driver current to the capillary electrodes before the discharge impedance abruptly drops to give rise to an ensuing high current z-pinch. A segmented titanium ring structure within the capillary promotes metal ablation. The discharges are performed in tubes of 60 to 110 mm length and 3 and 5 mm effective internal diameter. The main discharge current is provided from a small pulsed power switched coaxial line, at up to 150 kA. The generator may be configured to deliver two different rates of current rise and this is found to have a significant effect on the plasma dynamics. The plasma properties are obtained from observations of the axial x-ray emission. The diagnostics used are filtered Si diodes, filtered time-resolved multi-pinhole camera images and the time resolved soft x-ray spectrum from 3 to 20 nm. While a single species metal plasma is not obtained, a very significant proportion of Ti is achieved in the higher rate of current rise configuration. The fraction of Ti diminishes for the longest length discharges and for the larger diameter tube diameter, as does the observed z-pinch uniformity. There is a weak dependance of the electron temperature with tube geometry, but the plasma density falls substantially in the longer discharges. This coincides with diminished effectiveness of the transient HC.
Published: 2006

41. The Formation of Ring Shaped Laser Plasmas on a Metal Surface

Author: Hernán Chuaqui, Felipe Veloso, R. Aliaga-Rossel, Edmund Wyndham, Ian Mitchell, and Mario Favre
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Radius, Plasma, Laser, Ring (chemistry), Schlieren imaging, law.invention, Axicon, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Focal length, Prism, business
Abstract: A method to produce ring plasmas on a metal surface is presented. The ring plasma is produced by focusing a laser pulse into an annular shape. This is achieved by using a combination of a converging lens and an axicon. The axicon is a rotationally symmetric prism. The radius of the focused ring is determined by the base angle of the axicon, and the focal length of the converging lens. The experiments are performed on a titanium surface, using a 0.18 J, 10 ns, 1064 nm pulsed, from a Nd:YAG laser. The background gas is hydrogen, at pressures in the atmospheric range. The ring structure was measured using schlieren imaging and Mach Zehnder interferometry. The expansion velocities of the laser‐produced plasma in the background gas were measured in two directions; parallel and perpendicular to the metallic surface. Characteristic values are 5–9⋅103 m/s, for the ring radius expansion, parallel to the surface, and 1.0–1.7⋅104 m/s, perpendicular to the surface. Characteristic electron densities of the order of 1018 cm−3 were measured, with hollow radial profiles. The temperature of the plasma was estimated to be between 0.1 and 0.4 eV. This ring plasma is used as precursor plasma to achieve a hollow gas embedded z‐pinch.
Published: 2006
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42. Time-resolved energy measurement of electron beams in fiber Z-pinch discharges

Author: Ian Mitchell, A. E. Dangor, R. Aliaga-Rossel, M. G. Haines, J. P. Chittenden, and A. Robledo
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Electromagnetic radiation, Spectral line, Physics::Plasma Physics, Z-pinch, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract: The emission of hard x rays with energies much greater than the applied anode-cathode voltage is a common feature of Z-pinch plasmas. Here time-resolved measurements of such emission from fiber Z pinches at the mega-ampere current level are reported. The x-ray spectrum measured by an array of detectors is used to calculate the energy of the electron beam producing the emission. Pulses of between 20 and 100 ns duration were observed and electron-beam energy measurements of around 2 MeV obtained. It is thought that these high-energy beams are generated by the plasma becoming resistive at the time of x-ray emission.
Published: 1997
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43. An Overview Of Breakdown Formation Processes In The Transient Hollow Cathode Discharge

Author: Y. Kaufman, Hernán Chuaqui, M. Zambra, Peter Choi, Mario Favre, R. Aliaga, E. S. Wyndham, and José Moreno
Subjects: Capacitor, Materials science, law, Ionization, Electrode, Electric breakdown, Transient (oscillation), Atomic physics, Cathode, law.invention
Published: 2005
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44. A study of Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth in wire array Z-pinch experiments

Author: Sergey Lebedev, M. G. Haines, Jerry Chittenden, R. Aliaga-Rossel, O. Willi, Simon Bland, and A. E. Dangor
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Hohlraum, business.industry, Z-pinch, Implosion, Magnetic pressure, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, business, Instability, Inertial confinement fusion, Magnetic field
Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. Wire array Z-pinches are extremely efficient sources of high power soft X-ray pulses (up to 280 TW) for energising hohlraums for inertial confinement fusion and other high energy density physics applications. The main process affecting quality of the implosion and X-ray power at stagnation is development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a plasma accelerated by the magnetic pressure. In this paper we present experimental results on Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth in wire array Z-pinches driven by a 1.4 MA, 240 ns current pulse. Al, W and Ti wire arrays of 16 mm diameter with between 8 and 64 wires were studied. Comparison of the instability development for different wire materials and wire number will be presented. The radial structure of the instability was observed by laser probing and soft X-ray imaging in implosions of arrays consisting of four groups of four closely spaced wires (4/spl times/4 wire array). Experiments to study the instability development in nested-wire arrays and effect of the B/sub z/ magnetic field induced by wires twisting will be presented.
Published: 2003
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45. The effect of wire material on plasma formation in wire array Z-pinches

Author: R. Aliaga-Rossel, Simon Bland, M. G. Haines, J. P. Chittenden, A. E. Dangor, and Sergey Lebedev
Subjects: Physics, Interferometry, Wavelength, Optics, business.industry, Schlieren, Z-pinch, Pinch, Implosion, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: Summary form only given. Plasma formation in wire array Z-pinches was studied in experiments with 16-mm diameter arrays of between 8 and 64 aluminium, tungsten or titanium wires, imploded in 200 to 260 ns by a 1.4 MA current pulse. Side-on (r-z plane) diagnostics included laser probing with interferometer, schlieren and shadow channels, gated 4-frame soft X-ray imaging and radial and axial optical streak photography. End-on (r-/spl theta/ plane) laser probing gave information about the azimuthal structure of the implosion. The X-ray radiation at stagnation and during the implosion phase was measured with filtered PCD and XRD detectors. A comparison of plasma formation for different wire material will be presented, including measurements of the expansion velocities of the coronal plasma in the radial and azimuthal directions. The wavelength of instabilities and the parameters of the precursor pinch.
Published: 2003
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46. Two dimensional and three dimensional MHD simulations of wire array Z-pinch experiments

Author: R. Aliaga-Rossel, M. G. Haines, Jerry Chittenden, A. R. Bell, S. G. Lucek, Sergey Lebedev, and Simon Bland
Subjects: Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Classical mechanics, Z-pinch, Shell (structure), Rayleigh–Taylor instability, Plasma, Magnetohydrodynamics, Instability, Inertial confinement fusion, Computational physics
Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. Recent experiments on the MAGPIE generator at Imperial College have demonstrated the complex three dimensional nature of wire array Z-pinch implosions. We have developed a 3D resistive MHD code, in order to model these experiments. Running the code in 2D(x,y) geometry with high spatial resolution, reproduces the collapse dynamics, radial plasma streaming and precursor formation observed experimentally. The persistence of cold, unionized, wire cores dominates the collapse dynamics. Lower resolution 3D runs illustrate the differences in the behavior of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in wire arrays compared to uniform shell implosions. Results of simulations of single and nested wire array experiments at Sandia National Laboratories will also be presented.
Published: 2003
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47. Formation and dynamics of a z pinch in a high current capillary discharge in initial vacuum

Author: Peter Choi, R. Aliaga-Rossel, Mario Favre, E. S. Wyndham, I. Mitchell, and H. Chuaqui
Subjects: law, Capillary action, Chemistry, Z-pinch, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Electron, Pulsed power, Atomic physics, Current (fluid), Laser, Cathode, law.invention
Abstract: Experimental conditions are presented for the formation of a Z pinch from ablated wall material in a high current, medium diameter capillary discharge without an initial filling gas. A hollow cathode geometry is used and electron beams, initiated by a laser spark, form a transient metallic plasma in the hollow cathode volume. The laser spark plasma initiates the preionization phase, whose conditions are essential for generating a stable Z pinch during the main conduction phase. During the preionizing phase wall plasma is ablated. The main discharge is derived from a small pulsed power generator, whose rate of rise of current may be varied, at current of 120 kA for 120 ns. The capillary has an internal diameter of 5 mm and length of 6 cm. From time, spatial and energy resolution of the axial soft x-ray emission, the optimum conditions of plasma formation are found to depend on the preionizing electron beams, current and the rate of rise of main discharge current applied. The temperature is obtained from so...
Published: 2003

48. Plasma formation in the wire array Z-pinch

Author: M. G. Haines, Sergey Lebedev, R. Aliaga-Rossel, Ian Mitchell, J. P. Chittenden, and A.E. Danger
Subjects: Physics, Streak camera, business.industry, Pulse duration, Laser, law.invention, Optics, law, Schlieren, Z-pinch, Pinhole camera, Plasma diagnostics, business, Schlieren photography
Abstract: Summary form only given. A series of experiments have been carried out on MAGPIE (Mega Ampere Generator for Plasma Implosion Experiments) to study the plasma formation in wire array z-pinches. The generator was operated at peak currents up to 1.4 MA with a rise time of 150 ns. Arrays of 16 mm diameter composed of between 8 and 32 aluminium and tungsten wires were used. Wire diameters were between 4 and 10 ym for tungsten and between 15 and 25 /spl mu/m for aluminium. Arrays with equally spaced wires as well as with variable inter-wire separation were studied. To study the dynamics of the plasma, an extensive set of diagnostic techniques were used which include schlieren, interferometry, optical streak camera, 4 frames X-ray camera, time resolved X-ray crystal spectrometer, filtered PIN diodes and pinhole camera. Current and voltage probes located at the load area and in the transfer line were used to monitor the electrical parameters. A Nd-YAG laser doubled at 532 nm with a pulse length of 400 ps was used as a light source for schlieren photography and interferometry. Registration of laser probing images with high spatial resolution was done by CCD cameras. To obtain schlieren photographs of plasma evolution in the single discharge the laser pulse was split into four pulses separated by 20 ns.
Published: 2002
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49. Plasma jet for pre-conditioning of a carbon fibre Z-pinch

Author: Sergey Lebedev, M. G. Haines, A.E. Danger, Simon Bland, J. P. Chittenden, and R. Aliaga-Rossel
Subjects: Dense plasma focus, Materials science, business.industry, Capillary action, Plasma, Cathode, Magnetic field, Anode, law.invention, Optics, law, Z-pinch, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. Previous experiments on the Imperial College MAGPIE generator have shown that plasma produced from the pre-ionisation of 33 /spl mu/m carbon fibres, by current pre-pulse, helps reduce expansion velocity during initial stages of explosion. However the current-ablative method used gives very little control over the pre-ionisation plasmas characteristics. A capillary discharge device has been developed to inject a plasma jet around a fibre to use instead of the fibre pre-ionisation by current pre-pulse. This allows us to produce plasma with larger line densities and diameters in a more controllable way. Interferometer measurements on the jet have shown it can develop plasma around the fibre with a line density about 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -1/ and diameters varying from /spl sim/2 mm at the point of injection (anode) to /spl sim/1 cm at the cathode of the Z-pinch. It is planned to use an axial magnetic field of /spl sim/2 KG to try to improve the homogeneity of the jet along the fibre. Comparison of the results of carbon fibre z-pinch experiments taken with and without the plasma jet will be presented.
Published: 2002
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50. Fibres experiments in the MAGPIE generator

Author: A. E. Dangor, M. G. Haines, J. P. Chittenden, Sergey Lebedev, Ian Mitchell, and R. Aliaga-Rossel
Subjects: Physics, Bright spot, Optics, Neutron emission, Streak camera, business.industry, Schlieren, Pinch, Hot spot (veterinary medicine), Plasma diagnostics, Fiber, business
Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. A result of a series of experiments that are being carried out on the MAGPIE generator with carbon, CD2 and D2 fiber loads are presented. Fibers 2 cm long and diameters between 10-200 /spl mu/m are used to study the dynamics of the pinch as well as the initial behaviour of the plasma. Two frames of visible schlieren and interferometry are used to investigate the evolution of the coronal plasma and the growth rate instabilities. In carbon fibers was detected the presence of instabilities as early as 10 ns. Comparison with CD2 and D2 fibers are presented. The dynamics of the hot spot is also studied with both a 4-frame camera and an X-ray streak camera. Movement or bifurcation of hot spots was detected and spatial correlation with optical bright spot was found. The hot spot behaviour in fibers with different diameters is discussed. Hard X-ray emission and high energy electron beams are detected with a combination of plastics scintillator-photo multipliers. A disruption mechanism responsible of such high energy emission is discussed. Time resolved neutron emission is detected with plastics scintillators and total neutron yield is measured with silver activated counter. Measurements in D2 fibers is presented.
Published: 2002
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