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220 results on '"Rösch, M."'

1. Controlling and Phase-Locking a THz Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Comb by Small Optical Frequency Tuning

Author

Consolino, L., Campa, A., De Regis, M., Cappelli, F., Scalari, G., Faist, J., Beck, M., Roesch, M., Bartalini, S., and De Natale, P.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Full phase control of THz emitting quantum cascade laser (QCL) combs has recently been demonstrated, opening new perspectives for even the most demanding applications. In this framework, simplifying the set-ups for control of these devices will help to accelerate their spreading in many fields. We report a new way to control the emission frequencies of a THz QCL comb by small optical frequency tuning (SOFT), using a very simple experimental setup, exploiting the incoherent emission of an ordinary white light emitting diode. The slightly perturbative regime accessible in these condition allows tweaking the complex refractive index of the semiconductor without destabilizing the broadband laser gain. The SOFT actuator is characterized and compared to another actuator, the QCL driving current. The suitability of this additional degree of freedom for frequency and phase stabilization of a THz QCL comb is shown and perspectives are discussed.

Published
2020

2. Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic

Author

Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., and Masi, A.

Published
2022
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3. Negative free carrier absorption in terahertz quantum cascade lasers

Author

Ndebeka-Bandou, C., Rösch, M., Ohtani, K., Beck, M., and Faist, J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We analyze the peculiar case where the free carrier absorption arising from LO phonon absorption-assisted transitions becomes negative and therefore turns into a gain source for quantum cascade lasers. Such an additional source of gain exists when the ratio between the electronic and the lattice temperatures is larger than one, a condition that is usually fulfilled in quantum cascade lasers. We find a gain of few cm$^{-1}$'s at 200K. We report the development of a terahertz quantum cascade laser operating in the negative free carrier absorption regime.

Published
2016
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4. Development of Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors for NIKA

Author

Roesch, M., Benoit, A., Bideaud, A., Boudou, N., Calvo, M., Cruciani, A., Doyle, S., Leduc, H. G., Monfardini, A., Swenson, L., Leclercq, S., Mauskopf, P., and Schuster, K. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors(LEKIDs) have recently shown considerable promise as direct absorption mm-wavelength detectors for astronomical applications. One major research thrust within the N\'eel Iram Kids Array (NIKA) collaboration has been to investigate the suitability of these detectors for deployment at the 30-meter IRAM telescope located on Pico Veleta in Spain. Compared to microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKID), using quarter wavelength resonators, the resonant circuit of a LEKID consists of a discrete inductance and capacitance coupled to a feedline. A high and constant current density distribution in the inductive part of these resonators makes them very sensitive. Due to only one metal layer on a silicon substrate, the fabrication is relatively easy. In order to optimize the LEKIDs for this application, we have recently probed a wide variety of individual resonator and array parameters through simulation and physical testing. This included determining the optimal feed-line coupling, pixel geometry, resonator distribution within an array (in order to minimize pixel cross-talk), and resonator frequency spacing. Based on these results, a 144-pixel Aluminum array was fabricated and tested in a dilution fridge with optical access, yielding an average optical NEP of ~2E-16 W/Hz^1/2 (best pixels showed NEP = 6E-17 W/Hz^1/2 under 4-8 pW loading per pixel). In October 2010 the second prototype of LEKIDs has been tested at the IRAM 30 m telescope. A new LEKID geometry for 2 polarizations will be presented. Also first optical measurements of a titanium nitride array will be discussed., Comment: 5 pages, 12 figures; ISSTT 2011 Workshop

Published
2012

5. Electronics and data acquisition demonstrator for a kinetic inductance camera

Author

Bourrion, O., Bideaud, A., Benoit, A., Cruciani, A., Macias-Perez, J. F., Monfardini, A., Roesch, M., Swenson, L., and Vescovi, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

A prototype of digital frequency multiplexing electronics allowing the real time monitoring of kinetic inductance detector (KIDs) arrays for mm-wave astronomy has been developed. It requires only 2 coaxial cables for instrumenting a large array. For that, an excitation comb of frequencies is generated and fed through the detector. The direct frequency synthesis and the data acquisition relies heavily on a large FPGA using parallelized and pipelined processing. The prototype can instrument 128 resonators (pixels) over a bandwidth of 125 MHz. This paper describes the technical solution chosen, the algorithm used and the results obtained.

Published
2011
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6. A dual-band millimeter-wave kinetic inductance camera for the IRAM 30-meter telescope

Author

Monfardini, A., Benoit, A., Bideaud, A., Swenson, L. J., Roesch, M., Desert, F. X., Doyle, S., Endo, A., Cruciani, A., Ade, P., Baryshev, A. M., Baselmans, J. J. A., Bourrion, O., Calvo, M., Camus, P., Ferrari, L., Giordano, C., Hoffmann, C., Leclercq, S., Macias-Perez, J. F., Mauskopf, P., Schuster, K. F., Tucker, C., Vescovi, C., and Yates, S. J. C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Context. The Neel IRAM KIDs Array (NIKA) is a fully-integrated measurement system based on kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) currently being developed for millimeter wave astronomy. In a first technical run, NIKA was successfully tested in 2009 at the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) 30-meter telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain. This prototype consisted of a 27-42 pixel camera imaging at 150 GHz. Subsequently, an improved system has been developed and tested in October 2010 at the Pico Veleta telescope. The instrument upgrades included dual-band optics allowing simultaneous imaging at 150 GHz and 220 GHz, faster sampling electronics enabling synchronous measurement of up to 112 pixels per measurement band, improved single-pixel sensitivity, and the fabrication of a sky simulator to replicate conditions present at the telescope. Results. The new dual-band NIKA was successfully tested in October 2010, performing in-line with sky simulator predictions. Initially the sources targeted during the 2009 run were re-imaged, verifying the improved system performance. An optical NEP was then calculated to be around 2 \dot 10-16 W/Hz1/2. This improvement in comparison with the 2009 run verifies that NIKA is approaching the target sensitivity for photon-noise limited ground-based detectors. Taking advantage of the larger arrays and increased sensitivity, a number of scientifically-relevant faint and extended objects were then imaged including the Galactic Center SgrB2(FIR1), the radio galaxy Cygnus A and the NGC1068 Seyfert galaxy. These targets were all observed simultaneously in the 150 GHz and 220 GHz atmospheric windows., Comment: Submitted to ApJ (abstract reduced to fit ApJ standards)

Published
2011
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7. High-speed phonon imaging using frequency-multiplexed kinetic inductance detectors

Author

Swenson, L. J., Cruciani, A., Benoit, A., Roesch, M., Yung, C. S., Bideaud, A., and Monfardini, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present a measurement of phonon propagation in a silicon wafer utilizing an array of frequency-multiplexed superconducting resonators coupled to a single transmission line. The electronic readout permits fully synchronous array sampling with a per-resonator bandwidth of 1.2 MHz, allowing sub-$\mu$s array imaging. This technological achievement is potentially vital in a variety of low-temperature applications, including single-photon counting, quantum-computing and dark-matter searches., Comment: Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters

Published
2010
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8. NIKA: A millimeter-wave kinetic inductance camera

Author

Monfardini, A., Swenson, L. J., Bideaud, A., Désert, F. X., Yates, S. J. C., Benoit, A., Baryshev, A. M., Baselmans, J. J. A., Doyle, S., Klein, B., Roesch, M., Tucker, C., Ade, P., Calvo, M., Camus, P., Giordano, C., Guesten, R., Hoffmann, C., Leclercq, S., Mauskopf, P., and Schuster, K. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Current generation millimeter wavelength detectors suffer from scaling limits imposed by complex cryogenic readout electronics. To circumvent this it is imperative to investigate technologies that intrinsically incorporate strong multiplexing. One possible solution is the kinetic inductance detector (KID). In order to assess the potential of this nascent technology, a prototype instrument optimized for the 2 mm atmospheric window was constructed. Known as the N\'eel IRAM KIDs Array (NIKA), it was recently tested at the Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) 30-meter telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain. The measurement resulted in the imaging of a number of sources, including planets, quasars, and galaxies. The images for Mars, radio star MWC349, quasar 3C345, and galaxy M87 are presented. From these results, the optical NEP was calculated to be around $1 \times 10^{-15}$ W$ / $Hz$^{1/2}$. A factor of 10 improvement is expected to be readily feasible by improvements in the detector materials and reduction of performance-degrading spurious radiation., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2010
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9. Testing the Effect of Relative Pollen Productivity on the REVEALS Model: A Validated Reconstruction of Europe-Wide Holocene Vegetation

Author

Serge, M., primary, Mazier, F., additional, Fyfe, R., additional, Gaillard, M.-J., additional, Klein, T., additional, Lagnoux, A., additional, Galop, D., additional, Githumbi, E., additional, Mindrescu, M., additional, Nielsen, A., additional, Trondman, A.-K., additional, Poska, A., additional, Sugita, S., additional, Woodbridge, J., additional, Abel-Schaad, D., additional, Åkesson, C., additional, Alenius, T., additional, Ammann, B., additional, Andersen, S., additional, Anderson, R., additional, Andrič, M., additional, Balakauskas, L., additional, Barnekow, L., additional, Batalova, V., additional, Bergman, J., additional, Birks, H., additional, Björkman, L., additional, Bjune, A., additional, Borisova, O., additional, Broothaerts, N., additional, Carrion, J., additional, Caseldine, C., additional, Christiansen, J., additional, Cui, Q., additional, Currás, A., additional, Czerwiński, S., additional, David, R., additional, Davies, A., additional, De Jong, R., additional, Di Rita, F., additional, Dietre, B., additional, Dörfler, W., additional, Doyen, E., additional, Edwards, K., additional, Ejarque, A., additional, Endtmann, E., additional, Etienne, D., additional, Faure, E., additional, Feeser, I., additional, Feurdean, A., additional, Fischer, E., additional, Fletcher, W., additional, Franco-Múgica, F., additional, Fredh, E., additional, Froyd, C., additional, Garcés-Pastor, S., additional, García-Moreiras, I., additional, Gauthier, E., additional, Gil-Romera, G., additional, González-Sampériz, P., additional, Grant, M., additional, Grindean, R., additional, Haas, J., additional, Hannon, G., additional, Heather, A.-J., additional, Heikkilä, M., additional, Hjelle, K., additional, Jahns, S., additional, Jasiunas, N., additional, Jiménez-Moreno, G., additional, Jouffroy-Bapicot, I., additional, Kabailienė, M., additional, Kamerling, I., additional, Kangur, M., additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, M., additional, Kasianova, A., additional, Kołaczek, P., additional, Lagerås, P., additional, Latalowa, M., additional, Lechterbeck, J., additional, Leroyer, C., additional, Leydet, M., additional, Lindbladh, M., additional, Lisitsyna, O., additional, López-Sáez, J.-A., additional, Lowe, John, additional, Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., additional, Lukanina, E., additional, Macijauskaitė, L., additional, Magri, D., additional, Marguerie, D., additional, Marquer, L., additional, Martinez-Cortizas, A., additional, Mehl, I., additional, Mesa-Fernández, J., additional, Mighall, T., additional, Miola, A., additional, Miras, Y., additional, Morales-Molino, C., additional, Mrotzek, A., additional, Sobrino, C., additional, Odgaard, B., additional, Ozola, I., additional, Pérez-Díaz, S., additional, Pérez-Obiol, R., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Rego, P., additional, Ramos-Román, M., additional, Rasmussen, P., additional, Reille, M., additional, Rösch, M., additional, Ruffaldi, P., additional, Goni, M., additional, Savukynienė, N., additional, Schröder, T., additional, Schult, M., additional, Segerström, U., additional, Seppä, H., additional, Vives, G., additional, Shumilovskikh, L., additional, Smettan, H., additional, Stancikaite, M., additional, Stevenson, A., additional, Stivrins, N., additional, Tantau, I., additional, Theuerkauf, M., additional, Tonkov, S., additional, van der Knaap, W., additional, van Leeuwen, J., additional, Vecmane, E., additional, Verstraeten, G., additional, Veski, S., additional, Voigt, R., additional, Von Stedingk, H., additional, Waller, M., additional, Wiethold, J., additional, Willis, K., additional, Wolters, S., additional, and Zernitskaya, V., additional

Published
2023
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10. Testing the Effect of Relative Pollen Productivity on the REVEALS Model: A Validated Reconstruction of Europe-Wide Holocene Vegetation

Author

European Commission, Serge, M. A., Mazier, F., Fyfe, R., Gaillard, M. J., Klein, T., Lagnoux, A., Galop, D., Githumbi, E., Mindrescu, M., Nielsen, A. B., Trondman, A. K., Barnekow, L., Batalova, V., Bergman, J., Birks, H. John B., Björkman, L., Bjune, A. E., Borisova, O., Broothaerts, N., Carrion, J., Caseldine, C., Grindean, R., Christiansen, J., Cui, Q., Currás, Andrés, Czerwiński, S., David, R., Davies, A. L., De Jong, R., Di Rita, F., Dietre, B., Dörfler, W., Haas, J. N., Doyen, E., Edwards, K. J., Ejarque, A., Endtmann, E., Etienne, D., Faure, E., Feeser, I., Feurdean, A., Fischer, E., Fletcher, W., Hannon, G., Franco-Múgica, F., Fredh, E. D., Froyd, C., Garcés-Pastor, S., García-Moreiras, I., Gauthier, E., Gil-Romera, Graciela, González-Sampériz, Penélope, Grant, M. J., Heather, A. J., Heikkilä, M., Hjelle, K., Jahns, S., Jasiunas, N., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Jouffroy-Bapicot, I., Sobrino, C. Muñoz, Kabailienė, M., Kamerling, I. M., Kangur, M., Karpińska-Kołaczek, M., Kasianova, A., Kołaczek, P., Lagerås, P., Latalowa, M., Lechterbeck, J., Leroyer, C., Odgaard, B., Leydet, M., Lindbladh, M., Lisitsyna, O., López Sáez, José Antonio, Lowe, John, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Lukanina, E., Macijauskaitė, L., Magri, D., Marguerie, D., Ozola, I., Marquer, L., Martínez Cortizas, Antonio, Mehl, I., Mesa-Fernández, J. M., Mighall, Tim, Miola, A., Miras, Y., Morales-Molino, C., Mrotzek, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Pérez-Obiol, R. P., Poggi, C., Rego, P. Ramil, Ramos-Román, M. J., Rasmussen, P., Reille, M., Poska, A., Rösch, M., Ruffaldi, P., Goni, M. Sánchez, Savukynienė, N., Schröder, T., Schult, M., Segerström, U., Seppä, H., Vives, G. Servera, Shumilovskikh, L., Sugita, S., Smettan, H. W., Stancikaite, M., Stevenson, A. C., Stivrins, N., Tantau, I., Theuerkauf, M., Tonkov, S., van der Knaap, W. O., van Leeuwen, J. F. N., Vecmane, E., Woodbridge, J., Verstraeten, G., Veski, S., Voigt, R., Von Stedingk, H., Waller, M. P., Wiethold, J., Willis, K. J., Wolters, S., Zernitskaya, V. P., Abel-Schaad, D., Åkesson, C., Alenius, T., Ammann, B., Andersen, S. T., Anderson, R. Scott, Andrič, M., Balakauskas, L., European Commission, Serge, M. A., Mazier, F., Fyfe, R., Gaillard, M. J., Klein, T., Lagnoux, A., Galop, D., Githumbi, E., Mindrescu, M., Nielsen, A. B., Trondman, A. K., Barnekow, L., Batalova, V., Bergman, J., Birks, H. John B., Björkman, L., Bjune, A. E., Borisova, O., Broothaerts, N., Carrion, J., Caseldine, C., Grindean, R., Christiansen, J., Cui, Q., Currás, Andrés, Czerwiński, S., David, R., Davies, A. L., De Jong, R., Di Rita, F., Dietre, B., Dörfler, W., Haas, J. N., Doyen, E., Edwards, K. J., Ejarque, A., Endtmann, E., Etienne, D., Faure, E., Feeser, I., Feurdean, A., Fischer, E., Fletcher, W., Hannon, G., Franco-Múgica, F., Fredh, E. D., Froyd, C., Garcés-Pastor, S., García-Moreiras, I., Gauthier, E., Gil-Romera, Graciela, González-Sampériz, Penélope, Grant, M. J., Heather, A. J., Heikkilä, M., Hjelle, K., Jahns, S., Jasiunas, N., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Jouffroy-Bapicot, I., Sobrino, C. Muñoz, Kabailienė, M., Kamerling, I. M., Kangur, M., Karpińska-Kołaczek, M., Kasianova, A., Kołaczek, P., Lagerås, P., Latalowa, M., Lechterbeck, J., Leroyer, C., Odgaard, B., Leydet, M., Lindbladh, M., Lisitsyna, O., López Sáez, José Antonio, Lowe, John, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Lukanina, E., Macijauskaitė, L., Magri, D., Marguerie, D., Ozola, I., Marquer, L., Martínez Cortizas, Antonio, Mehl, I., Mesa-Fernández, J. M., Mighall, Tim, Miola, A., Miras, Y., Morales-Molino, C., Mrotzek, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Pérez-Obiol, R. P., Poggi, C., Rego, P. Ramil, Ramos-Román, M. J., Rasmussen, P., Reille, M., Poska, A., Rösch, M., Ruffaldi, P., Goni, M. Sánchez, Savukynienė, N., Schröder, T., Schult, M., Segerström, U., Seppä, H., Vives, G. Servera, Shumilovskikh, L., Sugita, S., Smettan, H. W., Stancikaite, M., Stevenson, A. C., Stivrins, N., Tantau, I., Theuerkauf, M., Tonkov, S., van der Knaap, W. O., van Leeuwen, J. F. N., Vecmane, E., Woodbridge, J., Verstraeten, G., Veski, S., Voigt, R., Von Stedingk, H., Waller, M. P., Wiethold, J., Willis, K. J., Wolters, S., Zernitskaya, V. P., Abel-Schaad, D., Åkesson, C., Alenius, T., Ammann, B., Andersen, S. T., Anderson, R. Scott, Andrič, M., and Balakauskas, L.

Abstract

Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe (at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°) over the Holocene (last 11.7 ka BP) using the ‘Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites’ (REVEALS) model. This study has three main aims. First, to present the most accurate and reliable generation of REVEALS reconstructions across Europe so far. This has been achieved by including a larger number of pollen records compared to former analyses, in particular from the Mediterranean area. Second, to discuss methodological issues in the quantification of past land cover by using alternative datasets of relative pollen productivities (RPPs), one of the key input parameters of REVEALS, to test model sensitivity. Finally, to validate our reconstructions with the global forest change dataset. The results suggest that the RPPs.st1 (31 taxa) dataset is best suited to producing regional vegetation cover estimates for Europe. These reconstructions offer a long-term perspective providing unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land cover and biodiversity.

Published
2023

11. Overview of the CLOUDLAB project: Studying microphysical ice processes by seeding supercooled stratus clouds with a UAV

Author

Henneberger, J., Ramelli, F., Spirig, R., Fuchs, C., Hervo, M., Miller, A., Ohneiser, K., Omanovic, N., Rösch, M., Seifert, P., Zhang, H., and Lohmann, U.

Abstract

Ice formation and growth play a critical role in the initiation of precipitation. However, fundamental knowledge gaps in microphysical processes exist, for example, in the efficiency of diffusional growth of ice crystals, which leads to uncertainties in weather forecasts and climate projections. The CLOUDLAB project aims to bridge this gap by using supercooled stratus clouds as a natural laboratory for glaciogenic cloud seeding experiments. Ice nucleating particles (particles containing mainly silver iodide) are dispersed into these clouds via an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV), triggering ice crystal formation and growth. The use of a UAV for seeding in conjunction with the persistent nature of stratus clouds enables repeated seeding experiments under similar and well-constrained initial conditions.So far, 50 seeding experiments with seeding temperatures between -10°C and -3°C were conducted in clouds over the Swiss plateau. The seeding-induced microphysical changes were monitored using in-situ and ground-based remote sensing equipment positioned 3-15 minutes downstream of the seeding location. The seeding plume had an extent of multiple hundreds of metres and was detected by increased reflectivity in the vertically pointing and scanning cloud radars (additional instrumentation was provided by TROPOS in the frame of the accompanying PolarCAP project). Simultaneously, high concentrations of small ice crystals were detected with a holographic imager mounted on a tethered balloon. The findings are contextualized with simulations using the numerical weather model (ICON).&nbsp

Published
2023

12. Co-located in-situ and remote sensing observations of freshly formed ice crystals generated by targeted glaciogenic cloud seeding

Author

Fuchs, C., Ramelli, F., Miller, A., Ohneiser, K., Omanovic, N., Rösch, M., Seifert, P., Spirig, R., Zhang, H., Lohmann, U., and Henneberger, J.

Abstract

The formation and growth of ice in clouds are essential for precipitation formation. Despite advances in our understanding of ice phase processes arising from laboratory and modeling studies, a major gap exists in representative in-situ field observations. CLOUDLAB aims to fill this gap by performing targeted glaciogenic cloud seeding experiments (using silver iodide injections) in supercooled, predominantly liquid stratus clouds over the Swiss Plateau to induce ice crystal formation and subsequent growth processes. Downwind of the seeding location, the freshly generated ice crystals are observed using two scanning cloud radars and a tethered balloon system equipped with an optical particle counter and holographic imager. The holographic imager captures phase-resolved information about the number, size, and spatial distributions of hydrometeors with high spatio-temporal resolution (>6 µm, 40 Hz).We present in-situ and remote sensing data observed during a series of cloud seeding experiments. The ice crystal and aerosol number concentrations increased by several orders of magnitudes during the passage of the seeding plume. Simultaneously at the same location, the radar reflectivity increased by 10 to 20 dB compared to the unseeded background cloud. The observed ice crystals formed three to fifteen minutes before the detection and grew to a diameter of around 100-200 µm. We will also assess how the seeding influences the liquid phase (e.g. liquid water content, cloud droplet size) and answer the question: Does the seeding produce fully glaciated patches? This dataset provides unique insights into early-stage ice processes and broadens our understanding of precipitation formation., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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13. Development of a Horizontal Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter to evaluate the role of semi-volatile organic compounds in cloud drop activation

Author

Sapkal, M., Rösch, M., and Kanji, Z.

Abstract

Aerosol particles play a critical role as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the atmosphere. The CCN ability is conventionally measured using CCN counters (CCNCs), which determine the proportion of particles that activate into cloud droplets when exposed to water vapor at a pre-set supersaturation. However, recent findings suggest that the co-condensation effect of semi-volatiles can greatly enhance aerosol particle growth, for example, in polluted cities. This co-condensation effect is not captured accurately in conventional CCNCs, such as streamwise CCNC developed by DMT Inc, since the particles are heated as they pass through the CCNC column. To address this limitation, we have developed the Horizontal Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (H-CCNC) based on the concept of a continuous-flow thermal-gradient diffusion chamber. The H-CCNC operates at lower temperatures (, The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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15. Big Data Palaeoecology reveals significant variation in Black Death mortality in Europe [Preprint]

Author

Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., 1, Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Universidad de Cantabria, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Bialystok, Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Universität Leipzig, ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study [Uppsala], Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA, Department of biology, georgetown University, Washington DC, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, Institute of Botany [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Viscum Pollenanalys & Miljöhistoria, Nässjö, Sweden, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Institute of Geosciences [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Wessex Archaeology [Salisbury], Department of Archaeology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Palaeobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland, Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeobotany, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, University of Latvia (LU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Archaeologists, National Historical Museums, Lund, Sweden, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Environmental Archaeology Research Group, Institute of History, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Department of Geography, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], MSU Faculty of Geography [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratory of Forest Botany-Geobotany, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Cologne, Faculty of Biology [Gdansk, Poland], University of Gdańsk (UG), Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain., Centre for Theoretical Studies, Charles University, Czechia (CTS), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Vilnius, Lithuania, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, USA, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, European Project: 263735,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091209,TEC(2010), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany, Faculty of History and International Relations, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Department of Earth Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Leipzig, Germany, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], GFZ-German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Salisbury, UK, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Institute of Archeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republi, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia., Department of Quaternary Research, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeobotany, Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, Lund University [Lund], Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia., Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], IFP Energies Nouvelles, Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies Division, Rueil-Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison, Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., 3 Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland., Institute of History, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (Dafne), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy., Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISEM, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Anthropocene Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, CNRS, HNHP UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France, Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland., Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic., Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pre- and Early History and West Asian Archaeology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], López Sáez, José Antonio, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
Land-use changes, Ecology, black death pandemic, Humaniora: 000::Arkeologi: 090 [VDP], palaeoecological data, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, paleoecology, palynology, big data, paleoecology, Europe, big data, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, palynology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group (A.I., A.M. and C.V.); Estonian Research Council #PRG323, PUT1173 (A.Pos., T.R., N.S. and S.V.); European Research Council #FP7 263735 (A.Bro. and A.Plu.), #MSC 655659 (A.E.); Georgetown Environmental Initiative (T.N.); Latvian Council of Science #LZP-2020/2-0060 (N.S. and N.J.); LLNL-JRNL-820941 (I.T.); NSF award #GSS-1228126 (S.M.); Polish-Swiss Research Programme #013/2010 CLIMPEAT (M.Lam.), #086/2010 CLIMPOL (A.W.); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education #N N306 275635 (M.K.); Polish National Science Centre #2019/03/X/ST10/00849 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/01656 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/03430 (M.So.), #2018/31/B/ST10/02498 (M.So.), #N N304 319636 (A.W.); SCIEX #12.286 (K.Mar.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness #REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (J.A.L.S.); Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports #FPU16/00676 (R.L.L.); Swedish Research Council #421-2010-1570 (P.L.), #2018-01272 (F.C.L. and A.S.); Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly (M.B.), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation #RTI2018-101714-B-I00 (F.A.S. and D.A.S.), OP RDE, MEYS project #CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728 (P.P.)., The Black Death (1347–1352 ce) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics., Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group, Estonian Research Council PRG323 PUT1173, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission FP7 263735 MSC 655659, Georgetown Environmental Initiative, Latvian Ministry of Education and Science LZP-2020/2-0060 LLNL-JRNL-820941, National Science Foundation (NSF) GSS-1228126, Polish-Swiss Research Programme 013/2010 086/2010, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N306 275635, Polish National Science Centre 2019/03/X/ST10/00849 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 2015/17/B/ST10/03430 2018/31/B/ST10/02498 N N304 319636, SCIEX 12.286, Spanish Government REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P FPU16/00676, Swedish Research Council, European Commission 421-2010-1570 2018-01272, Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly, Spanish Government RTI2018-101714-B-I00, OP RDE, MEYS project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728

Published
2022

16. Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic

Author

Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, Lucrezia, Palli, J., Vignola, Cristiano, Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist , F.C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R, Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz. M., Lindbladh, M., López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A.M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A.M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M.L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorný, Petr, Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori , L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, Lucrezia, Palli, J., Vignola, Cristiano, Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist , F.C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R, Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz. M., Lindbladh, M., López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A.M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A.M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M.L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorný, Petr, Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori , L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., and Masi, A.

Abstract

The Black Death (1347–1352 CE) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics.

Published
2022

25. Quantification de la transmission transplacentaire du virus SARS-CoV-2 et de ses anticorps chez 165 patientes et leurs nouveau-nés selon le terme d’infection : une étude française, prospective et multicentrique

Author

Lucot-Royer, L., Lepiller, Q., Bertholdt, C., Bory, J., Devalland, C., Canaguier, M., Copolla, C., Estzo, M., Montoya, E., Reviron, S., Riethmuller, D., Ruffenacht, E., Roesch, M., Simon, E., Puyraveau, M., Mauny, F., and Mottet, N.

Published
2023
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31. Freie Vorträge

Author

Windolf, J., primary, Inglis, R., additional, Hollander, D., additional, Rueger, J., additional, Pahlke, K., additional, Meier-Hellmann, A., additional, Oberhoffer, M., additional, Reinhart, K., additional, Neidhardt, R., additional, Keel, M., additional, Trentz, O., additional, Ertel, W., additional, Haug, U., additional, Willy, C., additional, Gerngroß, H., additional, ten Duis, H. J., additional, Roerdink, H., additional, Timens, W., additional, De Leij, L., additional, Remmers, D., additional, Pape, H.-C., additional, Grotz, M., additional, Gruner, A., additional, Regel, G., additional, Tscherne, H., additional, Kretschmer, R., additional, Gnann, W., additional, Maghsudi, M., additional, Neumann, C., additional, Nerlich, M., additional, Mutzbauer, T., additional, Georgieff, M., additional, Breitfuß, H., additional, Resch, H., additional, Fröhlich, R., additional, Povacz, P., additional, Möllenhoff, G., additional, Josten, C., additional, Buchholz, J., additional, Muhr, G., additional, Cook, St. D., additional, Ryaby, J. P., additional, Heckman, J. D., additional, Kristiansen, Th. K., additional, Mutschler, W., additional, Wirbel, R., additional, Schulte, M., additional, Schmid, U., additional, Herr, G., additional, Schnettler, R., additional, Wieland, O., additional, Weber, K., additional, Fell, M., additional, Meißner, A., additional, Wennmacher, M., additional, Rahmanzadeh, R., additional, Hente, R., additional, Schildhauer, Th., additional, Wachtel, Th., additional, Weinberg, A.-M., additional, Draijer, F., additional, Maurer, F., additional, Quirini, W., additional, Rommens, P. M., additional, Broos, P. L., additional, Stöckle, U., additional, Hoffmann, R., additional, Südkamp, N. P., additional, Haas, N., additional, Steinbeck, J., additional, Jerosch, J., additional, Stechmann, J., additional, Güth, V., additional, Klöckner, C., additional, Wörsdörfer, O., additional, Pickel, H., additional, Hofmeister, M., additional, Militz, M., additional, Bühren, V., additional, Helling, H.-J., additional, Prokop, A., additional, Ullrich, G., additional, Brochhagen, H.-G., additional, Rehm, K. E., additional, Müller, E. J., additional, Russe, O., additional, Weißkopf, M., additional, Südkamp, N., additional, Kern, O., additional, Bouillon, B., additional, Löbach, R., additional, Tiling, T., additional, Lill, H., additional, Moor, C., additional, Schmidt, A., additional, Echtermeyer, V., additional, Weise, K., additional, Boack, D.-H., additional, Mittlmeier, Th., additional, Wichelhaus, A., additional, Dee, W., additional, Winckler, St., additional, Brug, E., additional, Ziring, E., additional, Petermann, J., additional, Walthers, E., additional, Götzen, L., additional, Prymka, M., additional, Bach, T., additional, Höher, J., additional, Tiling, Th., additional, Brand, B., additional, Buchgraber, A., additional, Pässler, H. H., additional, Mann, K., additional, Lange, K., additional, Reinbold, W.-D., additional, Strauss, J. M., additional, Schmiel, S., additional, Gehling, H., additional, Hessmann, M., additional, Gotzen, L., additional, Knop, A., additional, Breyer, H.-G., additional, Voigt, Ch., additional, Ramanzadeh, R., additional, Platte, K., additional, Gelis, Th., additional, Hanrath, R. D., additional, Poell, A., additional, Brandt, T., additional, Bonnaire, F., additional, Kuner, E. H., additional, Rösch, M., additional, Gebhard, F., additional, Steffen, P., additional, Kinzl, L., additional, Brückner, U. B., additional, Ishaque, N., additional, Augele, I., additional, Kienapfel, H., additional, Klose, K. J., additional, Pröbstel, M., additional, Richter, J., additional, Börner, M., additional, Khodadadyan, C., additional, Raschke, M., additional, Beier, Th., additional, Giggel, S., additional, Mohr, F., additional, Schier, F., additional, Schandelmaier, P., additional, Krettek, Ch., additional, Kohl, A., additional, Dietrich, M., additional, Müller, C. A., additional, Pfister, U., additional, Rudolf, J., additional, Könemann, B., additional, Henry, St. L., additional, Ostermann, P. A. W., additional, Hahn, M. P., additional, Seligson, D., additional, Minholz, R., additional, and Dubowy, T., additional

Published
1996
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35. Intercomparing different devices for the investigation of ice nucleating particles using Snomax® as test substance

Author

Wex, H., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Boose, Y., Budke, Carsten, Curtius, J., Diehl, K., Dreyer, Axel, Frank, F., Hartmann, S., Hiranuma, N., Jantsch, Evelyn, Kanji, Z. A., Kiselev, A., Koop, Thomas, Möhler, O., Niedermeier, D., Nillius, B., Rösch, M., Rose, D., Schmidt, C., Steinke, I., and Stratmann, F.

Subjects
lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract

Seven different instruments and measurement methods were used to examine the immersion freezing of bacterial ice nuclei from Snomax® (hereafter Snomax), a product containing ice-active protein complexes from non-viable Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. The experimental conditions were kept as similar as possible for the different measurements. Of the participating instruments, some examined droplets which had been made from suspensions directly, and the others examined droplets activated on previously generated Snomax particles, with particle diameters of mostly a few hundred nanometers and up to a few micrometers in some cases. Data were obtained in the temperature range from −2 to −38 °C, and it was found that all ice-active protein complexes were already activated above −12 °C. Droplets with different Snomax mass concentrations covering 10 orders of magnitude were examined. Some instruments had very short ice nucleation times down to below 1 s, while others had comparably slow cooling rates around 1 K min−1. Displaying data from the different instruments in terms of numbers of ice-active protein complexes per dry mass of Snomax, nm, showed that within their uncertainty, the data agree well with each other as well as to previously reported literature results. Two parameterizations were taken from literature for a direct comparison to our results, and these were a time-dependent approach based on a contact angle distribution (Niedermeier et al., 2014) and a modification of the parameterization presented in Hartmann et al. (2013) representing a time-independent approach. The agreement between these and the measured data were good; i.e., they agreed within a temperature range of 0.6 K or equivalently a range in nm of a factor of 2. From the results presented herein, we propose that Snomax, at least when carefully shared and prepared, is a suitable material to test and compare different instruments for their accuracy of measuring immersion freezing.

Published
2015

36. Looking back - Looking forward: A novel multi-time slice weight-of-evidence approach for defining reference conditions to assess the impact of human activities on lake systems

Author

Hollert, H., Crawford, S.E., Brack, Werner, Brinkmann, M., Fischer, E., Hartmann, K., Keiter, S., Ottermanns, R., Ouellet, J.D., Rinke, Karsten, Rösch, M., Roß-Nickoll, M., Schäffer, A., Schüth, C., Schulze, Tobias, Schwarz, A., Seiler, T.-B., Wessels, M., Hinderer, M., Schwalb, A., Hollert, H., Crawford, S.E., Brack, Werner, Brinkmann, M., Fischer, E., Hartmann, K., Keiter, S., Ottermanns, R., Ouellet, J.D., Rinke, Karsten, Rösch, M., Roß-Nickoll, M., Schäffer, A., Schüth, C., Schulze, Tobias, Schwarz, A., Seiler, T.-B., Wessels, M., Hinderer, M., and Schwalb, A.

Abstract

Lake ecosystems are sensitive recorders of environmental changes that provide continuous archives at annual to decadal resolution over thousands of years. The systematic investigation of land use changes and emission of pollutants archived in Holocene lake sediments as well as the reconstruction of contamination, background conditions, and sensitivity of lake systems offer an ideal opportunity to study environmental dynamics and consequences of anthropogenic impact that increasingly pose risks to human well-being. This paper discusses the use of sediment and other lines of evidence in providing a record of historical and current contamination in lake ecosystems. We present a novel approach to investigate impacts from human activities using chemical-analytical, bioanalytical, ecological, paleolimnological, paleoecotoxicological, archeological as well as modeling techniques. This multi-time slice weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach will generate knowledge on conditions prior to anthropogenic influence and provide knowledge to (i) create a better understanding of the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on biodiversity, (ii) assess water quality by using quantitative data on historical pollution and persistence of pollutants archived over thousands of years in sediments, and (iii) define environmental threshold values using modeling methods. This technique may be applied in order to gain insights into reference conditions of surface and ground waters in catchments with a long history of land use and human impact, which is still a major need that is currently not yet addressed within the context of the European Water Framework Directive.

Published
2018

38. Energieautarke Produktion. Herausforderungen einer industriellen Stromeigenversorgung in der PPS

Author

Rösch, M., Schultz, C., Braunreuther, S., Reinhart, G., and Publica

Abstract

Mit der Umstrukturierung des Stromnetzes im Zuge der Energiewende sind die Strompreise für Industriekunden zuletzt deutlich gestiegen. Gleichzeitig ist eine Kostendegression für Kleinkraftwerke sowie Stromspeicher zu beobachten, die zu einer wachsenden Attraktivität von Stromeigenversorgungen führt. Der Fachbeitrag beleuchtet das Umdenken, das dabei für Produktionsstandorte bei der Energieversorgung und der informationstechnischen Vernetzung aller Erzeuger und Verbraucher erforderlich ist.

Published
2017

49. The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): An instrument to investigate ice nucleation

Author

Garimella, S., primary, Kristensen, T. B., additional, Ignatius, K., additional, Welti, A., additional, Voigtländer, J., additional, Kulkarni, G. R., additional, Sagan, F., additional, Kok, G. L., additional, Dorsey, J., additional, Nichman, L., additional, Rothenberg, D., additional, Rösch, M., additional, Kirchgäßner, A., additional, Ladkin, R., additional, Wex, H., additional, Wilson, T. W., additional, Ladino, L. A., additional, Abbatt, J. P. D., additional, Stetzer, O., additional, Lohmann, U., additional, Stratmann, F., additional, and Cziczo, D. J., additional

Published
2016
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