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The emergence of COVID-19 has changed the mode of teaching. From face-to-face communication between teachers and students in the classroom to online communication using the Internet as the medium, teachers and students can communicate through voice and video. The communicative competence of students is a productive, flexible and dynamic system that must be constantly improved through the use by the teacher of various speech resources and communication programs that help to serve all areas of communication. As we all know, the effectiveness of communication directly affects the effectiveness of student learning. Can effective communication of learning really be achieved through the Internet? What are the shortcomings of such online teaching methods compared with face-to-face teaching methods? This article analyzes some problems in the communication skills of students in the context of online education, and provides some constructive opinions. Covid-19 пайда болуы оқыту тәсілін өзгертті. Сыныптағы мұғалімдер мен оқушылар арасындағы жеке қарым-қатынастан бастап интернетті құрал ретінде пайдалану арқылы онлайн-байланысқа дейін мұғалімдер мен оқушылар дауыс пен бейне арқылы сөйлесе алады. Қарым-қатынастың тиімділігі оқушылардың оқу тиімділігіне тікелей әсер ететінін бәріміз білеміз. Оқушылардың коммуникативті құзыреттілігі-бұл қарым-қатынастың барлық салаларына қызмет етуге көмектесетін мұғалімнің әртүрлі сөйлеу ресурстары мен коммуникациялық бағдарламаларды қолдануы арқылы үнемі жетілдірілетін өнімді, икемді және динамикалық жүйе. Оқытудың тиімді байланысына шынымен Интернет арқылы қол жеткізуге бола ма? Интернеттегі оқыту әдістерінің күндізгі оқыту әдістерімен салыстырғанда қандай кемшіліктері бар? Бұл мақалада студенттердің онлайн-білім беру контекстіндегі қарым-қатынас дағдыларындағы кейбір мәселелер талданады және кейбір сындарлы пікірлер келтірілген. Появление COVID-19 изменило способ преподавания. От личного общения между учителями и учащимися в классе до онлайн-общения с использованием Интернета в качестве средства, учителя и учащиеся могут общаться с помощью голоса и видео. Как мы все знаем, эффективность общения напрямую влияет на эффективность обучения учащихся. Коммуникативная компетентность учащихся-это продуктивная, гибкая и динамичная система, которая постоянно совершенствуется за счет использования учителем различных речевых ресурсов и коммуникационных программ, помогающих обслуживать все сферы общения. Может ли эффективная коммуникация обучения действительно быть достигнута через Интер-нет? Каковы недостатки таких онлайн-методов обучения по сравнению с очными методами обучения? В этой статье анализируются некоторые проблемы в коммуникативных навыках студентов в контексте онлайн-образования и приводятся некоторые конструктивные мнения.

The present work describes a statistical model to account for sequencing information of SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater samples. The model expresses the joint probability distribution of the number of genomic reads corresponding to mutations and non-mutations in every locus in terms of the variant proportions and the joint mutation distribution within every variant. Since the variant joint mutation distribution can be estimated using GISAID data, the only unknown parameters in the model are the variant proportions. These are estimated using maximum likelihood. The method is applied to monitor the evolution of variant proportions using genomic data coming from wastewater samples collected in A Coruña (NW Spain) in the period May 2021 – March 2022. Although the procedure is applied assuming independence among the number of reads along the genome, it is also extended to account for Markovian dependence of counts along loci in the aggregated information coming from wastewater samples.

Novel anticancer therapeutics are urgently required to meet the increasing global cancer burden associated with aging populations. The development of new drugs is hindered by high failure rates at clinical stages, which are partly attributable to inadequate screening strategies which rely heavily on the use of cancer cell lines cultured in 2D and animal models. Although each of these models has certain advantages, they generally fail to accurately represent the human pathophysiology of malignant tumors. Emerging tissue-engineered 3D cancer models designed to better mimic in vivo tumors have the potential to provide additional tools to complement those currently available to address this limitation and improve drug discovery and translation in the long run. To successfully develop and implement a 3D cancer model for drug screening, several key steps are necessary: selection of the tumor type and concept to be modeled, identification of the essential components and set up of the model, model validation, establishment of a scalable manufacturing and analysis pipeline, and selection of a drug library to perform the screen. In this chapter, we elaborate on and evaluate each of these decision steps, highlight the challenges associated with each step, and discuss opportunities for future research.

A fast neutron tomography imaging instrument has been designed, built, and tested at The Ohio State University 500 kW Research Reactor on a fast neutron beamline with a peak neutron flux ≈5.4 × 107 n·cm−2·s−1 at 1.6 MeV median neutron energy. The instrument and beamline are also configurable for thermal neutron imaging. The imaging apparatus is composed of a lens coupled, water-cooled Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device camera, a front-surface mirror, and a high light yield plastic Polyvinyl toluene scintillator. The instrument sits on a mobile cart. A total of 5 motion-control stages are built into the system for XYZ and rotational degrees of freedom for sample positioning; the fifth stage fine tunes the focal distance between the camera and the scintillator to achieve on-line focusing. A Python code with a user-friendly graphical user interface controls the fully automated image acquisition, not requiring user interaction, yet facilitating tracking of the image acquisition. A complete fast neutron computed tomography dataset with 360 projections requires less than 3 h, with 30 s per projection. On-line focusing is accomplished with a commercial, off-the-shelf, dielectrically actuated liquid lens. Finally, tomographic reconstructions are visualized using the Livermore Tomography Tools software package. The effective pixel size (width and height) is ≈0.1058 mm, yielding a minimum voxel size of 0.1058 × 0.1058 × 0.1058 mm3, and produces a spatial resolution of 231 μm when calculated from knife-edge measurements.

The internal flow of the mini pumps for washing machines is complex due to its compact structure and it normally adopts the upper drainage method. Due to decline in liquid level at the end of drainage (empty discharge period), the pump experiences water–air multiphase flow condition and produces unsteady flow. This unstable flow not only results in the deterioration of pump energy performance, but also induces larger vibration and noise, which in turn, reduce the working capability of pumps and disturb the people living environment. Therefore, with the aim of exploring the internal flow features and noise characteristics of drainage pumps during empty discharge period, the energy performance test was processed under pure water condition as well as under different air void fraction and part load conditions. Moreover, the internal flow field is calculated based on (both k − e and k − ω) turbulence model and Euler non-uniform stream model under pure water, and different inlet air content for part load conditions, respectively. All the experimental conditions for test and boundary conditions for simulation are provided. The overall and local results of internal flow field and gas phase distribution are obtained and analyzed. In addition, the research results can provide a theoretical recommendation for designing the lower noise mini pumps.

Determination and conceptualization of atomic structures of metallic glasses or amorphous alloys remain a grand challenge. Structural models proposed for bulk metallic glasses are still controversial owing to experimental difficulties in directly imaging the atom positions in three-dimensional structures. With the advanced atomic-resolution imaging, here we directly observed the atomic arrangements in atomically thin metallic glassy membranes obtained by vapor deposition. The atomic packing in the amorphous membrane is shown to have a fractal characteristic, with the fractal dimension depending on the atomic density. Locally, the atomic configuration for the metallic glass membrane is composed of many types of polygons with the bonding angles concentrated on 45°–55°. The fractal atomic structure is consistent with the analysis by the percolation theory, and may account for the enhanced relaxation dynamics and the easiness of glass transition as reported for the thin metallic glassy films or glassy surface.

Despite the high capacity and low cost of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, their commercialization is greatly blocked by multiple bottlenecks including the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), poor conductivity of sulfur, and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we propose novel two-dimensional MSi

Pyroptosis, which is put forward after apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, is a programmed pro-inflammatory cell death mode mainly mediated by inflammasomes. The main signaling pathways include the classic caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis pathway and the non-classical caspase-4, caspase-5 and caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis pathway. Pyroptosis is involved in the normal physiological function and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma. Glaucoma, which is mainly related to pathological intraocular pressure elevation, is a kind of eye diseases that threaten and damage the optic nerve and its visual pathway and eventually lead to visual function impairment. With more attention paid to pyroptosis involved in the mechanism of eye diseases and the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma, studies have found that pyroptosis is tightly correlated with glaucoma. Pyroptosis of retinal ganglion cells and microglia-mediated pyroptosis possess a significant position in the development of glaucoma. Further understanding of the relationship between pyroptosis and glaucoma might bring a new dawn for glaucoma treatment. The mechanism of pyroptosis may provide a new strategy for the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma.细胞焦亡是一种继细胞凋亡、细胞坏死及自噬之后新发现的炎性体介导的程序性促炎性反应造成细胞死亡方式，其主要信号通路包括依赖半胱天冬酶1（caspase-1）的经典焦亡途径和依赖caspase-4、caspase-5、caspase-11的非经典焦亡途径，参与机体正常生理功能，在许多疾病的发病过程起重要作用，尤其在神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病、青光眼等。青光眼是一组威胁和损伤视神经及其视觉通路最终导致视觉功能损伤、主要与病理性眼压升高有关的临床疾病。随着越来越多的研究关注于细胞焦亡及其在眼部疾病中的作用机制，细胞焦亡在青光眼发病机制及治疗方面的研究也取得较大的进展，最新研究发现细胞焦亡参与青光眼的发病；尤其是视网膜神经节细胞的焦亡和小胶质细胞介导的细胞焦亡在青光眼的发生发展中可能具有关键地位，随着对细胞焦亡与青光眼关系的深入研究，通过靶向干预视网膜神经节细胞的焦亡途径和小胶质细胞相关的焦亡有望为青光眼治疗带来新的曙光，细胞焦亡介导的作用机制有可能为青光眼发病机制和治疗提供新的思路。

The one degree of freedom (1-DOF) manipulator with nano-resolution is a significant component in the micro-/nano-manipulation. In order to simultaneously achieve a large stroke and high precision, a piezo-driven 1-DOF flexure-based manipulator consisting of an enhanced double Scott-Russell mechanism (EDSRM), a lever type mechanism, and a Z-shaped mechanism is proposed in this paper. Analytical models are developed to examine the kinetostatic and dynamic properties of the manipulator. A finite element analysis is further performed to evaluate the characteristics of the EDSRM and the complete manipulator. The prototype is fabricated on monolithic AL7075, and various experimental tests have been carried out to investigate the correctness of the modeling. The experimental results show that the proposed manipulator has a satisfactory amplification ratio, static stability, and dynamic performance.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world’s fourth most deadly cancer (1). The incidence of CRC is increasing in China (2). Colonoscopy is the primary screening tool for CRC precancerous lesions (3). Adequate bowel preparation is crucial for successful colonoscopy, and mainly associated with patients’ age, body mass index (BMI), and compliance (4). The aim of this study was to explore the impact of enhanced instructions by short message service (SMS) on the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. This retrospective observational study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and obtained the ethical approved of the Medical Ethical Committee of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (No. Y (2021)091). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 475 patients who underwent colonoscopy by an endoscopist (XQ) at our department between January 2021 and July 2021. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) inpatients who underwent colonoscopy; 2) patients with a history of colorectal resection; 3) patients who did not complete colonoscopy due to severe intestinal obstruction or stenosis and unbearable pain; and 4) major clinical data were lacking.

The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a technique for the detection of analytes on the surface with an ultrahigh sensitivity down to the atomic-scale, yet the fabrication of SERS materials such as nanoparticles or arrays of coinage metals often involve multiple complex steps with the high cost and pollution, largely limiting the application of SERS. Here, we report a complex hierarchical metallic glassy (MG) nanostructure by simply replicating the surface microstructure of butterfly wings through vapor deposition technique. The MG nanostructure displays an excellent SERS effect and moreover, a superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning behavior. The SERS effect of the MG nanostructure is attributed to the intrinsic nanoscale structural heterogeneities on the MG surface, which provides a large number of hotspots for the localized electromagnetic field enhancement affirmed by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. Our works show that the MG could be a new potential SERS material with low cost and good durability, well extending the functional application of this kind of material.

Direct atomic-scale observations and measurements on dynamics of amorphous metallic nanoparticles (a-NPs) are challenging owing to the insufficient consciousness to their striking characterizations and the difficulties in technological approaches. In this study, we observe coalescence process of the a-NPs at atomic scale. We measure the viscosity of the a-NPs through the particles coalescence by in situ method. We find that the a-NPs have fast dynamics, and the viscosity of the a-NPs exhibits a power law relationship with size of the a-NPs. The a-NPs with sizes smaller than 3 nm are in a supercooled liquid state and exhibit liquid-like behaviours with a decreased viscosity by four orders of magnitude lower than that of bulk glasses. These results reveal the intrinsic flow characteristics of glasses in low demension, and pave a way to understand the liquid-like behaviours of low dimension glass, and are also of key interest to develop size-controlled nanodevices., Nanoscale materials often exhibit size-dependent behaviour. Here, the authors use electron microscopy to quantitatively study the size-related dynamics of amorphous metallic nanoparticles, finding that particles below a critical size are in a supercooled liquid state at room temperature, with a viscosity much lower than that of bulk glasses.

The pumped-storage power stations (PSPSs) with variable speed units (VSUs) have been emerging in recent years, and the research on the transient processes of those PSPSs is of great significance. In this paper, the transient processes of a PSPS with four units, i.e. three fixed speed units (FSUs) and one VSU, sharing one tunnel are numerically simulated under the conditions of large fluctuation and small fluctuation. Firstly, combining the calculation method of hydraulic transient processes and the basic equations of pump turbine, doubly-fed induction motor (DFIM) and governor, a hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling model of PSPS is established. Secondly, the data of an actual PSPS is substituted into the model and the corresponding parameters are set. Then, the transient processes of typical conditions of large fluctuation and small fluctuation are simulated respectively. Finally, according to the numerical simulation results, the characteristics of the transient processes of PSPS with three FSUs and one VSU are analyzed. The results show that, under large fluctuation conditions, whether the initial operating states of FSUs and VSU are consistent or not, the transient processes are similar. Under small fluctuation conditions, the VSU can adjust the active power to meet the grid demand more quickly than the FSUs.

To investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of reported schistosomiasis cases in China from 2004 to 2017, so as to provide insights into the development of different schistosomiasis control strategies at various stages.The monthly data of reported schistosomiasis cases at a provincial level of China from 2004 to 2017 were collected from the Public Health Science Data Center, and the spatial-temporal distribution of reported schistosomiasis cases was preliminarily identified using a descriptive statistical method. According to the goals at different stages proposed byThe reported schistosomiasis cases were mainly concentrated in 5 provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan and 2 provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan in China from 2004 to 2017, and the number of reported cases in endemic areas decreased gradually. The incidence of reported schistosomiasis cases predominantly peaked during the period from May to September in the marshland and lake regions, while no regular seasonality was seen in hilly regions. Bayesian interrupted time-series analysis showed the peak incidence of reported schistosomiasis cases in 4 provinces of Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi between May and September and in Jiangsu Province from July to November; however, no regular seasonal cycle was identified in hilly regions. The number of reported schistosomiasis cases showed a tendency towards an increase in 2 provinces of Hubei and Hunan from 2008 to 2014, with a minor peak during the period between March and April, and since 2015, the seasonality was not remarkable any longer in 3 provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu and Jiangxi with a decline in the incidence of reported schistosomiasis cases, while the seasonality remained in Hubei Province.The spatial-temporal characteristics of schistosomiasis in China, notably seasonality, vary at different control stages. Bayesian interrupted time-series model is effective to identify the spatial-temporal changes of schistosomiasis, and the schistosomiasis control strategy may be adjusted according to the spatial-temporal changes to improve the schistosomiasis control efficiency.

The change of soil moisture has significant influence on the surface energy distribution and evapotranspiration process and causes the climatic environment changes. It is thus urgent to detect soil moisture facing climate change problems. Based on apparent thermal inertia method, the GLDAS soil moisture of the layer in 0 ~ 10 cm, 10 ~ 40 cm, 40 ~ 100 cm, 100 ~ 200 cm under the ground surface are proceeded for downscaling and the monthly soil moisture are obtained by combination of MODIS data. Statistics of precipitation and temperature of 13 meteorological stations in the Three River Headwater Region (TRHR) are collected to analyze the correlation between soil moisture change and temperature and precipitation. The correlation between soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) are analyzed by using the surface energy balance system model to calculate the average evapotranspiration in the study area. The result indicated that (1) Apparent thermal inertia (ATI) is positively correlated with soil depths in the four layers below the surface and has the best correlation with 0 ~ 10 cm soil moisture. Soil moisture increases with soil depth. Soil moisture is lowest under 0 ~ 10 cm depth while highest under 10 ~ 40 cm on average. (2) In terms of spatial distribution of TRHR, soil moisture is higher in the northwest and southeast, but lower in the southwest and northeast than average. The temporal variation of the soil moisture in one year was high in summer and low in winter, and the average annual soil moisture increased with time. (3) Soil moisture is negatively correlated with temperature and positively corre-lated with precipitation. There is a positive correlation between soil moisture and evapotranspiration. The linear regression coefficient of determination R2 is 0.8489.

Aim To explore the health beliefs of clinical and academic nurses from Japan, Australia and China regarding wearing paper masks to protect themselves and others, and to identify differences in participants' health beliefs regarding masks. Background The correct use of face masks and consensus among health professionals across the globe is essential for containing pandemics, and nurses need to act according to policy to protect themselves, educate the public and preserve resources for frontline health workers. Paper masks are worn by health professionals and the general public to avoid the transmission of respiratory infections, such as COVID-19, but there appear to be differences in health beliefs of nurses within and between countries regarding these. Methods This qualitative descriptive study used content analysis with a framework approach. Findings There were major differences in nurse participants' beliefs between and within countries, including how nurses use paper masks and their understanding of their efficacy. In addition, there were cultural differences in the way that nurses use masks in their daily lives and nursing practice contexts. Conclusion Nurses from different working environments, countries and areas of practice hold a variety of health beliefs about mask wearing at the personal and professional level. Implications for nursing policy and health policy The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked much discussion about the critical importance of masks for the safety of health professionals, and there has been considerable discussion and disagreement about health policies regarding mask use by the general public. Improper use of masks may have a role in creating mask shortages or transmitting infections. An evidence-based global policy on mask use for respiratory illnesses for health professionals, including nurses, and the general public needs to be adopted and supported by a wide-reaching education campaign.

In ambiguous or conflicting sensory situations, perception is often ‘multistable’ in that it changes abruptly at irregular intervals, shifting perpetually between distinct alternatives. Intriguingly, the interval statistics of these alternations exhibits quasi-universal characteristics, suggesting a general mechanism. Here we show that the stereotypical features of multistable perception, exemplified by binocular rivalry, are reproduced in detail by a hierarchical dynamics operating out of equilibrium. Its constitutive elements are discretely stochastic and idealize the metastability of cortical networks. Independent elements accumulate visual evidence at one level, while groups of coupled elements compete for dominance at another level. As soon as one group dominates perception, feedback inhibition suppresses supporting evidence. This mechanism is corroborated compellingly by unexpected serial dependencies of perceptual alternations. Moreover, it satisfies normative constraints of continuous decision-making. We conclude that multistable perception reflects decision-making in a volatile world: integrating evidence over space and time, choosing categorically between hypotheses, while concurrently evaluating alternatives.

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of three surgical techniques for the treatment of patients with benign parotid tumours: superficial parotidectomy (SP; group 1), partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP; group 2), and ultrasonic scalpel-assisted minimal extracapsular dissection (US-MECD; group 3). Groups 1 and 2 received the conventional surgical technique, while group 3 underwent surgery with an ultrasonic scalpel. A total of 281 patients treated during 2012-2016 were included: 98 in group 1, 91 in group 2, and 92 in group 3. The mean surgical time and blood loss during surgery, as well as drainage time and amount, were significantly lower for US-MECD (P0.01). The great auricular nerve and parotid fascia were both preserved with US-MECD (P0.01), while the rate of capsule rupture with US-MECD was slightly higher than in the other groups (P0.05). There was less transient facial nerve paralysis and Frey syndrome with US-MECD (P0.01). No significant difference in wound infection, sialocele, or permanent facial nerve paralysis was observed among the three groups. Patients enrolled during 2012-2013 were selected to evaluate the recurrence rates, and no statistically significant differences were found among the groups. In conclusion, US-MECD showed similar effectiveness and fewer side effects than SP and PSP. The long-term effects of the new technique require further study.

Multilayered steel composites consisting of alternating martensitic and austenite layers were successfully fabricated with a combination of high strength and ductility. In situ SEM tensile experiments were performed to investigate the fracture processes. Results indicated that the martensitic layer distributed between two ductile austenite layers has better deformation ability, and the dimple fracture mode dominated the fracture of the whole specimen. In situ synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out to study the microscopic deformation in austenitic layer and martensitic layer ahead of notch root under incremental tensile loading. Results indicated that for austenite layer, the maximum strain is located in the middle of the layer at the lower applied load. When at the higher applied load, larger strain is concentrated on the notch root. For martensitic layer, uniform strain is distributed at the region at the lower applied load, with increasing the applied load, small strain appears in the middle of martensitic layer. However, the variation in the strain in the martensitic layer is relatively smaller, which is actually affected by both the notch and the ferrite content in the martensitic layer. The changing trends of the strain in the austenite layer and martensitic layer can still show the better combination of brittle martensitic phase and ductile austenite phase.

Different spectra of light trigger different plant growth processes. Therefore, the optimum light spectrum for various plant physiological and growth processes may be different. For greenhouse fruiting vegetables, such as tomatoes, it is important to optimize light spectrum to promote canopy growth to increase light interception during the early stage of plant growth. Once the plants reach full canopy, the focus should be moved to optimizing vertical light distribution because most greenhouse fruiting vegetables are tall crops and the growth processes along the vertical profile are different; most of the canopy growth occurs in the top and middle canopy while fruit growth occurs in the middle and bottom canopy. Because the fruit, not the leaf, is the economic product, the optimized light spectral composition should enhance leaf carbon export and translocation to fruit to improve fruit yield and quality. Therefore, a research project was initiated in 2013 to identify proper light spectral composition and vertical distribution regimes for greenhouse fruiting vegetable production. Different overhead light sources (high-pressure sodium light with or without far-red light-emitting diode (LED) light, plasma light and different spectral compositions of LEDs) and several intra-canopy spectral compositions provided by LEDs were evaluated over four winters on tomatoes, mini-cucumbers and sweet peppers. The effects of light spectrum on whole-plant net carbon exchange and leaf carbon export using (14)C-isotype tracing were also investigated. The vertical light regimes resulted in significant differences in leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf size, fruit yield and fruit quality in greenhouse tomatoes, mini-cucumbers and sweet peppers. Proper vertical light regimes were identified for hybrid light systems (overhead high intensity discharge light + intra-canopy LEDs) and for pure LED light systems (overhead + intra-canopy LEDs). This review clearly demonstrates that optimized vertical light regimes can be developed for improving both plant growth and fruit yield and quality in year-round greenhouse fruiting vegetable production.

Polycrystalline perovskite film-based X-ray detector is an appealing technology for assembling large scale imager by printing methods. However, thick crystalline layer without trap and solvent residual is challenging to fabricate. Here, the authors report a solution method to produce high quality quasi-2D perovskite crystalline layers and detectors that are suitable for X-ray imaging. By introducing n-butylamine iodide into methylammonium lead iodide precursor and coating at elevated temperatures, compact and crystalline layers with exceptional uniformity are obtained on both rigid and flexible substrates. Photodiodes built with the quasi-2D layers exhibit a low dark current and stable operation under constant electrical field over 96 h in dark, and over 15 h under X-ray irradiation. The detector responds sensitively under X-ray, delivering a high sensitivity of 1214 µC Gy

Prussian blue analogs (Na2FeFe(CN)6) have been regarded as potential cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low-cost iron resources and open framework. Herein, the detailed first-principles calculations have been performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of Na x FeFe(CN)6 during Na ion extraction. The material undergoes a phase transition from a dense rhombohedral to open cubic structure upon half-desodiation, which is resulted from competition of the Na−N Coulomb attraction and d−π covalent bonding of Fe−N. The analyses on the density of states, magnetic moments and Bader charges of Na x FeFe(CN)6 reveal that there involve in the successive redox reactions of high-spin Fe2+/Fe3+ and low-spin Fe2+/Fe3+ couples during desodiation. Moreover, the facile three-dimensional diffusion channels for Na+ ions exhibit low diffusion barriers of 0.4 eV ∼ 0.44 eV, which ensures a rapid Na+ transport in the Na x FeFe(CN)6 framework, contributing to high rate performance of the battery. This study gives a deeper understanding of the electrochemical mechanisms of Na x FeFe(CN)6 during Na+ extraction, which is beneficial for the rational design of superior PBA cathodes for SIBs.