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In the areas of automotive, aeronautics and civil structures, lightweight construction is a current and a future need. Thus, multi material design has rapidly grown in importance, especially hybrid materials based on fiber reinforced plastics and aluminum offer great potential. Therefore, mechanical interlocking is a convenient way of designing the interface. Laser structuring is already used to generate a variety of surface topographies leading to high bond strengths. This paper investigates different laser structures aiming on highest joint strengths for aluminum and glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 interfaces. Self-organizing pin structures comprised by additional micro/nano features as well as drilled hole structures, both ranging on the micrometer range, are compared to corundum blasting as a standard method for surface conditioning. For the presented surface structures, thermal joining and ultrasonic assisted joining are regarded towards their potential for an optimum joint design.

Zusammenfassung Es werden Versuche beschrieben, die der Klarung der Frage dienten, ob durch Injektion von Blut einer Kuh mit persistenter Leukose in Mause des NMRI-Stammes und anschliesender Reizbehandlung mit Al(OH)3 eine Vermehrung der Tumorrate erzeugt werden kann. Drei Versuchsgruppen werden dazu aufgestellt, von denen der ersten Blut einer hamatologisch leukosepositiven Kuh, der zweiten Blut einer leukosenegativen Kuh aus einem sicher leukosefreien Bestand injiziert wurde. Die dritte Gruppe blieb ohne Behandlung mit Rinderblut. Die Halfte der Tiere jeder Gruppe wurde anschliesend durch Injektion von Aluminiumhydroxyd gereizt. Eine Beziehung zwischen der Vorbehandlung der Mause und dem Auftreten von Adenocarzinom- und Leukosefallen bei den weiblichen Mausen des NMRI-Stammes ist in vorliegendem Versuch nicht nachweisbar. Ein nach Injektion von Tumormaterial eines leukotischen Rindes bei NMRI-Mausen aufgetretener passagierbarer Tumor wurde in einem zweiten Versuch auf drei Kalber post partum sowie uber Injektion der Muttertiere auf vier Kalber ante partum ubertragen. Sichere Anzeichen einer stattgefundenen Leukoseubertragung konnten dabei nicht festgestellt werden. Summary Tumour formation in mice of the inbred strain NMRI after injection of bovine leucosis material and experiments on back passage of this mouse tumour to calves Experiments are described which were designed to find out whether injecting the blood of cattle with leucosis into mice of the NMRI strain, with or without stimulation with Al(OH)3, would result in an increase in tumour incidence. Three experimental groups were used: the first received blood of a haematologically leucosis-positive cow, the second received blood of a leucosis negative cow from a herd which was certainly free from leucosis, and the third group received no bovine blood. Half the animals in each group were stimulated by injection of Al(OH)3. No relationship was found between the type of mouse treatment and the incidence of adenocarcinoma or leucosis cases in the female mice of the NMRI strain. A transplantable tumour developing in mice after injecting tumour material from a leucotic bovine was in a second experiment inoculated into three calves after birth and into four calves before birth by injecting their dams. No certain evidence of leucosis transmission was obtained. Resume Sur la formation de tumeurs chez des souris de la souche consanguine NMRI, apres inoculation de materiel de leucose bovine et essais de reimplantation de ces tumeurs de souris sur le veau Les presentes experiences contribuent a elucider le probleme suivant: Peut-on produire une augmentation de la frequence des tumeurs par injection de sang d'une vache atteinte de leucose persistante a des souris de la souche NMRI et apres stimulation avec Al(OH)3? On repartit les animaux d'experience en 3 groupes. On inocule au premier du sang d'une vache leucose-positive a l'hematologie et au deuxieme le sang d'une vache leucose-negative, provenant d'une exploitation exempte de leucose. On n'injecte pas de sang bovin au troisieme groupe. On stimule ensuite la moitie des animaux de chaque groupe par injection d'hydroxyde d'aluminium. Cette experience ne permet pas de demontrer s'il existe une correlation entre le pretraitement des souris et l'apparition de cas d'adenocarcinomes et de leucose chez les souris femelles de la souche NMRI. Au cours d'une deuxieme experience, on inocule a 3 veaux postpartum, ainsi que par injection de la mere a 4 veaux ante-partum, une tumeur transplantable, provenant de souris NMRI auxquelles on avait injecte le materiel de tumeurs d'une vache atteinte de leucose. On n'a pas decouvert de signes evidents d'une transmission de leucose. Resumen Sobre la formacion de tumores en ratones de la cepa NMRI, de consanguinidad estrecha, tras la inyeccion de material leucotico bovino, y ensayos acerca de la retrotransmision de este tumor ratonesco a terneros Describense ensayos destinados a aclarar la cuestion, si mediante la inyeccion de sangre de una vaca con leucosis persistente en ratones de la cepa NMRI y subsiguiente tratamiento estimulante con (OH)3Al se puede incrementar la cuota tumoral. Para este menester se establecen tres grupos experimentales, el primero de los cuales recibio sangre de una vaca hematologicamente positiva de leucosis, y el segundo, sangre de una vaca leucosis-negativa perteneciente a una vaqueria libre de leucosis con seguridad. El grupo tercero no recibio sangre vacuna. La mitad de los animales de cada grupo fue estimulado a continuacion por medio de una inyeccion de hidroxido de aluminio. En el ensayo presente no se pudo probar relacion alguna entre el pre-tratamiento de los ratones y la aparicion de casos de adenocarcinoma y de leucosis en las ratonas de la cepa NMRI. Un tumor, apto para ser sometido a pasajes, que aparecio en ratones NMRI tras la inyeccion de material tumoral de una res vacuna leucotica, se inoculo en un segundo ensayo a tres terneros post partum, y, a traves de inyeccion a las madres, a cuatro terneros ante partum. Aqui no se observaron signos ciertos de que haya tenido lugar una transmision leucotica.

Die Vergleichsstudie umfaste insgesamt 60 Patienten mit chronischen Harnwegsinfektionen. 29 Patienten erhielten Cinoxacin und 31 Nalidixinsaure uber einen Zeitraum von zehn Tagen. Die Therapie verlief bei funf Patienten in der Cinoxacin-Gruppe und neun Patienten in der Nalidixinsaure-Gruppe erfolglos. 11 Patienten in der Cinoxacin-Gruppe und 13 Patienten in der Nalidixinsaure-Gruppe gaben Nebenwirkungen an, die mit der Behandlung in Zusammenhang gebracht werden konnten. Die am haufigsten aufgetretenen Reaktionen waren gastrointestinale Storungen und zentralnervose Erscheinungen. In allen Fallen kam es nach Beendigung der Therapie zu einer raschen Ruckbildung der Nebenwirkungen.

The chronic pyelonephritis is an unspecific, bacterial, focal, interstitial nephritis with faculative participation of the pyelon. It is differentiated between an obstructive (secondary) and non-obstructive (primary) form. It is referred to the importance of risk factors and risk groups deriving themselves from this. Without doubt, the chronic pyelonephritis is the most frequent renal disease which is confirmed by new statistics of morbidity. The diagnostics still renders difficulties. In a course poor in symptoms it is not thought of the existence of the disease. For the rational dignostics in practice a step plan is recommended. In every case diagnostics should precede therapy. A therapeutic nihilism is to be avoided. A schematic treatment used without criticism and without taking into consideration individual peculiarities, secondary diseases, pregnancy and so on is to be abandoned. Short-term therapy and long-term prevention must be tuned one to another and possibly rationally combined. A plan for the long-term control in the renal dispensary is proposed.

Apart from the specifically uraemically conditioned decreasing in vitality factors a physically inactivity which originates from the want of the patient or is iatrogenically induced, respectively is one of the causes for the decrease in physical vitality in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. 10 patients with chronic renal disease (serum creatinine 9.2 mg%) after an ergometric test were trained regularly twice a week for 30 minutes with a training intensity which corresponded to 80% of the load intensity. After a training duration of 15 weeks 9 of the 10 patients yielded a better result, in one female patient the bicycle-ergometric effect remained constant. The physical load capacity of the successfully trained 9 patients increased by 22.2 W from 80,5 W to 102.7 W. This corresponds to a 27.6% increase in vitality. After the end of the training the patients achieved a result which is higher than that of untrained patients with renal insufficiency in the same region of insufficiency. In comparison to healthy persons of the same age before the training the patients were to be loaded with 71% and after the training with 92% of the normal. The result of the training can also be read at a decrease of the heart rate and at a shortening of the recreation phase after constant load. The significant decrease of the systolic blood pressure on the 50 W-step indicates to a favourable influence of the RR-behaviour.

A total of 60 patients with chronic urinary tract infections were included in this comparative study. 29 patients received cinoxacin and 31 nalidixic acid for a period of ten days. There were five therapy failures in the cinoxacin group and nine in the nalidixic acid group. Drug-related side-effects were reported by 11 patients in the cinoxacin group and by 13 patients in the nalidixic acid group. Gastrointestinal and central nervous disturbances were the adverse reactions which occurred most frequently. In all cases side-effects disappeared quickly after therapy was discontinued.

In patients with stone pyelonephritis the behaviour of the renal function under the influence of chemotherapy was examined at the stage of the compensated retention. 24 cures carried out on clinical conditions on 10 patients with an average age of 52 years (14--71) were evaluated. By means of chemotherapy in connection with the treatment of anaemia and the compensation of acidosis the renal function could favourably be influenced and the terminal stage of the renal insufficiency could be shifted. The author adopts a definite attitude to the long-term prophylaxis.