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The objective of this paper is to determine the influence of vehicular interaction on passenger car unit (PCU) values. The capacity of vehicles under homogeneous and heterogeneous traffic conditions was studied. The capacity of cars for a two-lane road under homogeneous stream was found to be 3920 vehicles/h and under heterogeneous stream it was 3645 vehicles/h. The limitation of the PCU values defined in the Highway Capacity Manual is explained. The results of the present study showed that for buses, sports utility vehicles and motorcycles, the PCU values, expressed as a function of volume-to-capacity ratio, varied from 1·4 to 3·3, 1·2 to 2·25 and 0·25 to 1·3, respectively. The PCU values found in this study were influenced by the volume-to-capacity ratio. The values found herein are recommended for use in the analysis and design of traffic engineering facilities for similar traffic conditions to those of the present study.

This paper describes a 565 Mbit/s optical fibre system, developed by British Telecom Research Laboratories in association with Fulcrum Communications Ltd, which incorporates advanced integrated circuit (IC) technology and offers repeater spacings in excess of 40 km. An outline of the IC architecture and system design is presented together with the thermal management techniques adopted. Finally, a description is given of the results of a field trial of the system over a 77 km route between Birmingham and Derby.

Background: Abdominoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic procedures performed in the United States. While poor contour and unsatisfactory cosmetic result have been recognized, neuropathic pain from lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury has been poorly described. We aim to improve outcomes by using an anatomical study to develop a strategy to avoid injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in abdominoplasty. Methods: Twenty-three fresh cadaver abdomens were dissected to evaluate the course of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, using 2.5× loupe magnification. Measurements were taken from the nerve to the anterior superior iliac spine and from the pubic symphysis to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Recordings of the relationship of the nerve to the inguinal ligament and depth at scarpa's fascia were also made. Statistical analysis was performed to find average distances with a standard deviation. Results: On average, the distance from the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve to the anterior superior iliac spine was 3.62 (SD = 1.32) cm and 13.58 (SD = 2.41) cm from the pubic symphysis in line with the inguinal ligament. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was found at the inguinal ligament 80% of the time and 20% of the time superior to the ligament and always deep to scarpa's fascia. Conclusion: Abdominoplasty carries a high patient and surgeon satisfaction rate. The plastic surgeon is continuously challenged to identify ways to improve outcomes, efficiency, and morbidity. Minimal and careful dissection in the area around 4 cm of the anterior superior iliac spine in addition to preserving scarpa's fascia near the inguinal ligament may serve as key strategies to avoiding lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury.

This paper analyses the impact of monthly M3 announcements on short- and long-term interest rates in the United Kingdom. Previous work in this area, using UK data, found no significant relationship between M3 money announcements and short-term interest rates, which suggested a degree of inefficiency in the UK financial markets. However, this paper shows that with a move appropriate measure of market expectations and more frequent interest-rate observations, a significant positive relationship can be found between the unexpected component of M3 money announcements and short- and long-term interests rates. This implies that the UK financial markets were not necessarily inefficient in responding to news

General aspects of coding for optical fibre digital transmission systems are considered in this paper. Simplified mathematical models are developed which reveal the relationship between binary, multilevel and duobinary codes in terms of optical penalty. Various properties of binary block codes are discussed, in particular, how the properties relate to code efficiency.

In this paper we consider two closely related problems concerning a complete locally m-convex (LMC) algebra A with identity. Let a be a fixed element of A, and let P(a) be the smallest closed subalgebra containing a and 1. If B is any subalgebra containing a and 1, we let σ(a; B) denote the spectrum of a as an element of B. (I) Describe the set σ(a; P(a)) in terms of σ(a; A). (II) Give necessary and sufficient conditions in order that σ (a; B) = σ(a; A) for every closed subalgebra B of A which contains a and 1.

A correlation study was undertaken in 2 districts of Kenya to ascertain the relationship between nutrition and health of workers and their productivity. 269 road workers were examined. Blood was taken for hematological examination; urine was tested and stools collected for parasitical study; dietary information was collected; and work output studies conducted. The data show evidence of low calorie reserves and undernutrition in a large percentage of the workmen. Hematocrit and hemaglobin levels were inadequate in more than 30% of the men at 1 of the 2 sites, indicating the presence of parasitic infection-induced anemia. Stool samples confirmed these diagnoses. There was a consistent and highly significant relationship between low weight-for-height and low productivity. Dietary intervention was tried in 1 of the 2 following ways: 1) calorie supplementation; or 2) iron supplementation. Body weight increased in the calorie supplementation group and hematocrit levels increased for those receiving iron. It is concluded that the provision of food at the worksite would benefit workers both physically and psychologically. Without such intervention, economic development will be difficult to achieve.

Although changes in proteolysis in muscle tissue are now well documented for a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, the mechanism of degradation of cellular protein during normal protein turnover remains to be elucidated. Data from several laboratories have suggested the involvement of alkaline serine proteinases. Recent studies have questioned these results, and demonstrated that the serine proteinases are of mast cell origin and are not present in muscle cells. The only proteinases to date that have been shown to be present in muscle cells and capable of degrading myofibrillar proteins are Ca2+-activated proteinase, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D. Recent interest and developing awareness of endogenous enzyme inhibitors in cells may unmask many new enzymes.

Using a numerical hindcast technique, deepwater, significant wave data (height, peak period, and direction) have been computed for the 20-year interval 1956 through 1975 for the U. S. Atlantic coast. The wave data are presented for 13 stations in 8 data products: (1) Percent Occurrence Tables, (2) Percent Exceedance Diagrams, (3) Duration Table, (4) Wave Rose Diagrams, (5) Height, Period, Direction Histograms, (6) Return Period Diagrams, (7) Steepness Diagrams, (8) Mean and Largest Wave-Height Tables. A brief description of each product is given and some sections on use of the products, including examples, are provided.

Cushing's syndrome due to nodular adrenal hyperplasia comprises a clinically and biochemically heterogeneous group of disorders whose pathogenesis is unclear. We describe two patients with atypical steroid dynamics and large unilateral adrenal nodules who had pituitary ACTH-dependent disease. In the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, we recommend repeated ACTH measurement and selective venous sampling-particularly in those patients with impaired dexamethasone suppressibility and abnormal findings on computerized tomography.