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1. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in immune responses in the respiratory tract and peripheral blood that suggest mechanisms of disease severity

Author

Wuji Zhang, Brendon Y. Chua, Kevin J. Selva, Lukasz Kedzierski, Thomas M. Ashhurst, Ebene R. Haycroft, Suzanne K. Shoffner-Beck, Luca Hensen, David F. Boyd, Fiona James, Effie Mouhtouris, Jason C. Kwong, Kyra Y. L. Chua, George Drewett, Ana Copaescu, Julie E. Dobson, Louise C. Rowntree, Jennifer R. Habel, Lilith F. Allen, Hui-Fern Koay, Jessica A. Neil, Matthew J. Gartner, Christina Y. Lee, Patiyan Andersson, Sadid F. Khan, Luke Blakeway, Jessica Wisniewski, James H. McMahon, Erica E. Vine, Anthony L. Cunningham, Jennifer Audsley, Irani Thevarajan, Torsten Seemann, Norelle L. Sherry, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Sarah L. Londrigan, Linda M. Wakim, Nicholas J. C. King, Dale I. Godfrey, Laura K. Mackay, Paul G. Thomas, Suellen Nicholson, Kelly B. Arnold, Amy W. Chung, Natasha E. Holmes, Olivia C. Smibert, Jason A. Trubiano, Claire L. Gordon, Thi H. O. Nguyen, and Katherine Kedzierska

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is variable but has been linked to prognosis and the development of severe immunopathology. Here the authors assess a range of immune parameters in both peripheral blood and respiratory samples, providing a comparative assessment of the immune response between these compartments and their potential impact on immune-pathogenesis.

Published
2022
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2. Immune profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy reveals NK cell and γδ T cell perturbations

Author

Jennifer R. Habel, Brendon Y. Chua, Lukasz Kedzierski, Kevin J. Selva, Timon Damelang, Ebene R. Haycroft, Thi H.O. Nguyen, Hui-Fern Koay, Suellen Nicholson, Hayley A. McQuilten, Xiaoxiao Jia, Lilith F. Allen, Luca Hensen, Wuji Zhang, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Jessica A. Neil, Katherine Pragastis, Jillian S.Y. Lau, Jaycee Jumarang, E. Kaitlynn Allen, Fatima Amanant, Florian Krammer, Kathleen M. Wragg, Jennifer A. Juno, Adam K. Wheatley, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Gabrielle Pell, Susan Walker, Jennifer Audsley, Arnold Reynaldi, Irani Thevarajan, Justin T. Denholm, Kanta Subbarao, Miles P. Davenport, P. Mark Hogarth, Dale I. Godfrey, Allen C. Cheng, Steven Y.C. Tong, Katherine Bond, Deborah A. Williamson, James H. McMahon, Paul G. Thomas, Pia S. Pannaraj, Fiona James, Natasha E. Holmes, Olivia C. Smibert, Jason A. Trubiano, Claire L. Gordon, Amy W. Chung, Clare L. Whitehead, Stephen J. Kent, Martha Lappas, Louise C. Rowntree, and Katherine Kedzierska

Subjects
Immunology, Infectious disease, Medicine
Abstract

Pregnancy poses a greater risk for severe COVID-19; however, underlying immunological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy are poorly understood. We defined immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in unvaccinated pregnant and nonpregnant women with acute and convalescent COVID-19, quantifying 217 immunological parameters. Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 were similar in pregnant and nonpregnant women, although our systems serology approach revealed distinct antibody and FcγR profiles between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Cellular analyses demonstrated marked differences in NK cell and unconventional T cell activation dynamics in pregnant women. Healthy pregnant women displayed preactivated NK cells and γδ T cells when compared with healthy nonpregnant women, which remained unchanged during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Conversely, nonpregnant women had prototypical activation of NK and γδ T cells. Activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and T follicular helper cells was similar in SARS-CoV-2–infected pregnant and nonpregnant women, while antibody-secreting B cells were increased in pregnant women during acute COVID-19. Elevated levels of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were found in pregnant women in their healthy state, and these cytokine levels remained elevated during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Collectively, we demonstrate perturbations in NK cell and γδ T cell activation in unvaccinated pregnant women with COVID-19, which may impact disease progression and severity during pregnancy.

Published
2023
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3. Immunization with inactivated whole virus particle influenza virus vaccines improves the humoral response landscape in cynomolgus macaques.

Author

Brendon Y Chua, Toshiki Sekiya, Marios Koutsakos, Naoki Nomura, Louise C Rowntree, Thi H O Nguyen, Hayley A McQuilten, Marumi Ohno, Yuki Ohara, Tomohiro Nishimura, Masafumi Endo, Yasushi Itoh, Jennifer R Habel, Kevin J Selva, Adam K Wheatley, Bruce D Wines, P Mark Hogarth, Stephen J Kent, Amy W Chung, David C Jackson, Lorena E Brown, Masashi Shingai, Katherine Kedzierska, and Hiroshi Kida

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Although antibody-inducing split virus vaccines (SV) are currently the most effective way to combat seasonal influenza, their efficacy can be modest, especially in immunologically-naïve individuals. We investigated immune responses towards inactivated whole influenza virus particle vaccine (WPV) formulations, predicated to be more immunogenic, in a non-human primate model, as an important step towards clinical testing in humans. Comprehensive analyses were used to capture 46 immune parameters to profile how WPV-induced responses differed to those elicited by antigenically-similar SV formulations. Naïve cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with either monovalent or quadrivalent WPV consistently induced stronger antibody responses and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres against vaccine-matched viruses compared to SV formulations, while acute reactogenic effects were similar. Responses in WPV-primed animals were further increased by boosting with the same formulation, conversely to modest responses after priming and boosting with SV. 28-parameter multiplex bead array defined key antibody features and showed that while both WPV and SV induced elevated IgG responses against A/H1N1 nucleoprotein, only WPV increased IgG responses against A/H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) and HA-Stem, and higher IgA responses to A/H1N1-HA after each vaccine dose. Antibodies to A/H1N1-HA and HA-Stem that could engage FcγR2a and FcγR3a were also present at higher levels after one dose of WPV compared to SV and remained elevated after the second dose. Furthermore, WPV-enhanced antibody responses were associated with higher frequencies of HA-specific B-cells and IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T-cell responses. Our data additionally demonstrate stronger boosting of HI titres by WPV following prior infection and support WPV administered as a priming dose irrespective of the follow up vaccine for the second dose. Our findings thus show that compared to SV vaccination, WPV-induced humoral responses are significantly increased in scope and magnitude, advocating WPV vaccination regimens for priming immunologically-naïve individuals and also in the event of a pandemic outbreak.

Published
2022
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4. T Cell Epitope Discovery in the Context of Distinct and Unique Indigenous HLA Profiles

Author

Luca Hensen, Patricia T. Illing, Louise C. Rowntree, Jane Davies, Adrian Miller, Steven Y. C. Tong, Jennifer R. Habel, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Katie L. Flanagan, Anthony W. Purcell, Katherine Kedzierska, and E. Bridie Clemens

Subjects
CD8+ T cell epitopes, Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA), influenza, SARS-CoV-2, Indigenous populations, epitope discovery, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

CD8+ T cells are a pivotal part of the immune response to viruses, playing a key role in disease outcome and providing long-lasting immunity to conserved pathogen epitopes. Understanding CD8+ T cell immunity in humans is complex due to CD8+ T cell restriction by highly polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) proteins, requiring T cell epitopes to be defined for different HLA allotypes across different ethnicities. Here we evaluate strategies that have been developed to facilitate epitope identification and study immunogenic T cell responses. We describe an immunopeptidomics approach to sequence HLA-bound peptides presented on virus-infected cells by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using antigen presenting cell lines that stably express the HLA alleles characteristic of Indigenous Australians, this approach has been successfully used to comprehensively identify influenza-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes restricted by HLA allotypes predominant in Indigenous Australians, including HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-A*11:01. This is an essential step in ensuring high vaccine coverage and efficacy in Indigenous populations globally, known to be at high risk from influenza disease and other respiratory infections.

Published
2022
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5. HLA-A*11:01-restricted CD8+ T cell immunity against influenza A and influenza B viruses in Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.

Author

Jennifer R Habel, Andrea T Nguyen, Louise C Rowntree, Christopher Szeto, Nicole A Mifsud, E Bridie Clemens, Liyen Loh, Weisan Chen, Steve Rockman, Jane Nelson, Jane Davies, Adrian Miller, Steven Y C Tong, Jamie Rossjohn, Stephanie Gras, Anthony W Purcell, Luca Hensen, Katherine Kedzierska, and Patricia T Illing

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

HLA-A*11:01 is one of the most prevalent human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), especially in East Asian and Oceanian populations. It is also highly expressed in Indigenous people who are at high risk of severe influenza disease. As CD8+ T cells can provide broadly cross-reactive immunity to distinct influenza strains and subtypes, including influenza A, B and C viruses, understanding CD8+ T cell immunity to influenza viruses across prominent HLA types is needed to rationally design a universal influenza vaccine and generate protective immunity especially for high-risk populations. As only a handful of HLA-A*11:01-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes have been described for influenza A viruses (IAVs) and epitopes for influenza B viruses (IBVs) were still unknown, we embarked on an epitope discovery study to define a CD8+ T cell landscape for HLA-A*11:01-expressing Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian people. Using mass-spectrometry, we identified IAV- and IBV-derived peptides presented by HLA-A*11:01 during infection. 79 IAV and 57 IBV peptides were subsequently screened for immunogenicity in vitro with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLA-A*11:01-expressing Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian donors. CD8+ T cell immunogenicity screening revealed two immunogenic IAV epitopes (A11/PB2320-331 and A11/PB2323-331) and the first HLA-A*11:01-restricted IBV epitopes (A11/M41-49, A11/NS1186-195 and A11/NP511-520). The immunogenic IAV- and IBV-derived peptides were >90% conserved among their respective influenza viruses. Identification of novel immunogenic HLA-A*11:01-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes has implications for understanding how CD8+ T cell immunity is generated towards IAVs and IBVs. These findings can inform the development of rationally designed, broadly cross-reactive influenza vaccines to ensure protection from severe influenza disease in HLA-A*11:01-expressing individuals.

Published
2022
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6. Robust correlations across six SARS‐CoV‐2 serology assays detecting distinct antibody features

Author

Louise C Rowntree, Brendon Y Chua, Suellen Nicholson, Marios Koutsakos, Luca Hensen, Celia Douros, Kevin Selva, Francesca L Mordant, Chinn Yi Wong, Jennifer R Habel, Wuji Zhang, Xiaoxiao Jia, Lily Allen, Denise L Doolan, David C Jackson, Adam K Wheatley, Stephen J Kent, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Kanta Subbarao, Allen C Cheng, Amy W Chung, Mike Catton, Thi HO Nguyen, Carolien E van deSandt, and Katherine Kedzierska

Subjects
antibody‐secreting cells, ELISA, neutralisation assay, SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, T follicular helper cells, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Objectives As the world transitions into a new era of the COVID‐19 pandemic in which vaccines become available, there is an increasing demand for rapid reliable serological testing to identify individuals with levels of immunity considered protective by infection or vaccination. Methods We used 34 SARS‐CoV‐2 samples to perform a rapid surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT), applicable to many laboratories as it circumvents the need for biosafety level‐3 containment. We correlated results from the sVNT with five additional commonly used SARS‐CoV‐2 serology techniques: the microneutralisation test (MNT), in‐house ELISAs, commercial Euroimmun‐ and Wantai‐based ELISAs (RBD, spike and nucleoprotein; IgG, IgA and IgM), antigen‐binding avidity, and high‐throughput multiplex analyses to profile isotype, subclass and Fc effector binding potential. We correlated antibody levels with antibody‐secreting cell (ASC) and circulatory T follicular helper (cTfh) cell numbers. Results Antibody data obtained with commercial ELISAs closely reflected results using in‐house ELISAs against RBD and spike. A correlation matrix across ten measured ELISA parameters revealed positive correlations for all factors. The frequency of inhibition by rapid sVNT strongly correlated with spike‐specific IgG and IgA titres detected by both commercial and in‐house ELISAs, and MNT titres. Multiplex analyses revealed strongest correlations between IgG, IgG1, FcR and C1q specific to spike and RBD. Acute cTfh‐type 1 cell numbers correlated with spike and RBD‐specific IgG antibodies measured by ELISAs and sVNT. Conclusion Our comprehensive analyses provide important insights into SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral immunity across distinct serology assays and their applicability for specific research and/or diagnostic questions to assess SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific humoral responses.

Published
2021
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7. Intrinsic limits on resolutions in muon- and electron-neutrino charged-current events in the KM3NeT/ORCA detector

Author

The KM3NeT collaboration, S. Adrián-Martínez, M. Ageron, S. Aiello, A. Albert, F. Ameli, E. G. Anassontzis, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, T. Avgitas, G. Barbarino, E. Barbarito, B. Baret, J. Barrios-Mart, A. Belias, E. Berbee, A. van den Berg, V. Bertin, S. Beurthey, V. van Beveren, N. Beverini, S. Biagi, A. Biagioni, M. Billault, M. Bondì, R. Bormuth, B. Bouhadef, G. Bourlis, S. Bourret, C. Boutonnet, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, G. Cacopardo, L. Caillat, M. Calamai, D. Calvo, A. Capone, L. Caramete, S. Cecchini, S. Celli, C. Champion, S. Cherubini, V. Chiarella, L. Chiarelli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, L. Classen, D. Cobas, R. Cocimano, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, S. Colonges, R. Coniglione, M. Cordelli, A. Cosquer, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, G. Cuttone, C. D’Amato, A. D’Amico, A. D’Onofrio, G. De Bonis, C. De Sio, I. Di Palma, A. F. Díaz, C. Distefano, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, Q. Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, E. Drakopoulou, D. Drouhin, M. Durocher, T. Eberl, S. Eichie, D. van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, D. Elsaesser, A. Enzenhöfer, M. Favaro, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, G. Frascadore, M. Furini, L. A. Fusco, T. Gal, S. Galatà, F. Garufi, P. Gay, M. Gebyehu, F. Giacomini, L. Gialanella, V. Giordano, N. Gizani, R. Gracia, K. Graf, T. Grégoire, G. Grella, A. Grmek, M. Guerzoni, R. Habel, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, S. Harissopulos, T. Heid, A. Heijboer, E. Heine, S. Henry, J. J. Hernández-Rey, M. Hevinga, J. Hofestädt, C. M. F. Hugon, G. Illuminati, C. W. James, P. Jansweijerf, M. Jongen, M. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, A. Kappes, U. F. Katz, P. Keller, G. Kieft, D. Kießling, E. N. Koffeman, P. Kooijman, A. Kouchner, M. Kreter, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, P. Lamare, G. Larosa, A. Leisos, F. Leone, E. Leonora, M. Lindsey Clark, A. Liolios, C. D. Llorens Alvarez, D. Lo Presti, H. Löhner, A. Lonardo, M. Lotze, S. Loucatos, E. Maccioni, K. Mannheim, M. Manzali, A. Margiotta, A. Margotti, A. Marinelli, O. Maris, C. Markou, J. A. Martínez-Mora, A. Martini, F. Marzaioli, R. Mele, K. W. Melis, T. Michael, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, P. Mijakowski, A. Miraglia, C. M. Mollo, M. Mongelli, M. Morganti, A. Moussa, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, S. Navas, C. A. Nicolau, I. Olcina, C. Olivetto, A. Orlando, A. Orzelli, G. Pancaldi, A. Papaikonomou, R. Papaleo, G. E. Păvălas, H. Peek, G. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, C. Perrina, M. Pfutzner, P. Piattelli, K. Pikounis, M.-O. Pleinert, G. E. Poma, V. Popa, T. Pradier, F. Pratolongo, G. Pühlhofer, S. Pulvirenti, L. Quinn, C. Racca, F. Raffaelli, N. Randazzo, T. Rauch, D. Real, L. Resvanis, J. Reubelt, G. Riccobene, C. Rossi, A. Rovelli, M. Saldaña, I. Salvadori, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. Sánchez García, A. Sánchez Losa, M. Sanguineti, A. Santangelo, D. Santonocito, P. Sapienza, F. Schimmel, J. Schmelling, J. Schnabel, V. Sciacca, M. Sedita, T. Seitz, I. Sgura, F. Simeone, V. Sipala, B. Spisso, M. Spurio, G. Stavropoulos, J. Steijger, S. M. Stellacci, D. Stransky, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, F. Terrasi, D. Tézier, S. Theraube, P. Timmer, C. Tönnis, L. Trasatti, R. Travaglini, A. Trovato, A. Tsirigotis, S. Tzamarias, E. Tzamariudaki, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, J. Vermeulen, F. Versari, P. Vicini, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, M. Volkert, L. Wiggers, J. Wilms, E. de Wolf, K. Zachariadou, S. Zani, J. D. Zornoza, and J. Zúñiga

Subjects
Neutrino Detectors and Telescopes (experiments), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Studying atmospheric neutrino oscillations in the few-GeV range with a multi-megaton detector promises to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy. This is the main science goal pursued by the future KM3NeT/ORCA water Cherenkov detector in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper, the processes that limit the obtainable resolution in both energy and direction in charged-current neutrino events in the ORCA detector are investigated. These processes include the composition of the hadronic fragmentation products, the subsequent particle propagation and the photon-sampling fraction of the detector. GEANT simulations of neutrino interactions in seawater produced by GENIE are used to study the effects in the 1-20 GeV range. It is found that fluctuations in the hadronic cascade in conjunction with the variation of the inelasticity y are most detrimental to the resolutions. The effect of limited photon sampling in the detector is of significantly less importance. These results will therefore also be applicable to similar detectors/media, such as those in ice.

Published
2017
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8. Are NKT cells a useful predictor of COVID-19 severity?

Author

Hui-Fern Koay, Nicholas A. Gherardin, Thi H.O. Nguyen, Wuji Zhang, Jennifer R. Habel, Rebecca Seneviratna, Fiona James, Natasha E. Holmes, Olivia C. Smibert, Claire L. Gordon, Jason A. Trubiano, Katherine Kedzierska, and Dale I. Godfrey

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2022
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9. Suboptimal SARS-CoV-2−specific CD8+ T cell response associated with the prominent HLA-A*02:01 phenotype

Author

Xiaoxiao Jia, Jan Petersen, Allen C. Cheng, Joseph Torresi, Adam K. Wheatley, Brendon Y. Chua, Priyanka Chaurasia, Peter C. Doherty, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Jamie Rossjohn, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Denise L. Doolan, Wuji Zhang, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Stephen J. Kent, Linda M. Wakim, Jennifer R. Habel, Luca Hensen, Jennifer A Juno, Katherine Kedzierska, Weisan Chen, Katie L. Flanagan, Marios Koutsakos, Kathleen M. Wragg, Louise C. Rowntree, and Landsteiner Laboratory

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, 0301 basic medicine, T cell, Pneumonia, Viral, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte, Priming (immunology), Human leukocyte antigen, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Biology, CD38, Lymphocyte Activation, CD8+ T cells, Immunophenotyping, Betacoronavirus, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunology and Inflammation, 0302 clinical medicine, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, HLA-A2 Antigen, medicine, Humans, Cytotoxic T cell, Pandemics, Polyproteins, Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, T lymphocyte, Biological Sciences, Middle Aged, Molecular biology, Peptide Fragments, 3. Good health, SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, HLA-A*02:01, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Granzyme, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, biology.protein, Female, Coronavirus Infections, Immunologic Memory, CD8
Abstract

Significance As the recall of CD8+ T cell memory promotes rapid recovery in, for example, influenza, we investigated circulating SARS-CoV-2−specific CD8+ T cells from COVID-19 patients. For two HLA-A*02:01 SARS-CoV-2−specific CD8+ T cell epitopes, we found that, while ex vivo frequencies of responding T cells were approximately fivefold higher than for pre−COVID-19 samples, they were ∼10-fold lower than for influenza or EBV-specific memory CD8+ T cells. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2−specific CD8+ T cells recovered from convalescent COVID-19 patients had an atypically high prevalence of stem cell memory, central memory, and naïve phenotypes. Might this unexpectedly low prevalence of classical effector memory T cells be a negative consequence of the infectious process that could be avoided by prior priming with an appropriately constituted vaccine?, An improved understanding of human T cell-mediated immunity in COVID-19 is important for optimizing therapeutic and vaccine strategies. Experience with influenza shows that infection primes CD8+ T cell memory to peptides presented by common HLA types like HLA-A2, which enhances recovery and diminishes clinical severity upon reinfection. Stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COVID-19 convalescent patients with overlapping peptides from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the clonal expansion of SARS-CoV-2−specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in vitro, with CD4+ T cells being robust. We identified two HLA-A*02:01-restricted SARS-CoV-2-specfic CD8+ T cell epitopes, A2/S269–277 and A2/Orf1ab3183–3191. Using peptide−HLA tetramer enrichment, direct ex vivo assessment of A2/S269+CD8+ and A2/Orf1ab3183+CD8+ populations indicated that A2/S269+CD8+ T cells were detected at comparable frequencies (∼1.3 × 10−5) in acute and convalescent HLA-A*02:01+ patients. These frequencies were higher than those found in uninfected HLA-A*02:01+ donors (∼2.5 × 10−6), but low when compared to frequencies for influenza-specific (A2/M158) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-specific (A2/BMLF1280) (∼1.38 × 10−4) populations. Phenotyping A2/S269+CD8+ T cells from COVID-19 convalescents ex vivo showed that A2/S269+CD8+ T cells were predominantly negative for CD38, HLA-DR, PD-1, and CD71 activation markers, although the majority of total CD8+ T cells expressed granzymes and/or perforin. Furthermore, the bias toward naïve, stem cell memory and central memory A2/S269+CD8+ T cells rather than effector memory populations suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be compromising CD8+ T cell activation. Priming with appropriate vaccines may thus be beneficial for optimizing CD8+ T cell immunity in COVID-19.

Published
2020

10. Robust SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses with common TCRαβ motifs toward COVID-19 vaccines in patients with hematological malignancy impacting B cells

Author

Thi H.O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, Lilith F. Allen, Brendon Y. Chua, Lukasz Kedzierski, Chhay Lim, Masa Lasica, G. Surekha Tennakoon, Natalie R. Saunders, Megan Crane, Lynette Chee, John F. Seymour, Mary Ann Anderson, Ashley Whitechurch, E. Bridie Clemens, Wuji Zhang, So Young Chang, Jennifer R. Habel, Xiaoxiao Jia, Hayley A. McQuilten, Anastasia A. Minervina, Mikhail V. Pogorelyy, Priyanka Chaurasia, Jan Petersen, Tejas Menon, Luca Hensen, Jessica A. Neil, Francesca L. Mordant, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Aira F. Cabug, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent, Kanta Subbarao, Theo Karapanagiotidis, Han Huang, Lynn K. Vo, Natalie L. Cain, Suellen Nicholson, Florian Krammer, Grace Gibney, Fiona James, Janine M. Trevillyan, Jason A. Trubiano, Jeni Mitchell, Britt Christensen, Katherine A. Bond, Deborah A. Williamson, Jamie Rossjohn, Jeremy Chase Crawford, Paul G. Thomas, Karin A. Thursky, Monica A. Slavin, Constantine S. Tam, Benjamin W. Teh, and Katherine Kedzierska

Subjects
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Published
2023
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11. Robust SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell immunity following three COVID-19 vaccine doses in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving anti-TNF or alternative treatments

Author

Eva Zhang, Thi H O Nguyen, Lilith F Allen, Lukasz Kedzierski, Louise C Rowntree, So Young Chang, Wuji Zhang, Jennifer R Habel, Isabelle J Foo, Tejas Menon, Jeni Mitchell, Rupert W Leong, Katherine Bond, Deborah A Williamson, Katherine Kedzierska, and Britt Christensen

Subjects
Gastroenterology
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMSVaccine-mediated immune responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be influenced by IBD therapies. We investigated in-depth humoral and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients following three COVID-19 vaccine doses.METHODSImmune responses of 100 SARS-CoV-2-uninfected IBD patients on varying treatments were compared to healthy controls (n=35). Anti-S1/2 and anti-RBD SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, CD4+and CD8+T-cell responses were measured at baseline and at five time-points after COVID-19 vaccination.RESULTSAnti-S1/2 and anti-RBD antibody concentrations at ∼1 month after second dose vaccination were significantly lower in anti-TNF-treated patients compared to non-TNF IBD patients and healthy controls (126.4 vs 262.1 and 295.5, pp=0.03), although anti-RBD antibodies reached comparable titres to non-TNF patients. Anti-RBD antibodies were higher in the vedolizumab group than controls after second dose (4.2 vs 3.6, p=0.003). Anti-TNF monotherapy was associated with increased CD4+and CD8+T-cell activation compared to combination anti-TNF patients after second dose, but comparable after third dose. Overall, IBD patients demonstrated similar CD4+/CD8+T-cell responses compared to healthy controls regardless of treatment regimen.CONCLUSIONSAnti-TNFs impaired antibody concentrations when compared to non-TNF patients and controls after two vaccine doses. These differences were not observed after the third vaccine dose. However, vaccine induced SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are robust in anti-TNF-treated patients. Our study supports the need for timely booster vaccination particularly in anti-TNF treated patients to minimise the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Published
2023
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12. Integrated immune networks in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women reveal differential NK cell and unconventional T cell activation

Author

Jennifer A Juno, Allen C. Cheng, Stephen J. Kent, Steven Y. C. Tong, Katherine Bond, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Jennifer R. Habel, Hui-Fern Koay, Jennifer Audsley, Kevin J. Selva, Florian Krammer, Adam K. Wheatley, Wuji Zhang, Kanta Subbarao, Clare Whitehead, Suellen Nicholson, Xiaoxiao Jia, Hayley A McQuilten, Katherine Kedzierska, Amy A Chung, Luca Hensen, Kathleen M. Wragg, Lilith F. Allen, Natasha E Holmes, Fiona L James, Ebene R. Haycroft, Louise C. Rowntree, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jessica A. Neil, Gabrielle Pell, Jason A Trubiano, Timon Damelang, Claire L. Gordon, Olivia C Smibert, Irani Thevarajan, Justin T Denholm, Dale I. Godfrey, Fatima Amanat, Lukasz Kedzierski, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Martha Lappas, Brendon Y. Chua, and Deborah A Williamson

Subjects
Pregnancy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, T cell, medicine.disease, Serology, Immune system, Cytokine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cord blood, Follicular phase, Immunology, Medicine, business, CD8
Abstract

Although pregnancy poses a greater risk for severe COVID-19, the underlying immunological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy are poorly understood. We defined immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant and non-pregnant women during acute and convalescent COVID-19 up to 258 days post symptom onset, quantifying 217 immunological parameters. Additionally, matched maternal and cord blood were collected from COVID-19 convalescent pregnancies. Although serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 were similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women, cellular immune analyses revealed marked differences in key NK cell and unconventional T cell responses during COVID-19 in pregnant women. While NK, γδ T cells and MAIT cells displayed pre-activated phenotypes in healthy pregnant women when compared to non-pregnant age-matched women, activation profiles of these pre-activated NK and unconventional T cells remained unchanged at acute and convalescent COVID-19 in pregnancy. Conversely, activation dynamics of NK and unconventional T cells were prototypical in non-pregnant women in COVID-19. In contrast, activation of αβ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper cells and antibody-secreting cells was similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19. Elevated levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-18 and IL-33 were also found in pregnant women in their healthy state, and these cytokine levels remained elevated during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Collectively, our study provides the first comprehensive map of longitudinal immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, providing insights into patient management and education during COVID-19 pregnancy.

Published
2021
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13. Integrated immune networks in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women reveal differential NK cell and unconventional T cell activation

Author

Jennifer R Habel, Brendon Y Chua, Lukasz Kedzierski, Kevin J Selva, Timon Damelang, Ebene R Haycroft, Thi HO Nguyen, Hui-Fern Koay, Suellen Nicholson, Hayley McQuilten, Xiaoxiao Jia, Lilith F Allen, Luca Hensen, Wuji Zhang, Carolien E van de Sandt, Jessica A Neil, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Kathleen Wragg, Jennifer A Juno, Adam K Wheatley, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Gabrielle Pell, Jennifer Audsley, Irani Thevarajan, Justin Denholm, Kanta Subbarao, Dale I Godfrey, Allen C Cheng, Steven YC Tong, Katherine Bond, Deborah A Williamson, Fiona James, Natasha E Holmes, Olivia C Smibert, Jason A Trubiano, Claire L Gordon, Amy W Chung, Clare L Whitehead, Stephen J Kent, Martha Lappas, Louise C Rowntree, and Katherine Kedzierska

Abstract

Although pregnancy poses a greater risk for severe COVID-19, the underlying immunological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy are poorly understood. We defined immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant and non-pregnant women during acute and convalescent COVID-19 up to 258 days post symptom onset, quantifying 217 immunological parameters. Additionally, matched maternal and cord blood were collected from COVID-19 convalescent pregnancies. Although serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 were similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women, cellular immune analyses revealed marked differences in key NK cell and unconventional T cell responses during COVID-19 in pregnant women. While NK cells, γδ T cells and MAIT cells displayed pre-activated phenotypes in healthy pregnant women when compared to non-pregnant age-matched women, activation profiles of these pre-activated NK and unconventional T cells remained unchanged at acute and convalescent COVID-19 in pregnancy. Conversely, activation dynamics of NK and unconventional T cells were prototypical in non-pregnant women in COVID-19. In contrast, activation of αβ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper cells and antibody-secreting cells was similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19. Elevated levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-18 and IL-33 were also found in pregnant women in their healthy state, and these cytokine levels remained elevated during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Collectively, our study provides the first comprehensive map of longitudinal immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, providing insights into patient management and education during COVID-19 pregnancy.

Published
2021
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14. Water for Kujawy - food for Poland (Woda dla Kujaw - żywność dla Polski)

Author

Rogalski R., Habel M., Rolbiecki R., Rolbiecki S., Stańczyk A. , Kasperska-Wołowicz W., Nowak B., Obolewski K., Wrzosek K., Polak K. , Babiński Z., Molenda T.

Subjects
irrigation, the Vistula river, Kujawy region, agriculture, water retention in the landscape
Abstract

Projekt został przygotowany społecznie przez niezależny zespół ekspertów różnych branż i instytucji, powołany przez Nadwiślański Związek Pracodawców Lewiatan. Celem projektu jest poprawa bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego Polski, poprzez kompleksowe zaopatrzenie w wodę terenów o bardzo dużym potencjale rolniczym, dotkniętych deficytem wody w okresie wegetacyjnym, znacząco ograniczającym możliwości efektywnej produkcji rolnej. 1. Wyeliminowanie ryzyka utraty zbiorów poprzez ustabilizowanie warunków hydrologicznych 2. Zwiększenie plonów 3. Zmiany struktury upraw 4. Poprawa warunków ekonomicznych prowadzenia gospodarki rolnej, co przyniesie szereg korzyści społecznych. W efekcie, cały obszar, znajdujący się w trudnej sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej, zyska impuls rozwojowy. Skorzysta także przemysł, zwłaszcza duże zakłady chemiczne, które zyskają dostęp do wody z Wisły bez uszczerbku dla sytuacji hydrologicznej na Kujawach. Do tej poty korzystały z wód lokalnych, co natywnie wpływało na ich poziom.Projekt stanowi efekt prac szerokiego zespołu eksperckiego, tworzonego przez środowiska naukowe, administrację państwową odpowiedzialną za gospodarowanie wodami (PGW Wody Polskie, RZGW w Bydgoszczy, RZGW w Poznaniu, RZGW w Warszawie), środowiska gospodarcze, sektor pozarządowy oraz administrację samorządową. Strona wwwWoda dla Kujaw (wisladlakujaw.pl)

Published
2021
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15. Immune responses in COVID-19 respiratory tract and blood reveal mechanisms of disease severity

Author

Kelly B. Arnold, Olivia C Smibert, Norelle L Sherry, Brendon Y. Chua, Effie Mouhtouris, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Amy W. Chung, Laura K. Mackay, Sarah L. Londrigan, Kevin J. Selva, Florian Krammer, Linda M. Wakim, Fatima Amanat, Lukasz Kedzierski, Christina Lee, Jessica A. Neil, Torsten Seemann, Ebene R. Haycroft, Suellen Nicholson, Katherine Kedzierska, David F. Boyd, Thomas M. Ashhurst, Patiyan Andersson, Jason A Trubiano, Claire L. Gordon, Julie E. Dobson, Lilith F. Allen, Jason C Kwong, Jennifer R. Habel, Natasha E Holmes, Louise C. Rowntree, Ana Copaescu, Luca Hensen, Dale I. Godfrey, Kyra Y L Chua, Wuji Zhang, George P Drewett, Paul G. Thomas, Nicholas J. C. King, Hui-Fern Koay, Fiona L James, Suzanne K. Shoffner, and Matthew Gartner

Subjects
Chemokine, biology, business.industry, COVID-19, medicine.disease_cause, Coronavirus, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune system, Immunopathology, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Sputum, Respiratory system, medicine.symptom, Seroconversion, Antibody, business, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Although the respiratory tract is the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ensuing immunopathology, respiratory immune responses are understudied and urgently needed to understand mechanisms underlying COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. We collected paired longitudinal blood and respiratory tract samples (endotracheal aspirate, sputum or pleural fluid) from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 controls. Cellular, humoral and cytokine responses were analysed and correlated with clinical data. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies were detected using ELISA and multiplex assay in both the respiratory tract and blood of COVID-19 patients, although a higher receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgM and IgG seroconversion level was found in respiratory specimens. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity in respiratory samples was detected only when high levels of RBD-specific antibodies were present. Strikingly, cytokine/chemokine levels and profiles greatly differed between respiratory samples and plasma, indicating that inflammation needs to be assessed in respiratory specimens for the accurate assessment of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology. Diverse immune cell subsets were detected in respiratory samples, albeit dominated by neutrophils. Importantly, we also showed that dexamethasone and/or remdesivir treatment did not affect humoral responses in blood of COVID-19 patients. Overall, our study unveils stark differences in innate and adaptive immune responses between respiratory samples and blood and provides important insights into effect of drug therapy on immune responses in COVID-19 patients.

Published
2021

16. CD8

Author

Florian Krammer, Adam K. Wheatley, Allen C. Cheng, Kai Yan Mak, Jennifer A Juno, Glen P. Westall, Lilith F. Allen, Olivia C Smibert, Effie Mouhtouris, Lukasz Kedzierski, Louise C. Rowntree, Claire L. Gordon, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jennifer R. Habel, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Fatima Amanat, Kathleen M. Wragg, Luca Hensen, Natasha E Holmes, Jan Petersen, Priyanka Chaurasia, Sabrina Sonda, Peter Harcourt, Joseph Torresi, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Katherine Kedzierska, Francesca L Mordant, Jamie Rossjohn, L. Earnest, Brendon Y. Chua, Jasveen Kaur, Jason A Trubiano, Katie L. Flanagan, Linda M. Wakim, Patrick Clifton, Stephen J. Kent, Paul G. Thomas, Nicole A. Mifsud, Denise L. Doolan, Wuji Zhang, Fiona L James, Jeremy Chase Crawford, and Landsteiner Laboratory

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta, Amino Acid Motifs, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Epitope, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry, Epitopes, 0302 clinical medicine, Receptors, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, Child, alpha-beta/chemistry, Middle Aged, Spike Glycoprotein, 3. Good health, COVID-19/immunology, Coronavirus/chemistry, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Phenotype, Antigen, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Immunodominant Epitopes/chemistry, Female, Adult, T cell, Immunology, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Human leukocyte antigen, Biology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology, Article, SARS-CoV-2/immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, T-Cell/chemistry, medicine, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Humans, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry, Aged, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry, Immunodominant Epitopes, SARS-CoV-2, T-cell receptor, COVID-19, Convalescence, T lymphocyte, T-Cell, Phosphoproteins, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Phosphoproteins/chemistry, CD8, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry
Abstract

To better understand primary and recall T cell responses during COVID-19, it is important to examine unmanipulated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Using peptide-HLA tetramers for direct ex vivo analysis, we characterized CD8+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 patients and unexposed individuals. Unlike CD8+ T cells directed towards subdominant epitopes – B7/N257, A2/S269 and A24/S1208 – CD8+ T cells specific for the immunodominant B7/N105 epitope were detected at high frequency in pre-pandemic samples, and at increased frequency during acute COVID-19 and convalescence. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells in pre-pandemic samples from children, adults and elderly individuals predominantly displayed a naïve phenotype, indicating a lack of previous cross-reactive exposures. T cell receptor (TCR) analyses revealed diverse TCRαβ repertoires and promiscuous αβ-TCR pairing within B7/N105+CD8+ T cells. Our study demonstrates high naive precursor frequency and TCRαβ diversity within immunodominant B7/N105-specific CD8+ T cells, and provides insight into SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell origins and subsequent responses., Graphical Abstract, Examining unmanipulated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells is important for understanding primary and recall responses during COVID-19. Nguyen et al. analyze ex vivo CD8+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and find that immunodominant B7/N105-specific CD8+ T cells are present at high frequencies in blood samples from unexposed, acute COVID-19, and convalescence individuals, which is underpinned by diverse TCR repertoires.

Published
2020

17. Suboptimal SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T-cell response associated with the prominent HLA-A*02:01 phenotype

Author

Jan Petersen, Priyanka Chaurasia, Joseph Torresi, Peter C. Doherty, Weisan Chen, Katherine Kedzierska, Kathleen M. Wragg, Marios Koutsakos, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Louise C. Rowntree, Denise L. Doolan, Wuji Zhang, Allen C. Cheng, Linda M. Wakim, Brendon Y. Chua, Katie L. Flanagan, Stephen J. Kent, Xiaoxiao Jia, Jennifer R. Habel, Luca Hensen, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jennifer A Juno, Adam K. Wheatley, Jamie Rossjohn, and Thi H. O. Nguyen

Subjects
Granzyme, biology, Immunology, biology.protein, Priming (immunology), Cytotoxic T cell, Human leukocyte antigen, CD38, CD8, Ex vivo, HLA-A
Abstract

An improved understanding of human T-cell-mediated immunity in COVID-19 is important if we are to optimize therapeutic and vaccine strategies. Experience with influenza shows that infection primes CD8+ T-cell memory to shared peptides presented by common HLA types like HLA-A2. Following re-infection, cross-reactive CD8+ T-cells enhance recovery and diminish clinical severity. Stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COVID-19 convalescent patients with overlapping peptides from SARS-CoV-2 Spike, Nucleocapsid and Membrane proteins led to the clonal expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells in vitro, with CD4+ sets being typically robust. For CD8+ T-cells taken directly ex vivo, we identified two HLA-A*02:01-restricted SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, A2/S269–277 and A2/Orf1ab3183–3191. Using peptide-HLA tetramer enrichment, direct ex vivo assessment of the A2/S269+CD8+ and A2/Orf1ab3183+CD8+ populations indicated that the more prominent A2/S269+CD8+ set was detected at comparable frequency (∼1.3×10−5) in acute and convalescent HLA-A*02:01+ patients. But, while the numbers were higher than those found in uninfected HLA-A*02:01+ donors (∼2.5×10−6), they were low when compared with frequencies for influenza-specific (A2/M158) and EBV-specific (A2/BMLF1280) (∼1.38×10−4) populations. Phenotypic analysis ex vivo of A2/S269+CD8+ T-cells from COVID-19 convalescents showed that A2/S269+CD8+ T-cells were predominantly negative for the CD38, HLA-DR, PD-1 and CD71 activation markers, although the majority of total CD8+ T-cells were granzyme and/or perforin-positive. Furthermore, the bias towards naïve, stem cell memory and central memory A2/S269+CD8+ T-cells rather than effector memory populations suggests that SARS-CoV2 infection may be compromising CD8+ T-cell activation. Priming with an appropriate vaccine may thus have great value for optimizing protective CD8+ T-cell immunity in COVID-19.

Published
2020
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18. Integrated immune networks in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women reveal differential NK cell and unconventional T cell activation

Author

Jennifer R Habel, Brendon Y Chua, Lukasz Kedzierski, Kevin J Selva, Timon Damelang, Ebene R Haycroft, Thi HO Nguyen, Hui-Fern Koay, Suellen Nicholson, Hayley McQuilten, Xiaoxiao Jia, Lilith F Allen, Luca Hensen, Wuji Zhang, Carolien E van de Sandt, Jessica A Neil, Fatima Amanant, Florian Krammer, Kathleen Wragg, Jennifer A Juno, Adam K Wheatley, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Gabrielle Pell, Jennifer Audsley, Arnold Reynaldi, Irani Thevarajan, Justin Denholm, Kanta Subbarao, Miles P Davenport, Mark Hogarth, Dale I Godrey, Allen C Cheng, Steven YC Tong, Katherine Bond, Deborah A Williamson, Fiona James, Natasha E Holmes, Olivia C Smibert, Jason A Trubiano, Claire L Gordon, Amy W Chung, Claire Whitehead, Stephen J Kent, Martha Lappas, Louise C Rowntree, and Katherine Kedzierska

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Although pregnancy poses a greater risk for severe COVID-19, the underlying immunological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy are poorly understood. We defined immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant and non-pregnant women during acute and convalescent COVID-19 up to 258 days post symptom onset, quantifying 217 immunological parameters. Additionally, matched maternal and cord blood were collected from COVID-19 convalescent pregnancies. Although serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 were similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women, cellular immune analyses revealed marked differences in key NK cell and unconventional T cell responses during COVID-19 in pregnant women. While NK cells, γδ T cells and MAIT cells displayed pre-activated phenotypes in healthy pregnant women when compared to non-pregnant age-matched women, activation profiles of these pre-activated NK and unconventional T cells remained unchanged at acute and convalescent COVID-19 in pregnancy. Conversely, activation dynamics of NK and unconventional T cells were prototypical in non-pregnant women in COVID-19. In contrast, activation of αβ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper cells and antibody-secreting cells was similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19. Elevated levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-18 and IL-33 were also found in pregnant women in their healthy state, and these cytokine levels remained elevated during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Collectively, our study provides key insight to innate T cell and NK cell perturbations occurring in pregnant women with COVID-19, which will potentially inform patient management and education for those with COVID-19 during pregnancy. Supported by National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia

Published
2022
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19. High Precursor Frequency and Promiscuity in Αβ T Cell Receptor Pairing Underpin CD8+ T-Cell Responses to an Immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Epitope

Author

Louise C. Rowntree, Priyanka Chaurasia, Fiona L James, B. Chua, Allen C. Cheng, Adam K. Wheatley, Peter Harcourt, Florian Krammer, Jasveen Kaur, Francesca L Mordant, Kathleen M. Wragg, Katie L. Flanagan, Linda M. Wakim, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Natasha E Holmes, Olivia C Smibert, Glen P. Westall, Jennifer R. Habel, Kai Yan Mak, Stephen J. Kent, Jamie Rossjohn, Jennifer A Juno, Jason A Trubiano, Lukasz Kedzierski, Sabrina Sonda, Joseph Torresi, Denise L. Doolan, Wuji Zhang, Lily Allen, Hyon-Xhi Tan, L. Earnest, Effie Mouhtouris, Fatima Amanat, Luca Hensen, Jan Petersen, Katherine Kedzierska, Claire L. Gordon, and C. E. van de Sandt

Subjects
education.field_of_study, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), education, T-cell receptor, Population, Immunodominance, Virology, Epitope, Medicine, Cytotoxic T cell, media_common.cataloged_instance, Precursor frequency, European union, business, media_common
Abstract

T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2-derived peptide pools have been documented, however it remains largely unclear whether prominent SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell populations originate from naive or pre-existing memory sets. As HLA-B*07:02-restricted N105-113 epitope (B7/N105) is the most dominant SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T-cell specificity to date, we dissected CD8+ T-cell responses directed at this epitope by direct ex vivo analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients, and pre-pandemic PBMCs, tonsils, lungs and spleens. Using peptide-HLA tetramers, immunodominant B7/N105+CD8+ T-cells were detected at a high frequency (∼2.18x10-4) in COVID-19 patients, comparable to the well-established influenza-specific A2/M158+CD8+ T-cell population. Remarkably, frequencies of B7/N105+CD8+ T-cells were also readily detectable in pre-pandemic PBMCs and tonsils (at 6.55x10-5 and 2.76x10-4, respectively), although they mainly displayed a naive phenotype, indicating a lack of previous cross-reactive exposures. Ex vivo TCRαβ analyses revealed that a diverse TCRαβ repertoire and promiscuity in αβ TCR pairing underlie such high naive precursor frequencies of B7/N105+CD8+ T-cells. Overall, our study demonstrates that high precursor frequency and plasticity of TCRα-TCRβ pairing underpin immunodominance of SARS-CoV-2-specific B7/N105+CD8+ T-cell responses and advocates for vaccine strategies which include the nucleocapsid protein to elicit immunodominant CD8+ T-cell responses in HLA-B*07:02 individuals. Funding: This work was supported by theClifford Craig Foundation to KLF and KK, NHMRC Leadership Investigator Grant to KK (1173871), NHMRC Program Grant to DLD (#1132975), Research Grants Council of theHong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (#T11-712/19-N) to KK, the Victorian Government (SJK, AKW), MRFF award (#2002073) to SJK and AKW, MRFFAward (#1202445) to KK, NHMRC program grant 1149990 (SJK) and NHMRC project grant 1162760 (AKW). AKW is supported by Emerging Leadership 1 Investigator Grant (#1173433), JAJ by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (ECF) (#1123673), KK by NHMRC SeniorResearch Fellowship (1102792), DLD by a NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship(#1137285) and SJK by NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (#1136322). CES has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (#792532). JR is supported by an ARC Laureate fellowship. JRH and WZ are supported by the Melbourne Research Scholarship from The University of Melbourne. LH is supported by the Melbourne International Research Scholarship (MIRS) and the Melbourne International Fee Remission Scholarship (MIFRS) from The University of Melbourne. Ethical Approval: Experiments conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki Principles and theAustralian National Health and Medical Research Council Code of Practice. Written informed consents were obtained from all blood donors prior to the study. Lung and spleen tissues were obtained from deceased organ donors after written informed consents from the next of kin.Written informed consents were obtained from participants’ parental or guardians for underage tonsil tissue donors. The study was approved by the Alfred Hospital (#280/14), Austin Health (HREC/63201/Austin-2020); the University of Melbourne (#2057366.1, #2056901.1,#2056689, #2056761, #1442952, #1955465, and #1443389), the Australian Red CrossLifeblood (ID 2015#8), the Tasmanian Health and Medical (ID H0017479) and the James Cook University (H7886) Human Research Ethics Committees.

Published
2020
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20. Re: Integrated Immune Dynamics Define Correlates of COVID-19 Severity and Antibody Responses

Author

M. Koutsakos, L. Rowntree, L. Hensen, B. Chua, C. van de Sandt, Jennifer R. Habel, Wuji Zhang, Xiaoxiao Jia, Lukasz Kedzierski, Thomas M. Ashhurst, G. Putri, Felix Marsh-Wakefield, Read MN, Davis N. Edwards, Bridie E. Clemens, Chinn Yi Wong, Francesca L. Mordant, Jennifer A. Juno, Fatima Amanat, Jennifer Audsley, Natasha E. Holmes, Carly M. Hughes, Mike Catton, Justin Denholm, Steven Tong, Denise L. Doolan, Tom C. Kotsimbos, David C. Jackson, Florian Krammer, Dale Godfrey, Chung AW, Nicholas J.C. King, Sharon R. Lewin, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent, Kanta Subbarao, James McMahon, Irani Thevarajan, Thi H.O. Nguyen, Cheng AC, and Katherine Kedzierska

Subjects
International research, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Ethics committee, Antibody response, Family medicine, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Human research, European union, business, Training program, media_common
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 causes a spectrum of illness, ranging from asymptomatic to severe COVID-19. As the immunological basis for severity remains ill-defined, we analysed 78 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals at acute and/or convalescent timepoints, up to 102 days post-symptom onset, quantifying 184 innate and adaptive immunological parameters. Acute COVID-19 in hospitalised patients was associated with high levels of IL-6, IL-18 and IL-10, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-T cell ratios, and high proportions of activated CD38+ neutrophils, CD38+ eosinophils, CD38+ HLA-DRlo monocytes, CD38+CD56dim NK cells, CD38+ γδ T cells, antibody-secreting cells, CD38+ICOS+ circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cells, CD38+HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells, effector CD27-CD45RA+ and CD38+ CD8+ T cells. During convalescence, elevated seroconversion and neutralising antibodies were prominent and correlated with acute CXCR3+ cTFH cell activation. Strikingly, intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 displayed higher levels of soluble IL-6R, IL-18, and hyperactivation of innate, adaptive and myeloid compartments than ward patients with moderate disease. Our analyses provide a comprehensive map of longitudinal immunological responses in COVID-19 patients during acute and convalescent phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and integrate key cellular pathways of complex perturbed immune networks that underpin severe COVID-19, providing important insights into potential biomarkers and immunotherapies. Funding: This work was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Leadership Investigator Grant to KK (#1173871), NHMRC Program Grant to DLD (#1132975), Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (#T11-712/19-N) to KK, the Jack Ma Foundation to KK, KS, DIG and AWC, the a2 milk foundation to KS, the Victorian Government MRFF award (#2002073) to SJK, DIG and AKW, MRFF Award (#1202445) to KK, NHMRC program grant 1149990 (SJK), NHMRC project grant 1162760 (AKW), NHMRC Program Grant (#1071916) to KK and DCJ, NHMRC Program Grant (1113293) to DIG, the Merridew Foundation to NJCK. KK is supported by NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (1102792), DLD by a NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (#1137285), KS by an NHMRC Investigator grant (#1177174), SYCT by a NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (#1145033), DIG by an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (#1117766) and SJK by NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (#1136322). SRL is supported by an NHMRC program grant (#1149990) and practitioner fellowship (#1135851). LH and WZ are supported by the Melbourne International Research Scholarship (MIRS) and the Melbourne International Fee Remission Scholarship (MIFRS) from The University of Melbourne. XJ is supported by China Scholarship Council-University of Melbourne joint Scholarship. CES has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (#792532). JRH and WZ are supported by the Melbourne Research Scholarship from The University of Melbourne. TMA and FM-W are International Society for Advancement of Cytometry Marylou Ingram Scholars. GHP is supported by the Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. JAJ is supported by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (ECF) (#1123673). EBC. is supported by a NHMRC Peter Doherty Fellowship (#1091516). KK and AC were supported by the University of Melbourne Dame Kate Campbell Fellowship. The Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza is supported by the Australian Government Department of Health. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: The study was approved by the Alfred Hospital (#280/14), Melbourne Health (HREC/17/MH/53), Monash Health (HREC/15/MonH/64/2016.196), The University of Melbourne (#2056689, #2056761, #1442952, #1955465 and #1443389) and James Cook University (H7886) Human Research Ethics Committees.

Published
2020
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21. Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions

Author

Cardoso, P. Barton, P. S. Birkhofer, K. Chichorro, F. Deacon, C. Fartmann, T. Fukushima, C. S. Gaigher, R. Habel, J. C. Hallmann, C. A. Hill, M. J. Hochkirch, A. Kwak, M. L. Mammola, S. Ari Noriega, J. Orfinger, A. B. Pedraza, F. Pryke, J. S. Roque, F. O. Settele, J. Simaika, J. P. Stork, N. E. Suhling, F. Vorster, C. Samways, M. J. and Cardoso, P. Barton, P. S. Birkhofer, K. Chichorro, F. Deacon, C. Fartmann, T. Fukushima, C. S. Gaigher, R. Habel, J. C. Hallmann, C. A. Hill, M. J. Hochkirch, A. Kwak, M. L. Mammola, S. Ari Noriega, J. Orfinger, A. B. Pedraza, F. Pryke, J. S. Roque, F. O. Settele, J. Simaika, J. P. Stork, N. E. Suhling, F. Vorster, C. Samways, M. J.

Abstract

Here we build on the manifesto ‘World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity, issued by the Alliance of World Scientists. As a group of conservation biologists deeply concerned about the decline of insect populations, we here review what we know about the drivers of insect extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions can negatively impact humanity. We are causing insect extinctions by driving habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, use of polluting and harmful substances, the spread of invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, and co-extinction of species dependent on other species. With insect extinctions, we lose much more than species. We lose abundance and biomass of insects, diversity across space and time with consequent homogenization, large parts of the tree of life, unique ecological functions and traits, and fundamental parts of extensive networks of biotic interactions. Such losses lead to the decline of key ecosystem services on which humanity depends. From pollination and decomposition, to being resources for new medicines, habitat quality indication and many others, insects provide essential and irreplaceable services. We appeal for urgent action to close key knowledge gaps and curb insect extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional and global strategies that counter this trend is essential. Solutions are available and implementable, but urgent action is needed now to match our intentions.

Published
2020
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22. Solutions for humanity on how to conserve insects

Author

Samways, M. J. Barton, P. S. Birkhofer, K. Chichorro, F. Deacon, C. Fartmann, T. Fukushima, C. S. Gaigher, R. Habel, J. C. Hallmann, C. A. Hill, M. J. Hochkirch, A. Kaila, L. Kwak, M. L. Maes, D. Mammola, S. Noriega, J. A. Orfinger, A. B. Pedraza, F. Pryke, J. S. Roque, F. O. Settele, J. Simaika, J. P. Stork, N. E. Suhling, F. Vorster, C. Cardoso, P. and Samways, M. J. Barton, P. S. Birkhofer, K. Chichorro, F. Deacon, C. Fartmann, T. Fukushima, C. S. Gaigher, R. Habel, J. C. Hallmann, C. A. Hill, M. J. Hochkirch, A. Kaila, L. Kwak, M. L. Maes, D. Mammola, S. Noriega, J. A. Orfinger, A. B. Pedraza, F. Pryke, J. S. Roque, F. O. Settele, J. Simaika, J. P. Stork, N. E. Suhling, F. Vorster, C. Cardoso, P.

Abstract

The fate of humans and insects intertwine, especially through the medium of plants. Global environmental change, including land transformation and contamination, is causing concerning insect diversity loss, articulated in the companion review Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions. Yet, despite a sound philosophical foundation, recognized ethical values, and scientific evidence, globally we are performing poorly at instigating effective insect conservation. As insects are a major component of the tapestry of life, insect conservation would do well to integrate better with overall biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. This also involves popularizing insects, especially through use of iconic species, through more media coverage, and more inclusive education. Insect conservationists need to liaise better with decision makers, stakeholders, and land managers, especially at the conceptually familiar scale of the landscape. Enough evidence is now available, and synthesized here, which illustrates that multiple strategies work at local levels towards saving insects. We now need to expand these locally-crafted strategies globally. Tangible actions include ensuring maintenance of biotic complexity, especially through improving temporal and spatial heterogeneity, functional connectivity, and metapopulation dynamics, while maintaining unique habitats, across landscape mosaics, as well as instigating better communication. Key is to have more expansive sustainable agriculture and forestry, improved regulation and prevention of environmental risks, and greater recognition of protected areas alongside agro-ecology in novel landscapes. Future-proofing insect diversity is now critical, with the benefits far reaching, including continued provision of valuable ecosystem services and the conservation of a rich and impressive component of Earth's biodiversity.

Published
2020
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25. Acoustic emission from DC pre-treeing discharge processes in silicone elastomer

Author

Wolfgang R. Habel, Philipp Rohwetter, Daniel Pepper, and Gerd Heidmann

Subjects
Materials science, Acoustics, Analytical chemistry, High voltage, Electrical treeing, Space charge, Electromagnetic interference, Stress (mechanics), Acoustic emission, Partial discharge, Electrode, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, sense organs, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Partial discharge in polymeric insulation of high voltage equipment causes cumulative damage that progressively deteriorates the insulation, leading to eventual failure. The electrical detection of related discharge current pulses may be challenged by electromagnetic interference from the environment. In such situations the detection of acoustic emission from partial discharge can greatly enhance its detectability, especially when electromagnetically immune fiber-optic acoustic sensors are used. During experiments involving such fiber-optic sensors that were specifically designed for the detection of partial discharge in elastomeric insulation, an unexpected type of acoustic emission was observed in silicone elastomer specimens with tip–plate electrode configurations and under DC electrical stress. We present and discuss experimental results that indicate space charge injection and subsequent spontaneous dynamical processes as the source of the detected acoustic emission. We use sensitive conventional partial discharge measurement instrumentation to show that the apparent acoustic efficiency of the processes leading to the observed acoustic emission is very high. Acoustic emission triggered by discharge events with individual apparent charge values of only a few femtocoulombs could be detected.

Published
2015
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26. Use of Spectral Conditions to Separate Strain and Temperature Effects in Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded in Load-Carrying Anisotropic Laminates

Author

Nadine Kusche, Eugen Baitinger, F. Steinke, Wolfgang R. Habel, and Vivien Schukar

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Superstructure, Materials science, Strain (chemistry), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Physics::Optics, Aerospace Engineering, Signal, Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, Mechanics of Materials, Solid mechanics, Composite material, Anisotropy, business, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract

This work presents a further development of the methods of simultaneous determination of temperature and axial strain using a single fibre Bragg grating (FBG). The reflected spectrum of composite-embedded FBG sensors has been analyzed in order to separate temperature and load effects. We found out that during the curing process of the laminates, a superstructure has been introduced on the FBG. Analyzing this effect, a temperature and strain separation was implemented by simply calculating and comparing the integrated intensity of the spectral response signal. A mathematical four-parametric model has been developed to calculate the reflected spectrum of a superstructured fibre Bragg grating. The mathematically achieved data has been evaluated with experimentally determined data from fibre Bragg gratings embedded in glass-fibre reinforced composite materials.

Published
2013
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27. Field Deployable Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Patch for Long-Term Stable Health Monitoring Applications

Author

Vivien Schukar, Nadine Kusche, Wolfgang R. Habel, and Gerhard Kalinka

Subjects
temperature sensitivity, Materials science, Composite number, lcsh:Technology, Turbine, fiber Bragg grating, lcsh:Chemistry, Fiber Bragg grating, patch, General Materials Science, Composite material, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Instrumentation, Strain gauge, validation, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Strain (chemistry), lcsh:T, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, Structural engineering, Fibre-reinforced plastic, push-out test, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, Power (physics), lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, Advanced composite materials, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), business, lcsh:Physics, strain gauge factor, fatigue behavior
Abstract

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain patch specially adapted for long-term and high-strain applications has been developed and characterized. The design concept for the patch is based on a glass-fiber reinforced plastic (gfrp) carrier material. The developed concept for the FBG integration into the carrier material was derived from reliable integration procedure of FBG sensors into composite structures. The patches’ temperature sensitivity, strain gauge factor, fiber–matrix interface adhesion and fatigue behavior were characterized. As a result, FBG strain patches with linear temperature and strain behavior, as well as excellent fatigue resistance, were developed and can be used as part of a monitoring system for advanced composite materials in aerospace structures or wind turbine power plants.

Published
2013
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28. Results in standardization of FOS to support the use of SHM systems

Author

Katerina Krebber, Werner Daum, and Wolfgang R. Habel

Subjects
Fiber sensor, Engineering, Standardization, business.industry, Optimal maintenance, Systems engineering, Mechanical engineering, Data recording, Monitoring system, Structural health monitoring, business, International standardization
Abstract

Measurement and data recording systems are important parts of a holistic Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system. New sensor technologies such as fiber-optic sensors are often used; however, standards (or at least guidelines) are not yet available or internationally approved. This lack in standardization makes the acceptance of FOS technologies in complex SHM systems substantially difficult. A standard family for different FOS technologies is therefore being developed that should help to design SHM systems in an optimal way. International standardization activities take place in several standardization bodies such as IEC and ASTM, and within SHM societies such as ISHMII. The paper reports on activities in standardization of fiber-optic sensors, on results already achieved, and on newly started projects. Combined activities of fiber sensor experts and SHM experts from Civil Engineering are presented. These contributions should help owners of structures as well as developers of sensors and monitoring systems to select effective and validated sensing technologies. Using these standards, both parties find recommendations how to proceed in development of SHM systems to evaluate the structural behavior based on e.g. standardized fiber optic sensors, and to derive necessary measures, e.g. the optimal maintenance strategy.

Published
2016
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29. How Reliably do Fiber Bragg Grating Patches Perform as Strain Sensors?

Author

W. R. Habel, V. G. Schukar, and N. Kusche

Subjects
Optical fiber, Materials science, Temperature sensitivity, Strain (chemistry), business.industry, Strain sensor, law.invention, Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, law, Ultimate tensile strength, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Strain gauge, Tensile testing
Abstract

In Germany, the first guideline for the use of fiber Bragg grating strain sensors, “Optical Strain Sensor based on Fiber Bragg Grating” (Berlin, Germany: Beuth-Verlag, 2010), has been developed by the GESA guideline group of VDI, “The Association of German Engineers” and published by Beuth-Verlag. This guideline provides the basic specifications of this sensor type and the sensor characteristics, which have to be known for a reliable sensor performance. In conformity to this guideline, experimental investigations on the strain transfer characteristics of fiber Bragg grating patches have been carried out. A comparison between patches and resistance strain gauges during tensile tests and combined temperature and tensile loading was carried out. The evaluated strain gauge factor and the temperature sensitivity of the strain gauge factor have been compared to the manufacturer's data. The overall performance of the patches has been evaluated. The experimental investigations showed that there are considerable disagreements between the manufacturer's specifications and the observed characteristics.

Published
2012
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30. The Data Acquisition and Transport Design for NEMO Phase 1

Author

A. Martini, M. Osipenko, M. Taiuti, Mario Musumeci, N. Randazzo, A. Grimaldi, E. Barbarito, M. Morganti, A. D'Amico, A. Anzalone, B. Bouhadef, Ralf Wischnewski, C. Petta, Francesco Simeone, Roberto Bellotti, D. Piombo, M. Anghinolfi, L. Maccione, M. Mongelli, E. Migneco, Emanuele Castorina, Tommaso Chiarusi, M. Bazzotti, G. De Bonis, G. De Ruvo, G. Cacopardo, S. Russo, M. Circella, G. Raia, G. Carminati, G. Terreni, G. De Rosa, E. Falchini, R. Habel, R. Masullo, A. Aloisio, M. Ripani, R. De Vita, G. Osteria, M. Cordelli, L. Caponetto, M. Ruppi, Riccardo Papaleo, A. Ceres, G. C. Barbarino, G. Giacomelli, L. Trasatti, C. Distefano, S. Reito, M. Bonori, R. Coniglione, S. Urso, Alessandro Gabrielli, Annarita Margiotta, Alessandro Lonardo, G. Ricco, C. Avanzini, B. Cassano, Teresa Montaruli, A. Bersani, D. Lo Presti, C.A. Nicolau, Nicolo' Beverini, Enzo Gandolfi, F. Ameli, G.V. Russo, S. Biagi, F. Giorgi, F. Lucarelli, F. Raffaelli, P. Piattelli, S. Galeotti, G. Riccobene, E. Shirokov, V. Valente, V. Pappalardo, P. Musico, V. Flaminio, M. Battaglieri, C. De Marzo, Rosanna Cocimano, Valeria Sipala, A. Orlando, Alberto Rovelli, Antonio Capone, Maurizio Spurio, Giuseppe Longo, A. Marinelli, M. Sedita, K. Fratini, Rosario Megna, Piero Vicini, Paolo Sapienza, S. Minutoli, I. Amore, Mário Costa, Manuela Vecchi, Sebastiano Aiello, E. Leonora, F., Ameli, S., Aiello, Aloisio, Alberto, I., Amore, M., Anghinolfi, A., Anzalone, C., Avanzini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, E., Barbarito, M., Battaglieri, M., Bazzotti, R., Bellotti, A., Bersani, N., Beverini, S., Biagi, M., Bonori, B., Bouhadef, G., Cacopardo, A., Capone, L., Caponetto, G., Carminati, B., Cassano, E., Castorina, A., Cere, T., Chiarusi, M., Circella, R., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, M., Cordelli, M., Costa, A., D'Amico, G., De Boni, C., De Marzo, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, G., De Ruvo, R., De Vita, C., Distefano, E., Falchini, V., Flaminio, K., Fratini, A., Gabrielli, S., Galeotti, E., Gandolfi, G., Giacomelli, F., Giorgi, A., Grimaldi, R., Habel, E., Leonora, D., Lo Presti, A., Lonardo, Longo, Giuseppe, F., Lucarelli, L., Maccione, A., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martini, R., Masullo, R., Megna, E., Migneco, S., Minutoli, M., Mongelli, T., Montaruli, M., Morganti, P., Musico, M., Musumeci, C. A., Nicolau, A., Orlando, M., Osipenko, G., Osteria, R., Papaleo, V., Pappalardo, C., Petta, P., Piattelli, D., Piombo, F., Raffaelli, G., Raia, N., Randazzo, S., Reito, G., Ricco, G., Riccobene, M., Ripani, A., Rovelli, M., Ruppi, G. V., Russo, S., Russo, P., Sapienza, M., Sedita, E., Shirokov, F., Simeone, V., Sipala, M., Spurio, M., Taiuti, G., Terreni, L., Trasatti, S., Urso, V., Valente, M., Vecchi, P., Vicini, R., Wischnewski, F. Ameli, S. Aiello, A. Aloisio, I. Amore, M. Anghinolfi, A. Anzalone, C. Avanzini, G. Barbarino, E. Barbarito, M. Battaglieri, M. Bazzotti, R. Bellotti, A. Bersani, N. Beverini, S. Biagi, M. Bonori, B. Bouhadef, G. Cacopardo, A. Capone, L. Caponetto, G. Carminati, B. Cassano, E. Castorina, A. Cere, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, R. Coniglione, M. Cordelli, M. Costa, A. D’Amico, G. De Boni, C. De Marzo, G. De Rosa, G. De Ruvo, R. De Vita, C. Distefano, E. Falchini, V. Flaminio, K. Fratini, A. Gabrielli, S. Galeotti, E. Gandolfi, G. Giacomelli, F. Giorgi, A. Grimaldi, R. Habel, E. Leonora, D. Lo Presti, A. Lonardo, G. Longo, F. Lucarelli, L. Maccione, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Martini, R. Masullo, R. Megna, E. Migneco, S. Minutoli, M. Mongelli, T. Montaruli, M. Morganti, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, C. A. Nicolau, A. Orlando, M. Osipenko, G. Osteria, R. Papaleo, V. Pappalardo, C. Petta, P. Piattelli, D. Piombo, F. Raffaelli, G. Raia, N. Randazzo, S. Reito, G. Ricco, G. Riccobene, M. Ripani, A. Rovelli, M. Ruppi, G. V. Russo, S. Russo, P. Sapienza, M. Sedita, E. Shirokov, F. Simeone, V. Sipala, M. Spurio, M. Taiuti, G. Terreni, L. Trasatti, S. Urso, V. Valente, M. Vecchi, P. Vicini, and R. Wischnewski

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Optical link, Detector, Electrical engineering, dwdm, nemo, neutrino telescope, readout electronics, real-time architecture, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Transmission (telecommunications), NEMO, Control system, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Nuclear electronics, DWDM, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Underwater, business, READOUT ELECTRONICS, Computer hardware, REAL-TIME ARCHITECTURE
Abstract

The NEMO collaboration proposes to build an underwater neutrino telescope located South-East off the Sicily coast. This paper describes the concepts underlying the communication link design going over the whole data acquisition and transport from the front-end electronics to the module sending data on-shore through a fiber optic link which relies on Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. An on-shore board, plugged into a PC, extracts and distributes data both to first-level trigger and control systems. Underwater apparatus monitoring and controls are guaranteed by oceanographic instruments and dedicated sensors, whose data are packed and sent back to shore using the same optical link. The communication is fully bidirectional, allowing transmission of timing and control commands. The architecture described here provides a complete real-time data transport layer between the onshore laboratory and the underwater detector. During winter 2006 a first prototype of the apparatus has been deployed: calibration results from the currently working system are here reported.

Published
2008

31. Fiber-optic sensor applications in civil and geotechnical engineering

Author

Katerina Krebber and Wolfgang R. Habel

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Structural engineering, Deformation (meteorology), Masonry, Elasticity (physics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Acoustic emission, Fiber Bragg grating, Fiber optic sensor, law, Geotechnical engineering, Fiber, business
Abstract

Different types of fiber-optic sensors based on glass or polymeric fibers are used to evaluate material behavior or to monitor the integrity and long-term stability of load-bearing structure components. Fiber-optic sensors have been established as a new and innovative measurement technology in very different fields, such as material science, civil engineering, light-weight structures, geotechnical areas as well as chemical and high-voltage substations. Very often, mechanical quantities such as deformation, strain or vibration are requested. However, measurement of chemical quantities in materials and structure components, such as pH value in steel reinforced concrete members also provides information about the integrity of concrete structures. A special fiber-optic chemical sensor for monitoring the alkaline state (pH value) of the cementitious matrix in steel-reinforced concrete structures with the purpose of early detection of corrosion-initiating factors is described. The paper presents the use of several fiber-optic sensor technologies in engineering. One example concerns the use of highly resolving concrete-embeddable fiber Fabry-Perot acoustic emission (AE) sensors for the assessment of the bearing behaviour of large concrete piles in existing foundations or during and after its installation. Another example concerns fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors attached to anchor steels (micro piles) to measure the strain distribution in loaded soil anchors. Polymer optical fibers (POF) can be — because of their high elasticity and high ultimate strain — well integrated into textiles to monitor their deformation behaviour. Such “intelligent” textiles are capable of monitoring displacement of soil or slopes, critical mechanical deformation in geotechnical structures (dikes, dams, and embankments) as well as in masonry structures during and after earthquakes.

Published
2011
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32. Untersuchung betontechnologischer Fragestellungen mit Hilfe eingebetteter flexibler faseroptischer Fabry—Pérot-InterferometerInvestigations of Durability Parameters of Concrete by Means of Embedded Flexible Fiber-Optic Fabry—Pérot Interferometers

Author

Dietmar Meinel, Bernd Hillemeier, Stephanie Schuler, Wolfgang R. Habel, and Matthias Fuhrland

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Fiber optic sensor, Electrical engineering, Astronomical interferometer, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Flexible fiber, business, Instrumentation, Durability, Fabry–Pérot interferometer
Abstract

Zusammenfassung Die Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonbauteilen zu einer messbaren Größe zu machen, ist ein vorrangiges Ziel der Baustoffforschung. Schrumpfen, Schwinden und Temperaturverformungen gefährden bei Hochleistungsbetonen deren Dauerhaftigkeit. Die begleitende messtechnische Deformationsmessung wird daher zu einer unverzichtbaren Methode, Betonrezepturen zielsicher und ökonomisch hinsichtlich der Dauerhaftigkeit zu entwickeln. Ein flexibler Fabry–Pérot-Interferometer-Sensor ermöglicht die messtechnische Erfassung der frühen Deformationsprozesse bereits ab dem Moment des Betoneinbaus. Der Artikel zeigt das Sensorprinzip, Untersuchungen zur In-situ-Referenzierung und zur Rückwirkung des Sensors sowie dessen Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Baustoff- und Materialforschung.

Published
2009
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33. Strukturanalyse von Betonpfählen durch eingebettete faseroptische Sensoren Analysis of Concrete Foundation Piles Using Structure-Integrated Fibre-Optic Sensors

Author

Wolfgang R. Habel, Matthias Schallert, and Detlef Hofmann

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Fibre optic sensors, Foundation (engineering), Structural engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Zusammenfassung Zur Gründung von Bauwerken auf weichen, gering tragfähigen Böden werden unter anderem Betonpfähle, einzeln oder in Pfahlgruppen, eingesetzt. Deren Bewertung bzgl. Tragverhalten bzw. Integrität ist bei bestimmten Baugrundverhältnissen und Pfahlgeometrien schwierig. Hierfür werden statische und dynamische Pfahlprüfungen durchgeführt. Aus Messwerten vom Pfahlkopf bzw. vom oberen Pfahlbereich werden üblicherweise die notwendigen Aussagen abgeleitet. Eine genauere Bewertung ist möglich, wenn präzise Messwerte über die gesamte Pfahllänge vorliegen. Deshalb wurden hochauflösende betoneinbettbare Messwertaufnehmer auf Basis von Faser-Fabry-Perot-Sensoren entwickelt, die in Modell- und in realen Rammpfählen getestet wurden. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Sensor, die Installation und exemplarisch einige Testergebnisse zur Erfassung der Wellenausbreitung im Modellpfahl. Feldtests wurden zurzeit der Erstellung des Manuskripts erfolgreich begonnen.

Published
2008
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34. A method to stabilise the performance of negatively fed KM3NeT photomultipliers

Author

M. Circella, C. D'Amato, Andrea Biagioni, G. Kieft, G. Pellegrini, Antonio Capone, S. Adrián-Martínez, P. Timmer, J. Schmelling, Piero Vicini, Maurizio Spurio, Rosanna Cocimano, Antonio D'Onofrio, A.J. Heijboer, J.A. Martínez-Mora, Fabrizio Ameli, G. Pühlhofer, M. de Jong, F. Terrasi, F. Versari, Bruny Baret, M. Ageron, M. Morganti, D. Lo Presti, Jörn Wilms, Els Koffeman, Michel André, C. Perrina, F. Di Capua, S. Eichie, P. Coyle, Giacomo Cuttone, B. Bouhadef, Paolo Fermani, Jürgen Brunner, E. Barbarito, Raffaele Buompane, V. Giordano, Mario Musumeci, A. Cosquer, R. Bruijn, G.E. Păvălaş, G. Ferrara, D. Stransky, A. Trovato, P. Migliozzi, A.M. van den Berg, V. Van Elewyck, A. Martini, A. Liolios, L. Quinn, I. Di Palma, G. C. Barbarino, Apostolos Tsirigotis, M. Durocher, Silvio Cherubini, I. Olcina, G. Cacopardo, Cristiano Bozza, T. Avgitas, M. M. Pfützner, N. Randazzo, E. Drakopoulou, Fabio Marzaioli, Herbert Löhner, S. Galatà, S. Bourret, S. Henry, G. E. Poma, K. Pikounis, M. Saldaña, Francesco Simeone, Alessandro Lonardo, F. Raffaelli, B. Vallage, A. Marinelli, M. Sedita, A. Sánchez Losa, L. Caillat, A. Enzenhöfer, Oleg Kalekin, Fabio Pratolongo, A. D'Amico, Antonios Leisos, C. Boutonnet, M. Gebyehu, Lucio Gialanella, J.D. Zornoza, Yahya Tayalati, D. Kießling, M.C. Bouwhuis, Sara Pulvirenti, Carmelo Pellegrino, F. Garufi, M. Volkert, R. Mele, Silvia Celli, Simona Maria Stellacci, S. Loucatos, T. Pradier, A. Coleiro, L. Classen, R. Bormuth, Vitaliano Chiarella, P. Piattelli, V. van Beveren, Matthias Kadler, L. K. Resvanis, V. Sciacca, M. Anghinolfi, Giulia Illuminati, D. van Eijk, S. Theraube, J. C. Vermeulen, K. Zachariadou, Domenico Santonocito, C. W. James, Patrick Lamare, Sotirios Harissopulos, H. van Haren, E. Migneco, L Chiarelli, F. Schimmel, G. Frascadore, B. Spisso, M. Cordelli, C. D. Llorens Alvarez, Valeria Sipala, T. Michael, Thomas Eberl, M. Lotze, M. Taiuti, A. Rovelli, Abdelilah Moussa, Paolo Musico, Michael Kreter, Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, L. Trasatti, F. Giacomini, M. Ardid, M. Furini, C. Olivetto, L.W. Wiggers, M. Hevinga, Nicolo' Beverini, H. Peek, C. Hugon, S. Colonges, D. Calvo, P. Jansweijer, Gisela Anton, S.F. Biagi, M. Billault, C. De Sio, A. Albert, E. Buis, C. Tönnis, Diego Real, C. Racca, Antoine Kouchner, Corinne Donzaud, Paolo Sapienza, P.M. Kooijman, A. Paolucci, A. Papaikonomou, E. Berbee, V. Popa, G. De Bonis, I. Salvadori, Robert Lahmann, J. Reubelt, T. Heid, Georgios Stavropoulos, Sebastiano Aiello, A. Sánchez García, Karl Mannheim, E. Tzamariudaki, M. Mongelli, I. El Bojaddaini, C. Rossi, M. Calamai, D. Drouhin, Q. Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Steffen Hallmann, M. Bondì, E. G. Anassontzis, Damien Dornic, Jos Steijger, Riccardo Travaglini, Alexander Kappes, A. Miraglia, Salvatore Viola, E. Heine, Dominik Elsaesser, G. Bourlis, P. Keller, G. Grella, Matteo Sanguineti, G. Pancaldi, Andrea Santangelo, A. Grmek, P. Mijakowski, Kay Graf, Karel Melis, J. Barrios-Martí, Enrico Maccioni, R. Habel, M. Favaro, S. Beurthey, Nectaria A. B. Gizani, Carlo Alessandro Nicolau, M. Lindsey Clark, S. Tzamarias, C. Markou, Riccardo Papaleo, G. Riccobene, Uli Katz, A. Belias, A. Creusot, A. Orzelli, E. De Wolff, R. Gracia, G. Androulakis, Jutta Schnabel, O. Mariş, M. Jongen, Jose Busto, D. Cobas, J. Zúñiga, T. Gal, T. Seitz, C. Distefano, D. F. E. Samtleben, Daniele Vivolo, A. Margotti, S Zani, Luigi Antonio Fusco, Joao A B Coelho, M. Guerzoni, L. Caramete, T. Grégoire, Annarita Margiotta, D. Tézier, I. Sgura, Angelo Orlando, C. Champion, V. Kulikovskiy, M. Manzali, S. Cecchini, Juan José Hernández-Rey, Emanuele Leonora, Tommaso Chiarusi, R. Coniglione, J. Hofestädt, V. Bertin, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Km3NeT Collaboration, Adrián Martínez, S. Am, Ageron, M. B, Aiello, S. S, Albert, A. An, Ameli, F. W, Anassontzis, E. G. Ad, Andre, M. Al, Androulakis, G. Ab, Anghinolfi, M. T, Anton, G. G, Ardid, M. Am, Avgitas, T. C, Barbarino, G. Uai, Barbarito, E. Q, Baret, B. C, Barrios Martí, J. K, Belias, A. Ab, Berbee, E. F, Van Den Berg, A. Y, Bertin, V. B, Beurthey, S. B, Van Beveren, V. F, Beverini, N. Vaj, Biagi, S. O, Biagioni, A. W, Billault, M. B, Bondì, M. S, Bormuth, R. Fz, Bouhadef, B. V, Bourlis, G. J, Bourret, S. C, Boutonnet, C. C, Bouwhuis, M. F, Bozza, C. At, Bruijn, R. Aq, Brunner, J. B, Buis, E. Ag, Buompane, R. Uae, Busto, J. B, Cacopardo, G. O, Caillat, L. B, Calamai, M. V, Calvo, D. K, Capone, A. Wak, Caramete, L. X, Cecchini, S. R, Celli, S. Iwak, Champion, C. C, Cherubini, S. Oar, Chiarella, V. P, Chiarelli, L. Nr, Chiarusi, T. R, Circella, M. Q, Classen, L. G, Cobas, D. C, Cocimano, R. O, Coelho, J. A. B. C, Coleiro, A. C, Colonges, S. C, Coniglione, R. O, Cordelli, M. P, Cosquer, A. B, Coyle, P. B, Creusot, A. C, Cuttone, G. O, D'Amato, C. O, D'Amico, A. F, D'Onofrio, A. Uae, De Bonis, G. W, De Sio, C. At, DI CAPUA, Francesco, Di Palma, I. Wak, Distefano, C. O, Donzaud, C. C, Dornic, D. B, Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q. Y, Drakopoulou, E. Ab, Drouhin, D. An, Durocher, M. Io, Eberl, T. G, Eichie, S. Gh, Van Eijk, D. F, El Bojaddaini, I. Ao, Elsaesser, D. Au, Enzenhöfer, A. B, Favaro, M. Nr, Fermani, P. W, Ferrara, G. Oar, Frascadore, G. O, Furini, M. R, Fusco, L. A. Rah, Gal, T. G, Galatà, S. C, Garufi, F. Uai, Gay, P. Cm, Gebyehu, M. F, Giacomini, F. Nr, Gialanella, L. Uae, Giordano, V. S, Gizani, N. J, Gracia, R. C, Graf, K. G, Grégoire, T. C, Grella, G. At, Grmek, A. O, Guerzoni, M. R, Habel, R. P, Hallmann, S. G, Van Haren, H. Ac, Harissopulos, S. Ab, Heid, T. G, Heijboer, A. F, Heine, E. F, Henry, S. B, Hernández Rey, J. J. K, Hevinga, M. Y, Hofestädt, J. G, Hugon, C. M. F. T, Illuminati, G. K, James, C. W. G, Jansweijer, P. F, Jongen, M. F, De Jong, M. F, Kadler, M. Au, Kalekin, O. G, Kappes, A. G, Katz, U. F. G, Keller, P. B, Kieft, G. F, Kießling, D. G, Koffeman, E. N. F, Kooijman, P. Aqav, Kouchner, A. C, Kreter, M. Au, Kulikovskiy, V. B, Lahmann, R. G, Lamare, P. B, Leisos, A. J, Leonora, E. S, Clark, M. L. C, Liolios, A. D, Alvarez, C. D. L. Am, Lo Presti, D. S, Löhner, H. Y, Lonardo, A. W, Lotze, M. K, Loucatos, S. C, Maccioni, E. Vaj, Mannheim, K. Au, Manzali, M. Nr, Margiotta, A. Rah, Margotti, A. R, Marinelli, A. Vaj, Mariš, O. X, Markou, C. Ab, Martínez Mora, J. A. Am, Martini, A. P, Marzaioli, F. Uae, Mele, R. Uai, Melis, K. W. F, Michael, T. F, Migliozzi, P. U, Migneco, E. O, Mijakowski, P. Aa, Miraglia, A. O, Mollo, C. M. U, Mongelli, M. Q, Morganti, M. Av, Moussa, A. Ao, Musico, P. T, Musumeci, M. O, Nicolau, C. A. W, Olcina, I. K, Olivetto, C. C, Orlando, A. O, Orzelli, A. T, Pancaldi, G. R, Paolucci, A. R, Papaikonomou, A. J, Papaleo, R. O, Pǎvǎlaš, G. E. X, Peek, H. F, Pellegrini, G. R, Pellegrino, C. Rah, Perrina, C. Wak, Pfutzner, M. F, Piattelli, P. O, Pikounis, K. Ab, Poma, G. E. Oar, Popa, V. X, Pradier, T. L, Pratolongo, F. T, Pühlhofer, G. E, Pulvirenti, S. O, Quinn, L. B, Racca, C. An, Raffaelli, F. V, Randazzo, N. S, Real, D. K, Resvanis, L. Ad, Reubelt, J. G, Riccobene, G. O, Rossi, C. T, Rovelli, A. O, Saldaña, M. Am, Salvadori, I. B, Samtleben, D. F. E. Fz, Sánchez García, A. K, Sánchez Losa, A. Q, Sanguineti, M. T, Santangelo, A. E, Santonocito, D. O, Sapienza, P. O, Schimmel, F. F, Schmelling, J. F, Schnabel, J. G, Sciacca, V. O, Sedita, M. O, Seitz, T. G, Sgura, I. Q, Simeone, F. W, Sipala, V. S, Spisso, B. Uat, Spurio, M. Rah, Stavropoulos, G. Ab, Steijger, J. F, Stellacci, S. M. At, Stransky, D. G, Taiuti, M. Ta, Tayalati, Y. Aoap, Terrasi, F. Uae, Tézier, D. B, Theraube, S. B, Timmer, P. F, Tönnis, C. K, Trasatti, L. P, Travaglini, R. R, Trovato, A. O, Tsirigotis, A. J, Tzamarias, S. D, Tzamariudaki, E. Ab, Vallage, B. C, Van Elewyck, V. C, Vermeulen, J. F, Versari, F. Rah, Vicini, P. W, Viola, S. O, Vivolo, D. Uai, Volkert, M. G, Wiggers, L. F, Wilms, J. H, De Wolf, E. Faq, Zachariadou, K. Af, Zani, S. Nr, Zornoza, J. D. K, Zúñiga, J. K., Adrián-Martínez, S., Ageron, M., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E.G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Avgitas, T., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Baret, B., Barrios-Martí, J., Belias, A., Berbee, E., Van Den Berg, A., Bertin, V., Beurthey, S., Van Beveren, V., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Billault, M., Bondì, M., Bormuth, R., Bouhadef, B., Bourlis, G., Bourret, S., Boutonnet, C., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calamai, M., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Cecchini, S., Celli, S., Champion, C., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarelli, L., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Classen, L., Cobas, D., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J.A.B., Coleiro, A., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cordelli, M., Cosquer, A., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amico, A., D'Onofrio, A., De Bonis, G., De Sio, C., Di Capua, F., Di Palma, I., Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., Eichie, S., Van Eijk, D., El Bojaddaini, I., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Favaro, M., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Frascadore, G., Furini, M., Fusco, L.A., Gal, T., Galatà, S., Garufi, F., Gay, P., Gebyehu, M., Giacomini, F., Gialanella, L., Giordano, V., Gizani, N., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grégoire, T., Grella, G., Grmek, A., Guerzoni, M., Habel, R., Hallmann, S., Van Haren, H., Harissopulos, S., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Heine, E., Henry, S., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hevinga, M., Hofestädt, J., Hugon, C.M.F., Illuminati, G., James, C.W., Jansweijer, P., Jongen, M., De Jong, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Kappes, A., Katz, U.F., Keller, P., Kieft, G., Kießling, D., Koffeman, E.N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Leisos, A., Leonora, E., Clark, M. Lindsey, Liolios, A., Alvarez, C.D. Lloren, Lo Presti, D., Löhner, H., Lonardo, A., Lotze, M., Loucatos, S., Maccioni, E., Mannheim, K., Manzali, M., Margiotta, A., Margotti, A., Marinelli, A., Mariš, O., Markou, C., Martínez-Mora, J.A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mele, R., Melis, K.W., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C.M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Moussa, A., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolau, C.A., Olcina, I., Olivetto, C., Orlando, A., Orzelli, A., Pancaldi, G., Paolucci, A., Papaikonomou, A., Papaleo, R., Pǎvǎlaš, G.E., Peek, H., Pellegrini, G., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, C., Pfutzner, M., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Poma, G.E., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pratolongo, F., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Racca, C., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rossi, C., Rovelli, A., Saldaña, M., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D.F.E., Sánchez García, A., Sánchez Losa, A., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schimmel, F., Schmelling, J., Schnabel, J., Sciacca, V., Sedita, M., Seitz, T., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, G., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S.M., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Terrasi, F., Tézier, D., Theraube, S., Timmer, P., Tönnis, C., Trasatti, L., Travaglini, R., Trovato, A., Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Vermeulen, J., Versari, F., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Volkert, M., Wiggers, L., Wilms, J., De Wolf, E., Zachariadou, K., Zani, S., Zornoza, J.D., Zúñiga, J., Adrian-Martinez, S, Ageron, M, Aiello, S, Albert, A, Ameli, F, Anassontzis, Eg, Andre, M, Androulakis, G, Anghinolfi, M, Anton, G, Ardid, M, Avgitas, T, Barbarino, G, Barbarito, E, Baret, B, Barrios-Marti, J, Belias, A, Berbee, E, van den Berg, A, Bertin, V, Beurthey, S, van Beveren, V, Beverini, N, Biagi, S, Biagioni, A, Billault, M, Bondi, M, Bormuth, R, Bouhadef, B, Bourlis, G, Bourret, S, Boutonnet, C, Bouwhuis, M, Bozza, C, Bruijn, R, Brunner, J, Buis, E, Buompane, R, Busto, J, Cacopardo, G, Caillat, L, Calamai, M, Calvo, D, Capone, A, Caramete, L, Cecchini, S, Celli, S, Champion, C, Cherubini, S, Chiarella, V, Chiarelli, L, Chiarusi, T, Circella, M, Classen, L, Cobas, D, Cocimano, R, Coelho, Jab, Coleiro, A, Colonges, S, Coniglione, R, Cordelli, M, Cosquer, A, Coyle, P, Creusot, A, Cuttone, G, D'Amato, C, D'Amico, A, D'Onofrio, A, De Bonis, G, De Sio, C, Di Capua, F, Di Palma, I, Distefano, C, Donzaud, C, Dornic, D, Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q, Drakopoulou, E, Drouhin, D, Durocher, M, Eberl, T, Eichie, S, van Eijk, D, El Bojaddaini, I, Elsaesser, D, Enzenhofer, A, Favaro, M, Fermani, P, Ferrara, G, Frascadore, G, Furini, M, Fusco, La, Gal, T, Galata, S, Garufi, F, Gay, P, Gebyehu, M, Giacomini, F, Gialanella, L, Giordano, V, Gizani, N, Gracia, R, Graf, K, Gregoire, T, Grella, G, Grmek, A, Guerzoni, M, Habel, R, Hallmann, S, van Haren, H, Harissopulos, S, Heid, T, Heijboer, A, Heine, E, Henry, S, Hernandez-Rey, Jj, Hevinga, M, Hofestadt, J, Hugon, Cmf, Illuminati, G, James, Cw, Jansweijer, P, Jongen, M, de Jong, M, Kadler, M, Kalekin, O, Kappes, A, Katz, Uf, Keller, P, Kieft, G, Kiessling, D, Koffeman, En, Kooijman, P, Kouchner, A, Kreter, M, Kulikovskiy, V, Lahmann, R, Lamare, P, Leisos, A, Leonora, Je, Clark, Ml, Liolios, A, Alvarez, Cdl, Lo Presti, D, Lohner, H, Lonardo, A, Lotze, M, Loucatos, S, Maccioni, E, Mannheim, K, Manzali, M, Margiotta, A, Margotti, A, Marinelli, A, Maris, O, Markou, C, Martinez-Mora, Ja, Martini, A, Marzaioli, F, Mele, R, Melis, Kw, Michael, T, Migliozzi, P, Migneco, E, Mijakowski, P, Miraglia, A, Mollo, Cm, Mongelli, M, Morganti, M, Moussa, A, Musico, P, Musumeci, M, Nicolau, Ca, Olcina, I, Olivetto, C, Orlando, A, Orzelli, A, Pancaldi, G, Paolucci, A, Papaikonomou, A, Papaleo, R, Pavalas, Ge, Peek, H, Pellegrini, G, Pellegrino, C, Perrina, C, Pfutzner, M, Piattelli, P, Pikounis, K, Poma, Ge, Popa, V, Pradier, T, Pratolongo, F, Puhlhofer, G, Pulvirenti, S, Quinn, L, Racca, C, Raffaelli, F, Randazzo, N, Real, D, Resvanis, L, Reubelt, J, Riccobene, G, Rossi, C, Rovelli, A, Saldana, M, Salvadori, I, Samtleben, Dfe, Garcia, A, Losa, A, Sanguineti, M, Santangelo, A, Santonocito, D, Sapienza, P, Schimmel, F, Schmelling, J, Schnabel, J, Sciacca, V, Sedita, M, Seitz, T, Sgura, I, Simeone, F, Sipala, V, Spisso, B, Spurio, M, Stavropoulos, G, Steijger, J, Stellacci, Sm, Stransky, D, Taiuti, M, Tayalati, Y, Terrasi, F, Tezier, D, Theraube, S, Timmer, P, Tonnis, C, Trasatti, L, Travaglini, R, Trovato, A, Tsirigotis, A, Tzamarias, S, Tzamariudaki, E, Vallage, B, Van Elewyck, V, Vermeulen, J, Versari, F, Vicini, P, Viola, S, Vivolo, D, Volkert, M, Wiggers, L, Wilms, J, de Wolf, E, Zachariadou, K, Zani, S, Zornoza, Jd, Zuniga, J, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Adrián Martínez, S., Anassontzis, E. G., Barrios Martí, J., Coelho, J. A. B., D'Onofrio, Antonio, Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Fusco, L. A., Gialanella, Lucio, Hernández Rey, J. J., Hugon, C. M. F., James, C. W., Katz, U. F., Koffeman, E. N., Alvarez, C. D. Lloren, Martínez Mora, J. A., Marzaioli, Fabio, Melis, K. W., Mollo, C. M., Nicolau, C. A., Pǎvǎlaš, G. E., Poma, G. E., Samtleben, D. F. E., Stellacci, S. M., Terrasi, Filippo, and Zornoza, J. D.

Subjects
PROTOTYPE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, photomultiplier, coating, KM3NeT, neutrino telescope, Instrument optimization, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Neutrino detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes, solid-photocathodes), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 01 natural sciences, Neutrino detector, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Photon detectors for UV, Physics, OPT - Optics, TS - Technical Sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Instrument optimisation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High voltage, Optoelectronics, Nano Technology, Neutrino, Photomultiplier, visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes, Context (language use), Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes, solid-photocathode, Partícules (Física nuclear), Photocathode, NO, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrins, 14. Life underwater, Electronics, Neutrinos, Detectors òptics, Optical detectors, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Neutrino astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], FISICA APLICADA, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes, solid-photocathodes), solid-photocathodes), business
Abstract

[EN] The KM3NeT research infrastructure, currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, will host neutrino telescopes for the identification of neutrino sources in the Universe and for studies of the neutrino mass hierarchy. These telescopes will house hundreds of thousands of photomultiplier tubes that will have to be operated in a stable and reliable fashion. In this context, the stability of the dark counts has been investigated for photomultiplier tubes with negative high voltage on the photocathode and held in insulating support structures made of 3D printed nylon material. Small gaps between the rigid support structure and the photomultiplier tubes in the presence of electric fields can lead to discharges that produce dark count rates that are highly variable. A solution was found by applying the same insulating varnish as used for the high voltage bases directly to the outside of the photomultiplier tubes. This transparent conformal coating provides a convenient and inexpensive method of insulation., The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), France; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Agence de l'Oriental and CNRST, Morocco; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voorWetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Plan Estatal de Investigacion (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain.

Published
2016
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35. Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0

Author

S Adrián-Martínez, M Ageron, F Aharonian, S Aiello, A Albert, F Ameli, E Anassontzis, M Andre, G Androulakis, M Anghinolfi, G Anton, M Ardid, T Avgitas, G Barbarino, E Barbarito, B Baret, J Barrios-Martí, B Belhorma, A Belias, E Berbee, A van den Berg, V Bertin, S Beurthey, V van Beveren, N Beverini, S Biagi, A Biagioni, M Billault, M Bondì, R Bormuth, B Bouhadef, G Bourlis, S Bourret, C Boutonnet, M Bouwhuis, C Bozza, R Bruijn, J Brunner, E Buis, J Busto, G Cacopardo, L Caillat, M Calamai, D Calvo, A Capone, L Caramete, S Cecchini, S Celli, C Champion, R Cherkaoui El Moursli, S Cherubini, T Chiarusi, M Circella, L Classen, R Cocimano, J A B Coelho, A Coleiro, S Colonges, R Coniglione, M Cordelli, A Cosquer, P Coyle, A Creusot, G Cuttone, A D’Amico, G De Bonis, G De Rosa, C De Sio, F Di Capua, I Di Palma, A F Díaz García, C Distefano, C Donzaud, D Dornic, Q Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, E Drakopoulou, D Drouhin, L Drury, M Durocher, T Eberl, S Eichie, D van Eijk, I El Bojaddaini, N El Khayati, D Elsaesser, A Enzenhöfer, F Fassi, P Favali, P Fermani, G Ferrara, C Filippidis, G Frascadore, L A Fusco, T Gal, S Galatà, F Garufi, P Gay, M Gebyehu, V Giordano, N Gizani, R Gracia, K Graf, T Grégoire, G Grella, R Habel, S Hallmann, H van Haren, S Harissopulos, T Heid, A Heijboer, E Heine, S Henry, J J Hernández-Rey, M Hevinga, J Hofestädt, C M F Hugon, G Illuminati, C W James, P Jansweijer, M Jongen, M de Jong, M Kadler, O Kalekin, A Kappes, U F Katz, P Keller, G Kieft, D Kießling, E N Koffeman, P Kooijman, A Kouchner, V Kulikovskiy, R Lahmann, P Lamare, A Leisos, E Leonora, M Lindsey Clark, A Liolios, C D Llorens Alvarez, D Lo Presti, H Löhner, A Lonardo, M Lotze, S Loucatos, E Maccioni, K Mannheim, A Margiotta, A Marinelli, O Mariş, C Markou, J A Martínez-Mora, A Martini, R Mele, K W Melis, T Michael, P Migliozzi, E Migneco, P Mijakowski, A Miraglia, C M Mollo, M Mongelli, M Morganti, A Moussa, P Musico, M Musumeci, S Navas, C A Nicolau, I Olcina, C Olivetto, A Orlando, A Papaikonomou, R Papaleo, G E Păvălaş, H Peek, C Pellegrino, C Perrina, M Pfutzner, P Piattelli, K Pikounis, G E Poma, V Popa, T Pradier, F Pratolongo, G Pühlhofer, S Pulvirenti, L Quinn, C Racca, F Raffaelli, N Randazzo, P Rapidis, P Razis, D Real, L Resvanis, J Reubelt, G Riccobene, C Rossi, A Rovelli, M Saldaña, I Salvadori, D F E Samtleben, A Sánchez García, A Sánchez Losa, M Sanguineti, A Santangelo, D Santonocito, P Sapienza, F Schimmel, J Schmelling, V Sciacca, M Sedita, T Seitz, I Sgura, F Simeone, I Siotis, V Sipala, B Spisso, M Spurio, G Stavropoulos, J Steijger, S M Stellacci, D Stransky, M Taiuti, Y Tayalati, D Tézier, S Theraube, L Thompson, P Timmer, C Tönnis, L Trasatti, A Trovato, A Tsirigotis, S Tzamarias, E Tzamariudaki, B Vallage, V Van Elewyck, J Vermeulen, P Vicini, S Viola, D Vivolo, M Volkert, G Voulgaris, L Wiggers, J Wilms, E de Wolf, K Zachariadou, J D Zornoza, J Zúñiga, Adrian-Martinez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Avgitas, T., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Baret, B., Barrios-Marti, J., Belhorma, B., Belias, A., Berbee, E., Van Den Berg, A., Bertin, V., Beurthey, S., Van Beveren, V., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Billault, M., Bondi, M., Bormuth, R., Bouhadef, B., Bourlis, G., Bourret, S., Boutonnet, C., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Busto, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calamai, M., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Cecchini, S., Celli, S., Champion, C., El Moursli, R. C., Cherubini, S., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Classen, L., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cordelli, M., Cosquer, A., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amico, A., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., De Sio, C., Di Capua, F., Di Palma, I., Diaz Garcia, A. F., Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Drury, L., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., Eichie, S., Van Eijk, D., El Bojaddaini, I., El Khayati, N., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhofer, A., Fassi, F., Favali, P., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippidis, C., Frascadore, G., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Galata, S., Garufi, F., Gay, P., Gebyehu, M., Giordano, V., Gizani, N., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Gregoire, T., Grella, G., Habel, R., Hallmann, S., Van Haren, H., Harissopulos, S., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Heine, E., Henry, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hevinga, M., Hofestadt, J., Hugon, C. M. F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., Jongen, M., De Jong, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Kappes, A., Katz, U. F., Keller, P., Kieft, G., Kiessling, D., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Leisos, A., Leonora, E., Clark, M. L., Liolios, A., Alvarez, C. D. L., Lo Presti, D., Lohner, H., Lonardo, A., Lotze, M., Loucatos, S., Maccioni, E., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Maris, O., Markou, C., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Mele, R., Melis, K. W., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Moussa, A., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Olcina, I., Olivetto, C., Orlando, A., Papaikonomou, A., Papaleo, R., Pavalas, G. E., Peek, H., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, C., Pfutzner, M., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Poma, G. E., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pratolongo, F., Puhlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Racca, C., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapidis, P., Razis, P., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rossi, C., Rovelli, A., Saldana, M., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D. F. E., Garcia, A. S., Losa, A. S., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schimmel, F., Schmelling, J., Sciacca, V., Sedita, M., Seitz, T., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Siotis, I., Sipala, V., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, G., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tezier, D., Theraube, S., Thompson, L., Timmer, P., Tonnis, C., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Vermeulen, J., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Volkert, M., Voulgaris, G., Wiggers, L., Wilms, J., De Wolf, E., Zachariadou, K., Zornoza, J. D., Zuniga, J., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, Adrián-Martínez, S., Barrios-Martí, J., Bondì, M., El Moursli, R. Cherkaoui, Coelho, J.A.B., Díaz García, A.F., Enzenhöfer, A., Fusco, L.A., Galatà, S., Grégoire, T., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hofestädt, J., Hugon, C.M.F., James, C.W., Katz, U.F., Kießling, D., Koffeman, E.N., Clark, M. Lindsey, Alvarez, C.D. Lloren, Löhner, H., Mariş, O., Martínez-Mora, J.A., Melis, K.W., Mollo, C.M., Nicolau, C.A., Pǎvǎlaş, G.E., Poma, G.E., Pühlhofer, G., Saldaña, M., Samtleben, D.F.E., García, A. Sánchez, Losa, A. Sánchez, Stellacci, S.M., Tézier, D., Tönnis, C., Zornoza, J.D., Zúñiga, J., Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Km3NeT Collaboration, Adrián Martínez, S., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Barrios Martí, J., DE ROSA, Gianfranca, DI CAPUA, Francesco, Díaz García, A. F., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Garufi, Fabio, Hernández Rey, J. J., Alvarez, C. D. Lloren, Martínez Mora, J. A., Mele, Rosa, Pǎvǎlaş, G. E., Vivolo, Daniele, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI), IoP (FNWI), Adrian-Martinez, S, Ageron, M, Aharonian, F, Aiello, S, Albert, A, Ameli, F, Anassontzis, E, Andre, M, Androulakis, G, Anghinolfi, M, Anton, G, Ardid, M, Avgitas, T, Barbarino, G, Barbarito, E, Baret, B, Barrios-Marti, J, Belhorma, B, Belias, A, Berbee, E, van den Berg, A, Bertin, V, Beurthey, S, van Beveren, V, Beverini, N, Biagi, S, Biagioni, A, Billault, M, Bondi, M, Bormuth, R, Bouhadef, B, Bourlis, G, Bourret, S, Boutonnet, C, Bouwhuis, M, Bozza, C, Bruijn, R, Brunner, J, Buis, E, Busto, J, Cacopardo, G, Caillat, L, Calamai, M, Calvo, D, Capone, A, Caramete, L, Cecchini, S, Celli, S, Champion, C, El Moursli, Rc, Cherubini, S, Chiarusi, T, Circella, M, Classen, L, Cocimano, R, Coelho, Jab, Coleiro, A, Colonges, S, Coniglione, R, Cordelli, M, Cosquer, A, Coyle, P, Creusot, A, Cuttone, G, D'Amico, A, De Bonis, G, De Rosa, G, De Sio, C, Di Capua, F, Di Palma, I, Garcia, Afd, Distefano, C, Donzaud, C, Dornic, D, Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q, Drakopoulou, E, Drouhin, D, Drury, L, Durocher, M, Eberl, T, Eichie, S, van Eijk, D, El Bojaddaini, I, El Khayati, N, Elsaesser, D, Enzenhofer, A, Fassi, F, Favali, P, Fermani, P, Ferrara, G, Filippidis, C, Frascadore, G, Fusco, La, Gal, T, Galata, S, Garufi, F, Gay, P, Gebyehu, M, Giordano, V, Gizani, N, Gracia, R, Graf, K, Gregoire, T, Grella, G, Habel, R, Hallmann, S, van Haren, H, Harissopulos, S, Heid, T, Heijboer, A, Heine, E, Henry, S, Hernandez-Rey, Jj, Hevinga, M, Hofestadt, J, Hugon, Cmf, Illuminati, G, James, Cw, Jansweijer, P, Jongen, M, de Jong, M, Kadler, M, Kalekin, O, Kappes, A, Katz, Uf, Keller, P, Kieft, G, Kiessling, D, Koffeman, En, Kooijman, P, Kouchner, A, Kulikovskiy, V, Lahmann, R, Lamare, P, Leisos, A, Leonora, E, Clark, Ml, Liolios, A, Alvarez, Cdl, Lo Presti, D, Lohner, H, Lonardo, A, Lotze, M, Loucatos, S, Maccioni, E, Mannheim, K, Margiotta, A, Marinelli, A, Maris, O, Markou, C, Martinez-Mora, Ja, Martini, A, Mele, R, Melis, Kw, Michael, T, Migliozzi, P, Migneco, E, Mijakowski, P, Miraglia, A, Mollo, Cm, Mongelli, M, Morganti, M, Moussa, A, Musico, P, Musumeci, M, Navas, S, Nicolau, Ca, Olcina, I, Olivetto, C, Orlando, A, Papaikonomou, A, Papaleo, R, Pavalas, Ge, Peek, H, Pellegrino, C, Perrina, C, Pfutzner, M, Piattelli, P, Pikounis, K, Poma, Ge, Popa, V, Pradier, T, Pratolongo, F, Puhlhofer, G, Pulvirenti, S, Quinn, L, Racca, C, Raffaelli, F, Randazzo, N, Rapidis, P, Razis, P, Real, D, Resvanis, L, Reubelt, J, Riccobene, G, Rossi, C, Rovelli, A, Saldana, M, Salvadori, I, Samtleben, Dfe, Garcia, A, Losa, A, Sanguineti, M, Santangelo, A, Santonocito, D, Sapienza, P, Schimmel, F, Schmelling, J, Sciacca, V, Sedita, M, Seitz, T, Sgura, I, Simeone, F, Siotis, I, Sipala, V, Spisso, B, Spurio, M, Stavropoulos, G, Steijger, J, Stellacci, Sm, Stransky, D, Taiuti, M, Tayalati, Y, Tezier, D, Theraube, S, Thompson, L, Timmer, P, Tonnis, C, Trasatti, L, Trovato, A, Tsirigotis, A, Tzamarias, S, Tzamariudaki, E, Vallage, B, Van Elewyck, V, Vermeulen, J, Vicini, P, Viola, S, Vivolo, D, Volkert, M, Voulgaris, G, Wiggers, L, Wilms, J, de Wolf, E, Zachariadou, K, Zornoza, Jd, and Zuniga, J

Subjects
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, Deep sea neutrino telescope, Física::Física de partícules [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Field of view, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, String (physics), KM3NeT, ARCA, ORCA, neutrino astronomy, neutrino astrophysics, neutrino mass hierarchy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Relativistic particle, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino physics, deep sea neutrino telescope, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, OPT - Optics, TS - Technical Sciences, Industrial Innovation, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 16. Peace & justice, COSMIC-RAYS, Neutrino mass hierarchy, Neutrino physics, Neutrino astronomy, Nano Technology, Neutrino, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, SUPER-KAMIOKANDE, MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hochenergie-Astrophysik Theorie - Abteilung Hofmann, FOS: Physical sciences, PARAMETRIC-RESONANCE, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Neutrins, 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Block (data storage), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, SIGNAL (programming language), neutrino physic, Astronomy, Galactic plane, Neutrino astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], FISICA APLICADA, ddc:520, ICECUBE DATA, ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS, GALACTIC-CENTER
Abstract

The authors would like to thank D Allard, A Esmaili, G Fogli, O Mena, K Murase, S Palomares Ruiz, E Parizot, S T Petcov, S Razzaque, D Semikoz, A Yu Smirnov, F L Villante, F Vissani and R Zukanovich Funchal for their support and valuable discussions and suggestions in preparing this Letter of Intent., The main objectives of the KM3NeT Collaboration are (i) the discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe and (ii) the determination of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos. These objectives are strongly motivated by two recent important discoveries, namely: (1) the highenergy astrophysical neutrino signal reported by IceCube and (2) the sizable contribution of electron neutrinos to the third neutrino mass eigenstate as reported by Daya Bay, Reno and others. To meet these objectives, the KM3NeT Collaboration plans to build a new Research Infrastructure consisting of a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. A phased and distributed implementation is pursued which maximises the access to regional funds, the availability of human resources and the synergistic opportunities for the Earth and sea sciences community. Three suitable deep-sea sites are selected, namely off-shore Toulon (France), Capo Passero (Sicily, Italy) and Pylos (Peloponnese, Greece). The infrastructure will consist of three so-called building blocks. A building block comprises 115 strings, each string comprises 18 optical modules and each optical module comprises 31 photo-multiplier tubes. Each building block thus constitutes a threedimensional array of photo sensors that can be used to detect the Cherenkov light produced by relativistic particles emerging from neutrino interactions. Two building blocks will be sparsely configured to fully explore the IceCube signal with similar instrumented volume, different methodology, improved resolution and complementary field of view, including the galactic plane. One building block will be densely configured to precisely measure atmospheric neutrino oscillations., The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), France; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell’Universitàe della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Agence de l’Oriental and CNRST, Morocco; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandseorganisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), The Netherlands; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Plan Estatal de Investigación (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolía programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain. The KM3NeT collaboration has received funding from the European Community Sixth Framework Programme under Contract 011937 and the Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 212525.

Published
2016
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36. The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector: KM3NeT Collaboration

Author

S. Adrián-Martínez, M. Ageron, F. Aharonian, S. Aiello, A. Albert, F. Ameli, E. G. Anassontzis, G. C. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, S. Anvar, M. Ardid, T. Avgitas, K. Balasi, H. Band, G. Barbarino, E. Barbarito, F. Barbato, B. Baret, S. Baron, J. Barrios, A. Belias, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, A. Berkien, V. Bertin, S. Beurthey, V. van Beveren, N. Beverini, S. Biagi, A. Biagioni, S. Bianucci, M. Billault, A. Birbas, H. Boer Rookhuizen, R. Bormuth, V. Bouché, B. Bouhadef, G. Bourlis, C. Boutonnet, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, G. Cacopardo, L. Caillat, M. Calamai, D. Calvo, A. Capone, L. Caramete, F. Caruso, S. Cecchini, A. Ceres, R. Cereseto, C. Champion, F. Château, T. Chiarusi, B. Christopoulou, M. Circella, L. Classen, R. Cocimano, A. Coleiro, S. Colonges, R. Coniglione, A. Cosquer, M. Costa, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, G. Cuttone, C. D’Amato, A. D’Amico, G. De Bonis, G. De Rosa, N. Deniskina, J.-J. Destelle, C. Distefano, F. Di Capua, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, Q. Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, E. Drakopoulou, D. Drouhin, L. Drury, D. Durand, T. Eberl, D. Elsaesser, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, L. A. Fusco, D. Gajanana, T. Gal, S. Galatà, F. Garufi, M. Gebyehu, V. Giordano, N. Gizani, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, R. Grasso, G. Grella, A. Grmek, R. Habel, H. van Haren, T. Heid, A. Heijboer, E. Heine, S. Henry, J. J. Hernández-Rey, B. Herold, M. A. Hevinga, M. van der Hoek, J. Hofestädt, J. Hogenbirk, C. Hugon, J. Hößl, M. Imbesi, C. W. James, P. Jansweijer, J. Jochum, M. de Jong, M. Jongen, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, A. Kappes, E. Kappos, U. Katz, O. Kavatsyuk, P. Keller, G. Kieft, E. Koffeman, H. Kok, P. Kooijman, J. Koopstra, A. Korporaal, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, P. Lamare, G. Larosa, D. Lattuada, H. Le Provost, K. P. Leismüller, A. Leisos, D. Lenis, E. Leonora, M. Lindsey Clark, C. D. Llorens Alvarez, H. Löhner, A. Lonardo, S. Loucatos, F. Louis, E. Maccioni, K. Mannheim, K. Manolopoulos, A. Margiotta, O. Mariş, C. Markou, J. A. Martínez-Mora, A. Martini, R. Masullo, K. W. Melis, T. Michael, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, A. Miraglia, C. M. Mollo, M. Mongelli, M. Morganti, S. Mos, Y. Moudden, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, C. Nicolaou, C. A. Nicolau, A. Orlando, A. Orzelli, A. Papaikonomou, R. Papaleo, G. E. Păvălaş, H. Peek, C. Pellegrino, M. G. Pellegriti, C. Perrina, P. Piattelli, K. Pikounis, V. Popa, Th. Pradier, M. Priede, G. Pühlhofer, S. Pulvirenti, C. Racca, F. Raffaelli, N. Randazzo, P. A. Rapidis, P. Razis, D. Real, L. Resvanis, J. Reubelt, G. Riccobene, A. Rovelli, M. Saldaña, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, A. Santangelo, P. Sapienza, J. Schmelling, J. Schnabel, V. Sciacca, M. Sedita, T. Seitz, I. Sgura, F. Simeone, V. Sipala, A. Spitaleri, M. Spurio, G. Stavropoulos, J. Steijger, T. Stolarczyk, D. Stransky, M. Taiuti, G. Terreni, D. Tézier, S. Théraube, L. F. Thompson, P. Timmer, L. Trasatti, A. Trovato, M. Tselengidou, A. Tsirigotis, S. Tzamarias, E. Tzamariudaki, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, J. Vermeulen, P. Vernin, P. Vicini, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, P. Werneke, L. Wiggers, J. Wilms, E. de Wolf, R. H. L. van Wooning, E. Zonca, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, A. Zwart, Adrian-Martinez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Androulakis, G. C., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Anvar, S., Ardid, M., Avgitas, T., Balasi, K., Band, H., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Baret, B., Baron, S., Barrios, J., Belias, A., Berbee, E., van den Berg, A. M., Berkien, A., Bertin, V., Beurthey, S., van Beveren, V., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Bianucci, S., Billault, M., Birbas, A., Boer Rookhuizen, H., Bormuth, R., Bouche, V., Bouhadef, B., Bourlis, G., Boutonnet, C., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calamai, M., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Caruso, F., Cecchini, S., Ceres, A., Cereseto, R., Champion, C., Chateau, F., Chiarusi, T., Christopoulou, B., Circella, M., Classen, L., Cocimano, R., Coleiro, A., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cosquer, A., Costa, M., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amico, A., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., Deniskina, N., Destelle, J. -J., Distefano, C., Di Capua, F., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Drury, L., Durand, D., Eberl, T., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhofer, A., Fermani, P., Fusco, L. A., Gajanana, D., Gal, T., Galata, S., Garufi, F., Gebyehu, M., Giordano, V., Gizani, N., Gracia Ruiz, R., Graf, K., Grasso, R., Grella, G., Grmek, A., Habel, R., van Haren, H., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Heine, E., Henry, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Herold, B., Hevinga, M. A., van der Hoek, M., Hofestadt, J., Hogenbirk, J., Hugon, C., Hossl, J., Imbesi, M., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., Jochum, J., de Jong, M., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Kappes, A., Kappos, E., Katz, U., Kavatsyuk, O., Keller, P., Kieft, G., Koffeman, E., Kok, H., Kooijman, P., Koopstra, J., Korporaal, A., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Larosa, G., Lattuada, D., Le Provost, H., Leismuller, K. P., Leisos, A., Lenis, D., Leonora, E., Lindsey Clark, M., Llorens Alvarez, C. D., Lohner, H., Lonardo, A., Loucatos, S., Louis, F., Maccioni, E., Mannheim, K., Manolopoulos, K., Margiotta, A., Maris, O., Markou, C., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Melis, K. W., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Mos, S., Moudden, Y., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolaou, C., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Orzelli, A., Papaikonomou, A., Papaleo, R., Pavalas, G. E., Peek, H., Pellegrino, C., Pellegriti, M. G., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Priede, M., Puhlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Racca, C., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapidis, P. A., Razis, P., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Saldana, M., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Sapienza, P., Schmelling, J., Schnabel, J., Sciacca, V., Sedita, M., Seitz, T., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Spitaleri, A., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, G., Steijger, J., Stolarczyk, T., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Tezier, D., Theraube, S., Thompson, L. F., Timmer, P., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Tselengidou, M., Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Vermeulen, J., Vernin, P., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Werneke, P., Wiggers, L., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., van Wooning, R. H. L., Zonca, E., Zornoza, J. D., Zuniga, J., Zwart, A., Adrián Martínez, S., Biagi, S, Bouché, V., Château, F., D’Amato, C., D’Amico, A., Destelle, J. J., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Enzenhöfer, A., Fusco, LUIGI ANTONIO, Galatà, S., Hernández Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Hößl, J., Leismüller, K. P., Löhner, H., Margiotta, Annarita, Mariş, O., Martínez Mora, J. A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, Carmelo, Pradier, T. h., Pühlhofer, G., Saldaña, M., Spurio, Maurizio, Tézier, D., Théraube, S., and Zúñiga, J.

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Monte Carlo method, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Optics, KM3NeT, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 14. Life underwater, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, business, Engineering (miscellaneous), Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope has been installed at 3500m depth 80 km offshore the Italian coast. KM3NeT in its final configuration will contain several hundreds of detection units. Each detection unit is a mechanical structure anchored to the sea floor, held vertical by a submerged buoy and supporting optical modules for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles emerging from neutrino interactions. This prototype string implements three optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each. These optical modules were developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to enhance the detection capability of neutrino interactions. The prototype detection unit was operated since its deployment in May 2014 until its decommissioning in July 2015. Reconstruction of the particle trajectories from the data requires a nanosecond accuracy in the time calibration. A procedure for relative time calibration of the photomultiplier tubes contained in each optical module is described. This procedure is based on the measured coincidences produced in the sea by the $$^{40}$$40K background light and can easily be expanded to a detector with several thousands of optical modules. The time offsets between the different optical modules are obtained using LED nanobeacons mounted inside them. A set of data corresponding to 600 h of livetime was analysed. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the expected optical background and the signal from atmospheric muons. An almost background-free sample of muons was selected by filtering the time correlated signals on all the three optical modules. The zenith angle of the selected muons was reconstructed with a precision of about 3$$^circ $$∘.

Published
2016

37. Standardization in fiber-optic sensing for structural safety: activities in the ISHMII and IEC

Author

Werner Daum, Wolfgang R. Habel, and Katerina Krebber

Subjects
Optical fiber, Structural safety, Standardization, Fiber optic sensor, Computer science, law, Systems engineering, International standardization, Reliability (statistics), law.invention
Abstract

Fiber-optic sensors are increasingly established in the sensor market. Their advantages have unquestionably been verified by numerous demonstrations to enhance the operational performance of aged structures or to monitor the structural behavior of safety-relevant structures or their components. However, there are some barriers in use due to a lack of extensive standardization of fiber-optic sensors. This leads very often to restraints in the user’s community. The paper shows the status in international standardization of fiber-optic sensors as well as current activities in leading institutions such as IEC and ISHMII and others with the purpose of providing relevant standards for a broader use of selected fiber-optic sensor technologies.

Published
2015
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38. How to reliably measure composite-embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors influenced by transverse and point-wise deformations?

Author

Werner Daum, Wolfgang R. Habel, and S Lebid

Subjects
Materials science, Tension (physics), business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Acoustics, Composite number, Deformation (meteorology), Signal, Vibration, Transverse plane, Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, Indentation, business, Instrumentation, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Embedded conventional fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with acrylate coating have been chosen for monitoring novel textile-reinforced composite materials with a complicated wavy structure as a result of reinforcing textures. Problems of monitoring this type of material occur due to the harsh fabrication technology of the composite and its complicated structure. Embedded fibre sensors are exposed to the influence of transverse and point-wise deformations. To what extent will these effects influence the measurement signal of a sensor? Temperature cycles, tension and vibration tests were carried out to answer this question. Transverse and point-wise deformation and micromechanical indentation tests on non-embedded FBG sensors were carried out to clarify the reliability of recorded signals.

Published
2004
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39. Measurement of the atmospheric muon flux with the NEMO Phase-1 detector

Author

A. Orlando, G. Raia, G. C. Barbarino, G. De Rosa, M. Cordelli, M. Imbesi, C.A. Nicolau, S. Russo, E. Falchini, R. De Vita, I. Amore, Mário Costa, Nicolo' Beverini, Enzo Gandolfi, Paolo Sapienza, L. Caponetto, Alberto Rovelli, G.V. Russo, L. Trasatti, G. Cacopardo, A. Martini, Federico M. Giorgi, G. De Bonis, S. Reito, M. Ruppi, Alessandro Lonardo, D. Lattuada, Sebastiano Aiello, M. Taiuti, S. Galatà, Alessandro Gabrielli, V. Pappalardo, R. Coniglione, S. Urso, Maurizio Spurio, M. Osipenko, Piero Vicini, M. Ripani, M. Circella, G. Ricco, D. Lo Presti, A. Grimaldi, Annarita Margiotta, Marco Brunoldi, A. Anzalone, D. Sciliberto, Valeria Sipala, E. Leonora, M. Bonori, B. Bouhadef, M. Anghinolfi, A. Marinelli, M. Sedita, R. Masullo, A. Bersani, Mario Musumeci, Nunzio Randazzo, Francesco Simeone, D. Piombo, G. De Ruvo, Riccardo Papaleo, M. Bazzotti, E. Migneco, V. Flaminio, R. Habel, Tommaso Chiarusi, A. D'Amico, K. Fratini, S. Minutoli, V. Kulikovsky, F. Lucarelli, G. Giacomelli, Paolo Musico, C. Distefano, M. Battaglieri, Rosanna Cocimano, C. De Marzo, Manuela Vecchi, S. Biagi, Gabriele Giovanetti, P. Piattelli, Fabrizio Ameli, G. Riccobene, E. Shirokov, M. Morganti, Ralf Wischnewski, Alessia Capone, G. Carminati, S. Aiello, F. Ameli, I. Amore, M. Anghinolfi, A. Anzalone, G. Barbarino, M. Battaglieri, M. Bazzotti, A. Bersani, N. Beverini, S. Biagi, M. Bonori, B. Bouhadef, M. Brunoldi, G. Cacopardo, A. Capone, L. Caponetto, G. Carminati, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, R. Coniglione, M. Cordelli, M. Costa, A. D’Amico, G. De Boni, C. De Marzo, G. De Rosa, G. De Ruvo, R. De Vita, C. Distefano, E. Falchini, V. Flaminio, K. Fratini, A. Gabrielli, S. Galata, E. Gandolfi, G. Giacomelli, F. Giorgi, G. Giovanetti, A. Grimaldi, R. Habel, M. Imbesi, V. Kulikovsky, D. Lattuada, E. Leonora, A. Lonardo, D. Lo Presti, F. Lucarelli, A. Marinelli, A. Margiotta, A. Martini, R. Masullo, E. Migneco, S. Minutoli, M. Morganti, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, C.A. Nicolau, A. Orlando, M. Osipenko, R. Papaleo, V. Pappalardo, P. Piattelli, D. Piombo, G. Raia, N. Randazzo, S. Reito, G. Ricco, G. Riccobene, M. Ripani, A. Rovelli, M. Ruppi, G.V. Russo, S. Russo, P. Sapienza, D. Sciliberto, M. Sedita, E. Shirokov, F. Simeone, V. Sipala, M. Spurio, M. Taiuti, L. Trasatti, S. Urso, M. Vecchi, P. Vicini, R. Wischnewski, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Longo, Giuseppe, Russo, Stefano, Osteria, Giuseppe, and S., Aiello

Subjects
MODULE, Photomultiplier, ANTARES NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, LINE, atmospheric muons, nemo, neutrino telescopes, Nuclear physics, Optics, Data acquisition, DESIGN, OCEAN, Calibration, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, Underwater, Junction box, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), DEEP-SEA, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), ANTARES NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, DEEP-SEA, DATA-ACQUISITION, PERFORMANCE, PROJECT, SYSTEM, LINE, DESIGN, MODULE, OCEAN, business.industry, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, DATA-ACQUISITION, COSMIC RAYS, PERFORMANCE, MUON FLUX, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, UNDERWATER DETECTOR, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, PROJECT, SYSTEM
Abstract

The NEMO Collaboration installed and operated an underwater detector including prototypes of the critical elements of a possible underwater km3 neutrino telescope: a four-floor tower (called Mini-Tower) and a Junction Box. The detector was developed to test some of the main systems of the km3 detector, including the data transmission, the power distribution, the timing calibration and the acoustic positioning systems as well as to verify the capabilities of a single tridimensional detection structure to reconstruct muon tracks. We present results of the analysis of the data collected with the NEMO Mini-Tower. The position of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) is determined through the acoustic position system. Signals detected with PMTs are used to reconstruct the tracks of atmospheric muons. The angular distribution of atmospheric muons was measured and results compared with Monte Carlo simulations., Astrop. Phys., accepted

Published
2010

40. Procedures and results of the measurements on large area photomultipliers for the NEMO project

Author

C. Sollima, E. Leonora, G. Carminati, M. Circella, Alberto Rovelli, F. Lucarelli, Piera Sapienza, M. Bazzotti, S. Minutoli, F. Raffaelli, V. Flaminio, Tommaso Chiarusi, M. Costa, Manuela Vecchi, Sebastiano Aiello, G. Giacomelli, Paolo Musico, G. DeBonis, Paolo Piattelli, G. Raia, Antonio Capone, Fabio Stefani, Antonio D'Amico, Maurizio Spurio, S. Russo, Mario Musumeci, G. Giovanetti, N. Randazzo, S. Galeotti, A. Orlando, V. Pappalardo, I. Amore, G. Cacopardo, Giorgio Riccobene, L. Caponetto, M. Battaglieri, E. Shirokov, Rosanna Cocimano, D. LoPresti, C. Calì, S. Reito, F. Maugeri, R. Coniglione, M. Cordelli, S. Urso, E. Barbarito, Alberto Aloisio, M. Ripani, G. C. Barbarino, Francesco Simeone, Valeria Sipala, M. Osipenko, A. Ceres, G. DeRosa, M. Imbesi, A. Grimaldi, D. Piombo, M. Anghinolfi, Nicolo' Beverini, Enzo Gandolfi, R. DeVita, Emilio Migneco, G. Ricco, A. Grmek, G.V. Russo, M. Mongelli, A. Martini, G. Terreni, M. Morganti, S. Biagi, Ralf Wischnewski, M. Ruppi, B. Bouhdaef, B. Cassano, D. Sciliberto, M. Bonori, Piero Vicini, F. Ameli, A. Bersani, A. Marinelli, M. Sedita, K. Fratini, M. Taiuti, R. Habel, C. Distefano, L. Trasatti, Federico M. Giorgi, A. Anzalone, Annarita Margiotta, Roberto Bellotti, R. Masullo, G. DeRuvo, Riccardo Papaleo, Alessandro Lonardo, Alessandro Gabrielli, S., Aiello, E., Leonora, Aloisio, Alberto, F., Ameli, I., Amore, M., Anghinolfi, A., Anzalone, Barbarino, Giancarlo, E., Barbarito, M., Battaglieri, M., Bazzotti, R., Bellotti, A., Bersani, N., Beverini, S., Biagi, M., Bonori, B., Bouhdaef, G., Cacopardo, C., Calı, A., Capone, L., Caponetto, G., Carminati, B., Cassano, A., Cere, T., Chiarusi, M., Circella, R., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, M., Cordelli, M., Costa, A., D’Amico, G., Deboni, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, G., Deruvo, R., Devita, C., Distefano, V., Flaminio, K., Fratini, A., Gabrielli, S., Galeotti, E., Gandolfi, G., Giacomelli, F., Giorgi, G., Giovanetti, A., Grimaldi, A., Grmek, R., Habel, M., Imbesi, A., Lonardo, D., Lopresti, F., Lucarelli, A., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martini, R., Masullo, F., Maugeri, E., Migneco, S., Minutoli, M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, P., Musico, M., Musumeci, A., Orlando, M., Osipenko, R., Papaleo, V., Pappalardo, P., Piattelli, D., Piombo, F., Raffaelli, G., Raia, N., Randazzo, S., Reito, G., Ricco, G., Riccobene, M., Ripani, A., Rovelli, M., Ruppi, G. V., Russo, S., Russo, P., Sapienza, M., Sedita, E., Shirokov, F., Simeone, D., Sciliberto, V., Sipala, C., Sollima, M., Spurio, F., Stefani, M., Taiuti, G., Terreni, L., Trasatti, S., Urso, M., Vecchi, P., Vicini, R., Wischnewski, DIP. DI FISICA, DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA E ASTRONOMIA 'AUGUSTO RIGHI', and Facolta' di SCIENZE MATEMATICHE FISICHE e NATURALI

Subjects
LARGE AREA PHOTO-DETECTOR, PHOTOMULTIPLIER, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, Pulsed laser, Physics, light detection, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, photomultiplier, Dark count rate, business.industry, Neutrino telescope, neutrino telescope, Large area photo-detector, large area photo-detector, Overall response rate, Optics, Underwater, Spurious relationship, business, Instrumentation, Voltage
Abstract

none 104 The selection of the photomultiplier plays a crucial role in the R&D activity related to a large-scale underwater neutrino telescope. This paper illustrates the main procedures and facilities used to characterize the performances of 72 large area photomultipliers, Hamamatsu model R7081 sel. The voltage to achieve a gain of 5×107, dark count rate and single photoelectron time and charge properties of the overall response were measured with a properly attenuated 410 nm pulsed laser. A dedicated study of the spurious pulses was also performed. The results prove that the photomultipliers comply with the general requirements imposed by the project. ISSN 0168-9002 doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.12.040 none S. AIELLO; A. ALOISIO; F. AMELI; I.AMORE; M. ANGHINOLFI; A. ANZALONE; G. BARBARINO; E. BARBARITO; M.BATTAGLIERI; M.BAZZOTTI; R. BELLOTTI; A. BERSANI; N. BEVERINI; S. BIAGI; M. BONORI; B. BOUHDAEF; M. BRESCIA; G. CACOPARDO; C. CALÌ; A. CAPONE; L. CAPONETTO; G. CARMINATI; B. CASSANO; E. CASTORINA; A. CERES; T. CHIARUSI; M. CIRCELLA; R. COCIMANO; R. CONIGLIONE; M. CORDELLI; M. COSTA; A. DAMICO; C. DAMATO; V. DAMATO; G. DE BONIS; G. DE ROSA; G. DE RUVO; R. DE VITA; C. DISTEFANO; E. FALCHINI; V. FLAMINIO; K. FRATINI; GABRIELLI A; S. GALEOTTI; E. GANDOLFI; G. GIACOMELLI; F. GIORGI; G. GIOVANETTI; A. GRIMALDI; A. GRMEK; R. HABEL; E. LEONORA; A. LONARDO; G. LONGO; D. LO PRESTI; F. LUCARELLI; L. MACCIONE; A. MARGIOTTA; A. MARTINI; R. MASULLO; F. MAUGERI; R. MEGNA; E. MIGNECO; S. MINUTOLI; M. MONGELLI; T. MONTARULI; M. MORGANTI; P. MUSICO; M. MUSUMECI; C.A. NICOLAU; A. ORLANDO; M. OSIPENKO; G. OSTERIA; R. PAPALEO; V. PAPPALARDO; C. PETTA; P. PIATTELLI; D. PIOMBO; G. RAIA; N. RANDAZZO; S. REITO; G. RICCO; G. RICCOBENE; M. RIPANI; A. ROVELLI; M. RUPPI; G.V. RUSSO; S. RUSSO; P. SAPIENZA; M. SEDITA; E. SHIROKOV; F. SIMEONE; V. SIPALA; C. SOLLIMA; F. SPEZIALE; M. SPURIO; M. TAIUTI; G. TERRENI; L. TRASATTI; S. URSO; V. VALENTE; M. VECCHI; P. VICINI; R. WISCHNEWSKI S. AIELLO; A. ALOISIO; F. AMELI; I.AMORE; M. ANGHINOLFI; A. ANZALONE; G. BARBARINO; E. BARBARITO; M.BATTAGLIERI; M.BAZZOTTI; R. BELLOTTI; A. BERSANI; N. BEVERINI; S. BIAGI; M. BONORI; B. BOUHDAEF; M. BRESCIA; G. CACOPARDO; C. CALÌ; A. CAPONE; L. CAPONETTO; G. CARMINATI; B. CASSANO; E. CASTORINA; A. CERES; T. CHIARUSI; M. CIRCELLA; R. COCIMANO; R. CONIGLIONE; M. CORDELLI; M. COSTA; A. DAMICO; C. DAMATO; V. DAMATO; G. DE BONIS; G. DE ROSA; G. DE RUVO; R. DE VITA; C. DISTEFANO; E. FALCHINI; V. FLAMINIO; K. FRATINI; GABRIELLI A; S. GALEOTTI; E. GANDOLFI; G. GIACOMELLI; F. GIORGI; G. GIOVANETTI; A. GRIMALDI; A. GRMEK; R. HABEL; E. LEONORA; A. LONARDO; G. LONGO; D. LO PRESTI; F. LUCARELLI; L. MACCIONE; A. MARGIOTTA; A. MARTINI; R. MASULLO; F. MAUGERI; R. MEGNA; E. MIGNECO; S. MINUTOLI; M. MONGELLI; T. MONTARULI; M. MORGANTI; P. MUSICO; M. MUSUMECI; C.A. NICOLAU; A. ORLANDO; M. OSIPENKO; G. OSTERIA; R. PAPALEO; V. PAPPALARDO; C. PETTA; P. PIATTELLI; D. PIOMBO; G. RAIA; N. RANDAZZO; S. REITO; G. RICCO; G. RICCOBENE; M. RIPANI; A. ROVELLI; M. RUPPI; G.V. RUSSO; S. RUSSO; P. SAPIENZA; M. SEDITA; E. SHIROKOV; F. SIMEONE; V. SIPALA; C. SOLLIMA; F. SPEZIALE; M. SPURIO; M. TAIUTI; G. TERRENI; L. TRASATTI; S. URSO; V. VALENTE; M. VECCHI; P. VICINI; R. WISCHNEWSKI

Published
2010

41. Review: optical fiber sensors for civil engineering applications

Author

Kai Tai Wan, Zhi Zhou, Masoud Ghandehari, Xiaoyi Bao, Michio Imai, Jinping Ou, Daniele Inaudi, Christopher K.Y. Leung, Wolfgang R. Habel, and Hwai Chung Wu

Subjects
Engineering, Optical fiber, Monitoring, Frequency domain reflectometry, Civil engineering, Field (computer science), law.invention, Fiber Bragg grating, law, Electronic engineering, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Optical fiber sensors, Distributed sensor, Building and Construction, Time domain reflectometry, Pipeline transport, Light intensity, Interferometry, Construction industry, Mechanics of Materials, Fiber optic sensor, business
Abstract

Optical fiber sensor (OFS) technologies have developed rapidly over the last few decades, and various types of OFS have found practical applications in the field of civil engineering. In this paper, which is resulting from the work of the RILEM technical committee “Optical fiber sensors for civil engineering applications”, different kinds of sensing techniques, including change of light intensity, interferometry, fiber Bragg grating, adsorption measurement and distributed sensing, are briefly reviewed to introduce the basic sensing principles. Then, the applications of OFS in highway structures, building structures, geotechnical structures, pipelines as well as cables monitoring are described, with focus on sensor design, installation technique and sensor performance. It is believed that the State-of-the-Art review is helpful to engineers considering the use of OFS in their projects, and can facilitate the wider application of OFS technologies in construction industry.

Published
2015

42. Untersuchungen an textilbewehrtem Beton

Author

Norbert Will, Wolfgang R. Habel, Toivo Gutmann, Detlef Hofmann, Josef Hegger, Matthias Molter, and Frank Basedau

Subjects
Cement, Protein filament, Materials science, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, macromolecular substances, Slip (materials science), Composite material, Internal bond, Strain gauge, Textile-reinforced concrete
Abstract

The bond behaviour of textiles embedded in concrete and consisting of multi filament yarns (rovings) differs from that of homogenous materials, such as steel. Test results published in literature as well as own investigations revealed that, for textile reinforced concrete, it has to be distinguished between external and internal bond of the fibres (filaments). The outer filaments which have contact to the cement matrix show a good bonding performance. In contrast to this, the inner filaments (core filaments) of a roving transfer forces only by friction, from which a less bonding to the surrounding matrix follows. In order to confirm such a bonding model, strain and slip measurements at single filaments are necessary in pull-out-samples. However, such measurements are not possible with in structural engineering usually used strain gages. Therefore, strain portions of outer and inner filaments as well as in the cement matrix of selected samples are measured by using flexible Fabry-Perot fibre interferometer sensors.

Published
2002
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44. Research activities to push standardization of fibre optic strain sensors

Author

Franziska Mewis, Wolfgang R. Habel, Vivien Schukar, and Frank Basedau

Subjects
Chemical process, Optical fiber, Materials science, Standardization, business.industry, law, Electrical engineering, ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, Strain sensor, business, Automotive engineering, Reliability (statistics), law.invention
Abstract

Performance description of fiber-optic sensor products is mostly well done; however, the performance of sensors when applied in rather harsh environment is different from those determined in laboratory before installation. Performance of applied sensors is difficult to define. Standardized procedures for evaluation of the sensor performance after application or integration into materials are necessary. The difficulty to evaluate on-site the mechanical behavior or physical and chemical processes in the sensing zone of strain sensors is described for sensors installed in offshore environment. The paper refers on current standardization activities and corresponding research activities to develop guidelines for application and integration.

Published
2014
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45. Improved fibre optic acoustic sensors for partial discharge in elastomeric insulations

Author

Chaiyaporn Lothongkam, Gerd Heidmann, Wolfgang R. Habel, Philipp Rohwetter, and Daniel Pepper

Subjects
Stress (mechanics), Optical fiber, Materials science, Acoustic emission, law, Acoustics, Partial discharge, High voltage, Ultrasonic sensor, Dielectric, Composite material, Elastomer, law.invention
Abstract

Partial discharge in elastomeric high voltage insulations is a major reason for device failure. The special challenges of the high voltage environment limit the use of conventional acoustic emission sensors. Fibre-optic sensors can cope with these challenges thanks to their optical sensing principle and the use of all-dielectric materials. In this contribution, improvements to a previously introduced design of ultrasonic fibre-optic acoustic partial discharge sensors for elastomeric insulations are presented. The improved performance of fibre-optic acoustic sensors in detecting AC partial discharge is demonstrated. Furthermore, their ability to detect low-level damage processes in elastomeric insulation under DC dielectric stress is shown to outperform the highly sensitive electrical detection method.

Published
2014
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46. Dielectric strength behavior and mechanical properties of transparent silicone rubbers for HV cable accessories

Author

Wolfgang R. Habel, Philipp Rohwetter, Chaiyaporn Lothongkam, and Ernst Gockenbach

Subjects
Materials science, Dielectric strength, Optical transmittance, Silicone rubber, Stress (mechanics), chemistry.chemical_compound, Silicone, Natural rubber, chemistry, visual_art, Partial discharge, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composite material, Elongation
Abstract

Modern optical partial discharge (PD) detection system based on fiber-optic sensors for PD on-line health monitoring in high-voltage (HV) cable terminations necessarily requires optically transparent or translucent insulation materials. The optically compatible silicone rubbers are the key to facilitate such innovative technology. In this work, AC 50 Hz dielectric strength E b and mechanical properties of three types of commercially available silicone rubbers have been investigated. The investigations revealed that the translucent silicone rubber has a good mechanical performance but its E b value is considered too low. However it is sufficiently good for use as base material for rubber stress cones. Unfortunately, its optical transmittance is poor compared to optically clear transparent silicones. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of transparent silicone rubbers do not comply with those demanded from push-on stress cones. In particular, their elongation at break is considered too low for that application. However they provide the E b values of about 28 kV/mm to 29 kV/mm at 0.5 mm thickness, which are higher than those of the translucent type. Moreover, it was found that the post-curing process does not provide a positive impact on the ultimate elongation of silicone rubbers.

Published
2014
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47. PORFIDO on the NEMO phase 2 and KM3 phase 1 towers

Author

O. Ciaffoni, M. Cordelli, R. Habel, A. Martini, and L. Trasatti

Abstract

PORFIDO (Physical Oceanography by RFID Outreach) is an underwater measurement system designed to gather oceanographic data from the Optical Modules of a neutrino telescope with a minimum of disturbance to the main installation. PORFIDO is composed of a sensor glued to the outside of an Optical Module, in contact with seawater, and of a Reader placed inside the sphere, facing the sensor. Data are transmitted to the reader through the glass by RFID and to shore in real time for periods of years. The sensor gathers power from the radio frequency, thus eliminating the need for batteries or connectors through the glass. We have deployed four PORFIDO probes measuring temperatures with the NEMO Phase 2 tower in march 2013. After more than one year all probes are operative and are transmitting temperature data from 3500 m depth. In the fall of 2014 we will deploy with the first KM3 Phase 1 towers an improved version of PORFIDO with a resolution of 0.5E-3 °C.

Published
2014
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48. Recent achievements of the NEMO project

Author

Paolo Piattelli, S. Minutoli, E. Falchini, Alessandro Lonardo, G. Ricco, M. Morganti, M. Taiuti, R. De Vita, A. Capone, Manuela Vecchi, Sebastiano Aiello, Rosanna Cocimano, C. Calì, Ralf Wischnewski, F. Speziale, P. Sapienza, G. Raia, E. Castorina, S. Russo, G. De Rosa, P. Musico, Filippo Maria Giorgi, A. Orlando, M. Cordelli, Mario Musumeci, N. Randazzo, G. Giacomelli, V. D'Amato, E. Leonora, C. Sollima, A. Ceres, L. Caponetto, Antonio D'Amico, S. Biagi, G. Cacopardo, R. Masullo, B. Bouhdaef, B. Cassano, S. Galeotti, C. Distefano, V. Pappalardo, Giuseppe Longo, Alberto Rovelli, M. Osipenko, M. Ripani, E. Barbarito, E. Shirokov, A. Aloisio, C. D'Amato, R. Habel, A. Martini, A. Grimaldi, Giorgio Riccobene, M. Battaglieri, M. Ruppi, Massimo Brescia, G. C. Barbarino, M. Circella, V. Valente, Piero Vicini, Francesco Simeone, Maurizio Spurio, Riccardo Papaleo, G. Carminati, G. De Bonis, A. Anzalone, G. Giovanetti, Teresa Montaruli, Rosario Megna, A. Grmek, G. Terreni, Valeria Sipala, I. Amore, R. Coniglione, M. Bonori, F. Lucarelli, Roberto Bellotti, A. Bersani, G. Osteria, D. Piombo, L. Maccione, G. De Ruvo, M. Sedita, D. Lo Presti, K. Fratini, V. Flaminio, Alessandro Gabrielli, M. Costa, C. Petta, Annarita Margiotta, L. Trasatti, Tommaso Chiarusi, S. Reito, S. Urso, F. Ameli, G.V. Russo, M. Bazzotti, F. Maugeri, C.A. Nicolau, Nicolo' Beverini, Enzo Gandolfi, Emilio Migneco, M. Anghinolfi, M. Mongelli, E. MIGNECO, S. AIELLO, A. ALOISIO, F. AMELI, I.AMORE, M. ANGHINOLFI, A. ANZALONE, G. BARBARINO, E. BARBARITO, M.BATTAGLIERI, M.BAZZOTTI, R. BELLOTTI, A. BERSANI, N. BEVERINI, S. BIAGI, M. BONORI, B. BOUHDAEF, M. BRESCIA, G. CACOPARDO, C. CALÌ, A. CAPONE, L. CAPONETTO, G. CARMINATI, B. CASSANO, E. CASTORINA, A. CERES, T. CHIARUSI, M. CIRCELLA, R. COCIMANO, R. CONIGLIONE, M. CORDELLI, M. COSTA, A. DAMICO, C. DAMATO, V. DAMATO, G. DE BONIS, G. DE ROSA, G. DE RUVO, R. DE VITA, C. DISTEFANO, E. FALCHINI, V. FLAMINIO, K. FRATINI, GABRIELLI A, S. GALEOTTI, E. GANDOLFI, G. GIACOMELLI, F. GIORGI, G. GIOVANETTI, A. GRIMALDI, A. GRMEK, R. HABEL, E. LEONORA, A. LONARDO, G. LONGO, D. LO PRESTI, F. LUCARELLI, L. MACCIONE, A. MARGIOTTA, A. MARTINI, R. MASULLO, F. MAUGERI, R. MEGNA, S. MINUTOLI, M. MONGELLI, T. MONTARULI, M. MORGANTI, P. MUSICO, M. MUSUMECI, C.A. NICOLAU, A. ORLANDO, M. OSIPENKO, G. OSTERIA, R. PAPALEO, V. PAPPALARDO, C. PETTA, P. PIATTELLI, D. PIOMBO, G. RAIA, N. RANDAZZO, S. REITO, G. RICCO, G. RICCOBENE, M. RIPANI, A. ROVELLI, M. RUPPI, G.V. RUSSO, S. RUSSO, P. SAPIENZA, M. SEDITA, E. SHIROKOV, F. SIMEONE, V. SIPALA, C. SOLLIMA, F. SPEZIALE, M. SPURIO, M. TAIUTI, G. TERRENI, L. TRASATTI, S. URSO, V. VALENTE, M. VECCHI, P. VICINI, R. WISCHNEWSKI, Migneco, E., Aiello, S., Aloisio, A., Ameli, F., Amore, I., Anghinolfi, M., Anzalone, A., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Battaglieri, M., Bazzotti, M., Bellotti, R., Bersani, A., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Bonori, M., Bouhdaef, B., Brescia, M., Cacopardo, G., Calì, C., Capone, A., Caponetto, L., Carminati, G., Cassano, B., Castorina, E., Ceres, A., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, R., Cordelli, M., Costa, M., D'Amico, A., D'Amato, C., D'Amato, V., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., De Ruvo, G., De Vita, R., Distefano, C., Falchini, E., Flaminio, V., Fratini, K., Gabrielli, A., Galeotti, S., Gandolfi, E., Giacomelli, G., Giorgi, F., Giovanetti, G., Grimaldi, A., Grmek, A., Habel, R., Leonora, E., Lonardo, A., Longo, G., Lo Presti, D., Lucarelli, F., Maccione, L., Margiotta, A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Maugeri, F., Megna, R., Minutoli, S., Mongelli, M., Montaruli, T., Morganti, M., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Osipenko, M., Osteria, G., Papaleo, R., Pappalardo, V., Petta, C., Piattelli, P., Piombo, D., Raia, G., Randazzo, N., Reito, S., Ricco, G., Riccobene, G., Ripani, M., Rovelli, A., Ruppi, M., Russo, G. V., Russo, S., Sapienza, P., Sedita, M., Shirokov, E., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Sollima, C., Speziale, F., Spurio, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trasatti, L., Urso, S., Valente, V., Vecchi, M., Vicini, P., Wischnewski, R., E., Migneco, S., Aiello, Aloisio, Alberto, F., Ameli, I., Amore, Barbarino, Giancarlo, and DE ROSA, Gianfranca

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, TRANSMISSION, 95.85.Ry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, cosmic ray detector, Neutrino telescope, POWER, Underwater Cherenkov Neutrino Telescope, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, 95.55.Vj, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, Instrumentation, DEEP-SEA, UNDERWATER CHERENKOV NEUTRINO TELESCOPES, Physics, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, DEEP-SEA, TRANSMISSION, PERFORMANCE, POWER, Test site, Detector, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particle, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particle detector, PERFORMANCE, Neutrino detector, Systems engineering, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Realization (systems)
Abstract

The status of the activities towards the realization of a km3 Cherenkov neutrino detector carried out by the NEMO Collaboration is described. The realization of a Phase-1 project, which is under way, will validate the proposed technologies for the realization of the km3 detector on a Test Site at 2000 m depth. The realization of a new infrastructure on the candidate site (Phase-2 project) will provide the possibility to test detector components at 3500 m depth.

Published
2008

49. Optimization of the adhesion of fiber-optic strain sensors embedded in cement matrices; a study into long-term fiber strength

Author

Wolfgang R. Habel and Alexander Bismarck

Subjects
Cement, Optical fiber, Materials science, law, Fiber optic sensor, Bond strength, Indentation, General Engineering, Adhesion, Fiber, Composite material, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, law.invention
Abstract

Fiber-optic strain sensors to be used in materials research and for long-term monitoring the state of chemically stressed concrete, e. g. sewer pipes, cooling towers, have to be intimately embedded in cement matrices. They should be coated with very thin alkaline-resistant coatings. This is necessary to achieve a reliable strain transfer from the matrix to the fiber sensor. In order to clarify possible ways to replace thick coatings, which are unstable in cement environment, optical fibers have been modified and investigated with regard to their chemical compatibility, their strength behavior after alkaline attacks and their adhesion behavior to the matrix. The surface state of differently treated optical fibers intended for embedding has been characterized; additional strength estimation of alkaline attacked fibers was carried out. All estimations have been compared with those of bare alkaline attacked fibers. The real adhesion behavior was determined using the fiber push-in test technique (indentation). Recent results suggest that fibers coated with very thin organic layers have remarkable adhesion properties. However, the fiber strength after exposing to alkaline pore solution (pH = 13.9) is worse than that of bare fibers. Optimum fiber/cement bond strength showed fibers, which were coated with a crosslinked polymer, produced in gas plasma.

Published
2000
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50. Sensitivity of an underwater Čerenkov km3 telescope to TeV neutrinos from Galactic microquasars

Author

A. Anzalone, B. Bouhadef, R. Masullo, R. Habel, C. Distefano, Mario Musumeci, N. Randazzo, V. Valente, Riccardo Papaleo, I. Amore, V. Pappalardo, M. Taiuti, Mário Costa, A. D'Amico, A. Orlando, F. Lucarelli, C. Petta, M. Ambriola, M. Ruppi, G. De Bonis, Roberto Bellotti, M. Mongelli, G. C. Barbarino, S. Reito, Piero Vicini, M. Anghinolfi, R. De Vita, S. Cuneo, R. Coniglione, S. Urso, P. Piattelli, V. Flaminio, Annarita Margiotta, Teresa Montaruli, M. Circella, E. Migneco, Giuseppe Longo, S. Galeotti, S. Russo, M. Bonori, Massimo Brescia, M. Morganti, D. Lo Presti, M. Sedita, M. Osipenko, G. Osteria, Alessandro Lonardo, G. Ricco, G. Riccobene, E. Shirokov, Enrico Maccioni, Alessandro Gabrielli, L. Caponetto, Rosario Megna, L. Trasatti, Valeria Sipala, Sebastiano Aiello, K. Fratini, Tommaso Chiarusi, A. Grimaldi, E. Falchini, G. Cacopardo, Filippo Maria Giorgi, F. Ameli, Alberto Rovelli, F. Cafagna, Paolo Sapienza, M. Ripani, M. Battaglieri, C. De Marzo, E. Leonora, G. Terreni, Antonio Capone, Rosanna Cocimano, Maurizio Spurio, E. Castorina, G. Giacomelli, E. Barbarito, G. Raia, Francesco Simeone, G. De Rosa, C. Fiorello, M. Cordelli, A. Ceres, A. Martini, G.V. Russo, C.A. Nicolau, Nicolo' Beverini, Enzo Gandolfi, Aiello, S., Ambriola, M., Ameli, F., Amore, I., Anghinolfi, M., Anzalone, A., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Barbarito, E., Battaglieri, M., Bellotti, R., Beverini, N., Bonori, M., Bouhadef, B., Brescia, M., Cacopardo, G., Cafagna, F., Capone, A., Caponetto, L., Castorina, E., Ceres, A., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, R., Cordelli, M., Costa, M., Cuneo, S., D’Amico, A., De Bonis, G., De Marzo, C., DE ROSA, Gianfranca, De Vita, R., Distefano, C., Falchini, E., Fiorello, C., Flaminio, V., Fratini, K., Gabrielli, A., Galeotti, S., Gandolfi, E., Giacomelli, G., Giorgi, F., Grimaldi, A., Habel, R., Leonora, E., Lonardo, A., Longo, Giuseppe, Lo Presti, D., Lucarelli, F., Maccioni, E., Margiotta, A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Megna, R., Migneco, E., Mongelli, M., Montaruli, T., Morganti, M., Musumeci, M., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Osipenko, M., Osteria, G., Papaleo, R., Pappalardo, V., Petta, C., Piattelli, P., Raia, G., Randazzo, N., Reito, S., Ricco, G., Riccobene, G., Ripani, M., Rovelli, A., Ruppi, M., Russo, G. V., Russo, S., Sapienza, P., Sedita, M., Shirokov, E., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Spurio, M., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trasatti, L., Urso, S., Valente, V., Vicini, P., S. Aiello, M. Ambriola, F. Ameli, I. Amore, M. Anghinolfi, A. Anzalone, G. Barbarino, E. Barbarito, M. Battaglieri, R. Bellotti, N. Beverini, M. Bonori, B. Bouhadef, M. Brescia, G. Cacopardo, F. Cafagna, A. Capone, L. Caponetto, E. Castorina, A. Cere, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, R. Coniglione, M. Cordelli, M. Costa, S. Cuneo, A. D'Amico, G. De Boni, C. De Marzo, G. De Rosa, R. De Vita, C. Distefano, E. Falchini, C. Fiorello, V. Flaminio, K. Fratini, A. Gabrielli, S. Galeotti, E. Gandolfi, G. Giacomelli, F. Giorgi, A. Grimaldi, R. Habel, A. Lonardo, G. Longo, D. Lo Presti, F. Lucarelli, E. Maccioni, A. Margiotta, A. Martini, R. Masullo, R. Megna, E. Migneco, M. Mongelli, T. Montaruli, M. Morganti, M. Musumeci, C.A. Nicolau, A. Orlando, M. Osipenko, G. Osteria, R. Papaleo, V. Pappalardo, C. Petta, P. Piattelli, G. Raia, N. Randazzo, S. Reito, G. Ricco, G. Riccobene, M. Ripani, A. Rovelli, M. Ruppi, G.V. Russo, M. Russo, P. Sapienza, M. Sedita, E. Shirokov, F. Simeone, V. Sipala, M. Spurio, M. Taiuti, G. Terreni, L. Trasatti, S. Urso, V. Valente, P. Vicini, Barbarino, G., D'Amico, A., De Rosa, G., and Longo, G.

Subjects
FLUX, 95.85.Ry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, cosmic ray detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, NEUTRINO TELESCOPES, NEMO, law, 95.55.Vj, 96.40.Tv, Sensitivity (control systems), GAMMA-RAY, ANTARES, EMISSION, FLUX, SEA, cosmic ray, Physics, Muon, ANTARES, SEA, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particle, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particle detector, Astronomy, MICROQUASARS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, GAMMA-RAY, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, EMISSION
Abstract

In this paper are presented the results of Monte Carlo simulations on the capability of the proposed NEMO-km$^3$ telescope to detect TeV muon neutrinos from Galactic microquasars. For each known microquasar we compute the number of detectable events, together with the atmospheric neutrino and muon background events. We also discuss the detector sensitivity to neutrino fluxes expected from known microquasars, optimizing the event selection also to reject the background; the number of events surviving the event selection are given. The best candidates are the steady microquasars SS433 and GX339-4 for which we estimate a sensitivity of about $5\cdot10^{-11}$ erg/cm$^2$ s; the predicted fluxes are expected to be well above this sensitivity. For bursting microquasars the most interesting candidates are Cygnus X-3, GRO J1655-40 and XTE J1118+480: their analyses are more complicated because of the stochastic nature of the bursts., 20 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Astroparticle Physics

Published
2007

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