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In this work, three poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) hosted solid polymer electrolyte systems were prepared by a solution cast technique. A fixed amount of PMMA and nano Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) were implemented as ceramic filler and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) as dopant salt. The study was carried out using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The integrating 20 wt% of Propylene carbonate (PC) into PMMA enhanced the ionic conductivity with another addition of 5 wt% of LiPF6, the ionic conductivity is increased to from 1.94 × 10–11 Scm−1 to 2.97 × 10–09 Scm−1. This has inferred the enhancement of charge carrier density in the polymer electrolyte. A further addition of ceramic fillers with 10 wt% of ZrO2, boosted the ionic conductivity to 9.45 × 10–11 Scm−1 and 4.44 × 10–9 Scm−1, respectively. The SEM images showed the formation of three-dimensional networks with dispersion of ceramic fillers. It can be concluded that appropriate amount of lithium salt (5 wt% of LiPF6) and ceramic filler (10 wt% of ZrO2) enhances the ionic conductivity of the PMMA-based solid polymer electrolyte. The electrical conductivity of PMMA-LiPF6 polymer blend with different concentrations of ZrO2 as a nano filler has been studied. The polymer blend electrolyte was prepared in the form of thin films using solution casting technique. The blend was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Billing is a big process for gas booking, electricity, water etc. getting by meter reading. Most of the problems are due to manual calculation. To overcome this process of manual calculation we are building a automated system by using Arduino and GSM module. This paper is based on automatic billing by consumer by seeing the SMS. Customer will get the amount of unit consumed and get amount to be paid. Using the link they can pay their electricity bill. The proposed system is not secure. They do not provide proper calculation. By using this automatic billing system we given the list data of how much power consumed by consumers and when they consumed and tariff of each data. Using these bills the utilities can set their target on energy consumption. This project as a unique function of stopping power supply for the customer who didn’t pay their due tariff within time. Remote controlling energy meter is possible. This project make customer to be free over issues like bill date, due date, power fluctuation by the automatic data collection and remainder option also available in this system, which is directly sent to the customer registered mobile number as a text message. Ultimately this will create big change in consumer behavior towards a consumption power patterns.

Deep Learning has advanced to a greater level in the field of Artificial Intelligence in recent years, and it is currently employed globally. This aids the system in improving its accuracy. Deep Learning algorithms have made image classification considerably more viable, allowing us to analyse large datasets. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks are used in the majority of image classification nowadays. In this paper, Image Classification is performed using the VGG16, ResNet18, ResNet50, GoogleNet, MobileNet, AlexNet in Best Artworks of All Time Dataset which is taken from the Kaggle and the best model for training the dataset is choosen. This Dataset is the collection of the 8355 high resolution portraits which is in form of the RGB Images. After experimentation it is found that, in the Best Artworks of all Time data the ResNet50 achieved better accuracy of 87.15% and loss of 0.0015% among all other trained Deep Networks.

The state of trauma continues to be a contentious issue and inevitably causes a concern in the sense it disrupts the routine life of an individual. The increasing cases of trauma in recent times owing to a number of reasons become even more serious and can further hamper the life. It invites measures to quickly recognize the state and serve as a diagnostic platform where remedies can be initiated. So this paper has been done in motivation of identifying the trauma patients using the FFNN, RNN and ANFIS.

Blockchain is getting expanding consideration from academy and industry, since it is viewed as an achievement innovation that could bring advantages to a wide range of divisions. Insurance is one of the sectors that started to investigate the possibilities of blockchain. It can be utilized over the protection esteem bind because of its capacity to offer longvital advantages, for example, lower operational expenses as decreased duplication of procedures, diminished counter party dangers, expanded robotization of procedures, and secure and decentralized exchanges. Medical coverage: A blockchain that interfaces clinics, doctors, lab merchants and safety net providers could empower a consistent stream of well being data for improved endorsing and approving of cases. The protection business is vigorously reliant on numerous procedures between executing parties for starting, keeping up and shutting differing sort of arrangements. The major concerns involved in executing the claims are the time involved for processing and settlement and also security. The objective of our paper is to develop a blockchain based on health insurance claim processing system which will help insurance companies build a secure network which is free from tampering. It also aims to build the structure of an effective methodology for handling protection relevant exchanges dependent on a blockchain-empowered stage.

Plastic bags have been introduced in the middle of 19th decade and it's received a huge popularity amongst the consumers and retailers. Around the world, numerous plastic plants are manufacturing tons of plastic bags which are very commonly used by the society because of its comfort, cheapness and handiness. But the adverse impact of plastic is certainly not highlighted or not openly debated in a serious tone. The negative impact of the plastic in the environment made many counties to ban it due to public concern. Specifically, in Agri dominant countries, such as Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, South Africa, etc., the government has taking stringent efforts towards the prevention of single ended plastic. Since, plastic bags are not bio-degradable, the only way to get rid of them is to burn up which discharges the toxic fumes into atmosphere. Dumping of plastics at the soil will also results in degradation of soil quality and makes it as an unfit to the agriculture. The domestic animals will take the plastic papers as food which will lead to their death. An ultimate solution to the above said problem is the replacement of paper bags, in the place of plastic bags. The cost, ease, availability and load carrying capacity are the main factors restricting the use of paper bags among the public. Only Few manufactures are available in the field and due to the cost of machineries, complexity of production, availability of raw materials, man power and electricity demand results in higher cost which becomes as a barrier among the common man in the adoption of paper bags. In this paper, a cost effective, portable, solar powered paper-bag making machine is proposed to produce paper-bags. The proposed design will minimize the usage of plastic bags and assist in the motto of a clean and safe society. The machine is capable of handling different sizes and textures of the paper. It also has the provision to control the speed of production and monitor the quality of the output. The bags are tested for standard conditions and were found to have enough strength to replace 20-micron plastic bags.

A healthy retina is required for proper vision but it is difficult to identify the retinal diseases in the first stage. Several retinal diseases affect the eye such as retinal tear, detachment of retina, glaucoma, macular hole and macular degeneration etc. Since most of these diseases have an effect on the blood vessels within the eye, analyzing the structure and variation in feature of retinal blood vessels help in identifying the disease and its severity. In this paper, we are extracting the blood vessels from retinal fundus image using Tsallis entropy principle and bacterial foraging algorithm. The retinal images are obtained from red-free fundus photography. The performance of this algorithm is compared and analyzed with ground-truth images of DRIVE database.

Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) ensures road safety by communicating with a set of smart vehicles. VANET is a subset of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). VANET enabled vehicles helps in establishing communication services among one another or with the Road Side Unit (RSU). Information transmitted in VANET is distributed in an open access environment and hence security is one of the most critical issues related to VANET. Although each vehicle is not a source of all communications, most contact depends on the information that other vehicles receive from it. That vehicle must be able to assess, determine and respond locally on the information obtained from other vehicles to protect VANET from malicious act. Of this reason, message verification in VANET is more difficult due to the protection and privacy issues of the participating vehicles. To overcome security threats, we propose Monitoring Algorithm that detects malicious nodes based on the pre-selected threshold value. The threshold value is compared with the distrust value which is inherently tagged with each vehicle. The proposed Monitoring Algorithm not only detects malicious vehicles, but also isolates the malicious vehicles from the network. The proposed technique is simulated using Network Simulator2 (NS2) tool. The simulation result illustrated that the proposed Monitoring Algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of malicious node detection, network delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput, thereby uplifting the overall performance of the network.

Travelling has become one of the most important aspects of human life. In general, the travel bags or luggage carrier systems used by the public were very conventional, which requires a huge human effort with security. In these days, development of electronics reduces the effect on physical work and to tie up between the machine and man which makes the smarter work. The advancements in electronics system can be extended to design a better safe and secure luggage carrier system which leads to reduce the human effort and assures a comfortable hand free journey to the peoples. Our proposed Automated Luggage carrier system is essentially like an electronic porter that follows the operator around wherever he/she goes. It is a hands free load carrying propulsion system that maintains a safe following distance behind the user. Privacy of the luggage bag can be ensured by owner's identity. Location of the system can be tracked using GPS and GSM.A wireless controlled watch is designed as a control element. The traveler will wear the watch to give commands to the luggage system for following him/her.

This paper deals with the design and implementation of power efficient encoder for transition reduction in off chip buses using ABE (Adaptive Bus Encoding) technique. In both the embedded and high performance systems, the effect of power consumption is becoming highly prominent, whereas the off-chip data buses remains to be a considerable power consumer. In most cases, the input data streams are not known because of the fact that the data streams are more random and less sequential. With subject to this, the adaptive bus encoding (ABE) mechanism is introduced which is executed without the preliminary knowledge about the required input streams. The proposed methodology of this paper make use of the spatial redundancy for the prevention of data loss while recovering them. This ABE framework reduces the transitions in highly capacitive off-chip buses and also this technique is associated with the power dissipation in the off chip buses for the significance of power efficiency and high speed communication. Thus, it minimises the extra dynamic power consumption due to the encoding circuitry mechanism.

Bio sensing techniques using photonic crystals in recent days is marked as the latest and the best method with accurate measured results. Photonic crystal-based biosensors are best responsive devices for detection and analysis of bio-substance that combines biological components with a physiochemical indicator. In this paper, cervical cancer cells are diagnosed using 2D photonic crystal-based biosensor. The sensor design consists of a ‘L’ and an inverted ‘L’ shaped linear waveguides with sensing holes. The photonic band gap ranges from 1225nm to 1656nm. The refractive index of the normal cell and the cervical cancer cell led to the corresponding shift in the intensity. The sensor design consists of reduced bandwidth, the results measured are accurate with good efficiency.

Cascaded multilevel inverter is a series combination of several inverters that combined together to generate multiple levels of voltages. The amplitude, phase and frequency are controllable parameters. The main drawback is the requirement of increased number of components and many isolated power sources. This paper compares two specially designed cascaded H bridge multilevel inverters to increase the number of levels with reduced no of switches and best suited for medium voltage drive applications. The isolated power sources are replaced by floating capacitors. The voltage balancing is pulse width modulation switching scheme is employed. The midpoint capacitor voltage in unit cells is achieved with total harmonic injection method. Comparative analysis is made for both of the proposed topologies and the proposed topology II offers less amount of THD when comparing with the proposed topology I. The validity of both of the proposed inverters is demonstrated through MATLAB Simulink model and also the scaled down prototype model is implemented in hardware. The voltage balancing mechanisms also verified via hysteresis controller.

The objective of this paper is to develop a new voltage source inverter (VSI) that acts as a boost inverter. The proposed inverter topology will acts as inverter and also boosts the output voltage with respect to the applied input. In general, the output voltage (AC) of a conventional full-bridge inverter is lower than the input DC voltage. Boost inverters are used in systems, where the output AC voltage is required to be larger than the input DC voltage. In order to obtain output AC voltage higher than the input DC voltage, an additional step up chopper is usually required at the front end, bestowing a two-stage power conversion which yields increased circuit complexity. Hence, in this paper a Dual boost inverter (DBI) has been developed, as a single-stage converter with advantages of a small structure, reduced power devices, and good buck-boost ability. The conventional modulation strategy (full cycle modulation) of the proposed circuit makes all the switches to operate in high frequency and leads to high voltage/current stress, which in turn results in heavy conduction losses and switching losses. The proposed system uses Half Cycle modulation scheme which use the power switches in half cycle, and can greatly reduce the conduction and switching losses of the power devices. In addition, an improved DBI with two clamping switches is also proposed in this paper, to reduce the current circulation losses in DBI with low switching stress. Thus our proposed topology will achieve higher efficiency with reduced losses and switching stress. The simulation results are presented for DBI model and improved DBI model. An experimental prototype is also developed to realize the Dual boost inverter output (without clamping switches) to validate the simulation results.

Background The majority of the cases of bone marrow failure syndromes/aplastic anaemias (BMFS/AA) are non-hereditary and considered idiopathic (80–85%). The peripheral blood picture is variable, with anaemia, neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia, and the patients with idiopathic BMFS/AA may have a risk of transformation into a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or an acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), as ascertained for all inherited BMFS. We already reported four patients with different forms of BMFS/AA with chromosome anomalies as primary etiologic event: the chromosome changes exerted an effect on specific genes, namely RUNX1, MPL, and FLI1, leading to the disease. Results We report two further patients with non-hereditary BM failure, with diagnosis of severe aplastic anaemia and pancytopenia caused by two different constitutional structural anomalies involving chromosome 8, and possibly leading to the disorder due to effects on the RUNX1T1 gene, which was hypo-expressed and hyper-expressed, respectively, in the two patients. The chromosome change was unbalanced in one patient, and balanced in the other one. Conclusions We analyzed the sequence of events in the pathogenesis of the disease in the two patients, including a number of non-haematological signs present in the one with the unbalanced anomaly. We demonstrated that in these two patients the primary event causing BMFS/AA was the constitutional chromosome anomaly. If we take into account the cohort of 219 patients with a similar diagnosis in whom we made cytogenetic studies in the years 2003–2017, we conclude that cytogenetic investigations were instrumental to reach a diagnosis in 52 of them. We postulate that a chromosome change is the primary cause of BMFS/AA in a not negligible proportion of cases, as it was ascertained in 6 of these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13039-017-0352-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The figure describes the location of UHRF1 (Ubiquitin-like with containing PHD and RING Finger domains 1) gene, mRNA and protein synthesis in the tumor cell and its structural domains with a focus on the docking of Naphthazarin on the SRA domain of UHRF1, resulting in reduction of tumor size.

Cancer pathogenesis has been attributed to the minor and major disruptions in the cell cycle, with a key role being played by several of the recently discovered epigenetic factors. Lately, UHRF1 (Ubiquitin-like with containing PHD and RING Finger domains 1), an epigenetic regulator has been shown to be evidently over expressed in numerous malignancies through an in-depth review of literature. Molecular docking studies have found that existing drugs such as propranolol, naphthazarin and thymoquinone have favourable interactions with specific domains of UHRF1. However, these findings would need large scale clinical trials to confirm their potency and safety during chemotherapy. UHRF1 (Ubiquitin-like with containing PHD and RING Finger domains 1), an epigenetic factor, plays a crucial role as an important checkpoint in the cell machinery. Basic science continues to unravel multiple facets of this five domain protein which includes a detailed elucidation of its roles and mechanisms of interaction with various enzymes during DNA replication. The gene has recently begun to be also termed as the “Universal Oncogene” in response to the results of research conducted in heterogenous populations and in over 17 cancers displaying heightened mRNA and protein expression in breast, liver, lung, head and neck cancers and many more. This gene could therefore, be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and for the prediction of the prognosis and survival of the diseased. A scientifically established solution in the form of targeted treatment must follow such a discovery and therefore, several natural and synthetic compounds such as thymoquinone and the well-known antihypertensive, propranolol have been docked and reported to have favourable interactions with the SRA (Set and Ring Associated) domain of UHRF1 in this review. This comprehensive review is thus, a brief synopsis of details regarding the structure and heightened levels of UHRF1 in several malignancies. Furthermore, pharmacogenomic research revolving around this oncogene is a potential sphere for clinical studies to be conducted in much larger and heterogenous populations to not only validate these therapeutic docking results but to also to bring personalised medicine to the bedside for the benefit of the patients.

advances in electronic and computer technologies have paved the way for explosion of wireless sensor networks. Sensor network usually consists of a large number of ultra small autonomous devices. The resource constraint nature of these ultra small devices poses an immediate need for resource management. A fundamental component of resource management is transmitter power control and an efficient power control technique is essential to support system quality and efficiency in wireless sensor networks. The data transmitted from the sensor nodes is highly susceptible to error in a wireless environment which increases the transmit power. Error control coding (ECC) schemes can improve the system performance and has an impact on energy consumption as node energy is sturdily influenced by the modulation and error correction coding used. This paper proposes a power control solution for wireless sensor network (WSN) considering ECC in the analytical setting of a game theoretic approach. The game is formulated as a utility maximizing distributed power control game while considering the cost function and the existence of Nash equilibrium is studied. With the help of this equilibrium a distributed power control algorithm is devised. From the analysis it is evident that the system is power stable only if the nodes comply with certain transmit power. The utility of nodes employing ECC and without ECC is compared; the results show that the proposed algorithm employing ECC achieves the best response for the sensor nodes by consuming less power.

Introduction Calciphylaxis is a rare clinic condition characterised by skin necrosis due to medial and intimal calcification of small and medium arteries. It's observed in patients affected by end stage renal disease associated to secondary hyperparathiroidism. Penile involvement has been documented in very few cases. We present both a case of penile calciphylaxis and a review of literature, in order to increase comprehension of patophysiology diagnosis and therapy of this rare disease. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of literature was performed after treating a case of penile calciphylaxis. We describe patient characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory and histopathologic findings, therapeutic strategy and outcomes of the case. Results A 65 year-old man, affected by diabetes, chronic ischemic cardiopathy and chronic renal failure in emodialithic treatment, was referred to our unit for the presence of increased consistency and significative pain of the distal portion of penis evolving in a complete glans necrosis. Blood levels of parathormone (PTH), calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) resulted pathologically elevated, promoting tissutal calcium deposition. The patient was treated with partial penectomy and the histologic findings confirm diagnosis of calciphylaxis, showing an ulcerative necrosis of glans with extensive calcium deposition and luminal narrowing of penile small arteries. Conclusions The increase of number of patients with chronic renal failure in emodialithic treatment could make penile calciphylaxis more p\revalent in the future. Early diagnosis, lowering of pathologic blood levels of Ca and P associated to surgical treatment of necrotic lesions of the patient could be fundamental for a better prognosis of this aggressive disease.

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder predominantly involving the lungs, but poorly-recognized among clinicians and pathologists. It is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven disease mimicking several other diseases on clinical and radiological grounds, generally showing multiple, bilateral nodular, ill-defined infiltrates of the lungs tending to coalescence and/or cavitation. LYG often affects middle-aged males with an underlying immunodeficiency and commonly involves skin and central nervous system during disease progression. Diagnosis requires a generous biopsy and careful histologic examination with immunohistochemical staining and molecular demonstration of EBV genome in large atypical B-cells. LYG is graded as I to III based on the number of large EBV-positive B-cells; grades II/III are now considered as a peculiar variant of T-cell rich diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In this brief review, clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of LYG will be analyzed with focus on differential diagnosis, the most appropriate treatment and prognosis.

The major issue in wireless sensor network (WSN) is the power control since it is impossible to recharge or replace the batteries of the sensors. The sensors transmit at high power to make its transmission successful. Transmitting at high power not only reduces the lifetime of the nodes and that of the network, it also introduces excessive interference. Therefore, every node should transmit at minimal power while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) requirements. This paper proposes a power control game with error control coding (ECC) while considering the QoS requirements. The performance of the power control game satisfying QoS delay constraints with Reed Solomon (RS) and Multivariate Interpolation Decoded RS code (MIDRS) code for WSN is evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER), throughput and delay.

Power control in wireless sensor networks is vital to maintain reliable communication links and to maximize the battery life. Transmitting at high power not only reduces the lifetime of the nodes and that of the network, but it also introduces excessive interference. Hence it is essential for each node to transmit at minimal transmit power, thereby reducing interference and maintaining network connectivity. This paper analyses a game theoretic model taking into consideration the residual energy of the nodes in a homogenous wireless sensor network considering random and square topology. The utility function of nodes that minimizes power consumption is analysed and the existence of Nash Equilibrium is studied. Simulation results show that, power consumption is reduced and throughput is maintained when square topology is considered.

Advancements in electronic and computer technologies have cemented the way for explosion of wireless sensor networks. A fundamental component of resource management is transmitter power control and an efficient power control technique is essential to support system quality and efficiency. The data transmitted from the sensor nodes is highly susceptible to error in a wireless environment which increases the transmit power. Error control coding (ECC) schemes can improve the system performance and has an impact on energy consumption as node energy is sturdily influenced by the modulation and error correction coding used. This paper proposes a power control solution for wireless sensor network (WSN) considering MIDRS code in the analytical setting of a game theoretic approach. The game is formulated as a utility maximizing distributed power control game while considering the pricing function and the existence of Nash equilibrium is premeditated. From the analysis it is evident that the system is power stable only if the nodes comply with certain transmit power. The utility of nodes employing RS and MIDRS codes is compared; the results show that employing MIDRS achieves the best response for the sensor nodes by consuming less power.

Calciphylaxis is a rare clinic condition characterised by skin necrosis due to medial and intimal calcification of small and medium arteries. It's observed in patients affected by end stage renal disease associated to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Penile involvement has been documented in very few cases. We present both a case of penile calciphylaxis and a review of literature, in order to increase comprehension of pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy of this rare disease.A retrospective review of literature was performed after treating a case of penile calciphylaxis. We describe patient characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory and histo-pathologic findings, therapeutic strategy and outcomes of the case.A 65 year-old man, affected by diabetes, chronic ischemic cardiopathy and chronic renal failure in hemodialytic treatment, was referred to our unit for the presence of increased consistency and significative pain of the distal portion of penis evolving in a complete glans necrosis. Blood levels of parathormone (PTH), calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) resulted pathologically elevated, promoting tissutal calcium deposition. The patient was treated with partial penectomy and the histologic findings confirm diagnosis of calciphylaxis, showing an ulcerative necrosis of glans with extensive calcium deposition and luminal narrowing of penile small arteries.The increase of number of patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialytic treatment could make penile calciphylaxis more prevalent in the future. Early diagnosis, lowering of pathologic blood levels of Ca and P associated to surgical treatment of necrotic lesions of the patient could be fundamental for a better prognosis of this aggressive disease.

Aims: To investigate the value of platelet-derivedgrowth factor receptors (PDGFRs) by immunohisto-chemistry in discriminating KIT-negative gastrointesti-nal stromal tumours (GISTs) from other soft-tissueneoplasms of the digestive tract.Methods and results: One-hundred and sixty-seven pri-mary gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumours (125GISTs, 15 intra-abdominal desmoids, 12 leiomyomas,eight leiomyosarcomas, three schwannomas, two solit-ary fibrous tumours, and one case each of inflammatorypseudotumour and fibroid polyp) were reclassified basedon morphology and on the immunohistochemical panelrecommended by the National Institutes of Healthconsensus on GIST. All cases were then tested withantibodies specific for PDGFR a and b. Of 125 GISTs,117 were KIT-positive (93.6%) and eight KIT-negative(6.4%). All the KIT-positive GISTs were negative forboth PDGFRs, while all the eight KIT-negative GISTsexpressed PDGFR-a, with two of them also coexpressingPDGFR-b. Among the 42 non-GIST tumours, only asmall percentage (26.6%) of desmoids immunostainedfor PDGFR-a, two of them coexpressing PDGFR-b.Conclusions: Immunostaining with PDGFR-a is a help-ful marker in discriminating between KIT-negativeGISTs and other gastrointestinal mesenchymal lesions:all KIT-negative GISTs were positive for PDFGR-a,while none of the other gastrointestinal mesenchymaltumours analysed, except a small subset of desmoids,was reactive with anti-PDGFRs. These preliminary datademonstrate the suitability of commercially availableantibodies to detect immunohistochemically the mutu-ally exclusive expression of KIT and PDGFR-a previ-ously reported in GISTs by molecular biologicaltechniques. Since PDGFR exists in the form of ahomodimer (aa, bb) or heterodimer (ab) and two ofthe KIT-negative GISTs coexpressed both PDGFRisoforms, further investigations are required to eluci-date the role of PDGFR-b in GISTs.Keywords: CD117, desmoid, GIST, immunohistochemistry, KIT, PDGFRAbbreviations: GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumour; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor

Parosteal lipoma is a usually indolent, rare benign tumor, characterized by clinicopathological findings similar to those of the commonly occurring subcutaneous lipoma, except for its intimate relationship with the connective tissue of the subjacent periosteal region. Parosteal lipoma commonly affects the diaphysis of long bones of the upper and lower limbs. We report an exceedingly rare case of parosteal lipoma of the rib, which presented in a 59-year-old man experiencing previous multiple traumas in this site.

The cause of stroke in the young remains unknown in 20-50% of the patients. Infections preceding stroke have been recently recognised to be an independent risk factor of stroke.Sixty consecutive patients aged 40 years or less presenting with ischaemic completed stroke are taken up for the study. Patients with neurological deficit of less than 24 hours, evidence of haemorrhage on CT scan, infection occurring after the onset of stroke were excluded. Controls consisted of age and sex matched persons residing in the same area. Both the groups were enquired about preceding fever and infections and were examined for evidence of infections. Serum was examined for antibodies against measles, herpes simplex, and Japanese B encephalitis viruses. Cultures were put up from appropriate samples and CSF examined in patients only.Evidence of infection was noted in 26 (43.3%) of patients and 6 controls (p0.001). History of fever was elicited in 23 patients and 3 controls while 15 patients were febrile on examination at admission. Signs of local infection was observed in 14 patients and one control. The commonest site of infection was respiratory tract. Cultures were positive in 11 patients, commonest being beta haemolytic streptococci in six from throat. Conventional risk factors were identical in both groups of patients with and without evidence of preceding infection. Smoking and alcoholism were significantly higher in patients with preceding infection.Preceding infection is an important risk factor of stroke in the young. Smoking and alcoholism are more frequent in patients with preceding infection. Whether they predispose the individual for infection or infection increases the stroke risk in them needs to be examined.

A case of disseminated Burkitt's lymphoma with nervous system involvement in a HIV negative 35 year old lady is described. She primarily presented with multiple cranial nerve palsies. At autopsy, diffuse involvement of parenchymatous organs and lymphomatous meningitis with conspicuous sparing of gastrointestinal system was observed. In addition, there was an unusual feature of paraneoplastic demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Incidentally, a large hydatid cyst was also seen in the left lobe in addition to the lymphomatous involvement of the liver.

4232 Background: The definition of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) has evolved over time and its true incidence is still unknown, probably underestimated. We have reviewed 161 cases of soft ...

The79Br quadrupole resonance in cadmium, strontium, barium, zinc, magnesium and nickel bromates is studied in the range 77 to 305 K. The temperature dependence of the resonance frequencies in these systems has been analysed on the basis of the torsional motion of the BrO3 - groups. The torsional frequency and its temperature behaviour have been analysed. ? 1984 Indian Academy of Sciences.

In Cd(BrO3)2 ⋅ 2H2O there are two chemically inequivalent sites of bromine in the unit cell which give rise to two nuclear quadrupole resonances for each isotope of bromine both at RT as well as at LNT. Single crystal Zeeman experiments carried out on the 79Br resonances at RT have revealed the presence of four physically inequivalent sites belonging to each crystallographic site of bromine and the EFG parameters at these sites have been obtained. The conventional point‐charge model, when applied to this system for the evaluation of the field gradient at the Br sites, has yielded unsatisfactory results. In an attempt to include the effect of the covalent bonding in the bromate group, CNDO/2 MO calculations have been carried out on the two inequivalent bromate groups of the system and from the resulting population densities in the orbitals, intraionic EFG or qcov has been estimated. Later, interionic contribution qion, obtained from a point‐charge approximation to the rest of the lattice has been added to ...