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Given that eating disorders (EDs) are relatively common in college populations, it is important to have reliable and valid tools to identify students so that they can be referred to evidence-based care. Although research supports the psychometric properties of existing ED screens for identifying cases of EDs, most studies have been conducted in samples of young white-majority women or have not reported the psychometric properties of the screening tool in men.The purpose of the current study was to validate a brief, 10-item screening tool for the identification of EDs-the brief assessment of stress and eating (BASE).Participants were college students (N = 596; 68.2% cisgender women) from a large Midwestern university who completed the BASE and SCOFF. The Eating Disorders Diagnostic Survey was used to generate DSM-5 ED diagnoses. We evaluated area under the curve (AUC) for both receiver operating curves (ROC) and precision-recall curves (PRC).Both the BASE and SCOFF performed significantly better than chance at identifying probable EDs in cisgender women (BASE AUC: ROC = .787, PRC = .633, sensitivity = .733, specificity = .697; SCOFF AUC: ROC = .810, PRC = .684, sensitivity = .793, specificity = .701). However, the BASE (AUC: ROC = .821, PRC = .605, sensitivity = .966, specificity = .495) significantly outperformed the SCOFF (AUC: ROC = .710, PRC = .354, sensitivity = .828, specificity = .514) for identifying probable EDs in cisgender college men.The BASE is appropriate for student healthcare and college research settings. Because the BASE outperforms the SCOFF in college men, results from the current study are expected to contribute to improved identification of EDs on college campuses.The BASE is a new screening tool to identify eating disorders. The BASE performed as well as, if not better than, the SCOFF (particularly in men). Given the need for brief, psychometrically strong, and unbiased ED screening tools in college students, the current study helps address an unmet student healthcare need that we expect will contribute to improved identification of EDs on college campuses.

Report the long-term outcomes following transmembrane stent placement as a therapy for Cor Triatriatum Dexter (CTD).Retrospective case series including six dogs with CTD treated with transmembrane stent placement. Follow-up information was obtained including the persistence of presenting clinical signs, additional therapies required, and survival.The median follow-up time was 24 months (range 15-76 months). Long-term outcome was deemed excellent in four dogs (67%), good/fair in one dog (17%), and poor in one dog (17%). Three dogs had persistence of clinical signs of variable severity. These three dogs were Labrador Retrievers or their crosses with varying degrees of tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD), two of which also had a right to left shunting patent foramen ovale (PFO). One of these three dogs died 23 months post-stent placement during attempted open-heart repair of the TVD and PFO. Another is alive 15 months post-operatively stable on medical therapy for right-sided congestive heart failure secondary to TVD. The final dog demonstrated improved but persistent mild exercise intolerance up to 76 months post-operatively associated with mild TVD and a concurrent PFO.Transmembrane stent placement for CTD is a viable long-term treatment option with improvement or resolution of clinical signs. In the presence of concurrent congenital heart disease, specifically Labradors with TVD, additional therapies may be necessary with a corresponding impact on prognosis.

The cell cycle checkpoint kinase Mec1 ATR and its integral partner Ddc2 ATRIP are vital for the DNA damage and replication stress response. Mec1–Ddc2 “senses” single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by being recruited to the ssDNA binding Replication Protein A (RPA) via Ddc2. In this study, we show that a DNA damage–induced phosphorylation circuit modulates checkpoint recruitment and function. We demonstrate that Ddc2–RPA interactions modulate the association between RPA and ssDNA and that Rfa1-phosphorylation aids in the further recruitment of Mec1–Ddc2. We also uncover an underappreciated role for Ddc2 phosphorylation that enhances its recruitment to RPA-ssDNA that is important for the DNA damage checkpoint in yeast. The crystal structure of a phosphorylated Ddc2 peptide in complex with its RPA interaction domain provides molecular details of how checkpoint recruitment is enhanced, which involves Zn 2+ . Using electron microscopy and structural modeling approaches, we propose that Mec1–Ddc2 complexes can form higher order assemblies with RPA when Ddc2 is phosphorylated. Together, our results provide insight into Mec1 recruitment and suggest that formation of supramolecular complexes of RPA and Mec1–Ddc2, modulated by phosphorylation, would allow for rapid clustering of damage foci to promote checkpoint signaling.

DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation are important regulators of gene expression and genome stability in mammalian genomes. DNA replication dilutes these marks, and their restoration kinetics are important to epigenetic cell memory. We therefore developed isolation of DNA by EdU-labelling for Mass Spectrometry (iDEMS), a highly sensitive, quantitative mass spectrometry-based method for measuring DNA modifications on metabolically labelled DNA. Unlike sequencing-based methods, iDEMS does not require any amplification step, providing direct measurements from labelled DNA. Through additional methionine-isotope labelling and/ or incorporation of downstream steps such as chromatin immunoprecipitation, iDEMS facilitates novel insights into methylation metabolism and epigenetic crosstalk in chromatin. Excluding cell culture, DNA labelling and isolation requires two working days including an overnight digestion; preparation and running of samples requires three to four days. This protocol is related to the publication “Quantifying propagation of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation with iDEMS” in Nature Cell Biology.

Open or accessible chromatin typifies euchromatic regions and helps define cell type-specific transcription programs. DNA replication massively disorders chromatin composition and structure, and how accessible regions are affected by and recover from this disruption has been unclear. Here, we present repli-ATAC-seq, a protocol to profile accessible chromatin genome-wide on replicated DNA starting from 100,000 cells. In this method, replicated DNA is labeled with a short 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) pulse in cultured cells and isolated from a population of tagmented fragments for amplification and next-generation sequencing. Repli-ATAC-seq provides high-resolution information on chromatin dynamics after DNA replication and reveals new insights into the interplay between DNA replication, transcription, and the chromatin landscape.

DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mark in mammalian cells. Many aspects of DNA methylation maintenance have been characterized; however, the exact kinetics of post-replicative methylation maintenance remain a subject of debate. Here we develop isolation of DNA by 5-ethynyl-deoxyuridine labelling for mass spectrometry (iDEMS), a highly sensitive, quantitative mass spectrometry-based method for measuring DNA modifications on metabolically labelled DNA. iDEMS reveals an unexpectedly hemi-methylated landscape on nascent DNA. Combining iDEMS with metabolic labelling reveals that methylation maintenance is outpaced by cell division in mouse embryonic stem cells. Our approach shows that hydroxymethylation is perpetually asymmetric between sister strands in favour of the parental, template strand. iDEMS can be coupled with immunoprecipitation of chromatin proteins, revealing features of DNA methylation–histone modification crosstalk and suggesting a model for interplay between methylation and nucleosome assembly. iDEMS therefore elucidates long-standing questions about DNA modification propagation and provides an important orthogonal technology to understanding this process in dynamic cellular contexts.

Alors que les économies des Tonga et des Fidji se développent, la présentation de tribut continue d’y avoir lieu. Cet article étudie les offrandes de dons et de tribut qui sont faites de nos jours au roi des Tonga et aux chefs fidjiens. Il définit le sens profond du concept de tribut dans ces zones du Pacifique. La théorie de l’efflorescence qui émerge des études faites en Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée permet de tester les relations qui existent entre les dons, les tributs et les marchandises. Différentes formes d’exchanges répondent de façon diverses au développement.

OBJECTIVE (1) To describe the computed tomography (CT) and gross anatomy of the equine extensor carpi radialis sheath (ECRS) and common digital extensor sheath (CDETS); (2) to describe a single-portal endoscopic examination of the ECRS and CDETS. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo experimental. SAMPLE POPULATION Thirty clinically normal cadaver thoracic equine limbs severed at the humeral diaphysis. METHODS Ten limbs underwent plain and intrathecal contrast CT examinations and gross dissection of the ECRS and CDETS. Single-portal endoscopic examination of ECRS and CDETS was attempted in 4 limbs and endoscopic examination was performed on 16 limbs. Endoscopic video recordings were reviewed by 3 observers for quality of visualization before dissection and examination for iatrogenic damage. Interobserver agreement for ECRS and CDETS visualization was determined with Fleiss' κ agreement. RESULTS Extensor carpi radialis sheath and CDETS anatomy was consistent between gross dissection and CT examinations. The ECRS endoscopic portal was medial at the level of the intersection between the extensor carpi obliquus and extensor carpi radialis tendon. The CDETS endoscopic portal was lateral, 5 cm proximal to the lateral styloid process of the ulna. The ECRS and CDETS were well visualized and interobserver agreement was substantial (κ = .73; P

Students with emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD) perform academically below their peers. One area of particular challenge is written expression. Using a multiple-probe design across participants, this study evaluated the effects of GO 4 IT . . . NOW! strategy instruction on the writing skills of three students with EBD, ages 11–14. The researchers used GO 4 IT . . . NOW strategy instruction to teach students to write paragraphs in the context of their individualized education programs; in particular, students learned to write goals and objectives related to their self-identified academic and nonacademic needs. Researchers taught 19 GO 4 IT . . . NOW! lessons in a one-on-one format; lessons included explicit strategy instruction, feedback, self-evaluation, and practice with revising paragraphs. Results indicate a functional relation between GO 4 IT . . . NOW! strategy instruction and improved expository and IEP goal paragraphs. Students maintained gains into the following school year. Social validity, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Common bean consumption is associated with the prevention of chronic diseases and these effects are partially attributed to their polyphenol content. In this study, the bioaccessibility and anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols from six Mexican cultivars of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) varying in their seed colour, was evaluated. In all cultivars, digestion of starch and protein released significantly more polyphenols compared to soaking, cooking and methanol extraction. Pink cultivar ���Marcela��� showed the highest total and bioaccessible polyphenol content (>50 mg GAE per gram dry bean). Black cultivar ���Negro Jamapa��� showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect, reducing mRNA levels of IL6, IL1�� and iNOS by up to 20%. In contrast, cultivars ���Marcela��� and yellow ���Azufrado��� induced mRNA expression of IL1��, IL6, and HO-1, thus inducing both pro- and anti-oxidation pathways. Results indicate that enzymatic digestion promotes the bioaccessibility of common bean polyphenols and bean cultivars can elicit both anti- and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages.

This study examined the effects of using behavioral skills training (BST) to teach peer models to engage students with moderate to severe developmental disabilities in interactive play. Two separate multiple-baseline across participants designs were used to determine the effectiveness of BST on the peer models' implementation of the procedural steps and the target students' percent of intervals engaged in interactive play. Results demonstrated that BST was functionally related to the peer models' accurate implementation of procedures and the target students' percentage of intervals engaged in interactive play. In addition, all participants demonstrated generalization to novel activities and play partners, and three of the four target students maintained high levels of interactive play for up to 13 weeks after intervention.

Propagation of the chromatin landscape across cell divisions is central to epigenetic cell memory. Mechanistic analysis of the interplay between DNA replication, the cell cycle, and the epigenome has provided insights into replication-coupled chromatin assembly and post-replicative chromatin maintenance. These breakthroughs are critical for defining how proliferation impacts the epigenome during cell identity changes in development and disease. Here we review these findings in the broader context of epigenetic inheritance across mitotic cell division.

Odontogenic tumors present as locally invasive, slow growing, firm swellings on the face. They are rare in all species and are characterized histologically by the degree of differentiation and dental tissue of origin. Radiographic appearance is not pathognomonic for these lesions. Computed tomographic (CT) examination allows exact determination of tumor extension and aggressiveness. The objectives of this retrospective, case series study were to describe the clinical presentation, CT characteristics, and outcome in horses with histologically confirmed odontogenic tumors, and to identify imaging features suggestive of individual types of tumors. Four ameloblastomas, two ameloblastic carcinomas, three ameloblastic fibromas, and two complex odontomas were included. All but one complex odontoma presented as a single mass. All tumors were associated with maxillary or mandibular bone expansion, alveolar and cortical bone lysis, and cortical bone thinning. The majority also had cortical bone thickening and periosteal proliferation. All tumors contained some degree of mineral attenuation, although only the complex odontomas contained enamel attenuation allowing differentiation from other types of odontogenic tumors in this study. Ameloblastomas were found to have variable CT characteristics likely due to the sub-groups of ameloblastomas. Both ameloblastic carcinomas contained a mixture of mineralized and soft tissue attenuating material whereas ameloblastic fibromas were mainly composed of soft tissue attenuating material. Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic tumors generally indicate that they are expansile, aggressive tumors and can occur in a wide range of ages. Further investigation is needed to elucidate differences between each type of equine odontogenic tumor.

Research indicates that although students with disabilities, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), can be successful in acquiring motor and sport-related skills during physical educa...

Teaching students to generate questions to monitor their reading comprehension is an evidence-based practice demonstrated to be effective across grade levels for students with and without d...

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) deposit DNA methylation, which regulates gene expression and is essential for mammalian development. Histone post-translational modifications modulate the recruitment and activity of DNMTs. The PWWP domains of DNMT3A and DNMT3B are posited to interact with histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3); however, the functionality of this interaction for DNMT3A remains untested in vivo. Here we present a mouse model carrying a D329A point mutation in the DNMT3A PWWP domain. The mutation causes dominant postnatal growth retardation. At the molecular level, it results in progressive DNA hypermethylation across domains marked by H3K27me3 and bivalent chromatin, and de-repression of developmental regulatory genes in adult hypothalamus. Evaluation of non-CpG methylation, a marker of de novo methylation, further demonstrates the altered recruitment and activity of DNMT3AD329A at bivalent domains. This work provides key molecular insights into the function of the DNMT3A-PWWP domain and role of DNMT3A in regulating postnatal growth., PWWP domains of DNMT3A and DNMT3B are proposed to interact with H3K36me3. Here the authors present a mouse model carrying a D329A point mutation in the DNMT3A PWWP domain and find this causes dominant postnatal growth retardation, with aberrant progressive gain of DNA methylation across domains marked by H3K27me3 in adult tissues.

The reclassification of genetic variants poses a significant challenge for laboratories and clinicians. Variant review has resulted in the reclassification of variants of unknown significance as well as the reclassification of previously established pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants. These reclassifications have the potential to alter the clinical management of patients with hereditary cancer syndromes. Results were reviewed for 1694 patients seen for hereditary cancer evaluation between August 2012 and May 2017 to determine the frequency and types of variant reclassification. Patients with reclassifications with high potential for impact were monitored for alterations in organ surveillance, prophylactic surgery, and cascade testing. One hundred forty-two variants were reclassified representing 124/1694 (7.3%) patients; 11.3% of reclassifications (16/142) had a high potential for clinical impact with 94% (15/16) altering clinical management of patients with 56% (9/16) changing multiple areas of management. While reclassifications are rare, the impact on clinical management is profound. In many cases, patients with downgraded pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants had years of unnecessary organ surveillance and underwent unneeded surgical intervention. In addition, cascade testing misidentified those at risk for developing cancers, thereby altering the management across generations. The frequency and types of alterations to clinical management highlight the need for timely variant reclassification.

Age-related vascular dysfunction in large elastic and resistance arteries is associated with reductions in microvascular perfusion and elevations in blood pressure. Recent evidence indicates that telomere uncapping-induced senescence in vascular cells may be an important source of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in aging, but the causal relationship between these processes has yet to be elucidated. To test this important unexplored hypothesis, we measured arterial senescence signaling and oxidative stress, carotid and mesenteric artery endothelium-dependent vasodilatory capacity, markers of mesenteric microvascular perfusion and endothelial glycocalyx deterioration, and blood pressure in a novel mouse model of Cre-inducible whole body Trf2 deletion and telomere uncapping. Trf2 deletion led to a 320% increase in arterial senescence signaling (P < 0.05). There was a concurrent 29% and 22% reduction in peak endothelium-dependent vasodilation in carotid and mesenteric arteries, respectively, as well as a 63% reduction in mesenteric microvascular endothelial glycocalyx thickness (all P ≤ 0.01). Mesenteric microvascular perfusion was reduced by 8% and systolic blood pressure was increased by 9% following Trf2 deletion (both P < 0.05). Trf2 deletion also led to a pro-oxidative arterial phenotype characterized by increased in NADPH oxidase gene expression; a 210% increase in superoxide levels that was partly dependent on NADPH oxidase activity; and an oxidative stress-mediated reduction in carotid artery vasodilation (all P ≤ 0.05). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that induced Trf2 deletion leads to telomere uncapping, increased senescence signaling, and oxidative-stress mediated functional impairments in the vasculature similar to those seen in human aging.

Flavourzyme was used to hydrolyze the germinated rice bean, and the hydrolysates were separated using membrane ultrafiltration with a molecular weight (MW) cut-off of 3 kDa. The ultrafiltration permeate fraction (UFP), non-fractionated hydrolysate (RH), and ultrafiltration retentate fraction (UFR) were foam-mat dried at two temperatures, 60 and 70 °C. The content of each phenolic composition in dried RH samples decreased with increasing drying temperature particularly gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillin, rutin, and, quercetin dropped by 27, 24, 21, 35 and 33%, however the kind of phenolic compositions identified in dried samples was unaffected by drying temperature. Dried UFR and dried UFP had different chromatograms. When the dried UFP and dried UFR chromatograms were examined, it was discovered that the intensity of the peaks in the dried UFR chromatogram was much lower. The majority of phenolics can pass through ultrafiltration membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of 3 kDa, according to this finding. Individual phenolic compound levels in dried UFP samples were similar to RH, implying that the majority of phenolic components in dried rice bean protein hydrolysate were smaller than 3 kDa. With increasing drying temperature, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechol, epicatechin and naringenin levels in dried UFP samples were decreased. The antioxidant capacity of dried rice bean hydrolysate was discovered to be due to phenolic components (gallic acid, epicatechin, catechol, ferulic acid, and rutin), which were found to be more prevalent than peptide fractions. As a result, rice bean hydrolysates could bring novel health advantages, which could lead to the development of nutraceuticals and food products.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. BACKGROUND The recent Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) consensus guidelines on diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have developed a simple diagnostic algorithm for clinical use. PURPOSE To assess whether echocardiogram (echo) parameters needed to assess diastolic function are routinely collected in patients referred for assessment of heart failure symptoms. METHODS Retrospective analysis of echo referrals in January 2020 were assessed for parameters of diastolic function as per step 2 of the HF-PEFF diagnostic algorithm. Echo images and clinical reports were reviewed. Electronic records were utilised to obtain clinical history, blood results (NT-proBNP) and demographic data. RESULTS 1330 patients underwent an echo in our department during January 2020. 83 patients were referred with symptoms of heart failure without prior history of cardiac disease; 20 patients found to have impaired left ventricular (LV) function were excluded from analysis. Of the 63 patients with possible HFpEF, HF-PEFF score was low in 18, intermediate in 33 and high in 12. Median age was 68 years (range 32 to 97 years); 25% had a BMI >30. There was a high prevalence of hypertension (52%), diabetes (19%) and atrial fibrillation (40%) (cf. Table 1). Body surface area (BSA) was documented in 65% of echo reports. Most echo parameters were recorded with the exception of global longitudinal strain (GLS) and indexed LV mass (cf. image 1). NT-proBNP was recorded in only 20 patients (31.7%). 12 patients with an intermediate HF-PEFF score could have been re-categorised to a high score depending on GLS and NT-proBNP (which were not recorded). CONCLUSION More than three quarters of echoes acquired in our department obtained the relevant parameters to assess diastolic function. The addition of BSA, and inclusion of NT-proBNP, and GLS would have been additive to a third of ‘intermediate’ patients to determine definite HFpEF. Our study demonstrates that the current HFA-ESC diagnostic algorithm and HF-PEFF scoring system are easy to use, highly relevant and applicable to current clinical practice. Age >70 years 29 (46.0%) Obesity (BMI >30) 16 (25.4%) Diabetes 12 (19%) Hypertension 33 (52.4%) Atrial Fibrillation 25 (39.7%) ECG abnormalities 18 (28.5%) Table 1. Prevalence of Clinical Risk Factors Abstract Figure. Image 1. HFPEFF score & echo parameters

Experiments were performed to observe the growth of the turbulent, Rayleigh–Taylor unstable mixing layer generated between air and SF6, with an Atwood number of A=(ρ2−ρ1)/(ρ2+ρ1)=0.64, where ρ1 and ρ2 are the densities of air and SF6, respectively. A nonconstant acceleration with an average value of 2300g0, where g0 is the acceleration due to gravity, was generated by interaction of the interface between the two gases with a rarefaction wave. Three-dimensional, multimode perturbations were generated on the diffuse interface, with a diffusion layer thickness of δ=3.6 mm, using a membraneless vertical oscillation technique, and 20 experiments were performed to establish a statistical ensemble. The average perturbation from this ensemble was extracted and used as input for a numerical simulation using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Miranda code. Good qualitative agreement between the experiment and simulation was observed, while quantitative agreement was best at early to intermediate times. Several methods were used to extract the turbulent growth constant α from experiments and simulations while accounting for time varying acceleration. Experimental, average bubble and spike asymptotic self-similar growth rate values range from α=0.022 to α=0.032 depending on the method used, and accounting for variable acceleration. Values found from the simulations range from α=0.024 to α=0.041. Values of α measured in the experiments are lower than what are typically measured in the literature but are more in line with those found in recent simulations.

1Abstract1.1BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) activate CD8+ T cells to elicit anti-cancer activity but frequently lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The relationship of irAE with baseline parameters and clinical outcome is unclear. We investigated associations between irAE development, CD8+ T cell receptor diversity and expression and clinical outcome in a non-trial setting.1.2MethodsPatients ≥18 years old with metastatic melanoma (MM) receiving combination ICB (ipilimumab plus nivolumab – cICB, n=60) or single-agent ICB (nivolumab/pembrolizumab – sICB, n=78) were prospectively recruited. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of irAEs on survival. This analysis was repeated in an independent cohort of MM patients treated at a separate institution (n=210, cICB:74, sICB:136). We performed RNA sequencing of CD8+ T cells isolated from patients prior to treatment, analysing T cell receptor clonality differential transcript expression according to irAE development.1.3Results48.6% of patients experienced treatment-related irAEs within the first 5 cycles of treatment. Development of irAE prior to the 5th cycle of ICB was associated with longer progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS) in the primary cohort (log-rank test, PFS: P=0.00034; OS: PP=0.00064). Across cohorts median survival for those patients not experiencing irAE was 14.4 (95% CI:9.6-19.5) months vs not-reached (95% CI:28.9 - Inf), P=3.0×10−7. Pre-treatment performance status and neutrophil count, but not BMI, were additional predictors of clinical outcome. Analysis of CD8+ T cells from 128 patients demonstrated irAE development was associated with increased T cell receptor diversity post-treatment (P=4.3×10−5). Development of irAE in sICB recipients was additionally associated with baseline differential expression of 224 transcripts (FDRCYP4F3 and PTGS2.1.4ConclusionsEarly irAE development post-ICB is strongly associated with favourable survival in MM and increased diversity of peripheral CD8+ T cell receptors after treatment. irAE post-sICB is associated with pre-treatment upregulation of inflammatory pathways, indicating irAE development may reflect baseline immune activation states.Key messageImmune-related adverse events (irAEs) commonly occur in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. In real world setting we find development of early irAEs post-ICB treatment is associated with survival benefit, indicative of a shared mechanism with anti-tumour efficacy. CD8+ T cells from patients who develop irAE show increased receptor diversity, and pre-treatment samples from patients who develop irAE post single-agent anti-PD1 show over-expression of inflammatory pathways, indicating baseline immune state can determine irAE development.

The consumption of beans has been associated with chronic disease prevention which may be attributed to the polyphenols present in the seed coat and endosperm. However, their bioaccessibility is likely to be limited by interactions with bean matrix components, including starch, protein and fibre. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of domestic processing and enzymatic digestion on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from Borlotti beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and to test their anti-inflammatory properties in a macrophage cell model. In vitro digestion of cooked beans released twenty times more polyphenols (40.4 &plusmn, 2.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) than domestic processing (2.22 &plusmn, 0.1 mg GAE/g), with starch digestion contributing to the highest release (30.9 &plusmn, 0.75 mg GAE/g). Fluorescence microscopy visualization of isolated bean starch suggests that polyphenols are embedded within the granule structure. LC-MS analysis showed that cooked Borlotti bean contain flavonoids, flavones and hydroxycinnamic acids, and cooked bean extracts exerted moderate anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing mRNA levels of IL1&beta, and iNOS by 25% and 40%, respectively. In conclusion, the bioaccessibility of bean polyphenols is strongly enhanced by starch digestion. These polyphenols may contribute to the health benefits associated with bean consumption.