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We will study the competitive effect between the transport of a quantum dot adsorbed to a ballistic channel and laterally coupled to a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). We will use the “tight-binding" approach to analytically write the SWNT Green's function and the quantum dot will be solved by the atomic method for. We will present curves of the electronic density of states for some different sizes of nanotubes. The results for the conductance curves will be presented as a function of and for different values of n and hopping between the nanotube and the quantum dot.

This study aimed to assess the obesity effects on the proteomic profile of the periodontal ligament of rats submitted to obesity induction by a high-fat diet. Eight Holtzman rats were divided into control (n = 3) and obese (n = 5) groups. The maxillae were histologically processed for laser capture microdissection of the periodontal ligament of the first maxillary molars. Peptide mixtures were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. A total of 1379 proteins were identified in all groups. Among them, 335 (24.30%) were exclusively detected in the obese group, while 129 (9.35%) proteins were uniquely found in the control group. Out of the 110 (7.98%) differentially abundant proteins, 10 were more abundant and 100 had decreased abundance in the obese group. A gene ontology analysis showed some proteins related to obesity in the “extracellular exosome” term among differentially identified proteins in the gene ontology cellular component terms Prelp, Sec13, and Sod2. These three proteins were upregulated in the obese group (p < 0.05), as shown by proteomic and immunohistochemistry analyses. In summary, our study presents novel evidence that the proteomic profile of the periodontal ligament is altered in experimental obesity induction, providing a list of differentially abundant proteins associated with obesity, which indicates that the periodontal ligament is responsive to obesity.

Introduction : À l'époque de la transition vers la pédagogie cons-tructiviste et le paradigme d'apprentissage par compétences en médecine générale, les pratiques sur les terrains de stage semblent hétérogènes et parfois figées. Nombreux sont les outils d’aide à l'interaction et à l'évaluation pour faciliter l’exercice complexe de la pédagogie médicale à l'heure d'une exigence sociale accrue de la qualité des médecins formés. Méthode : Une étude qualitative a été menée en mai et juin 2020 sur la base d’entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de 14 maitres de stage des universités (MSU) accueillant des étudiants de troisième cycle (E3C) en stage de niveau 1 et niveau 2 en Normandie Occidentale afin d’explorer la façon dont ils appliquaient les méthodes de rétroactions pédagogiques et d'évaluations propres à l’apprentissage par compétences. Résultats : Les résultats montraient une relative homogénéité quant à la forme mais une grande hétérogénéité sur le contenu de la rétroaction pédagogique. Les évaluations formatives au sens strict étaient rarement pratiquées mais les MSU étaient favorables à l'auto-évaluation. Une hétérogénéité des méthodes d’évaluation certificative était remarquée malgré l’utilisation de la même grille de validation. Conclusion : Cette étude démontrait des limites floues entre la rétroaction pédagogique et l'évaluation formative. Elle soulignait l'absence d'utilisation d'outil pédagogique ou d'aide à l'évaluation par méconnaissance ou complexité des outils. Cependant, elle montrait aussi l'intérêt que les MSU portent à la pédagogie et le souci de l'influence des rétroactions qu'ils pratiquent. Ce travail pourra servir de base à une amélioration des pratiques prenant en compte les réflexions des MSU.

Bradykinesia and postural instability contribute to walking limitations in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the contribution of muscle strength to walking speed has not been examined extensively.Does strength of the major lower limb muscles contribute to walking speed over short and long distances in people with PD?na.A cross-sectional, observational study.50 people with mild PD.Maximum isometric strength of the flexors and extensors of the lower limb was measured using hand-held dynamometry. Flexed posture, postural instability and bradykinesia were measured using the MDS-UPDRS part III. Walking speed was measured during the 10-m Walk Test and 6-min Walk Test.Univariate analysis revealed that age, bradykinesia, flexed posture, and hip, knee and ankle weakness were all significantly correlated with walking speed over short and long distances. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age, bradykinesia, flexed posture and weakness of the hip and knee muscles together accounted for 47% of the variance in walking speed over a short distance, with age (RIn people with mild PD, weakness of the hip muscles and bradykinesia only make a significant relative contribution to walking speed over a long distance. Therefore, in people with normal walking speed over a short distance the 6-min Walk Test could be measured to more effectively identify the impact of motor impairments on walking.

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic affected formal and informal education programs in the USA. The pandemic had a devastating impact on programs that required a dedicated physical space and in-person laboratory research. The distinguishing feature of New Hampshire Academy of Science (NHAS) programs is the participation of secondary school students in STEM research projects that emulate university-level research. Moving to a remote format presented various challenges. In this case study, we describe and discuss our experiences transforming a summer STEM research program for secondary school students from on-site and in-person to a remote platform, providing details of the planning phase, the logistics of maintaining the quality of the students’ research, and the results of internal and external evaluations. Of the 33 students who participated, 32 completed all central elements of the program, and 25 went further and submitted summary papers and presented their research at the remote annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. External evaluation found that students saw their work as similar to that of professional scientists, and perceived themselves to have gained proficiency in the use of scientific techniques and instrumentation. Students expressed they missed elements of in-person lab work including social interactions.

This paper describes the design and construction of a guarded hot-plate apparatus for the measurement of insulations and refractories in the temperature range 100°C to 850°C having thermal conductivities of up to 0.5 W/m.K and thermal resistances in the range 0.05 to 3.2 m2 K/W. Information is given on measurements carried out to assess the performance and uncertainty of the apparatus using calcium silicate and microporous insulation. Details are also given of an international intercomparison on a low density calcium silicate carried out as part of a BCR programme for the European Community.

Amelogenin isoforms, including full-length amelogenin (AMEL) and leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP), are major components of the enamel matrix, and are considered as signaling molecules in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulating tooth development and periodontal regeneration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to identify novel binding partners for amelogenin isoforms in the cementoblast (OCCM-30), using an affinity purification assay (GST pull-down) followed by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting. Protein-protein interaction analysis for AMEL and LRAP evidenced the plasminogen activation system (PAS) as a potential player regulating OCCM-30 response to amelogenin isoforms. For functional assays, PAS was either activated (plasmin) or inhibited (e-aminocaproic acid [aminocaproic]) in OCCM-30 cells and the cell morphology, mineral nodule formation, and gene expression were assessed. PAS inhibition (EACA 100 mM) dramatically decreased mineral nodule formation and expression of OCCM-30 differentiation markers, including osteocalcin (Bglap), bone sialoprotein (Ibsp), osteopontin (Spp1), tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) and collagen type I (Col1a1), and had no effect on runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (Osx) mRNA levels. PAS activation (plasmin 5 µg/µl) significantly increased Col1a1 and decreased Bglap mRNA levels (p < .05). Together, our findings shed new light on the potential role of plasminogen signaling pathway in the control of the amelogenin isoform-mediated response in cementoblasts and provide new insights into the development of targeted therapies.

The ability to detect and selectively identify trace amounts of metal ions is of major importance for drinking water identification and biological studies. Herein, we report a series of water-soluble Schiff-base ligands capable of being fluorescent and colorimetric sensors for metal ions. Upon coordination of the metal ion to the ligand, quenching of fluorescence is observed, typically in a 1:1 ratio. The selectivity of metal ions Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr3+, and Co2+ is exhibited via fluorescence quenching accompanied by colorimetric changes, whereas that of Ag+ and Co2+ is observed through colorimetric changes alone. Additionally, pH sensing studies were performed for the potential use of these ligands in biological applications.

Background Cellular cementum, a mineralized tissue covering apical tooth roots, grows by apposition to maintain the tooth in its occlusal position. We hypothesized that resident cementocytes would show morphological changes in response to cementum apposition, possibly implicating a role in cementum biology. Methods Mandibular first molars were induced to super-erupt (EIA) by extraction of maxillary molars, promoting rapid new cementum formation. Tissue and cell responses were analyzed at 6 and/or 21 days post-procedure (dpp). Results High-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed increased cellular cementum by 21 dpp. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that cementocytes under EIA were 50% larger than control cells, supported by larger pore sizes detected by micro-CT. Cementocytes under EIA displayed ultrastructural changes consistent with increased activity, including increased cytoplasm and nuclear size. We applied EIA to Hyp mutant mice, where cementocytes have perilacunar hypomineralization defects, to test cell and tissue responses in an altered mechanoresponsive milieu. Hyp and WT molars displayed similar super-eruption, with Hyp molars exhibiting 28% increased cellular cementum area versus 22% in WT mice at 21 dpp. Compared to control, Hyp cementocytes featured well-defined, disperse euchromatin and a thick layer of peripherally condensed heterochromatin in nuclei, indicating cellular activity. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cementum markers revealed intense dentin matrix protein-1 expression and abnormal osteopontin deposition in Hyp mice. Both WT and Hyp cementocytes expressed gap junction protein, connexin 43. Conclusion This study provides new insights into the EIA model and cementocyte activity in association with new cementum formation.

Cementum is a mineralized tissue that covers tooth roots and functions in the periodontal attachment complex. Cementocytes, resident cells of cellular cementum, share many characteristics with osteocytes, are mechanoresponsive cells that direct bone remodeling based on changes in loading. We hypothesized that cementocytes play a key role during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). To test this hypothesis, we used 8-week-old male Wistar rats in a model of OTM for 2, 7, or 14 days (0.5 N), whereas unloaded contralateral teeth served as controls. Tissue and cell responses were analyzed by high-resolution micro-computed tomography, histology, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining for odontoclasts/osteoclasts, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, laser capture microdissection was used to collect cellular cementum, and extracted proteins were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The OTM model successfully moved first molars mesially more than 250 μm by 14 days introducing apoptosis in a small number of cementocytes and areas of root resorption on mesial and distal aspects. Cementocytes showed increased nuclear size and proportion of euchromatin suggesting cellular activity. Proteomic analysis identified 168 proteins in cellular cementum with 21 proteins found only in OTM sites and 54 proteins only present in control samples. OTM-down-regulated several extracellular matrix proteins, including decorin, biglycan, asporin, and periostin, localized to cementum and PDL by immunostaining. Furthermore, type IV collagen (COL14A1) was the protein most down-regulated (−45-fold) by OTM and immunolocalized to cells at the cementum-dentin junction. Eleven keratins were significantly increased by OTM, and a pan-keratin antibody indicated keratin localization primarily in epithelial remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. These experiments provide new insights into biological responses of cementocytes and cellular cementum to OTM.

Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an established model of cardiovascular (CV) prevention that has proven benefits. Availability, characteristics and need of CR programs in Latin-American and Caribbean (LAC) countries remains poorly characterized. This study aims to establish the availability, capacity, density and aspects of CR delivery in LAC. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to CR programs in 24 LAC. Local CV organizations and societies identified CR programs. Characteristics of individual CR program were reviewed including: funding sources, core components, healthcare providers, and dose (number of sessions per weeks X total number of weeks) of CR. National CR capacity (median number of patients a program could serve per year X number of programs per country), density (Ischemic Heart Disease [IHD] incidence per year/ national capacity), need (IHD incidence per year- national capacity) and occupancy (median number patients program served per year/national capacity) were computed based on survey responses. Results At least one CR program was identified per LAC country (total 255 programs across 24 countries). Data was collected in 20 of the 24 countries. Responses were received from 139/255 programs (median program response rate=55%; Table 1). Over 50% (n=73) of programs were funded by multiple sources (government, hospital/clinic, private health insurance); Self-payment was reported by 63% programs, in which 24 (33.8%) patients paid over 50% of the cost. Guideline-indicated conditions were accepted in 77% or more programs. Physiotherapists (n=106, 76.3%), cardiologists (n=105, 75.5%) and dietitians (n=79, 56.8%) were the most common healthcare providers on CR teams. Regionally, programs offered 9 (IQR = 8–10) core components (patient education, exercise prescription and initial assessment delivered by nearly all programs). Median CR was 36 (IQR = 24–56) sessions/patient. Twenty-seven (20.9%) programs offered alternative CR models (e.g., home or community-based and hybrid models). Median national capacity was 500 CR spots/country (IQR= 200–2300). Regional density was 1 CR spot per 24 incident IHD patients per year. Greatest need in absolute terms for CR was observed in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Mexico (all with >150,000 spots needed per year to manage incident IHD patients; Table 1). Occupancy ranged from over 100% in Colombia to 15% in Chile (median=60%, IQR = 32%–81%), Table 1. Conclusion In LAC countries, there is very limited capacity to meet the need for CR. Nature of CR services varied regionally. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Background and objectives Dental cementum (DC) is a mineralized tissue covering tooth roots that plays a critical role in dental attachment. Differences in deciduous vs. permanent tooth DC have not been explored. We hypothesized that proteomic analysis of DC matrix would identify compositional differences in deciduous (DecDC) vs. permanent (PermDC) cementum that might reflect physiological or pathological differences, such as root resorption that is physiological in deciduous teeth but can be pathological in the permanent dentition. Methods Protein extracts from deciduous (n = 25) and permanent (n = 12) teeth were pooled (five pools of DecDC, five teeth each; four pools of PermDC, three teeth each). Samples were denatured, and proteins were extracted, reduced, alkylated, digested, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The beta-binomial statistical test was applied to normalized spectrum counts with 5% significance level to determine differentially expressed proteins. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate selected proteins. Results A total of 510 proteins were identified: 123 (24.1%) exclusive to DecDC; 128 (25.1%) exclusive to PermDC; 259 (50.8%) commonly expressed in both DecDC and PermDC. Out of 60 differentially expressed proteins, 17 (28.3%) were detected in DecDC, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), whereas 43 (71.7%) were detected in PermDC, including decorin (DCN) and osteocalcin (BGLAP). Overall, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that all expressed proteins were related to GO biological processes that included localization and response to stress, and the GO molecular function of differentially expressed proteins was enriched in cell adhesion, molecular binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, structural molecular activity, and macromolecular complex binding. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the trends for selected differentially expressed proteins in human teeth. Conclusions Clear differences were found between the proteomes of DecDC and PermDC. These findings may lead to new insights into developmental differences between DecDC and PermDC, as well as to a better understanding of physiological/pathological events such as root resorption.

Purpose: Minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT) is an innovative strategy based on a distinct dose delivery method that is administered using a series of narrow (submillimetric) parallel beams. To shed light on the biological effects of MBRT irradiation, we explored the micro- and nanodosimetric characteristics of three promising MBRT modalities (photon, electron, and proton) using Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. Methods: Irradiation with proton (100 MeV), electron (300 MeV), and photon (effective energy of 69 keV) minibeams were simulated using Geant4 MC code and the Geant4-DNA extension, which allows the simulation of energy transfer points with nanometric accuracy. As the target of the simulations, cells containing spherical nuclei with or without a detailed description of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) geometry were placed at different depths in peak and valley regions in a water phantom. The energy deposition and number of events in the cell nuclei were recorded in the microdosimetry study, and the number of DNA breaks and their complexity were determined in the nanodosimetric study, where a multi-scale simulation approach was used for the latter. For DNA damage assessment, an adapted DBSCAN clustering algorithm was used. To compare the photon MBRT (xMBRT), electron MBRT (eMBRT), and proton MBRT (pMBRT) approaches, we consid- ered the treatmen t of a brain tumor located at a depth of 75 mm. Results: Both mean energy deposition at micrometric scale and DNA damage in the “valley” cell nuclei were very low as compared with these parameters in the peak region at all depths for xMBRT and at depths of 0 to 30 mm and 0 to 50 mm for eMBRT and pMBRT, respectively. Only the charged minibeams were favorable for tumor control by producing similar effects in peak and valley cells after 70 mm. At the micrometer scale, the energy deposited per event pointed to a potential advantage of proton beams for tumor control, as more aggressive events could be expected at the end of their tracks. At the nanometer scale, all three MBRT modalities produced direct clustered DNA breaks, although the majority of damage (>93%) was composed of isolated single strand breaks. The pMBRT led to a significant increase in the proportion of clustered single strand breaks and double- strand breaks at the end of its range as compared to the entrance (7% at 75 mm vs 3% at 10 mm) in contrast to eMBRT and xMBRT. In the latter cases, the proportions of complex breaks remained con- stant, irrespective of the depth and region (peak or valley). Conclusions: Enhanced normal tissue sparing can be expected with these three MBRT techniques. Among the three modalities, pMBRT offers an additional gain for radioresistant tumors, as it resulted in a higher number of complex DNA damage clusters in the tumor region. The se results can aid understanding of the biological mechanisms of MBRT.

Proteomic analysis of extracellular matrices (ECM) of dentoalveolar tissues can provide insights into developmental, pathological, and reparative processes. However, targeted dissection of mineralized tissues, dental cementum (DC), alveolar bone (AB), and dentin (DE), presents technical difficulties. We demonstrate an approach combining EDTA decalcification and laser capture microdissection (LCM), followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to analyze proteome profiles of these tissues. Using the LCM-LC-MS/MS approach, a total of 243 proteins was identified from all tissues, 193 proteins in DC, 147 in AB, and 135 proteins DE. Ninety proteins (37% of total) were common to all tissues, whereas 52 proteins (21%) were overlapping in only two. Also, 101 (42%) proteins were exclusively detected in DC (60), AB (15), or DE (26). Identification in all tissues of expected ECM proteins including collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1), collagen alpha-1(XII) chain (COL12A1), biglycan (BGN), asporin (ASPN), lumican (LUM), and fibromodulin (FMOD), served to validate the approach. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering identified a high degree of similarity in DC and AB proteomes, whereas DE presented a distinct dataset. Exclusively and differentially identified proteins were detected from all three tissues. The protein-protein interaction network (interactome) of DC was notable for its inclusion of several indicators of metabolic function (e.g. mitochondrial proteins, protein synthesis, and calcium transport), possibly reflecting cementocyte activity. The DE proteome included known and novel mineralization regulators, including matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP-20), 5' nucleotidase (NT5E), and secreted phosphoprotein 24 (SPP-24 or SPP-2). Application of the LCM-LC-MS/MS approach to dentoalveolar tissues would be of value in many experimental designs, including developmental studies of transgenic animals, investigation of treatment effects, and identification of novel regenerative factors.

HBT-Cy 1 has been previously reported as a highly selective fluorescent probe for lysosome visualization in live cells. To further investigate the role of the structural components of HBT-Cy in lysosome selectivity, cyanine based fluorescent probe series (2–5) have been synthesized in good yields by connecting benzothiazolium cyanine (Cy) with 2-hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole (HBT) via a meta phenylene ring. Probes 2–5 exhibited exceptional photophysical properties including bright red-emission (λem ≈ 630–650 nm), a large Stokes shift (Δλ > 130 nm) and high fluorescence quantum yields (ϕfl ≈ 0.1–0.5). Probes 2, 3, and 5 exhibited exceptional selectivity towards cellular lysosomes in NHLF and MO3.13 cells. Our further study revealed that the phenyl benzothiazolium cyanine component (6) was the lysosome directing group in the HBT-Cy probe structure. The attachment of the hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (HBT) component to the HBT-Cy probe structure has significantly improved its photophysical properties. Lysosome probes 2, 3 and 5 exhibited excellent biocompatibility, quick staining, bright red fluorescence, and wash-free application for live cell imaging. These probes further exhibited excellent characteristics for bioimaging experiments including a non-alkalinizing nature, high biocompatibility, high photostability and long-term imaging ability (>4 hours).

The National Science Foundation, the Office of Education, the Council on Library Resources, and a number of foundations provided millions of dollars for development of library automation activities. Once plans for library automation are firm and the institution is ready to begin implementation, the major problem is apt to be funding. Traditionally there have been three primary sources for such funds: grants from the federal government or private foundations; reallocation of existing funds; and additional appropriations from the library's normal source of funds, whether that be institutional, state appropriations, bond issues, or city and county budgets. The council has developed what it calls the Bibliographic Services Development Program, which has as its principal goal the linking of the several networks that grew up during the 1970s. As far as granting agencies are concerned, then, the trend is clear: from individual library projects to networks and from networks to a supernetwork.

Os cementócitos dividem características morfológicas com os osteócitos e expressam, em comum, inúmeros reguladores do metabolismo tecidual. Entretanto o papel dos cementócitos na homeostasia do cemento dental não está esclarecido. Assim, a hipótese da presente investigação foi de que os cementócitos desempenham um papel importante na manutenção do periodonto de sustentação. Alterações morfológicas e ultraestruturais nestas células foram observadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e confocal, como evidências de sua participação no controle da homeostasia do cemento dental utilizando-se um modelo experimental de aposição contínua do cemento dental celular.

Background: Real-world data are essential to accurately assessing efficacy and toxicity of approved agents in everyday practice. PRINCIPAL, a prospective, observational study, was designed to confirm the real-world safety and efficacy of pazopanib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Subjects, Materials, and Methods: Patients with clear cell advanced/metastatic RCC and a clinical decision to initiate pazopanib treatment within 30 days of enrollment were eligible. Primary objectives included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), relative dose intensity (RDI) and its effect on treatment outcomes, change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and safety. We also compared characteristics and outcomes of clinical-trial-eligible (CTE) patients, defined using COMPARZ trial eligibility criteria, with those of non-clinical-trial-eligible (NCTE) patients. Secondary study objectives were to evaluate clinical efficacy, safety, and RDI in patient subgroups. Results: Six hundred fifty-seven patients were enrolled and received ≥1 dose of pazopanib. Median PFS and OS were 10.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.2–12.0) and 29.9 months (95% CI, 24.7 to not reached), respectively, and the ORR was 30.3%. HRQoL showed no or little deterioration over time. Treatment-related serious adverse events (AEs) and AEs of special interest occurred in 64 (9.7%), and 399 (60.7%) patients, respectively. More patients were classified NCTE than CTE (85.2% vs. 14.8%). Efficacy of pazopanib was similar between the two groups. Conclusion: PRINCIPAL confirms the efficacy and safety of pazopanib in patients with advanced/metastatic RCC in a real-world clinical setting. Implications for Practice: PRINCIPAL is the largest (n = 657) prospective, observational study of pazopanib in patients with advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma, to the authors’ knowledge. Consistent with clinical trial results that often contain specific patient types, the PRINCIPAL study demonstrated that the effectiveness and safety of pazopanib is similarly safe and effective in patients with advanced kidney cancer in a real-world clinical setting. The PRINCIPAL study showed that patients with advanced kidney cancer who are treated with first-line pazopanib generally do not show disease progression for approximately 10 months and generally survive for nearly 30 months. © AlphaMed Press 2019

Dental cementum (DC) covers the tooth root and has important functions in tooth attachment and position. DC can be lost to disease, and regeneration is currently unpredictable due to limited understanding of DC formation. This study used a model of experimentally-induced apposition (EIA) in mice to identify proteins associated with new DC formation. Mandibular first molars were induced to super-erupt for 6 and 21days after extracting opposing maxillary molars. Decalcified and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mandible sections were prepared for laser capture microdissection. Microdissected protein extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the data submitted to repeated measure ANOVA test (RM-ANOVA, alpha=5%). A total of 519 proteins were identified, with 97 (18.6%) proteins found exclusively in EIA sites and 50 (9.6%) proteins exclusively expressed in control sites. Fifty six (10.7%) proteins were differentially regulated by RM-ANOVA (p0.05), with 24 regulated by the exclusive effect of EIA (12 proteins) or the interaction between EIA and time (12 proteins), including serpin 1a, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer, tenascin X (TNX), and asporin (ASPN). In conclusion, proteomic analysis demonstrated significantly altered protein profile in DC under EIA, providing new insights on DC biology and potential candidates for tissue engineering applications.Dental cementum (DC) is a mineralized tissue that covers the tooth root surface and has important functions in tooth attachment and position. DC and other periodontal tissues can be lost to disease, and regeneration is currently unpredictable due to lack of understanding of DC formation. This study used a model of experimentally-induced apposition (EIA) in mice to promote new cementum formation, followed by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic analysis. This approach identified proteins associated with new cementum formation that may be targets for promoting cementum regeneration.

This volume is the second of two special issues of the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand that feature some of the papers presented at the 2015 conference Finding New Zealand’s Scientific ...

BACKGROUND Physiological roles for the periodontal ligament (PDL) include tooth eruption and anchorage, force absorption, and provision of proprioceptive information. Despite the advances in understanding the biology of PDL cells, there is a lack of information regarding the molecular signature of deciduous (DecPDL) and permanent (PermPDL) PDL tissues. Thus, the present study was designed to characterize the membrane proteome of DecPDL and PermPDL cells. METHODS Primary PDL cells were obtained (n = 6) and a label-free quantitative proteome of cell membrane-enriched components was performed. Proteome findings were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays in fresh human tissues (n = 8) and primary cell cultures (n = 6). In addition, confocal microscopy was used to verify the expression of target factors in the PDL cell cultures. RESULTS Comparative gene ontology enrichment analysis evidenced that most stickling differences involved "endomembrane system" (PICALM, STX4, and LRP10), "hydrolase activity" (NCSTN and XRCC6), "protein binding" (PICALM, STX4, GPNMB, VASP, extended-synaptotagmin 2 [ESYT2], and leucine-rich repeat containing 15 [LRRC15]), and "isomerase activity" (FKBP8). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010226. At the transcript level, high PICALM in DecPDL and ESYT2 and LRRC15 in PermPDL were confirmed in fresh PDL tissues. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed increased levels of PICALM, LRRC15, and ESYT2 in cells and/or fresh tissues, and confocal microscopy confirmed the trends for PICALM and LRRC15 expression in PDL cells. CONCLUSION We report the first comprehensive characterization of the membrane protein machinery of DecPDL and PermPDL cells, and together, we identified a distinct molecular signature for these cell populations, including unique proteins for DecPDL and PermPDL.

Rates of suicide and self-harm have risen significantly in youth populations over the past 12 years (Murphy et al., Natl Vital Stat Rep 66:1–75, 2015). Suicide is also the 2nd leading cause of death in youth aged 10–24, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent in adolescents and young adults (Murphy et al., Natl Vital Stat Rep 66:1–75, 2015). Many families are unfamiliar with navigating the mental health system, and most turn to their primary care clinician with behavioral health concerns. As such, PCPs must be prepared to assess youth for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) and NSSI, develop a treatment plan, and refer them to the appropriate level of care. Common risk factors include existing psychiatric disorders, prior suicide attempts or knowing someone who has attempted/completed suicide, substance use, and general environmental factors (e.g., trauma, family dynamics, bullying, academic culture). In pediatric populations, it is impossible to ignore the role of the digital revolution: youth are often unable to experience any sort of break from life stressors, which in turn intensifies negative feelings and exacerbates pre-existing symptoms.

The JET machine uses a variety of current transducers for control and protection of the plasma, the coils and their associated power supplies. This paper reviews the various measuring technologies, within the range 5–100 kA, used on JET to assist with the selection of high-current transducers for future plasma control/tokamak applications; these include Rogowski coils, coaxial shunts, Hall-effect transducers, zero-flux CTs and a Faraday-effect optical transducer. The paper considers reliability, accuracy and usability based on up to 30 years of operational experience of the transducers. Accuracy of the magnet current measurements is important in the control of tokamak plasmas and there has been considerable effort to improve it. Recently a Faraday-effect optical current sensor has been used to measure up to 67 kA in the Toroidal Field (TF) coil circuit. This measurement system has been calibrated at JET to verify its 0.1% accuracy. In addition, the data acquisition system for this measurement is automatically calibrated at the start of each JET pulse. The improved accuracy has been shown to enhance the spatial consistency of kinetic profiles at JET [1] . Due to its portability the JET project intends to employ the same Faraday-effect current transducer to calibrate other high current transducers by temporarily fitting it to other busbars, such as those in the Ohmic Heating network.

DNA methylation plays a critical role in the regulation of the transcription of the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3, which are modulators in the inflammation. We hypothesized that the methylation status of SOCS1, SOCS3, and long interspersed nuclear element (LINE)-1 in gingival tissues previously inflamed would be similar to that found in gingival tissues without clinical inflammation in the period studied. Laser capture microdissection was performed to isolate epithelial and connective gingival tissues. The groups were comprised by ten patients without history of periodontitis and absence of clinical signs of inflammation in the gingiva during the study (healthy group) and ten patients with history of periodontitis, presenting inflammation in the gingival tissue at the first examination of the study (controlled chronic periodontitis group). The gingival biopsies from the controlled chronic periodontitis group were collected after controlling the inflammation. DNA methylation patterns were analyzed using methylation-specific high-resolution melting and combined bisulfite restriction analysis. DNA methylation levels for SOCS1 and SOCS3 did not differ between groups or tissues; likewise, no differences were observed in total LINE-1 methylation or at specific loci. At 3 months following control of inflammation in gingival tissues, the methylation profile of SOCS1, SOCS3, and LINE-1 is similar between connective and epithelial tissues from patients that were previously affected or not by chronic inflammation. Clinical results of a successful treatment are observed after inflammation control and the molecular findings illustrate local and general methylation patterns in recovering tissues toward health conditions and might help to understand events that are occurring in oral cells.

The periodontal complex is essential for tooth attachment and function and includes the mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone, separated by the unmineralized periodontal ligament (PDL). To gain insights into factors regulating cementum-PDL and bone-PDL borders and protecting against ectopic calcification within the PDL, we employed a proteomic approach to analyze PDL tissue from progressive ankylosis knock-out ( Ank −/− ) mice, featuring reduced PP i , rapid cementogenesis, and excessive acellular cementum. Using this approach, we identified the matrix protein osteopontin ( Spp1 /OPN) as an elevated factor of interest in Ank −/− mouse molar PDL. We studied the role of OPN in dental and periodontal development and function. During tooth development in wild-type (WT) mice, Spp1 mRNA was transiently expressed by cementoblasts and strongly by alveolar bone osteoblasts. Developmental analysis from 14 to 240 days postnatal (dpn) indicated normal histological structures in Spp1 −/− comparable to WT control mice. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 30 and 90 dpn revealed significantly increased volumes and tissue mineral densities of Spp1 −/− mouse dentin and alveolar bone, while pulp and PDL volumes were decreased and tissue densities were increased. However, acellular cementum growth was unaltered in Spp1 −/− mice. Quantitative PCR of periodontal-derived mRNA failed to identify potential local compensators influencing cementum in Spp1 −/− vs. WT mice at 26 dpn. We genetically deleted Spp1 on the Ank −/− mouse background to determine whether increased Spp1 /OPN was regulating periodontal tissues when the PDL space is challenged by hypercementosis in Ank −/− mice. Ank −/− ; Spp1 −/− double deficient mice did not exhibit greater hypercementosis than that in Ank −/− mice. Based on these data, we conclude that OPN has a non-redundant role regulating formation and mineralization of dentin and bone, influences tissue properties of PDL and pulp, but does not control acellular cementum apposition. These findings may inform therapies targeted at controlling soft tissue calcification.

The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at ßN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1.173 autors/es: X. Litaudon35, S. Abduallev39, M. Abhangi46, P. Abreu53, M. Afzal7, K.M. Aggarwal29, T. Ahlgren101, J.H. Ahn8, L. Aho-Mantila112, N. Aiba69, M. Airila112, R. Albanese105, V. Aldred7, D. Alegre93, E. Alessi45, P. Aleynikov55, A. Alfier12, A. Alkseev72, M. Allinson7, B. Alper7, E. Alves53, G. Ambrosino105, R. Ambrosino106, L. Amicucci90, V. Amosov88, E. Andersson Sundén22, M. Angelone90, M. Anghel85, C. Angioni62, L. Appel7, C. Appelbee7, P. Arena30, M. Ariola106, H. Arnichand8, S. Arshad41, A. Ash7, N. Ashikawa68, V. Aslanyan64, O. Asunta1, F. Auriemma12, Y. Austin7, L. Avotina103, M.D. Axton7, C. Ayres7, M. Bacharis24, A. Baciero57, D. Baião53, S. Bailey7, A. Baker7, I. Balboa7, M. Balden62, N. Balshaw7, R. Bament7, J.W. Banks7, Y.F. Baranov7, M.A. Barnard7, D. Barnes7, M. Barnes27, R. Barnsley55, A. Baron Wiechec7, L. Barrera Orte34, M. Baruzzo12, V. Basiuk8, M. Bassan55, R. Bastow7, A. Batista53, P. Batistoni90, R. Baughan7, B. Bauvir55, L. Baylor73, B. Bazylev56, J. Beal110, P.S. Beaumont7, M. Beckers39, B. Beckett7, A. Becoulet8, N. Bekris35, M. Beldishevski7, K. Bell7, F. Belli90, M. Bellinger7, É. Belonohy62, N. Ben Ayed7, N.A. Benterman7, H. Bergsåker42, J. Bernardo53, M. Bernert62, M. Berry7, L. Bertalot55, C. Besliu7, M. Beurskens63, B. Bieg61, J. Bielecki47, T. Biewer73, M. Bigi12, P. Bílková50, F. Binda22, A. Bisoffi31, J.P.S. Bizarro53, C. Björkas101, J. Blackburn7, K. Blackman7, T.R. Blackman7, P. Blanchard33, P. Blatchford7, V. Bobkov62, A. Boboc7, G. Bodnár113, O. Bogar18, I. Bolshakova60, T. Bolzonella12, N. Bonanomi97, F. Bonelli56, J. Boom62, J. Booth7, D. Borba35,53, D. Borodin39, I. Borodkina39, A. Botrugno90, C. Bottereau8, P. Boulting7, C. Bourdelle8, M. Bowden7, C. Bower7, C. Bowman110, T. Boyce7, C. Boyd7, H.J. Boyer7, J.M.A. Bradshaw7, V. Braic87, R. Bravanec40, B. Breizman107, S. Bremond8, P.D. Brennan7, S. Breton8, A. Brett7, S. Brezinsek39, M.D.J. Bright7, M. Brix7, W. Broeckx78, M. Brombin12, A. Brosławski65, D.P.D. Brown7, M. Brown7, E. Bruno55, J. Bucalossi8, J. Buch46, J. Buchanan7, M.A. Buckley7, R. Budny76, H. Bufferand8, M. Bulman7, N. Bulmer7, P. Bunting7, P. Buratti90, A. Burckhart62, A. Buscarino30, A. Busse7, N.K. Butler7, I. Bykov42, J. Byrne7, P. Cahyna50, G. Calabrò90, I. Calvo57, Y. Camenen4, P. Camp7, D.C. Campling7, J. Cane7, B. Cannas17, A.J. Capel7, P.J. Card7, A. Cardinali90, P. Carman7, M. Carr7, D. Carralero62, L. Carraro12, B.B. Carvalho53, I. Carvalho53, P. Carvalho53, F.J. Casson7, C. Castaldo90, N. Catarino53, J. Caumont7, F. Causa90, R. Cavazzana12, K. Cave-Ayland7, M. Cavinato12, M. Cecconello22, S. Ceccuzzi90, E. Cecil76, A. Cenedese12, R. Cesario90, C.D. Challis7, M. Chandler7, D. Chandra46, C.S. Chang76, A. Chankin62, I.T. Chapman7, S.C. Chapman28, M. Chernyshova49, G. Chitarin12, G. Ciraolo8, D. Ciric7, J. Citrin38, F. Clairet8, E. Clark7, M. Clark7, R. Clarkson7, D. Clatworthy7, C. Clements7, M. Cleverly7, J.P. Coad7, P.A. Coates7, A. Cobalt7, V. Coccorese105, V. Cocilovo90, S. Coda33, R. Coelho53, J.W. Coenen39, I. Coffey29, L. Colas8, S. Collins7, D. Conka103, S. Conroy22, N. Conway7, D. Coombs7, D. Cooper7, S.R. Cooper7, C. Corradino30, Y. Corre8, G. Corrigan7, S. Cortes53, D. Coster62, A.S. Couchman7, M.P. Cox7, T. Craciunescu86, S. Cramp7, R. Craven7, F. Crisanti90, G. Croci97, D. Croft7, K. Crombé15, R. Crowe7, N. Cruz53, G. Cseh113, A. Cufar81, A. Cullen7, M. Curuia85, A. Czarnecka49, H. Dabirikhah7, P. Dalgliesh7, S. Dalley7, J. Dankowski47, D. Darrow76, O. Davies7, W. Davis55,76, C. Day56, I.E. Day7, M. De Bock55, A. de Castro57, E. de la Cal57, E. de la Luna57, G. De Masi12, J. L. de Pablos57, G. De Temmerman55, G. De Tommasi105, P. de Vries55, K. Deakin7, J. Deane7, F. Degli Agostini12, R. Dejarnac50, E. Delabie73, N. den Harder38, R.O. Dendy7, J. Denis8, P. Denner39, S. Devaux62,104, P. Devynck8, F. Di Maio55, A. Di Siena62, C. Di Troia90, P. Dinca86, R. D’Inca62, B. Ding51, T. Dittmar39, H. Doerk62, R.P. Doerner9, T. Donné34, S.E. Dorling7, S. Dormido-Canto93, S. Doswon7, D. Douai8, P.T. Doyle7, A. Drenik62,81, P. Drewelow63, P. Drews39, Ph. Duckworth55, R. Dumont8, P. Dumortier58, D. Dunai113, M. Dunne62, I. Ďuran50, F. Durodié58, P. Dutta46, B. P. Duval33, R. Dux62, K. Dylst78, N. Dzysiuk22, P.V. Edappala46, J. Edmond7, A.M. Edwards7, J. Edwards7, Th. Eich62, A. Ekedahl8, R. El-Jorf7, C.G. Elsmore7, M. Enachescu84, G. Ericsson22, F. Eriksson16, J. Eriksson22, L.G. Eriksson36, B. Esposito90, S. Esquembri94, H.G. Esser39, D. Esteve8, B. Evans7, G.E. Evans7, G. Evison7, G.D. Ewart7, D. Fagan7, M. Faitsch62, D. Falie86, A. Fanni17, A. Fasoli33, J. M. Faustin33, N. Fawlk7, L. Fazendeiro53, N. Fedorczak8, R.C. Felton7, K. Fenton7, A. Fernades53, H. Fernandes53, J. Ferreira53, J.A. Fessey7, O. Février8, O. Ficker50, A. Field7, S. Fietz62, A. Figueiredo53, J. Figueiredo53,35, A. Fil8, P. Finburg7, M. Firdaouss8, U. Fischer56, L. Fittill7, M. Fitzgerald7, D. Flammini90, J. Flanagan7, C. Fleming7, K. Flinders7, N. Fonnesu90, J. M. Fontdecaba57, A. Formisano79, L. Forsythe7, L. Fortuna30, E. Fortuna-Zalesna19, M. Fortune7, S. Foster7, T. Franke34, T. Franklin7, M. Frasca30, L. Frassinetti42, M. Freisinger39, R. Fresa98, D. Frigione90, V. Fuchs50, D. Fuller35, S. Futatani6, J. Fyvie7, K. Gál34,62, D. Galassi2, K. Gałązka49, J. Galdon-Quiroga92, J. Gallagher7, D. Gallart6, R. Galvão10, X. Gao51, Y. Gao39, J. Garcia8, A. Garcia-Carrasco42, M. García-Muñoz92, J.-L. Gardarein3, L. Garzotti7, P. Gaudio95, E. Gauthier8, D.F. Gear7, S.J. Gee7, B. Geiger62, M. Gelfusa95, S. Gerasimov7, G. Gervasini45, M. Gethins7, Z. Ghani7, M. Ghate46, M. Gherendi86, J.C. Giacalone8, L. Giacomelli45, C.S. Gibson7, T. Giegerich56, C. Gil8, L. Gil53, S. Gilligan7, D. Gin54, E. Giovannozzi90, J.B. Girardo8, C. Giroud7, G. Giruzzi8, S. Glöggler62, J. Godwin7, J. Goff7, P. Gohil43, V. Goloborod’ko102, R. Gomes53, B. Gonçalves53, M. Goniche8, M. Goodliffe7, A. Goodyear7, G. Gorini97, M. Gosk65, R. Goulding76, A. Goussarov78, R. Gowland7, B. Graham7, M.E. Graham7, J. P. Graves33, N. Grazier7, P. Grazier7, N.R. Green7, H. Greuner62, B. Grierson76, F.S. Griph7, C. Grisolia8, D. Grist7, M. Groth1, R. Grove73, C.N. Grundy7, J. Grzonka19, D. Guard7, C. Guérard34, C. Guillemaut8,53, R. Guirlet8, C. Gurl7, H.H. Utoh69, L.J. Hackett7, S. Hacquin8,35, A. Hagar7, R. Hager76, A. Hakola112, M. Halitovs103, S.J. Hall7, S.P. Hallworth Cook7, C. Hamlyn-Harris7, K. Hammond7, C. Harrington7, J. Harrison7, D. Harting7, F. Hasenbeck39, Y. Hatano108, D.R. Hatch107, T.D.V. Haupt7, J. Hawes7, N.C. Hawkes7, J. Hawkins7, P. Hawkins7, P.W. Haydon7, N. Hayter7, S. Hazel7, P.J.L. Heesterman7, K. Heinola101, C. Hellesen22, T. Hellsten42, W. Helou8, O.N. Hemming7, T.C. Hender7, M. Henderson55, S.S. Henderson21, R. Henriques53, D. Hepple7, G. Hermon7, P. Hertout8, C. Hidalgo57, E.G. Highcock27, M. Hill7, J. Hillairet8, J. Hillesheim7, D. Hillis73, K. Hizanidis70, A. Hjalmarsson22, J. Hobirk62, E. Hodille8, C.H.A. Hogben7, G.M.D. Hogeweij38, A. Hollingsworth7, S. Hollis7, D.A. Homfray7, J. Horáček50, G. Hornung15, A.R. Horton7, L.D. Horton36, L. Horvath110, S.P. Hotchin7, M.R. Hough7, P.J. Howarth7, A. Hubbard64, A. Huber39, V. Huber39, T.M. Huddleston7, M. Hughes7, G.T.A. Huijsmans55, C.L. Hunter7, P. Huynh8, A.M. Hynes7, D. Iglesias7, N. Imazawa69, F. Imbeaux8, M. Imríšek50, M. Incelli109, P. Innocente12, M. Irishkin8, I. Ivanova-Stanik49, S. Jachmich58,35, A.S. Jacobsen83, P. Jacquet7, J. Jansons103, A. Jardin8, A. Järvinen1, F. Jaulmes38, S. Jednoróg49, I. Jenkins7, C. Jeong20, I. Jepu86, E. Joffrin8, R. Johnson7, T. Johnson42, Jane Johnston7, L. Joita7, G. Jones7, T.T.C. Jones7, K.K. Hoshino69, A. Kallenbach62, K. Kamiya69, J. Kaniewski7, A. Kantor7, A. Kappatou62, J. Karhunen1, D. Karkinsky7, I. Karnowska7, M. Kaufman73, G. Kaveney7, Y. Kazakov58, V. Kazantzidis70, D.L. Keeling7, T. Keenan7, J. Keep7, M. Kempenaars7, C. Kennedy7, D. Kenny7, J. Kent7, O.N. Kent7, E. Khilkevich54, H.T. Kim35, H.S. Kim80, A. Kinch7, C. king7, D. King7, R.F. King7, D.J. Kinna7, V. Kiptily7, A. Kirk7, K. Kirov7, A. Kirschner39, G. Kizane103, C. Klepper73, A. Klix56, P. Knight7, S.J. Knipe7, S. Knott96, T. Kobuchi69, F. Köchl111, G. Kocsis113, I. Kodeli81, L. Kogan7, D. Kogut8, S. Koivuranta112, Y. Kominis70, M. Köppen39, B. Kos81, T. Koskela1, H.R. Koslowski39, M. Koubiti4, M. Kovari7, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk49, A. Krasilnikov88, V. Krasilnikov88, N. Krawczyk49, M. Kresina8, K. Krieger62, A. Krivska58, U. Kruezi7, I. Książek48, A. Kukushkin72, A. Kundu46, T. Kurki-Suonio1, S. Kwak20, R. Kwiatkowski65, O.J. Kwon13, L. Laguardia45, A. Lahtinen101, A. Laing7, N. Lam7, H.T. Lambertz39, C. Lane7, P.T. Lang62, S. Lanthaler33, J. Lapins103, A. Lasa101, J.R. Last7, E. Łaszyńska49, R. Lawless7, A. Lawson7, K.D. Lawson7, A. Lazaros70, E. Lazzaro45, J. Leddy110, S. Lee66, X. Lefebvre7, H.J. Leggate32, J. Lehmann7, M. Lehnen55, D. Leichtle41, P. Leichuer7, F. Leipold55,83, I. Lengar81, M. Lennholm36, E. Lerche58, A. Lescinskis103, S. Lesnoj7, E. Letellier7, M. Leyland110, W. Leysen78, L. Li39, Y. Liang39, J. Likonen112, J. Linke39, Ch. Linsmeier39, B. Lipschultz110, G. Liu55, Y. Liu51, V.P. Lo Schiavo105, T. Loarer8, A. Loarte55, R.C. Lobel7, B. Lomanowski1, P.J. Lomas7, J. Lönnroth1,35, J. M. López94, J. López-Razola57, R. Lorenzini12, U. Losada57, J.J. Lovell7, A.B. Loving7, C. Lowry36, T. Luce43, R.M.A. Lucock7, A. Lukin74, C. Luna5, M. Lungaroni95, C.P. Lungu86, M. Lungu86, A. Lunniss110, I. Lupelli7, A. Lyssoivan58, N. Macdonald7, P. Macheta7, K. Maczewa7, B. Magesh46, P. Maget8, C. Maggi7, H. Maier62, J. Mailloux7, T. Makkonen1, R. Makwana46, A. Malaquias53, A. Malizia95, P. Manas4, A. Manning7, M.E. Manso53, P. Mantica45, M. Mantsinen6, A. Manzanares91, Ph. Maquet55, Y. Marandet4, N. Marcenko88, C. Marchetto45, O. Marchuk39, M. Marinelli95, M. Marinucci90, T. Markovič50, D. Marocco90, L. Marot26, C.A. Marren7, R. Marshal7, A. Martin7, Y. Martin33, A. Martín de Aguilera57, F.J. Martínez93, J. R. Martín-Solís14, Y. Martynova39, S. Maruyama55, A. Masiello12, M. Maslov7, S. Matejcik18, M. Mattei79, G.F. Matthews7, F. Maviglia11, M. Mayer62, M.L. Mayoral34, T. May-Smith7, D. Mazon8, C. Mazzotta90, R. McAdams7, P.J. McCarthy96, K.G. McClements7, O. McCormack12, P.A. McCullen7, D. McDonald34, S. McIntosh7, R. McKean7, J. McKehon7, R.C. Meadows7, A. Meakins7, F. Medina57, M. Medland7, S. Medley7, S. Meigh7, A.G. Meigs7, G. Meisl62, S. Meitner73, L. Meneses53, S. Menmuir7,42, K. Mergia71, I.R. Merrigan7, Ph. Mertens39, S. Meshchaninov88, A. Messiaen58, H. Meyer7, S. Mianowski65, R. Michling55, D. Middleton-Gear7, J. Miettunen1, F. Militello7, E. Militello-Asp7, G. Miloshevsky77, F. Mink62, S. Minucci105, Y. Miyoshi69, J. Mlynář50, D. Molina8, I. Monakhov7, M. Moneti109, R. Mooney7, S. Moradi37, S. Mordijck43, L. Moreira7, R. Moreno57, F. Moro90, A.W. Morris7, J. Morris7, L. Moser26, S. Mosher73, D. Moulton7,1, A. Murari12,35, A. Muraro45, S. Murphy7, N.N. Asakura69, Y.S. Na80, F. Nabais53, R. Naish7, T. Nakano69, E. Nardon8, V. Naulin83, M.F.F. Nave53, I. Nedzelski53, G. Nemtsev88, F. Nespoli33, A. Neto41, R. Neu62, V.S. Neverov72, M. Newman7, K.J. Nicholls7, T. Nicolas33, A.H. Nielsen83, P. Nielsen12, E. Nilsson8, D. Nishijima99, C. Noble7, M. Nocente97, D. Nodwell7, K. Nordlund101, H. Nordman16, R. Nouailletas8, I. Nunes53, M. Oberkofler62, T. Odupitan7, M.T. Ogawa69, T. O’Gorman7, M. Okabayashi76, R. Olney7, O. Omolayo7, M. O’Mullane21, J. Ongena58, F. Orsitto11, J. Orszagh18, B.I. Oswuigwe7, R. Otin7, A. Owen7, R. Paccagnella12, N. Pace7, D. Pacella90, L.W. Packer7, A. Page7, E. Pajuste103, S. Palazzo30, S. Pamela7, S. Panja46, P. Papp18, R. Paprok50, V. Parail7, M. Park66, F. Parra Diaz27, M. Parsons73, R. Pasqualotto12, A. Patel7, S. Pathak46, D. Paton7, H. Patten33, A. Pau17, E. Pawelec48, C. Paz Soldan43, A. Peackoc36, I.J. Pearson7, S.-P. Pehkonen112, E. Peluso95, C. Penot55, A. Pereira57, R. Pereira53, P.P. Pereira Puglia7, C. Perez von Thun35,39, S. Peruzzo12, S. Peschanyi56, M. Peterka50, P. Petersson42, G. Petravich113, A. Petre84, N. Petrella7, V. Petržilka50, Y. Peysson8, D. Pfefferlé33, V. Philipps39, M. Pillon90, G. Pintsuk39, P. Piovesan12, A. Pires dos Reis52, L. Piron7, A. Pironti105, F. Pisano17, R. Pitts55, F. Pizzo79, V. Plyusnin53, N. Pomaro12, O.G. Pompilian86, P.J. Pool7, S. Popovichev7, M.T. Porfiri90, C. Porosnicu86, M. Porton7, G. Possnert22, S. Potzel62, T. Powell7, J. Pozzi7, V. Prajapati46, R. Prakash46, G. Prestopino95, D. Price7, M. Price7, R. Price7, P. Prior7, R. Proudfoot7, G. Pucella90, P. Puglia52, M.E. Puiatti12, D. Pulley7, K. Purahoo7, Th. Pütterich62, E. Rachlew25, M. Rack39, R. Ragona58, M.S.J. Rainford7, A. Rakha6, G. Ramogida90, S. Ranjan46, C.J. Rapson62, J.J. Rasmussen83, K. Rathod46, G. Rattá57, S. Ratynskaia82, G. Ravera90, C. Rayner7, M. Rebai97, D. Reece7, A. Reed7, D. Réfy113, B. Regan7, J. Regaña34, M. Reich62, N. Reid7, F. Reimold39, M. Reinhart34, M. Reinke110,73, D. Reiser39, D. Rendell7, C. Reux8, S.D.A. Reyes Cortes53, S. Reynolds7, V. Riccardo7, N. Richardson7, K. Riddle7, D. Rigamonti97, F.G. Rimini7, J. Risner73, M. Riva90, C. Roach7, R.J. Robins7, S.A. Robinson7, T. Robinson7, D.W. Robson7, R. Roccella55, R. Rodionov88, P. Rodrigues53, J. Rodriguez7, V. Rohde62, F. Romanelli90, M. Romanelli7, S. Romanelli7, J. Romazanov39, S. Rowe7, M. Rubel42, G. Rubinacci105, G. Rubino12, L. Ruchko52, M. Ruiz94, C. Ruset86, J. Rzadkiewicz65, S. Saarelma7, R. Sabot8, E. Safi101, P. Sagar7, G. Saibene41, F. Saint-Laurent8, M. Salewski83, A. Salmi112, R. Salmon7, F. Salzedas53, D. Samaddar7, U. Samm39, D. Sandiford7, P. Santa46, M.I.K. Santala1, B. Santos53, A. Santucci90, F. Sartori41, R. Sartori41, O. Sauter33, R. Scannell7, T. Schlummer39, K. Schmid62, V. Schmidt12, S. Schmuck7, M. Schneider8, K. Schöpf102, D. Schwörer32, S.D. Scott76, G. Sergienko39, M. Sertoli62, A. Shabbir15, S.E. Sharapov7, A. Shaw7, R. Shaw7, H. Sheikh7, A. Shepherd7, A. Shevelev54, A. Shumack38, G. Sias17, M. Sibbald7, B. Sieglin62, S. Silburn7, A. Silva53, C. Silva53, P.A. Simmons7, J. Simpson7, J. Simpson-Hutchinson7, A. Sinha46, S.K. Sipilä1, A.C.C. Sips36, P. Sirén112, A. Sirinelli55, H. Sjöstrand22, M. Skiba22, R. Skilton7, K. Slabkowska49, B. Slade7, N. Smith7, P.G. Smith7, R. Smith7, T.J. Smith7, M. Smithies110, L. Snoj81, S. Soare85, E. R. Solano35,57, A. Somers32, C. Sommariva8, P. Sonato12, A. Sopplesa12, J. Sousa53, C. Sozzi45, S. Spagnolo12, T. Spelzini7, F. Spineanu86, G. Stables7, I. Stamatelatos71, M.F. Stamp7, P. Staniec7, G. Stankūnas59, C. Stan-Sion84, M.J. Stead7, E. Stefanikova42, I. Stepanov58, A.V. Stephen7, M. Stephen46, A. Stevens7, B.D. Stevens7, J. Strachan76, P. Strand16, H.R. Strauss44, P. Ström42, G. Stubbs7, W. Studholme7, F. Subba75, H.P. Summers21, J. Svensson63, Ł. Świderski65, T. Szabolics113, M. Szawlowski49, G. Szepesi7, T.T. Suzuki69, B. Tál113, T. Tala112, A.R. Talbot7, S. Talebzadeh95, C. Taliercio12, P. Tamain8, C. Tame7, W. Tang76, M. Tardocchi45, L. Taroni12, D. Taylor7, K.A. Taylor7, D. Tegnered16, G. Telesca15, N. Teplova54, D. Terranova12, D. Testa33, E. Tholerus42, J. Thomas7, J.D. Thomas7, P. Thomas55, A. Thompson7, C.-A. Thompson7, V.K. Thompson7, L. Thorne7, A. Thornton7, A.S. Thrysøe83, P.A. Tigwell7, N. Tipton7, I. Tiseanu86, H. Tojo69, M. Tokitani67, P. Tolias82, M. Tomeš50, P. Tonner7, M. Towndrow7, P. Trimble7, M. Tripsky58, M. Tsalas38, P. Tsavalas71, D. Tskhakaya jun102, I. Turner7, M.M. Turner32, M. Turnyanskiy34, G. Tvalashvili7, S.G.J. Tyrrell7, A. Uccello45, Z. Ul-Abidin7, J. Uljanovs1, D. Ulyatt7, H. Urano69, I. Uytdenhouwen78, A.P. Vadgama7, D. Valcarcel7, M. Valentinuzzi8, M. Valisa12, P. Vallejos Olivares42, M. Valovic7, M. Van De Mortel7, D. Van Eester58, W. Van Renterghem78, G.J. van Rooij38, J. Varje1, S. Varoutis56, S. Vartanian8, K. Vasava46, T. Vasilopoulou71, J. Vega57, G. Verdoolaege58, R. Verhoeven7, C. Verona95, G. Verona Rinati95, E. Veshchev55, N. Vianello45, J. Vicente53, E. Viezzer62,92, S. Villari90, F. Villone100, P. Vincenzi12, I. Vinyar74, B. Viola90, A. Vitins103, Z. Vizvary7, M. Vlad86, I. Voitsekhovitch34, P. Vondráček50, N. Vora7, T. Vu8, W.W. Pires de Sa52, B. Wakeling7, C.W.F. Waldon7, N. Walkden7, M. Walker7, R. Walker7, M. Walsh55, E. Wang39, N. Wang39, S. Warder7, R.J. Warren7, J. Waterhouse7, N.W. Watkins28, C. Watts55, T. Wauters58, A. Weckmann42, J. Weiland23, H. Weisen33, M. Weiszflog22, C. Wellstood7, A.T. West7, M.R. Wheatley7, S. Whetham7, A.M. Whitehead7, B.D. Whitehead7, A.M. Widdowson7, S. Wiesen39, J. Wilkinson7, J. Williams7, M. Williams7, A.R. Wilson7, D.J. Wilson7, H.R. Wilson110, J. Wilson7, M. Wischmeier62, G. Withenshaw7, A. Withycombe7, D.M. Witts7, D. Wood7, R. Wood7, C. Woodley7, S. Wray7, J. Wright7, J.C. Wright64, J. Wu89, S. Wukitch64, A. Wynn110, T. Xu7, D. Yadikin16, W. Yanling39, L. Yao89, V. Yavorskij102, M.G. Yoo80, C. Young7, D. Young7, I.D. Young7, R. Young7, J. Zacks7, R. Zagorski49, F.S. Zaitsev18, R. Zanino75, A. Zarins103, K.D. Zastrow7, M. Zerbini90, W. Zhang62, Y. Zhou42, E. Zilli12, V. Zoita86, S. Zoletnik113, I. Zychor65 and JET Contributorsa // EUROfusion Consortium JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 1 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland / 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France / 3 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France / 4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France / 5 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America / 6 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain / 7 CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 8 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 9 Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America / 10 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud, 160, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22290-180, Brazil / 11 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 12 Consorzio RFX, corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy / 13 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea / 14 Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain / 15 Department of Applied Physics UG (Ghent University) St-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium / 16 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 17 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy / 18 Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia / 19 Department of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PL-01-152 Warsaw, Poland / 20 Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea / 21 Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, United Kingdom / 22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden / 23 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 24 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom / 25 Department of Physics, SCI, KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden / 26 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland / 27 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom / 28 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom / 29 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom / 30 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy / 31 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy / 32 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland / 33 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland / 34 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany / 35 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 36 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium / 37 Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, ULB—Campus Plaine—CP 231 Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium / 38 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands / 39 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany / 40 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America / 41 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain / 42 Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden / 43 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America / 44 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America / 45 IFP-CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy / 46 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, Gujarat State, India / 47 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland / 48 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland / 49 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland / 50 Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia / 51 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China / 52 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187 CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil / 53 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal / 54 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation / 55 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 56 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany / 57 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain / 58 Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium / 59 Lithuanian energy institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania / 60 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine / 61 Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland / 62 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany / 63 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany / 64 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Centre, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America / 65 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland / 66 National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea / 67 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan / 68 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan / 69 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan / 70 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece / 71 NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece / 72 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation / 73 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America / 74 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation / 75 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy / 76 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America / 77 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America / 78 SCK-CEN, Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium / 79 Second University of Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 80 Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea / 81 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia / 82 Space and Plasma Physics, EES, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden / 83 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark / 84 The ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 85 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania / 86 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 87 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 88 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation / 89 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China / 90 Unità Tecnica Fusione, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy / 91 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain / 92 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain / 93 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain / 94 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain / 95 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy / 96 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland / 97 University Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy / 98 University of Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 99 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America / 100 University of Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 101 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland / 102 University of Innsbruck, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Innsbruck, Austria / 103 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia / 104 University of Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7198, YIJL, Nancy, France / 105 University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 106 University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 107 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America / 108 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan / 109 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy / 110 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom / 111 Vienna University of Technology, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria / 112 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland / 113 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary

This paper describes the design and performance checks of the NPL axial heat flow apparatus developed at the National Physical Laboratory for measurement of thermal conductivity. This apparatus is based on an absolute steady-state technique and is suitable for measuring specimens with thermal conductivities in the range from $$10\,\hbox {W}{\cdot }\hbox {m}^{-1}{\cdot } \hbox {K}^{-1}$$ to $$240\,\hbox {W}{\cdot } \hbox {m}^{-1}{\cdot } \hbox {K}^{-1}$$ and at temperatures between $$50\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ and $$500\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ . A uniform heat flow is induced in a cylindrical bar-shaped specimen that is firmly clamped between a guarded heater unit at the top and a water-cooled base. Heat is supplied at a known rate at the top end of the specimen by the heater unit and constrained to flow axially through the specimen by a surrounding edge-guard system, which is closely matched to the temperature gradient within the test specimen. The performance of this apparatus has been checked against existing NPL thermal-conductivity reference materials NPL 2S89 (based on Stainless Steel 310) and BSC Pure Iron (pure iron supplied by the British Steel Corporation with 99.96 % purity). The measured data produced by the newly designed NPL axial heat flow apparatus agree with the reference data for NPL 2S89 within 2 % and with that of BSC Pure Iron to within 3 % at temperatures from $$50\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ to $$500\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ . This apparatus is being used to provide accurate measurements to industrial and academic organizations and has also been used to develop a new range of NPL reference materials for checking other experimental techniques and procedures for thermal-conductivity measurements.

Whole body vibration (WBV) can be an important tool to treat patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to systematically review published research concerning the use of WBV in people with OA. In PubMed and Scopus, the number of publications (NP) is respectively to the keywords arthrosis, 289,586 and 10,569, osteoarthrosis, 299,158 and 3,952, arthritis, 251,453 and 236,849 and osteoarthritis, 56,323 and 80,008. Putting together the information found in the analyzed 4 papers, the numbers of subjects were ranging from 15 to 52 and frequencies ranging from 24 to 40 Hz. Self-report of the status of disease (WOMAC) was used in 2 papers, while the pain levels were evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) in 2 papers. Different tests were used in these studies, as (i) TUG, (ii) step test, (iii) 20-meter walk test, (iv) timed get up and go test (TGUG), (v) chair stand test (CST), (vi) 6-minute walk test (6MWT), (vii) knee muscle strength (extension/flexion) and (viii) proprioception (threshold for detection of passive movement (TDPM) to evaluate the effects promoted by the exercises due to the WBV. In conclusion, these studies indicate that the WBV could bring some benefits to patients with OA. Key words: Osteoarthrosis, arthrosis, arthritis, PubMed, Scopus, whole body vibration, oscillating/vibratory platform.

This paper describes the current understanding of the issues behind high-frame-rate television and recent work at the British Broadcasting Corporation, which has provided an insight into the advantages of moving to frame rates of 100 frames/sec or higher and of the problems of frame-rate down-conversions from 120 to 50 frames/sec. To enable this work, it was necessary to devise display and playout systems capable of supporting frame rates of up to 150 frames/sec and to capture a range of suitable test material. This work is also described. Conclusions are drawn about the significant advantages, even at high-definition resolutions, of moving to higher frame rates.

African American and Hispanic older adults are underrepresented in assisted living communities, so little is known about how they experience social relationships in these settings. The purpose of the study was to explore resident-to-resident and resident-to-staff relationships experienced and perceived by African American and Hispanic older residents in assisted living settings. In-depth interviews with 15 African American and 15 Hispanic older adults were conducted in seven assisted living communities in Central Florida. Three salient themes emerged using a grounded theory approach: formation of relationships: emotional vs. instrumental support; language as a facilitator or barrier; and avoidance of inter-racial relationships. Implications for providing culturally competent services in assisted living communities with diverse populations are discussed.

There is an emerging trend toward the fabrication of microcapsules at liquid interfaces. In order to control the parameters of such capsules, the interfacial processes governing their formation must be understood. Here, poly(vinyl alcohol) films are assembled at the interface of water-in-oil microfluidic droplets. The polymer is cross-linked using cucurbit[8]uril ternary supramolecular complexes. It is shown that compression-induced phase change causes the onset of buckling in the interfacial film. On evaporative compression, the interfacial film both increases in density and thickens, until it reaches a critical density and a phase change occurs. We show that this increase in density can be simply related to the film Poisson ratio and area compression. This description captures fundamentals of many compressive interfacial phase changes and can also explain the observation of a fixed thickness-to-radius ratio at buckling, [Formula: see text].

EEF1D (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1δ) is a subunit of the elongation factor 1 complex of proteins that mediates the elongation process during protein synthesis via enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl-tRNAs to the ribosome. Although the functions of EEF1D in the translation process are recognized, EEF1D expression was found to be unbalanced in tumours. In the present study, we demonstrate the overexpression of EEF1D in OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma), and revealed that EEF1D and protein interaction partners promote the activation of cyclin D1 and vimentin proteins. EEF1D knockdown in OSCC reduced cell proliferation and induced EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition) phenotypes, including cell invasion. Taken together, these results define EEF1D as a critical inducer of OSCC proliferation and EMT.

It has been suggested that there are histological and functional distinctions between the periodontal ligament (PDL) of deciduous (DecPDL) and permanent (PermPDL) teeth. Thus, we hypothesized that DecPDL and PermPDL display differences in the constitutive expression of genes/proteins involved with PDL homeostasis. Primary PDL cell cultures were obtained for DecPDL (n = 3) and PermPDL (n = 3) to allow us to perform label-free quantitative secretome analysis. Although a highly similar profile was found between DecPDL and PermPDL cells, comparative secretome analysis evidenced that one of the most stickling differences involved cell adhesion molecules, including laminin subunit gamma 1 (LAMC1) and beta 2 (LAMB2). Next, total RNA and protein extracts were obtained from fresh PDL tissues of deciduous (n = 6) and permanent (n = 6) teeth, and Western blotting and qPCR analysis were used to validate our in vitro findings. Western blot analysis confirmed that LAMC1 was increased in DecPDL fresh tissues (p

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a single session of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on the physical performance of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in 3 tests designed to simulate activities of daily living (ADLs). Fifteen individuals with symptomatic knee OA completed the Timed-Up-and-Go Test, step test, 20-m walk test, and visual analog scale (VAS) recordings of knee pain intensity. A main effect was detected for time to complete the step test (F[2,28] = 6.243, p = 0.006, (Equation is included in full-text article.)). Post hoc analyses revealed that the time to complete the step test at 5 minutes after WBVT improved significantly (p = 0.042) from that of the pretest. A moderate correlation (r = 0.465, p = 0.001) was found between the VAS scores and the time to complete the step test across all trials. A main effect was found for time to complete the walk test (F[2,28] = 4.370, p = 0.022, (Equation is included in full-text article.)). Post hoc analyses did not indicate significant improvements from pretest seen at 5 minutes after WBVT (p = 0.110) and 1 hour after WBVT (p = 0.224). The WBVT was well tolerated in nearly all the participants, and we observed that an acute bout of WBVT was effective in improving the ability of individuals with knee OA to perform a step test and 20-m walk test. Our findings suggest that WBVT may be an effective nonpharmacologic modality to treat some knee OA symptoms and improve ADLs.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the impact of standard methods for processing decalcified highly mineralized tissues on RNA yield and quality from microdissected samples. DESIGN Rat mandibles were fixed with either formalin-based or ethanol-based fixatives, decalcified in 20% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution for 15 days, and embedded in paraffin. Transversal sections of the molars were mounted on membrane glass slides for laser capture microdissection. Unfixed frozen liver samples were used as controls to determine the impact of fixatives, decalcification and paraffin embedding on RNA integrity and recovery after sample preparation, and laser microdissection. Total RNA was obtained from periodontal ligament and fresh-frozen liver; RNA quality was assessed by Bioanalyzer, and 5 ng of total RNA was used for cDNA synthesis followed by gene expression analyses by polymerase chain reaction using 3 sets of primers for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. RESULTS Data analysis demonstrated that all fixed samples presented some level of RNA fragmentation as compared with fresh-frozen samples (P